Vol. XV No. 5 May, 1960 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, Office and Consulting Hours: FINCHLEY ROAD (Comer Fairfax Rosdl, LONDON. N.W.3 Mondaylo Thursday 10 a.m.—I p.m. 3—6 p.m. Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096'7 (General Officel Friday 10 a.m.—l p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employinent Agency and Socia) Services Dept.)

^i"* G. Reichmann hatte. Das Wiedergutmachungswerk, das der Herr Bundeskanzler mit der Hilfe seiner Parteifreunde und -gegner ins Leben gerufen hat, wird von den Menschen meines Kreises nicht nur wegen des DER FEIND IST DIE LAUHEIT materiellen Ergebnisses, sondern als Symbol guten Willens und ausgleichender Tat anerkannt. Und doch : trotz vieler hoffnungsvoUer Anfange Zur deutschen Situation von heute sind wir heute nicht zusammengekommen, um uns an Erfolgen zu freuen. Wir stehen vielmehr unter Wie wir bereits in der vorigen Nuininer berichteten, fandeu im Rahmen der " Woche dem Eindruck schwerer Riickschlage auf dem der Bruederlichkeit " in zahlreichen Staedten der Bundesrepublik und in West-Berlin Kund- rniihsamen Weg zueinander. Seien wir ganz offen : getungen statt. Die Redner waren in den meisten FaeUen fuehrende nichtjuedische sie kamen nicht unerwartet. Unerwar.tet konnten Persoenlichkeiten des oeffentlichen Lebens in Deutschland. Das folgende, gekuerzt wieder­ sie eigentlich nur von dem empfunden werden, gegebene Referat. das Dr. Eva G. Reichmann (London) auf der Kundgebung in Bonn hielt, der mit den Verhaltnissen in Deutschland wenig duerfte fuer unsere Leser deshalb von besonderem Interesse sein, weil es das Problem in vertraut war. Wer wie meine Mitarbeiter von der einer Weise darstellt. in der es van vielen Menschen unseres Kreises empfunden wird. •' Wiener Library " in London mit priifenden und sorgenvoUen Augen den deutschen Schauplatz zu .Der Ruf, der an mich ergangen ist, zusammen Darum zirkeltcn ohne Unterlass auch die Gedan­ uberblicken gewohnt ist, konnte zu keiner Zeit ™it Mannern, in denen ich die besten Vertreter ken, die Befiirchtungen und Hoffnungen meiner wirklich beruhigt und zuversichtlich sein. Immer ^6S neuen Deutschlands verehre, auch mein Wort Freunde, die den Zusammenstoss mit dem Un- gab es neben Zeichen der Gesundung auch solche zur deutschen Situation von heute zu sprechen, geheuer des Abgrunds nicht so sehr aus gelehrten neuer Gefahr ; ja, es ist wohl kaum ungerecht fest- jKllt mich vor eine ebenso schwere wie ver- Abhandlungen wie aus der Qual eigenen ztistellen, dass die Gefahrenzeichen sich zu mehren 'ockende Aufgabe. Wer bin ich, so habe ich mich Erlebens kannten. Wir Ueberlebende der Kata­ schienen. Die Vorfalle des Weihnachtsabends und s^'fagt, dass ich die Verantwortung eines solchen strophe—und das soil weder pathetisch noch die sich anschliessende Schmier-Epidemie als einen Wortes auf mich nehmen durfte ? Eine Deutsche sentimental klingen—haben unseren eigenen Tod neuen Ausbruch von Antisemitismus in Deutsch­ 1.1 ich nicht mehr ; eine Englanderin werde ich uberdauert. Wir aUe gingen durch Zeiten einer land zu beschreiben, hiesse darum, sie nicht zutref­ "'Wnals sein, so wahr mir England das Reoht todlichen Lahmung, von denen wir nicht wussten, fend zu beschreiben. ob wir sie uberwinden wiirden. Aber man sagt, ^^' leben gegeben hat, als meine Heimat es mir Was wirklich geschah, konnte hochstens mit der ersagte. Ich bin eine ehemals deutsche JUdin wir Juden seien Optimisten. Un^ so fingen wir tatsachlich an, Schritt fur Schritt miihsam uns vor­ Symptomentwicklung latent immer vorhandener ntischer Staatsangehorigkeit—eine etwas kom- Krankheitskeime verglichen werden. Entziindungen jj ^'STte Erscheinung. vor deren vielfaltigen. warts tastend, den Weg ins Leben wieder zu gehen. Und das hiess fiir uns, die wir die Halfte unseres brachen aus, weil die krankhafte Aniage niemals j^^ gegenseitig iiberlagernden und um einen Lebens in Deutschland gelebt hatten, zugleich, ausgeheilt war. Es braucht kaum betont zu ^sgleich ringenden Loyalitaten mir manchmal wieder eine Haltung zu Deutschland zu finden. werden, dass diese Diagnose einer chronischen 'bst fast bange werden mochte. Es war sehr schwer, vielen war es unmoglich. Disposition ernster ist als die eines nur akuten Anfalls. Aber der Anfall kann zur besseren Aus der Sicht der Emigration Aber wer noch einigen Mut in sich fiihlte, bemiihte sich, an die vielen ungenannten und unbekannten Behandlung des latenten Zustands Anlass geben, wir ^^ Deutsche und das Judische in mir. das, was Heifer zu denken, die den ungliicklichen Gejagten Es will mir scheinen, als habe die fast einhellige, nat "\,8lucklicheren Zeiten unsere " geeinte Zwie- ihr Schicksal erleichtenen und manchmai das emporte Reaktion der deutschen Oeffentlichkeit, Igj*"".' nannten, ist friiher einmal ein seiner Prob- Leben retteten ; und wir dachten an die Manner wenn man sie auf einen Generalnenner zu bringen natik kaum noch bewusstes doppeltes Besitztum und Frauen des Widerstandes, an den Kampf der versucht, gerade dieser Auff^ssung Ausdruck Ze^f"*'*" ^^ wird, nachdem es zerstiickt und Kirchen und an die Treue derer, die niemals in gegeben. Als habe sie begriisst, dass etwas Unter- das grosse Scheinwerferlicht der Geschichte traten. schwelliges, ins Unbewusste Abgedrangtes wieder 2u^ wurde, niemals wieder aus den Tr.iimmern ins allgemeine Bewusstsein getreten sei und dass j^3'"inenwachsen. Aber vielleicht ist es dem (Fortsetzung auf Seite 2) j^JJp 'T>latz auf der britischen Insel zu danken, Enttauschte Erwartungen lich °^"^° Horizont, der sich unter den freund- auft*"' ^"sufdringlichen Menschen dort driiben Dann kam das Kriegsende mit seinen grauen- sich '^^^ '^^^' *^^ friiher Teil ©ines Ganzen war, haften Enthiillungen, mit der Gewissheit, dass wir The Association of Jewish Refugees in jf^r^^lbst nach ihrer ungewollten Trennung noch so viele unserer liebsten Menschen niemals wieder­ Great Britain jfjV?*', aufeinander bezogen fiihlt : dass das sehen wiirden. Wir hatten es bis dahin nioht nori t ^ am starksten bewusst ist in seiner Zuge- glauben wollen, nicht glauben konnen. Auch eheri ^^^ deutsch-jiidischen Geschichte, das damals wehrte sich noch immer ein Rest invites members to its bei d^ Deutsche in seiner Bewaltigung der schuld- unglaubiger Auflehnung in uns gegen die lichtlose y-i'^^Den Beziehung zum judischen Mitmenschen, Endgultigkeit. Aber sie blieb unerbittlich. Damals habe beide eine neue Dimension gewonnen gab ich mich einer wahrscheinlich vollig unwirk- GENERAL MEETING W^t" '^urch die Beriihrung mit der englischen lichen Erwartung hin : ich glaubte, es wtirde ein Aufschrei durch Deutschland tonen, ein Aufschrei on Tuesday, May 17, at 8 p.m. aus H- ^° tnochte ich gleich mit einem Beispiel der Qual und Erlosung zugleich. Noch niemals at 51 Belsize Square, N.WJ Ausff *"^ beginnen. Es war im Jahre 1942. Der nach dem Erwachen der Mensohheit zu einem fand "^ des Krieges war vollig ungewiss. Da wie auch immer gearteten politischen Selbst- (between Swiss Cottage and Belsize Park (jQ^.*'' sich in London auf Anregung meines bewusstsein, zu Freiheit und Menschenrecht war Underground Stations) '^ie x?^"^^" L^'^f^''^' '^^5 Professors der Sozio- ja im Namen eines Volkes, das zu diesem Erwachen akad' ^""""'^ Ginsberg, eines Juden, eine Anzahl hingebungsvoll und begeistert beigetragen hatte, AGENDA dat MI^'^*^^ Forscher zusammen. um sich iiber so Unsagliches veriibt worden. Ich glaubte an die grosse Erschiitterung der grieohischen Tragodie, „diese r "^en Deutschlands klarzuwerden. Die in an die Reinigung, die Neugeburt. Seither haben Report on AJR Activities •^^ Arbeitsgemeinschaft gehaltenen Vortrage mich sachverstandige Politiker und Sozialpsycho- Minarded i ^P^''^'' '" einem Band "The German Restitution and Compensation— Mit|nad Iw*i.. ^ Outlook" zusammengefasst. Einer der logen belehrt, dass ein verstiirtes, hungerndes Volk ^larbeiter.larbeiter.. Professor WilloughbvWilloughby, beendet seinen inmitten von Fliichtlingsziigen und Triimmem zu Latest Developments niit 5P "ber "Goethe in der modernen Welt" einem solchen Aufschwung der Herzen nicht die daj °'«sen Worten : "Wir durfen nicht dulden, Kraft hatte. Election of Management Committee dejj ^^'^ .Gedanke an das. was Deutschland (durch Es folgten Aufbau. Staatsgriindung und Nor- (Executive) du^.ir'^^'''.onaIsozialiMnus) heute geworden i&t, uns malisierung. Es folgte ein fast schwindelerregender blind '° "°^ aufgewiihlten Leidenschaften wirtschaftlicher Aufstieg. Es folgten auch—^und keine davon soil vergessen oder verkleinert werden Election of Board *ied<> "^^^bt fiir das. was Deutschland war und (List of Candidates and further particulars are published Wie r -^^'^ ""'td. Goethe selbst hat uns gelehrt, —grossartige Manifestationen der Umkehr von ein­ on page ij) Zeit