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INFORME FINAL: El Rol De La Mujer Indígena Kichwa Lamas En La Conservación De Bosques Comunitarios Y Su Participación En La I

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INFORME FINAL: El Rol De La Mujer Indígena Kichwa Lamas En La Conservación De Bosques Comunitarios Y Su Participación En La I THE ROLE OF KICHWA LAMAS INDIGENOUS WOMEN IN THE CONSERVATION OF THEIR COMMUNITY FORESTS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONDITIONAL DIRECT TRANSFERS (TDC) MECHANISM Three Indigenous Communities’ Case Study in the Provinces of Lamas, and El Dorado, San Martin Region: Chirikyacu, Chunchiwi, and Chirik Sacha By GRACE MELISSA PALACIOS CHÁVEZ A Final Practicum Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Sustainable Development Practice Degree at the University of Florida, in Gainesville, FL USA May 2018 Supervisory Committee: John Richard Stepp, Chair Catherine Tucker, Cochair Kathleen Colverson, Member © 2018 Grace Melissa Palacios Chávez To my grandpa, Papanito who enjoyed having me in his region ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the University of Florida, Center of Latin American Studies, Master of Sustainable Development Practice, my Supervisory Committee, and peer reviews in guiding and supporting me along this research experience. I am also thankful to GIZ, and the local team of Bosques National Program who introduced me and also guided me during my field experience. Finally, I am especially thankful to Chirikyacu, Chunchiwi, and Chirik Sacha communities for all their hospitality and kindness, which made each of my visits highly satisfactory. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... 8 ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................ 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ 11 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 13 I. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 16 Commitments and Initiatives in Peru ...................................................................................................... 16 Environmental tools .................................................................................................................................... 16 CBC Project: Community Forest Conservation .......................................................................................... 17 Conditional Direct Transfers (TDC) ....................................................................................................... 17 II. CONTEXT.................................................................................................................................. 22 Gender in the Amazon ............................................................................................................................ 22 Deforestation in San Martin .................................................................................................................... 23 Kichwa Population .................................................................................................................................. 24 III. GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY AREA....................................................................... 26 Chirikyacu, Chunchiwi, and Chirik Sacha’s Location ............................................................................ 26 Indigenous Organization ......................................................................................................................... 27 IV. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................... 29 V. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................. 31 VI. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 33 Forests: Women’s Involvement in the Conservation of Community Forests ......................................... 34 TDC: Women’s involvement in the implementation of the TDC mechanism ........................................ 35 VII. FIELD PHASE DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................. 37 VIII. APPLICATION OF METHODS AND ANALYSIS ................................................................. 38 SO1 Identify key aspects of the involvement of the Kichwa Lamas women in the steps of the TDC mechanism ......................................................................................................................... 38 SO2 Characterize the participation of Kichwa Lamas women and the gender complementarity in the development of each of the activities of their Investment Plan, and in the conservation of their community forest. ....................................................................................................................... 39 5 SO3 Identify the main effects of Kichwa Lamas women's contribution to the implementation of the TDC mechanism ......................................................................................................................... 40 SO4 Identify actions to strengthen Kichwa Lamas women’s participation in the implementation of the TDC mechanism ................................................................................................................... 41 IX. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................. 42 X. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 72 Gender among Kichwa Lamas ................................................................................................................ 72 For Bosques National Program ............................................................................................................... 73 XI. APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 77 XII. LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 79 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 1-1. TDC steps 18 1-2. Example of an Investment Plan 20 3-1. Additional Data for Chirikyacu, Chunchiwi, and Chirik Sacha 27 5-1. Specific Objectives and Actions 31 5-2. Alignment Objectives 32 6-1. Where in this Study are the Objectives Addressed 33 7-1. Total number of Community Members that Participated in the Methods 37 8-1. Methods and Analysis of SO1 Actions 38 8-2. Methods and Analysis of SO2 Actions 39 8-3. Methods and Analysis of SO3 Actions 40 8-4. Methods and Analysis of SO4 Actions 41 9-1. Identification of the activities in the 6 steps of the TDC mechanism 44 9-2. Type and level of participation by activity in Chirikyacu 52 9-3. Type and level of participation by activity in Chunchiwi 53 9-4. Type and level of participation by activity in Chirik Sacha 53 9-5. Type of men’s participation by activity 56 9-6. Three Gender Expressions 59 9-7. Gender expressions among families for the development of the activities 60 9-8. Women’s opinions from her experience in Bosques Program 66 9-9. Drivers of women’s motivation 67 9-10. Drivers of women’s constraints 68 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 2-1. Forest Loss in San Martin 23 2-2. Kichwa Population in Peru 24 3-1. Indigenous Communities’ location 26 4-1. Conceptual Framework 29 9-1. Involvement of men and women in the TDC steps 45 9-3. Legend of Figures 9-4, and 9-5 48 9-4. Total number of women attending 49 9-5. Women beneficiaries (artisan and cocoa) that attend the meetings 49 9-6. Number of comuneras who answered "Yes" 50 9-7. Correlation of Type of Women’s Participation and Years in the TDC 54 9-8. Levels of indirect relationship “women-forest” 55 9-9. Main activities in different gender expressions 63 9-10. Effect from the implementation of the TDC 64 9-11. Comuneros’ perspectives of the TDC implementation, per year 65 9-12. Cycle of the involvement of women in TDC mechanism 66 9-13. Pyramid of Actions 69 8 ACRONYMS BMU German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Protection and Nuclear Security CBC Community Forests Conservation Project CN Indigenous Community CCNN Indigenous Communities COP Conference of the Parties ENCC National Strategy against Climate Change FEPIKRESAM Kichwa Indigenous Federation of the San Martin Region GHE Greenhouse effects GIZ German Agency for International Cooperation IBC Instituto del Bien Común IKI International Climate Protection Initiative MINAGRI Peruvian Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation MINAM Peruvian Ministry of Environment PAGCC Climate Change and Gender Action Plan PEN Peruvian Currency acronym for Nuevos Soles PI Investment Plan PLANIG National Plan of Gender Equality PNBMCC National Program of Forest Conservation for Climate Change Mitigation PNAA National Plan of Environmental Action 9 SPDA Peruvian Society of Environmental Rights
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