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Quantity of Antimicrobial Products Sold for Veterinary Use in Australia

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Quantity of Antimicrobial Products Sold for Veterinary Use in Australia QUANTITY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCTS SOLD FOR VETERINARY USE IN AUSTRALIA JULY 2005 TO JUNE 2010 © Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority 2014 ISSN: 2200-3894 (electronic) ISBN: 978-1-922188-56-4 (electronic) Ownership of intellectual property rights in this publication Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). Creative Commons licence With the exception of the Coat of Arms and other elements specifically identified, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence. This is a standard form agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided that you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en. The full licence terms are available from www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/legalcode. The APVMA’s preference is that you attribute this publication (and any approved material sourced from it) using the following wording: Source: licensed from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence. In referencing this document the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority should be cited as author, publisher and copyright owner. Use of the Coat of Arms The terms under which the Coat of Arms can be used are set out on the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet website (see www.dpmc.gov.au/guidelines). Disclaimer The material in or linking from this report may contain the views or recommendations of third parties. Third party material does not necessarily reflect the views of the APVMA, or indicate a commitment to a particular course of action. There may be links in this document that will transfer you to external websites. The APVMA does not have responsibility for these websites, nor does linking to or from this document constitute any form of endorsement. The APVMA is not responsible for any errors, omissions or matters of interpretation in any third-party information contained within this document. Comments and enquiries regarding copyright: The Manager, Public Affairs Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority PO Box 6182 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Australia Telephone: +612 6210 4701 Email: [email protected]. This publication is available from the APVMA website: www.apvma.gov.au. CONTENTS iii CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 COLLECTION OF DATA 4 2.1 Limitations 5 3 VETERINARY ANTIMICROBIALS 6 4 TOTAL SALES (TONNES OF ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS) OF VETERINARY ANTIMICROBIALS 12 4.1 Livestock holdings and slaughter data 13 5 SALES (TONNES OF ACTIVE CONSTITUENT) OF VETERINARY ANTIMICROBIALS USED FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES 15 5.1 Food animals 15 5.2 Non-food animals 22 6 SALES (TONNES OF ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS) OF VETERINARY ANTIMICROBIALS USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN FOOD ANIMALS 23 6.1 Coccidiostats 23 6.2 Growth promotants 24 7 ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION OF VETERINARY ANTIMICROBIALS TO FOOD ANIMALS FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES 27 7.1 Overview 27 7.2 Administration in the feed 29 7.3 Administration in water 31 7.4 Administration via injection 33 7.5 Administration via intramammary infusion 34 8 QUANTITY OF SALES BY FOOD ANIMAL SPECIES 36 8.1 Overview 36 8.2 Cattle and sheep 38 8.3 Poultry 39 8.4 Pigs 40 9 VETERINARY ANTIMICROBIALS WITH ANALOGUES OF SIGNIFICANCE TO HUMAN HEALTH 42 9.1 EAGAR Importance Ratings 42 9.2 Aminoglycosides 42 9.3 Cephalosporins 43 9.4 Fluoroquinolones 45 9.5 Fusidanes 46 iv QUANTITY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCTS SOLD FOR VETERINARY USE IN AUSTRALIA 9.6 Lincosamides 46 9.7 Nitroimidazoles 47 9.8 Penicillins and beta-lactamases 48 9.9 Sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidine potentiators 50 9.10 Streptogramins 50 APPENDICES 51 Appendix A - Routes of administration of veterinary antimicrobials to food animals for therapeutic purposes 52 A.1 – Overview 52 A.2 – Feed 53 A.3 – Water 54 A.4 – Injectables 55 A.5 – Intramammary infusion 56 Appendix B - Food animal species to which veterinary antimicrobials are administered 57 B.1 – Overview 57 B.2 – Cattle and sheep 60 B.3 – Poultry 61 B.4 – Pigs 62 Appendix C – Eagar Importance Ratings and Summary of Antibiotic uses in Humans in Australia 64 Background 64 Purpose 64 Abbreviations: 70 LEGEND for TABLE 70 Human uses 70 Reference 71 ABBREVIATIONS 72 REFERENCES 73 CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent), by animal type as estimated (July 2005 to June 2010) 1 Table 2: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent) used in food animals, by purpose and year (July 2005 to June 2010) 2 Table 3: Count of approved veterinary antimicrobial products from which sales were reported, by species type and purpose (July 2005 to June 2010, Ther. – Therapeutic, Gr. prom. – Growth promotant, C’stat – Coccidiostat) 4 Table 4: Veterinary antimicrobials sold in Australia (July 2005 to June 2010), indicating the species and purposes for which some (or all) of the products containing the constituent may be labelled 7 Table 5: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent), by animal type as labelled (July 2005 to June 2010) 12 Table 6: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent), by animal type as estimated (July 2005 to June 2010) 12 Table 7: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent) used in food animals, by purpose and year (July 2005 to June 2010) 13 Table 8: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent) used in food animals, by species and year (July 2005 to June 2010) 13 Table 9: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials used for therapeutic purposes in food animals (tonnes of active constituent, % column total), by antimicrobial class (July 2005 to June 2010) 17 Table 10: Quantity of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent) used in non-food animals, by antimicrobial class (July 2005 to June 2010) 22 Table 11: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold for growth-promotant purposes in food animals, by active constituent (July 2005 to June 2010) 26 Table 12: Total sales of veterinary aminoglycoside products approved for therapeutic use in Australia (tonnes of active constituent, % class total), by active constituent and animal type (July 2005 to June 2010) 43 Table 13: Total sales of veterinary cephalosporin products approved for therapeutic use in Australia (tonnes of active constituent), by active constituent and animal type (July 2005 to June 2010) 45 Table 14: Total sales of veterinary fluoroquinolone antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent) sold for therapeutic purposes in non-food animals, by active constituent (July 2005 to June 2010) 46 Table 15: Total sales of veterinary lincosamide antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent) sold for therapeutic purposes, by active constituent and animal type (July 2005 to June 2010) 47 Table 16: Total sales of veterinary dimetridazole antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent) sold for therapeutic purposes in non-food animals, by animal type (July 2005 to June 2010) 47 Table 17: Total sales of veterinary penicillin products (excluding amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combinations) approved for therapeutic use in Australia (tonnes of active constituent), by active constituent and animal type (July 2005 to June 2010) 48 Table 18: Total sales of veterinary amoxycillin-clavulanic acid products approved for therapeutic use in Australia (tonnes of active constituent), by active constituent and animal type (July 2005 to June 2010) 49 Table 19: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold in food animals for therapeutic use, by route of administration (July 2005 to June 2010) 52 vi QUANTITY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCTS SOLD FOR VETERINARY USE IN AUSTRALIA Table 20: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold in food animals for therapeutic use and administered in the feed, by antimicrobial class (July 2005 to June 2010) 53 Table 21: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold in food animals for therapeutic use and administered in water, by antimicrobial class (July 2005 to June 2010) 54 Table 22: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold in food animals for therapeutic use and administered by injection, by antimicrobial class (July 2005 to June 2010) 55 Table 23: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold in food animals for therapeutic use and administered by intramammary infusion, by antimicrobial class (July 2005 to June 2010) 56 Table 24: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold for therapeutic use in food animals, by species, July 2005 to June 2010) 60 Table 25: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold for use in cattle and sheep, by purpose, July 2005 to June 2010) 60 Table 26: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes of active constituent, % column total) sold for therapeutic use in cattle and sheep, by route of administration, July 2005 to June 2010) 61 Table 27: Total sales of veterinary antimicrobials (tonnes
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