P*^bt ubereilte Urteile sind. als er zu einer zelnen wie von berufenen Vertretem des Volkes. Weig. ^ Napoleons Stern im Zenit stand, sich Die in immer wieder neue Worte warmer mensch­ No further notice will be given D ;. ^'f Franzosen zu hassen." licher Verbundenheit gekleideten Anrufe des ersten den '^' o" ^iedergesundung Deutschlands " nach Bundesprasidenten. Professor Theodor Heuss, Non-members are not entitled to vole but will ''arum ^ r^''e° und Leiden" der Gegenwart— durchstiessen nach und nach auch die harteste be welcome as guests at the Meeting ""• kreisten alle Beitrage dieses Forscherkreises. Verkrustung, die sich um trauemde Seelen gelegl Hai;e : AJR INFORMATION May, I960 und sagten ; " Ich habe damals auch mitgemacht. DER FEIND IST DIE LAUHEIT Vieles daran sah gut und richtig aus. Ich habe dann spater gemerkt, wie wir missbraucht wurden. (Fortsetzung von Seite 1) Und weil ich durch eigenen Schaden klug geworden es eine Stellungnahme gebieterisch verlange. In menschlicher Beziehungen i&t es, die die grosse bin, sehe ich heute meine edle, meine heilige Auf­ Deutschland war man, so wird mir gesagt, betroffen Masse der Gleichgiiltigen mit gutem Gewissen gabe darin, euch gegen Versuchungen zu stahlen, itber die erregten Proteste des Auslandcs gegen schl^en lasst; die es ihnen gestattet, mit wahr­ damit es euch niemals wieder so gebt wie damals die Scbmierereien. scheinlich ehrlichem Bedauern von dem " Unrecht" uns." Es will mir nicht in den Kopf, dass ein Das Ausland hatte nicht angenommen, dass die zu sprechen, das leider. den Juden geschehen sei solches mannhaftes Eingestandnis nicht zu voU- Gesinnung, die das blutige Hakenkreuz sym- und das sie natiirlich nicht billigen; die aber ziehen sein sollte. Und wenn es von Tausenden bolisierte, ganzlich geschwunden ware. Aber es nicht seiten hinzuftigen, " man miisse doch und aber Tausenden aller Schichten und Berufe hatte ein Recht zu hotfen, dass sich die Trager zugeben, es habe wirklich allzu viele jiidische vollzogen wiirde, dann ware endlich der verhang- dieser Gesinnung und das Zeichen nicht mehr im Aerzte und Rechtsanwalte gegeben, und schliesslich nisvolle Bann der Schuldverstrickung gebrochen. Volke wiirden zeigen diirfen, dass sie verfemt habe Hitler den Menschen Arbeit und Brot Die Deutschen hatten ihre gei&tige Revolution waren. Dass sich hier plotzlich so etwas ereignen gebracht und die Autobahnen gebaut. Man miisse vollzogen, sie batten ihre Freiheit gegeniiber ihrer konnte wie ein AppeU der politischen Unterwelt. doch eben zugeben, dass am Nationalsoziab&mus eigenen Geschichte wiedererrungen. bei dem einer dem anderen im Verbrecherjargon nicht alles schlecht gewesen sei. . . ." Wer in Es geht um nicht weniger als die Menschlich­ zu verstehen gab : " Du bist nicbt allein—auch dieser unlo&baren Ursachenkette von lahmer Recht- keit. Es geht nicht mehr um die Juden. Was wir sind noch da !"—das wurde im Ausland mit fertigung und Mord glaubt, etwas "zugeben zu friiher einmal vielleicht als ein herausfordemdes grosser Erregung empfunden. miissen ", der versiindigt sich ebenso an den Opfern Schlagwort gepragt wurde, dass der Antisemitismus Eine Stellungnahme also i&t neu gefordert. Sie der Gaskammem wie an den Martyrern, die fUr in Wirklichkeit keine Juden-, sondern eine Chris- darf es aich nicht ersparen, in Andeutungen wenig­ den Glauben an ein neues Deutschland in den tenfrage—oder eine Antisemitenfrage—ist, das ist stens, noch einmal auf das zu sprechen zu kommen, Tod gingen. in neuerer Zeit durch soziologische und psycholo­ was unter der Herrschaft der Schande von Die Deutschen—und das soil kein Tadel sein gische Forschungen iiber jeden Zweifel hinaus Deutschen an jiidischen und christlichen Mitbiir- —sind, so sagt man, nicht begabt fiir Revolu- bewiesen worden. Es handelt sich beim Anti- gem, aber auch an ebenso schuldlosen Mitmen­ tionen. Ein Land des Gehorsams nannte Her­ semiten schlechthin um den Typus der Menschen- schen ausserhalb der Grenzen geschehen ist. der sein Vaterland. Aber immerhin gibt es in feindes : intolerant, aggressiv, fanatLsch, miss- Fiirchten Sie weder Zahlen noch Einzelheiten. Sie der preussisch-deutschen Tradition ein Beispiel. trauisch, bis zur Denkunfahigkeit mit Vorurteilen tun nichts zur Sache. Zur Sache, deren grauenhaft das sich hatte nachahmen lassen : es gibt in der belastet, dabei unterwurfig und autoritar, unfahig einfacher Tatbestand war, dass eine Gruppe schicksalhaften Wende vom 18. zum 19. Jahrhun­ dazu, etwas mit der Freiheit anzufangen—weder entmenschter Menschen im Namen des zum dert, die die Aera der Freiheit und Rechtsgleich- mit der eigenen noch mit der seiner Mitmenschen. Massstab der Menschheit emporgelogenen Volkes heit einleitete, die " Revolution von oben," die mit Es ist der Typ, der zum radikalen Nationalismus der Menschlichkeit den Garaus zu machen sich den Namen Stein und Hardenberg verbunden ist. neigt. verschwor. Es i&t gewiss eine gewagte .Analogic, aber Sie Im Zeichen der iibernationalen Bindungen ist Wir Menschen sind ja eine fragwiirdige Gesell­ werden mich richtig verstehen, wenn ich sage : der Nalionalismus von der europaischen auf die schaft. Zwitter aus Tier und Gott, sind wir fiir auch diese Revolution " von oben" i&t in der Biihne der sogenannten unterentwickelten Volker immer dazu verdammt, im Kampf gegen uns selbst zweiten deutschen Republik ausgeblieben. Nicht hiniibergewechselt. Dort ist wahrscheinlich seine zu stehen, uns "strebend zu bemiihen," iiber uns in dem Sinne, dass es an Weisung von oben gefehlt Stunde noch im Kommen. Der Nationalismus war hinauszuwachsen. Um das Geheimnis Mensch hatte. Ich habe schon erwahnt, welche segens- ein Geschopf der Aufklarung ; er. ging Hand in haben von jeher Dichter, Glaubige und Philoso­ reichen Wirkungen von der StaatsfUhrung aus­ Hand mit Liberalismus und Pazifismus. Und es phen gerungen. Dem Nationalsozialismus blieb gegangen sind. Aber unter Revolution—selbst im mutet geradezu tragisch an, dass seine Verkiinder es vorbehalten, den Tempel des Geheimnisses, in iibertragenen Sinne—verstehe ich etwas Radika- gerade in Deutschland, dem Lande, in dem er am dem sich das menschliche Drama vollzieht, mit leres. Die Abkehr von dem Unrechtsstaat des schlimmsten entarten sollte—die Schiller, Herder, brutaler Hand zu schanden. Indem er sich als Dritten Reiches hatte unbedingter, entschiedener. Schlegel, Humboldt—, in ihren nationalen Visionen Vollender des Menschen zum kraftstrotzenden. in sachlicher und personeller Beziehung griind­ zugleich von Volkerverstandigung und Volker- jugendlich-zukiinftigen Uebermenschen aufspielte, licher ausfalien miissen. frieden traumten, von vollendeter Harmonie im hat er in Wirklichkeit den jahrtausendelangen, auf Konzert freier Nationen. jUdisch-christlich-antiken Fundamenten sich Kein Bnich mil der Vergangenheit mtihselig aufbauenden Prozess der menschlichen Iloffnung auf geistigen Sieg I Gesittung abgeschnitten und zuriickgewandt in die Es hat mit dieser Vergangenhedt einen letzten, greisenhafte Oede der Vorzeit. Liebe, Riicksicht. kompromisslosen Bruch nicht gegeben. Man Sie hatten, konnten wir heute vorsichtig Mitleid. Hilfsbereitschaft sowie die Errungen- schteppt sie hinter sich her, manchmal nurentschul- abwagend sagen, damals das Vorrecht, traumen schaften des Geistes : Urteilsfahigkeit und Ver- digend, fUr mildemde Umstande pladierend, zu diirfen, Es gab ja noch kcine deutsche Staat- standesklarheit wurden geiichtet. Zugunsten manchmal sogar rechtfertigend, immer aber als lichkeit, die sie mit der Pflicht zur Staatsrason, solcher vor- oder doch frilhmenschlicher Ziige wie ein Stiick nationaler Geschichte, das, weil in ihm zum " Sacro egoismo", hatte an die Kandare Kraft, Gewalt und Recht der Starkeren. Wer den auch tapfer gekSmpft und fleissig gearbeitet und nehmen konnen. Ich habe mich oft gefragt, ob Nationalsozialismus nicht so als den Abbau der schwer gelitten wurde, doch eben auch mit verant- nicht vielleicht auch in unserer Zeit der voriiber- Menschlichkeit begreift, der hat nicht verstanden. wortct werden muss. Und in der Tat : verant- gehende Verlust einer deutschen Gesamtstaatlich- was seine Damonie au&machte. wortet muss es werden. Aber nicht mit "Ja, keit eine Chance bietet, tiber sich selbst hinauszu­ aber , , ." sondem nur mit "Nie wieder!" wachsen. Als in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren die ersten deutschen " Pioniere" iiber den Kanal Der grauenbaft einfacbe Tatbestand Sie wissen, dass es in England zur Ehre gehort. ein guter Verlierer zu sein, auf dem Sportplatz kamen und bei uns in der " Wiener Library " in Dieser grauenhaft einfache Tatbestand der Ent- wie im bUrgerlichen Leben. Die Deutschen sind London Zuspruch und Aussprache fanden, da menschlichung scheint mir von den deutschen schlechte Verlierer. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg schien es mir oft, als waren die Voraussetzungen Menschen von heute nicht voll begriffen zu sein. leugneten sie die militSrische Niederlage und einer solchen existentiell begriindeten Neuorien- Sie hatten sich sonst in einem gigantischen Prozess schoben sae " Novemberverbrechem " und Juden tiening vorhanden : Deutschland war geschlagen der Abkehr und Reinigung aus {ien Schlammfluten, in die Schuhe. Den Ausgang haben wir erlebt. und zerstiickt, aber " Europa " war auf ihrer aller in denen sie zu ertrinken drohten, befreien mussen. Diesmal wird zwar die Niederlage nicht geleugnet: Lippen. Selbst wenn die grossen Erwartungen An Stimmen aus ihrer eigenen Mitte, die ihnen was man aber auch diesmal nicht zugeben kann jener Jahre inzwischen in den Miihlen politischer diese Notwendigkeit klarzumachen versuchten, hat und will, i&t, dass man sich selbst an den National- Interessenkonflikte zermahlen worden sind, so es nicht gefehlt. Es gibt heute in Deutschland eine soziali&mus verloren und dass der Nationalsozialis­ braucht doch vielleicht die Hoffnung nicht auf­ hervorragende, geistig-moralische Elite, die in der mus in seiner Kriegsentfesselung und seinen gegeben zu werden, dass auch in unserer Zeit aus Verurteilung der Wahnsinnstaten kein Kompromiss Todesfabriken den letzten Nimbus eines unter dem nationalen Ungliick ein geistiger Sieg kennt. anstandigen Menschen anzuerkennenden nationalen hervorgehe. Aber manchmal ergreift mich die Furcht, dass Idealismus verloren hat. Er war bose und ent- In unserem Jahrhundert trifft Deutschland der die Elite gar nicht fiir das Volk spricht. . . . Im menscht. Aber es gehiirte zu seiner teuflischen lahmende Basiliskenblick nicht vom Westen, son­ demokratischen Staate ruht die Macht bei der Tilchtigkeit, dass er viele gute Menschen zu dem vom Osten. Furcht und Abwehr nach dieser ungleich grSsseren Schicht der Gleichgiiltigen, bei tiiuschen ver&tand, die ihm ihren wirren, hilflosen Richtung gehoren viel zu sehr zu unserem taglichen denen, die von den Ereignissen niemals angerlihrt Patriotismus darbrachten und nicht merkten, dass Leben als dass es uns heute schon gelingen konnte, wurden und die sie darum, wie das Schlagwort sie betrogen wurden. Ja schlimmer : dass sie hin- uns davon zu befreien. Wir stehen mitten in heisst, in sich gar nicht bewaltigen konnten. eingezogen wurden in das Netz des Verbrechens. stiirmischem Geschehen und konnen noch keinen Ich kenne alle Gegengrtinde, die man gemeinhin oft. bevor sie sich wehren konnfen. Abstand gewinnen. Nur so viel kdnnen wir selbst ins Feld zu fUhren pflegt : Das Volk war zu Tode Der Anschlag auf das individuelle Gewissen ist heute schon sagen : Es ist gefahrlich. sich von erschopft; die Alliierten haben psychologische damals allzuoft gegliickt. Ist es aber notwendig, der Schlange lahmen zu lassen ; der Basiliskenblick Fehler gemacht; die Entnazifizierung war verfehlt; den Trick der Schuldverstrickung iiber das Ende ist ihre starkste Waffe. Es tut nicht gut, unver- man konne nicht zeit seines Lebens im Biisserge- des Systems hinaus kilnstlich am Leben zu wandt nur in eine Richtung zu starren ; unter- wand einhergehen ; es miisse endlich ein Schl-uss- erhalten ? Sollte man nicht endlich seine Wirkung dessen konnen die Gegner in unrerem Riicken strich gezoeen werden. Oh, dass doch endlich ein zerstdren, indem man in Klarheit und Wahrheit sich sammein und zum Schlage ausholen. Damit Schlussstrich gezogen werden konnte ! Nicht unter sich als verlorener Verlierer bekennt ? Natiirlich sind wir auf einem gewaltigen Umweg wieder die Abrechnung mit den Verbrechen sondem unter gehort dazu Zivilcourage, aber kein so hohes Mass mitten bei Sinn und Hintergrund dieser Tagung. die Verwiistung der Menschlichkeit, die diese Ver­ davon, dass es nicht auch der Durchschnittsvater Es ware leichter gewesen, mit einer Siindenbock- brechen mSglich gemacht hat und die wiederum oder Durchschnittslehrer aufbringen konnte. Er Parole zu operieren. Aber es ware falsch gewesen. ihr Ergebnis war. Sie ist noch mitten unter uns. miisste nur endlich sich entschliessen, den Un- unwahrhaftig und irrefiihrend. Der Feind, mit Und wenn wir aufhorten, davon zu sprechen, so fehlbarkeitsanspruch daranzugeben. Dieser Unfehl- dem wir es zu tun haben, ist nicht zu person!- ware es nur ein Zeichen mehr dafQr, wie weit barkeitsanspruch ist ohnehin iiberholt und unzeit- fizieren, nicht in einer Gmppe von Hakenkreuz- liber seine zeitliche Herrschaft hinaus der National­ gemSss. Das Verhaltnis der Generationen konnte Schmierem und nicht in einer politischen Macht sozialismus sein Ziel erreicbt hat. in Deutschland geradezu daran genesen, dass jenseits der Grenzen. Der Feind ist die Lauheit, die GleichgliUigkeit in der eigenen Mitfe. Die unvermindert andauemde VerwUstung vater vor Kinder und Lehrer vor Schiiler hintraten \JK INF0RM,\T10N .May, I960 Page 3 FURTHER ATTEMPT TO OUTLAW EVENTS AT HOME DISCRIMINATION BOARD OF DEPUTIES' BICENTENARY Germany and the White Paper which the Federal Following the failure of Sir Leslie Plummcr's Government subsequently published. The Presi­ Racial and Religious Insults Bill to secure a . ^lye Board of Deputies of British Jews celebrated dent of the Board called the White Paper " an second reading, Mr. Fenner Brockway, Labour th }S*"'enary on April 4th by a banquet, at which attempt to whitewash", which view was M.P., has moved " that leave be given to bring the Duke of Edinburgh was the guest of honour. endorsed by other Deputies. in a Bill to make illegal discrimination to the When he proposed the toast of the Board of Mr. H. Diamond, of Ajex, said they could not detriment of any person on the grounds of Deputies the Duke saluted the "true and proud" accept the " hechsher" which the Israeli Prime colour, race and religion in the United loyalty of British Jewry. He described the Board Minister had given to the German Federal Chan­ Kingdom ". ^ . a fearless and devoted protector" of the cellor so long as Dr. Adenauer continued to In his speech in the House of Commons, Mr. Jewish community. The lesson of tolerance, he surround himself with notorious ex-Nazis. He Brockway stated that it was the fifth time he had Warned, must be learnt afresh in every generation echoed the views of other Deputies before him introduced the Bill. It had on all former occa­ 'est the " jungle instinct" of prejudice triumph when he stated that without sufficient evidence sions been given a First Reading, but when it over reason. " This country ", said Prince Philip, that former Nazis and neo-Nazis had been ousted had reached the Second Reading some Members can count itself fortunate in the quality of the from public office, there could be no confidence had not been so acquiescent. He hoped that on "jajor part of the Jewish people who have made in Germany. this occasion all Members who, he believed, 'neir home here." Recalling some of the occa­ Earlier in the meeting Mr. Janner commented accepted the principle of the Bill would sions on which, during its history, the Board had on the resolution concerning the recent anti- co-operate in securing its passage through the intervened on behalf of Jews in distress, the Duke Semitic manifestations adopted by the sixteenth House. He explained that it was a distinguished said that, as we now know. " nothing could avail session of the Commission on Human Rights in white South African who first encouraged him gainst the insane persecution perpetrated by the Geneva, stating that, to his knowledge, this was to introduce the present Bill. If this country f^azis in Hitler's Germany, though much h-umani- the first time anti-Semitism had been specifically wished to influence that Dominion to practise tarian and rescue work was achieved." named as a violent manifestation of religious and racial equality, the best step we could take would The Queen sent a message to Mr. Barnett racial hatred in a United Nations' resolution. He be to pass legislation in the House against racial Janner, the President of the Board, in reply to the stressed the fact that there had been complete discrimination in Britain, fPjession of homage which the Board had given consultation and co-operation among the Jewish Mr, Brockway appreciated that racial preju­ |o Her Majesty. Both Sir Winston Churchill and organisations which were represented in Geneva. dice in this country is much less than in many ^rd Samuel sent messages of congratulation. Mr. Percy Cohen suggested that this example other countries. Nevertheless, racial prejudice j^Part from these three messages, the only other of Jewish co-operation in international affairs does exist and it is wider than many suspect. "lessage which was read out was the one sent should be followed on other occasions. He pointed His Bill would deal not only with discrimination ^y the AJR, reading : out that some important declarations of inter­ on the grounds of colour, but also of race and " On behalf of the pre-war refugees admitted national bodies had later resulted in legislation religion. " It would include the Jewish race and 'o this countrv as viciims of Nazi persecution we by national parliaments. The U.N. Declaration the Jewish religion. I have been disturbed by extend our cordial congratulations on bicen­ on Anti-Semitism and Racial Hatred might, there­ the extent of prejudice against that race and their tenary. We thank the Board for decisive help fore, should it be brought before the House of religion." "t our times of peril, ils invaluable support of Commons, provide an opportunity for a Bill which, he said, could be of greater importance He recognised that racial prejudice in this our efforts, ils assistance towards our inlegra- country, which is aggravated by social conditions '"^n into Anglo-Jewish community." than the present Bill sponsored by Sir Leslie Plummcr. M.P. and particularly housing conditions, cannot be Stat "^ •''""'' Chronicle, in its issue of April Sth, Sir Leslie's Bill, the object of which is to make overcome by legislation. It must, fundamentally, on K ''^'** '' ^^* ^ thoughtful and moving gesture it a punishable offence to insult publicly or to be done by education, experience, and the growth i^tJje part of Mr. Janner, who presided over the conspire to insult publicly any person or persons of civilised conditions and opinions. There was, •JOO guests, to select, from all the many messages because of their race or religion, failed to obtain however, a definite place for legislation if we J-eeived apart from the three mentioned, only one ;i second reading in the House of Commons. The sincerely accept the principle that there should ..£.re—from the former refugees from Germany, Committee decided to communicate to Sir Leslie be racial equality in our land, thus it was that the Queen, her Consort, Sir its support of. and sincere appreciation for, his Mr. Brockway explained that his Bill would ^'^inston. Lord Samuel, and the hunted Jewish public-spirited action. limit legislation to public places and institutions ^tugees who had found a new home in Britain and to social contracts. It would make illegal *f.e joined together on a great occasion." any discrimination in a lease for accommoda­ I^.ihe " warmest good wishes" of the Prime •'KEEP BRITAIN WHITE" tion, and would also apply lo employment or ^•nister were conveyed bv Dr. Charles Hill. Chan- The British National Party has been distributing promotion in employment. tit! of the Duchy of Lancaster, and the Opposi- leaflets headed "The Jewish Attack on Free „w? was represented bv its leader, Mr. Hugh Speech" in the Bournemouth area, referring to DISCUSSION ON RACLiLISM yaitskell. The Israeli Ambassador, Mr. Arthur proposed legislation against racial insults. " The jr^fie, also spoke. The final toast, that of the Jews, their coloured allies and their supporters in Sir Leslie Plummcr. M.P., at a meeting of the 1^ wish communities of the world, was proposed Parliament", says the leaflet, " want to crush all Younger Pharmaceutical Group of the Friends of y Judge Laski, the only surviving past President resistance to the Jewish domination of Britain and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, criticased ' '*ie Board. the coloured invasion. They fear the voice of the those Jews who think that no action should be British National Party which fights for a Britain taken against racial and religious intolerance. The for the British. Hence they are seeking to bring speakers at the meeting included a coloured South '^R'VIMNC; OF GERMAN FORCES IN in a new law to make it an offence even to say African, who is a member of the South African BRITAIN ' Keep Britain White' and to deny free speech Boycott Committee. to anyone who is not in favour of Jewish Many Jews today, said Sir Leslie, took the view Board of Deputies Opposes Proposal domination and the coloured invasion." that such steps as the Bill he was introducing in Parliament were really quite unnecessary and that Fed * suggestion that military personnel of the DISCRIMINATION BY GOLF CLUB it was better that no notice should be taken of train"^^' German Republic may come here for the outbreaks of anti-Semitism in this country. in tk"^ ^^^ been attacked in various quarters .Mrs. Joyce Clyne, a Liberal member of East There was nothing more contemptible than the niontM '^'•untrv. The Board of Deputies, at its spectacle of people who were being persecuted for "'"ly meeting, passed the following resolution: Finchley Borough Council, is seeking evidence of discrimination from Jews who have been refused something which they could not control, cringing the ^'^'^ Board of Deputies of British Jews takes membership of the Moor Park Golf Club. If before the persecutors. "... Fight back," said H v«^'"^°f'gest exception to the suggestion that such allegations are proved, Mrs. Clyne hopes to Sir Leslie. " The world likes a fighter." ^j.'• Go\ernment should afford to the German persuade the Middlesex County Council, which Sir Leslie said that there were those who felt Brir , forces facilities for training within the gave over £32.000 to the Rickmansworth Urban ihat existing legislation was adequate. But many ""sh Isles." District Council towards buying the land now things were said and written in the way of insults leased to the club, to terminate the lease forth­ which did not violate public order at all, but *hicK '^" Freeman, in introducing the motion, with. Mrs. Clyne. who is not a Jewess, says she which were designed to hurt people. He added : the R ^1r. Barnett Janner. M.P.. recommended feels that discrimination reflects more seriously " I am hoping that the police will one day recog­ did '''^ to approve unanimously, said that he upon non-Jews than upon Jews. nise that it is a far greater danger to public peace iitterK '" make it clear that as Jews " we are to shout insults than it is to remonstrate with brin opposed to any proposal which would the man who does so." , S German iackboois into the countrv'". RITUAL SLAUGHTER Mr. Colin Maclnnes, the writer, who also spoke, ^. Althoug h thc resolution was not opposed recti Because of pressure from the head office of felt that it was necessary to counter racial dis­ One"")^ several Deputies had some misgivings. the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty crimination by all interested groups keeping con­ w{,g., Deputy said that they should consider ether to Animals, the Society's auxiliary branch at stantly in touch with each other on an official Public It would not he more prudent to give Scunthorpe (Lines) reluctantly decided to call off and a personal level. Mr. James Cameron, a opinion, which was also opposed to having its campaign against the ritual slaughter of journalist, felt strongly about the recent refusal hefor^" troops on British soil. " a free rein" animals. The conflict between headquarters and of certain boroughs to allow boycott meetings to DenJ5 adopting the resolution. Another the Scunthorpe branch dates back to January, the take place in public halls because of the threat "^^-how ^°''e of a " tragically difficult dilemma " period of swastika daubings. The R.S.P.C.A. by fascists that the meetings would be broken up. with * 'o express abhorrence of the German past made it known then that it was not an anti- Rabbi B. J. Gelles, minister of Finchley Syna­ CJer-,*^' discouraging the democratic forces in Semitic body and regarded that particular time gogue, suggested that educationists should intro­ .^any itself. as inappropriate for campaigning against the duce methods of teaching children about humanity. ^ discussion took place against the back- Jewish ritual method of animal slaughter. It " It is not good enough merely to cure the disease. ''found of the recent anti-Semitic outrages in instructed its branches accordingly. We nrast try to avoid it coming about." Page 4 AJR INFORMATION May, 1960 THE GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN SCENES REPORT BY M.P. Mr. Trevor Skeet, Conservative M.P. for East PROSECUTION OF NAZI CRIMES OBERLANDER'S RESIGNATION Willesden, who recently visited Germany, told a Expiry of Time Limit The West German Minister for Refugees. meeting of the General Zionist Organisation of Professor Theodor Oberlander. has gone on leave. Great Britain that, while at present there was The time limit for the prosecution of Nazi At the time of going to press his official little danger to the Jewish community in West crimes liable to penal servitude of more than resignation was expected before May 5th, when Germany, " there could be certain conditions ten years is due to expire in the early summer the Social Democrats wish to debate the case in operating in the future which could have a of this year. The prosecution of crimes liable the Federal Parliament. It has been announced tendency the other way ". However, he was con­ to lifelong penal servitude will expire in 1965. that the Bonn Public Prosecutor will not vinced that Dr. Adenauer was doing his best to No legislation to prolong the time limit is lay charges against Dr. Oberlander. and that suppress anti-Semitic activities. intended. extensive investigations had produced no indica­ Regarding the appointment of former Nazis to However, according to a statement made at a tions that any part of the " Nightingale Battalion ". Government posts and the teaching professions, recent conference of the Lander Ministers of in which he served during the war, had par­ Mr. Skeet considered there should be an examina­ Justice, there is no danger that Nazi criminals ticipated in murders at Lvov in the summer of tion of some of the appointments. It was felt that will escape punishment. The conference claimed 1941. The announcement concluded that there Dr. Adenauer could have taken further action in that the authorities had seen to it that the was no reason why Dr. Oberlander's parliamen­ this matter. Mr. Skeet pointed out that nobody examination of cases had started in time. tary immunity as a Member of the Bundestag could expect a system of education to change, Thomas Gnielka, in an article in the should be lifted. within a few years, a people who for a long Frankfurter Rundschau, casts serious doubts on The East German trial of Professor Oberlander period had been indoctrinated. whether all the necessary steps have been taken opened on April 20th before the East Gennan in this regard, especially in connection with judges Supreme Court. The Prosecutor has accused THE GERMANY OF TODAY who miscarried justice during the war. Oberlander of crimes against humanity and with the preparation and carrying out of war crimes. Baron von Pachelbel, the Assistant German INVESTIGATIONS AGAINST JUDGES His failure to appear before the Communist Press Attach^, speaking to the London Jewish court has not prevented the trial from proceeding, Graduates' Association on " Germany's Attitude According to a spokesman of the State Govern­ and he has received a copy of the indictment to Israel", said that the new Germany was ment of Lower Saxony, investigations are pro­ against him from East Germany. •' emphatically not the Germany of yesterday ". The East German News Agency has announced ceeding against ten ex-Nazi judges and prosecutors The political situation was not such as would charged with criminal activities during the Nazi that it has been established that Professor Ober­ lander staffed and trained special punitive detach­ allow the Nazis to raise their " ugly heads ". He regime. All ten still hold their posts and, it was claimed that there were now only 9,100 members stated, a final decision on their further employ­ ments intended for the execution of criminal tasks of extremist youth organisations, as against six ment was impossible at the moment since the on the territory of the Soviet Union. He is million members of democratic youth movements. authorities did not possess the complete material alleged, in 1940, to have set up a punitive on all ten cases. battalion of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists in The majority of the German people were Poland, the " Nightingale Battalion ", who, after opposed to anti-Semitism, although this would entering Lvov on June 30th, 1941, killed Soviet always exist because of prejudices caused by NEO-NAZI DISMISSED officials and people of Jewish and Polish ignorance. The recent anti-Semitic incidents in nationality. West Germany had evoked a wave of dismay and The Berlin Labour Court has decided that mem­ disgust and those responsible had been punished. bership with the " Nationaljugend Deutschlands " PRICK'S ESTATE CONFISCATED Israel, stated Baron von Pachelbel, had received is a justifiable reason for the dismissal of an Thc estate of former Nazi Minister of the more aid from West Germany than from any employee of the " Bundesversicherungsanstalt". other country. The employee was arrested in January because he Interior Wilhelm Frick. who was executed as a had participated in the " Sonnenwendfeier " of the war criminal in 1946. was ordered to be con­ " Nationaljugend Deutschlands". At that rally fiscated by the West Berlin denazification court. YOUNG GERMANS COLLECT FOR ISRAEL black-white-red banners with swastikas were dis­ The estate is valued at $33,000. The bulk of played. The organisation has meanwhile been Frick's $2(X),0(X) property in Bavaria was con­ Thirty-two young Germans from West Berlin banned by the Berlin Senate. fiscaled in 1948. undertook a propaganda journey through the "MURDER FOR 'HEALTH' REASONS" Federal Republic in order to raise funds for one- year scholarships for Israeli students at German N.S. LITERATURE CONFISCATED The Wiener Zeitung gives a report, under the universities. above heading, on the acquittal of the former The political department of the West Berlin Volkssturmkommandant Oskar Reitter, who was Police searched eight second-hand bookshops for accused of ordering the shooting of II Jewish FORUM AGAINST ANTI-SEMITISM Nazi literature. Tney found about 600 books and forced labourers in April 1945. The defence pamphlets, including copies of " Mein Kampf" stated that the labourers were shot because they Jewish. Catholic and Protestant students at the and of books by other leading Nazis. The were suspected of having typhoid. Geneva University have organised a forum against material was confiscated and handed over to the anti-Semitism, by way of protest at recent anti- Public Prosecutor. BUNDESWEHR OFFICERS ATTEND Semitic incidents in Switzerland. CHRISTIAN-JEWISH CONFERENCE REVIVAL OF NAZISM IN AUSTRIA A number of young officers of the Bundeswehr were given special leave to attend a three-day At a luncheon of the Foreign Press Association, conference on the Jewish question, held in Ham­ during which correspondents fired many questions burg under the auspices of the Youth Organisation as to why Austria was doing so little against indi­ " Drei Ringe " and the Hamburg Group of the cations of a revival of Nazism in Austria, Josef Young Men's Christian Association. Addresses GEORGE WOLFF Afritch, Austrian Minister of the Interior, declared were given on " The Legacy of the Third Reich " that while the Austrian Government did not belittle (Goesta von Uexkuell), " Ups and Downs in anti-Semitic and neo-Nazi incidents in Austria, it Jewish History " (Dr. Hans Lamm) and " Church was convinced that the Nazis were an insignificant and Synagogue " (Pastor Schmidt). The participants PHOTOGRAPHY minority. at the Conference greatly appreciated the addresses The Minister said that " Sorbe ", the neo-Nazi and ensuing debates, which helped them towards organisation, was planning to hold a convention in a better understanding of the Jewish problem. Vienna in June and that the Ministry was seeking ways and means to ban the conference. The JEWISH TRAGEDY RECALLED FASHION Minister, commenting that the Austrian Nazis A recent issue of Die Briicke, published in were " obviously " connected with an international Munich by the Social Democrats from the organisation, added that their influence should not Sudeten area, carries an article entitled " The be exaggerated. Sufferings of the Jews " by Ernst Paul, in which Jews who had taken an active part in the Socialist ADVERTISING LIGHT SENTENCE FOR AUSTRIAN Movement are recalled. PRO-NAZI " These men and women", states the article, " did not join the Labour Movement in the first When Helmut Riedel, a 36-year-old printer, was place because of their personal economic position. sentenced in Graz, Austria, to four week's Their association with the idea of socialism was PORTRAITURE imprisonment for making pro-Nazi remarks in determined by their ethical attitude." One of public, the judge stated that one should not create them, Robert Kolinsky, a generous supporter of any martyrs, Riedel's defence counsel described the Movement, was arrested when the Germans the law formulated just after the end of the war occupied Prague and, after much suffering, he forbidding any pro-Nazi activity as " a law of the died in Buchenwald. The article also recalls the worst kind dating from a time of poUtical merchants Engelmann and Weissenstein who were confusion ". deported, the author Alfred Kleinberg who com­ 32 GLAROES ST., LONDON, W.l Jewish circles in Austria are most upset, not mitted suicide in Prague, Berta Glas, Lisl Polach only about the outcome of the trial but about the and others, to give only a few examples of the GROsvenor 4746 way in which it was conducted. millions of Jewish sufferers under the Nazi regime. AJR INFORMATION May, 1960 Page 5 AUSCHWITZ SURVIVORS IN U.S.A. NEWS FROM ABROAD In New York, 5(X) survivors of the Auschwitz SOUTH AFRICAN JEWRY'S REACTION ALGERIAN JEWS FEAR SEPARATION concentration camp held a dinner reunion after TO SHARPEVILLE 15 years. It was a tearful, emotion-choked event. The Algerian Jewish Committee has issued the About 1.500 survivors of the camp now live in In Johannesburg, South Africa, a call by Chief following statement: the United States, most of them in New York. Rabbi L. I. Rabinowitz for prayers to be recited '• The A.J.C. for Social Studies expresses its Some 2,000 are in Israel and the rest scattered in m synagogues under his jurisdiction for "political other countries. prisoners ", was vetoed following strong objections deep surprise at the numerous Press reports, originating from various sources, tending to The main purpose of the dinner was to formally raised by members of the Jewish community and launch the Auschwitz-Buna Memorial Scholarship fepresentations by them to the South African question anew the position of Algerian Jews. " It underlines that the Algerian Jewish com­ Fund in memory of those who died in the camp Jewish Board of Deputies and the Federation of and for the benefit of children of survivors. All Synagogues. munity is neither a political nor a juridical nor even a geographical body. In Algeria there is the funds will be contributed by the Auschwitz In a sermon at one of Johannesburg's oldest survivors themselves. synagogues. Rabbi Dr. Kossowsky said that no Jewish party or political organisation likely to speak in the name of the whole Algerian A delegation of six representatives of former he thoroughly dissapproved of involving the inmates of the Auschwitz-Buna concentration synagogue and the Jewish community as a whole Jewish community. This community is made up of French citizens who, when the time comes, will camp, now residing in the U.S.A., was received by 111 activities which in any way bear a political President Eisenhower. The delegation presented character. There was no such thing as a Jewish make use of the rights attached to their qualifi­ cation as French citizens—just as other French the President with a scroll expressing their community political attitude, said the rabbi, gratitude for American aid to the victims. bvery South African Jew was entitled to hold citizens will do. . . ." whatever political views he wished. Algerian rebel leaders have stated that Algerian Rabbi Rabinowitz had, previously, commented Jews would endure the consequences of their AMERICAN NAZI PARTY on the Sharpeville shootings in a Friday evening attitude when the rebels' " Algerian Algeria" sermon, deploring the wanton loss of life. came into being. A permit has been granted to the " American He prefaced a further sermon at his synagogue It is obvious that the report about the likelihood Nazi Party" by the Arlington (Virginia) County "y stating that the " pulpit stultified itself if it did of a separate Jewish federation in Algeria has to maintain political headquarters in Arlington. not comment on topical events in the light of caused alarm. Being a minority of about 150,000. The head of the party, the anti-Semite George phat the preacher believed to be the word of Algerian Jews are strongly opposed to the very Lincoln Rockwell, stated that he intends staging ^od". South Africa, said Rabbi Rabinowitz. idea of being divided from the French community. his political rallies in Washington every Sunday. *as now a Police State " in the full sense of that Many members of the Jewish population of The Party was forbidden to stage political sinister phrase", and the gap between law and Algiers, however, participated in the " uprising'" assemblies in its offices. Jl'stice yawned wider than ever before. He of January 24th. Two days after President de deplored the idolatry of " the completely Gaulle's speech on January 29th, the Algerian SWASTIKAS IN CANADA tinacceptable doctrine of the superiority of one Jewish Committee met for the purpose of sending Ottawa, the capital of Canada, which was rela­ •nan over the other simply on account of the a " message of loyalty" to President de Gaulle tively free of any swastika daubings during the colour of his skin . . . when our idolatry brings from the Algerian Jewish community. The debate recent outbreaks, had a crudely painted swastika confusion and no profit, blindness and ignorance, at the meeting was very heated and a large at last We hear the authentic voice of God . . . and flag hoisted on top of a water tower. The water majority of those present opposed the sending tower is the property of the Notre Dame Ceme­ ?en, and only then, not as a result of the expres- of such a message. It was, however, agreed that fion of our ethical attitudes but as a result of tery, whose officials refused any comment and the leaders of the Committee should see M. did not ask the police to take any action. nard and sober facts ... the voice of God Delouvrier, General Delegate of the French penetrates the husks which have surrounded our Government, and assure him of the support of CAMPAIGN AGAINST ANTI-SEMITISM souls •'. the Jewish community. This was accordingly , Both leading Jewish newspapers in the country done. April 19th, the anniversary of the Warsaw foke precedent by commenting editorially on the The Algerian Jewish Committee for Social Ghetto Revolt, was this year proclaimed as a day iy?st in South Africa. Hitherto the South Studies, which had five members, was then for a worid-wide campaign against anti-Semitism. ^^fican political scene had been regarded as out- enlarged and " reinforced" by four members A resolution to this effect was submitted by the ,"e the scope of communal discussion. The taken from the compact ranks of the " opposi­ Jewish delegates from Paris representing the eH'fj/j Chronicle (England) states that, like other tion ". It is this Committee which issued the French Resistance fighters at the International hite elements in the country, the Jewish com- statement. Conference Against Anti-Semitism, held in Rome cla"k'^ is confused, anxious and dismayed by the early in March. ash of white and black nationalism in South DRAFT DECLARATION ON RIGHT OF The conference, at which representatives of pea, which came to a head at Sharpeville. ASYLUM twelve countries, including Mr. Kozlov, Chairman p *-°nimenting on the disturbances. Chief Rabbi of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R., and a jl^ofessor Israel Abrahams stated in Cape Town A Draft Declaration on the Right of Asylum Jewish delegate from Warsaw, were present, may or»* the problem of the disturbances was far was adopted by the Human Rights Commission at give a new impetus to the fight against anti- plater than the immediate catastrophe. . . . " It Geneva, recommending that U.N. member states Semitism. in ^ JPi'S^otind challenge to the whole population, should base themselves and their practices on fhe A lengthy resolution adopted appealed " to all rac / ''^ multi-faceted aspects, to rethink our following principles: peoples. Governments, religious and political pCial problems and to seek radical solutions. Asylum granted by a state shall be respected organisations " to take the strongest and most effec­ of \? ^^^ °"'y ^^ founded on justice. ... In spite by all other states ; the situation of persons forced tive measures " to counteract the revival of anti- Pre calamity inherent in the present crisis, it to leave their own or another country because of Semitism and neo-Nazi propaganda". It called L^^cnts a glorious opportunity to solve the persecution or well-founded fear of persecution is for legislation prohibiting propaganda of hatred Q|5*'est of human problems—race relations—in of the purpose and principles of the U.N. and of and racial discrimination, and demanded that those ^j, country and to set thereby an example to the concern to the international community ; where a who preached those dangerous theories should be country finds difficulty in continuing to grant condemned and placed outside the pale of civilised and • ^^^ solution will call for great courage asylum states, individually or jointly or through communities. ij'he Chairman and General Secretary of the the U.N., should consider appropriate measures den H African Jewish Board of Deputies have to lighten the burden of the country granting AGADIR RELIEF _,nied that numbers of South African Jews were asylum; no one seeking or entering asylum ^^?S. to leave the country. Mr. E. J. Horwitz, should, except for overriding reasons of national .\part from the money being raised by The security or safeguarding of the population, be airman, stated that the Jews believe that Jewish Chroncle, the Central British Fund for subjected to measures such as rejection or Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation decided Go I-*^ °^ *be land must be obeyed, and the expulsion which would result in compelling him immediately after the Agadir emergency to make th-^^'^nient helped to maintain law and order. If to return or remain in a terrirtory if there is a the*^^ *ere genuine grievances among non-whites, £5,000 available to assist the victims. The \yell-founded fear of persecution endangering his Federation of Jewish Relief Organisations has sent n everything must be done to remove them. life, physical integrity or liberty in that territory. half a ton of clothing to the survivors of Agadir. SEDER RITUAL FOR NAZI VICTIMS Jew ^''^*^'*I ritual in memory of the millions of hgl:^ murdered in Eastern Europe and of the horn^^ ?f the ghetto risings, is included in many Feuchtwanger (London) ltd. Th • '" *he United States in the Seder service, nioh/'*"^' commences with the words: " On this and 1 °^ "^^ Seder we remember with reverence Bankers Eiir 'he six millions of our people of the ^uropean exile who perished at the hands jj a tyrant more wicked than the Pharaoh. . . ." BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 ^L^°es on: " Now, the remnants of our people Telephone: METropolitan 8151 aj/^, .Y'ere left in the ghettoes and camps of the •'°" ^°^^ ^^ against the wicked ones for Representing. the ^^"'ification of the Name, and slew many of I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION Ove ^^^"'"e they died. On the first day of Pass- TEL-AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 52 BROADWAY. NEW YORK. 4. N.Y. un '^^ remnants in the Ghetto of Warsaw rose " agamst the adversary. . . ." 'V.^-j^il'trgr^?i'.^n'vi^:tB SSMMIiiM iH

Page 6 AJR INFORMATION May, I960 Joseph Leflwich THE GERMAN PRESS IN THE TOWN OF PROFESSOR GRAETZ TEXT-BOOKS SURVEYED I was struck by this title over one of his poems had been smashed, and bits of the old tombstone, The Press in West Germany has made a careful in Chaim Leib Fox's book of Yiddish poems which was white marble, still lay around. But a scrutiny of current history text-books after sug­ published in 1951, after his return to Poland as a few weeks before I came a new tombstone had gestions that tbe recent anti-Semitic incidents in repatriate from thc Soviet interior. Many of the been put up, black marble this time. The cement Germany were to some extent due to widespread repatriates found themselves directed to the newly round its base was still fresh. It was, even to the ignorance of the Nazi record. Polonised places in Lower Silesia. The town of words of the inscription, a complete replica of the The trade union journal, Welt der Arbeit, is of Professor Graetz is, of course, Breslau, which is old tombstone, including what is unusual in the opinion that most text-books " promote today the Polish town Wroclaw. It is understand­ present-day Poland, the recording that thc tomb­ nationalism ". There was a tendency to minimise stone had been erected in 1947 by the Polish Nazi crimes and an " entirely distorted " picture able that to a Yiddish poet, to any Jew with a Socialist Party, which no longer exists in the new was being shown of Germany's relations with sense of Jewish history, Graetz's name should one-Party Polish State. Eastem countries. The paper says that the pre­ evoke a feeling, as Fox says in this poem, of The name on the gravestone is spelt Lassal. sentation of " the biggest crime committed by standing in "the shadow of Jewish generations, Germany—the crime against the Jewish citizens generations of Jews", filled with a consciousness It bad not been Lassalle long jn either spelling. Lassalle's own father, who had been Ohaim the of Europe ", is truly humiliating. No attempt is that there was spun the web which drew together son of Wolf, had under the new Prussian law of made to provide an adequate idea of what the the threads of Jewish life through the centuries, 1812 giving rights to the Jews availed himself of crime meant. "the time of my now, and of my people for the opportunity to adapt the name of his native centuries ". town Loslau, and became Heymann Lassal. WHO IS TO BLAME? Flying to Poland on a plane run by one of the Lassalle lies under that gravestone with his The West German teachers' organisation has big international airlines, I picked up the map in mother, Rosalie Lassal, bora Heizfcld, who died declared in a statement that teachers refuse to be my rack and found the town still marked there as six years after him, in 1870. regarded as scapegoats for the anti-Semitic out­ Breslau. The name sticks. Everywhere once-imposing monuments and breaks. They would rather put the blame on After my first visit to Poland in 1958 I spoke impressive marble tombstones had been smashed ; " the failure of the parents and the shortcomings in my article in AJR Information of feeling Ger­ the whole cemetery presented a picture of ruin of German political life". They feel that not many's eye on the city as I walked across the and wreckage. People said to me that they did enough has been done to lay the foundations for bridge over the Oder at Wroclaw, which was not expect the new Lassalle gravestone to stay a sound political education. Breslau, and understanding some of the suUen- very long. For the cemetery is open to the vandals, with no gates to keep them out, and no ANTI-SEMITISM IN SCHOOLS ness in the faces of the Polish inhabitants— watchmen on guard. Some husky young Jews in " they are in the advance line ". Wroclaw said that if a guard would be organised The teachers' joumal, Geschichte in Wissen- Breslaa Today they would volunteer to take tums, but I was whafi und Unterricht, in a recent issue carried an told there would not be enough to make it a article on the difliculties experienced by a teacher On that first visit I found the town drab and regular service. And the cost of putting the in dealing with the subject of anti-Semitism in a ugly, though I noted a few noble old buildings cemetery into repair is prohibitive. I noted the class. While most of the class was sympathetic, that Iwd remained. There had been so much names on some of the most expensive-looking there was a fairly general feeling that " the destruction. More than two-thirds of the town monuments and family vaults that had been half- exercise of the freedom of opinion was risky". had been destroyed, and there was still much smashed—the family Emil Sachs, Victor Mamroth, Hidden resentments were revealed in such remarks rubble everywhere. There still is. But on my Gustav Frankfurter, Heymann Fuchs, Isaac Wohl- as " We've got to talk fair about the Jews today— second visit this year 1 found much more of the mann, Emst Heymann, Hedwig Muehsam, bom anything else is ' verboten'. The teacher too old beauty of Breslau; I also found excellent Schlesinger—all smashed, and big slabs of the mustn't say anything except what he has been shopping in what had been German department marble carried off. told to." Most of the pupils had shown an open stores. In the countryside the fields had a German mind. At the same time, however, there was trimness. The fields are now worked by Poles, time and again an " ominous indifference" con­ but they have fallen into the old patterns. The Large Jewish Population cealing dangerous anti-Semitic resentments. These smaller towns round about had been mostly resentments, the teacher goes on, are not directed untouched by the war, and except that the Ger­ Wroclaw has the largest Jewish population in specifically against Jews but are part of a wider man names have been changed to Polish ones they Poland today, more than Warsaw or Lodz or discontent. " The anti-Semitic incidents must be would be recognised by their former inhabitants Cracow. At one time there were over 13.(XX) related to other symptoms of a certain uneasiness as the places they had known. I found a good Jews in Wroclaw; but many left after 1956, when with democracy and political life in general, with many Jews in these towns and I was told that at there had been anti-Jewish manifestations in signs of a newly revived or altogether new anti­ one time some of them, like the former Rychbach, Wroclaw at the time of the Posen rising. Today democratic ideology, but also to the fact that or some called it Reichenbach and Reichenau, there are about half that number, 6,500. among large sections of the people democracy which were almost completely Jewish, had taken They are not Jews native to those parts. After does not possess the strength and security of a on the appearance of a small Jewish town in the the liberation many Jews who had survived could proven conviction." old Poland. not bear to stay in their old home towns, where they met only desolation and painful memories of 1 did not find them like that now; but there families and friends who had perished. Then the JOINT RESPONSIBILITY are still many Jews in these places, mostly recent movement started to go to Lower Silesia, which repatriates from Russia. I heard people speak Poland was Polonising by sending large numbers The Frankfurter Hefte discusses the perennial Yiddish in the streets, I visited the Jewish schools, of Poles there. The President of the Wroclaw question of how far all Germans must be held where thc language of instruction is Yiddish, and Jewish community, Aschkenasy, was a repatriate responsible for Hitler. " Those who rightly I saw hundreds of Jewish children there. I went from Russia in 1946. Most of the Jews I met in refuse to accept a collective guilt will have to into the homes of many of the Jews living in these Wroclaw were repatriates from Russia in 1946. find the guilt in individuals, especially in them­ towns, and into thc poor homes of the recent selves." Tens of thousands, the article goes on, The later streams of repatriates have also gone in had frantically hailed Hitler's murderous slogans. repatriates, who find things very hard, but say large numbers to Wroclaw and the other places they are glad to be out of Russia. " We of the older generation all bear joint round Wroclaw. They are, as I said, Yiddish- responsibility for Hitler because we are jointly Wroclaw, when it was Breslau, was the third speaking. responsible for the circumstances which gave him largest Jewish community in Germany; in the In the Jewish schools I saw the exercise books his chance and for the moral constitution of the Jewish cemetery I still found intact the monument in which the children did their lessons in Yiddish ; nation which made him possible." It was up to that had been erected to the Jews of Breslau who and they delighted in class in reciting Yiddish " us normal Germans" to stop the new Nazis had fallen fighting for Germany in the First poetry by heart. This was Sholom Aleichem Cen­ from " spoiling our democratic future " by learn­ World War. But always I turned to the building tenary Year, and the children had been reading ing the firm lesson of the past. which had housed the Jewish Theological and acting Sholom Aleichem. TTiey had been Seminary where Graetz had worked. It is now making puppets of Sholom Aleichem characters. the building of the Jewish commimity. Thc On the walls were texts and illustrations from his communal kosher kitchen is there and the syna­ works. So there were in the Jewish Club, and Gorta RadioTision gogue, and thc courtyard is thronged with Jewish in the Yiddish Theatre, and in the Ort workshops, repatriates and their children. and in all thc Jewi^ offices. Incidentally, the Service The Jewish cemetery has been badly damaged, Yiddish theatre in Wroclaw is larger than the and the vandals are still at work, demolishing Yiddish theatre in Warsaw. Warsaw has 400 seats; (Memljer R.T.R.A.) gravestones, mostly to carry off the marble and Wroclaw has 476 seats. Everywhere I heard 13, Frognal Parade, granite for other uses. But the worst damage has people talking Yiddish. Finchley Road, N.WJ been and is being done to thc old Jewish Ceme­ I wonder what Moses Maimon, who started tery, where Graetz and Lassalle and other famous with Lithuanian-Polish Yiddish as hjs language SALES REPAIRS Breslau Jews are buried. The Graetz grave had and dropped it for German, would have thought All Leading Makes Supplied been for a long time without a gravestone. When I of this retum to Yiddish in the Breslau where he Electrical Appliances Stocked was there last summer the gravestone was back— spent some years, and " became acquainted with it records that under it lie Heinrich Graetz and the famous Jewish poet, Ephraim Kuh, who, neg­ Mr. Gort will always he pleased to his wife Maria Gractz, bom Monasch (of the lecting all his former occupations and pleasures, advise you. family of Sir John Monash, of Australia). Tic confined himself entirely to my society". Kuh (HAM. 8635) tmnbstonc over the grave of Ferdinand Lassalle was Bresku bom and died in Breslau. AJR INFORMATION May, 1960 Page 7 RESTITVTIOIS AND COMPEISSATIOIS CLAIMS OF JEWS FROM AUSTRIA The urgency of a speedy settlement of the BERUFSENTSCHAEDIGUNG FUER Es ist hiernach auch fuer diejenigen Geschaedig­ indemnification claims of Austrian Jewish victims * GEMISCHT-DOPPELVERDIENER " ten, die selbstaendige und unselbstaendige Erwerbs- of Nazism was stressed in a resolution adopted verluste zusammenrechnen muessen, um die by the Council of Jews from Austria in Great 40.000 DM Grenze zu erreichen—^womnter Britain (Jacob Ehrlich Society) at their Annual Entscheidung des Kammergerichts insbesondere pensionierte Beamte mit Nebenberuf General Meeting held on April 6th at Zion House, fallen duerften—die Aussicht vorhanden, voUe In einer Entscheidung vom Februar dj. hat das London, with Dr. H. Tauber in the chair. The Entschaedigung fuer ihre Berufsverluste in Berlin resolution also demands that Germany partici­ K.ammergericht Berlin ueber die Auslegung des durchzusetzen. S 113 Abs. 2 BEG., welcher die Bemfsentschaedi- pates in the indemnification for Jewish victims gung der " Gemischt-Doppelverdiener" regeh, WILHELM MENO SIMON. of Nazism from and in Austria, and that they oetnerkenswerte Ausfuehrungen gemacht. In dem receive their full share with regard to all such Urteil (17 W Entsch. 1466/59 heisst es : "... payments rendered by Germany. \'Uer einen solchen Fall der Schaedigung sowohl in BUNDESRUECKERSTATIUNGSGESETZ UND ALTSPARERGESETZ The report on organisational matters by the ^er selbstaendigen als auch in der unselbstaendigen Hon. Secretary of the Council, Mr. J. Fraenkel, Berufstaetigkeit schreibt § 113 Abs. 2 BEG vor, uass fuer den Anspruch auf Kapitalentschacdigung Nach in Berlin ergangenen gerichtlichen and the survey on the legal and poUtical aspects Jtid Rente entscheidend sei, aus welcher Erwerbs- Entscheidungen sind die nach dem Inkrafttreten of the fight for indemnification by Dr. F. L. ^etigkeit der Verfolgte nicht nur voraebergehend des Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetzes erlassenen Brassloff, stressed the need for continued and as hoehere Einkommen bezogen habe. Der Ergaenzungen der Altsparergesetzgebung auf dje intensified efforts of the responsible representa­ ^esetzgeber will den Verfolgten mithin nach den unter dem BRueG erhobenen Ansprueche ohne tive Jewish bodies abroad, in close co-operation ^orschriften ueber die Berufssparte behandelt weiteres anzuwenden. with the Federation of Jewish Communities in issen, die das hoehere Einkommen erbracht hat. Austria. • • -Die Vorschrjft des § 113 Abs. 2 BEG ist Wie das Bundesministerium der Finanzen dem Council of Jews from Germany nunmehr mitgeteilt The Council conveyed to its President, Dr. ^un insofern nicht eindeutig, als zwar fuer den F. R. Bienenfeld, its best wishes and recorded ^spruch auf Kapitalentschaedigung und Rente hat, wird diese Stellungnahrae vom Ministerium anerkannt. Die beabsichtigte Aenderung des § 11, its grateful appreciation of his untiring work for entscheidend ist, aus welcher Taetigkeit das justice and human rights, especially for the ^ehere Einkommen floss, aber nichts dameber Nr. 6 des Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetzes und die Anpassung des § 21 BRueG an die Neufassung recognition of the rights of the Jewish victims of oestimmt wird, ob lediglich der groessere Schaden des § 24 des Altsparergesetzes werden daher nur Nazi persecution in the field of restitution and entschaedigt werden soil oder beide Schaeden deklaratorische Bedeutung haben und brauchen compensation. It acknowledged, with apprecia­ fusammengerechnet werden und lediglich die fuer die Erhoehung der Leistungen nicht abgewartet tion, the valuable support of its endeavours by "jodalitaeten der Entschaedigung aus den fuer die zu werden. a number of Jewish organisations, including the sroessere Entschaedigung geltenden Vorschriften Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain, ~" entnehmen sind. Beide Auslegungen sind naoh the Central British Fund for Relief and °em Wortlaut des § 113 Abs. 2 BEG zwanglos CLAIMS CONFERENCE Rehabilitation and the United Restitution T°eglich ; die zweite koennte naeherliegen, weil Organisation. "as Gesetz von einer einzigen Schaedigung in der Time Limit for 1961 Applications Messages of greetings were received from the ^Utzung der Arbeitskraft ausgeht, auch wenn die Vienna Jewish Community, thc Board of Deputies 2$^haedlichen Eingriffe sich auf verschiedene Organisations, institutions and communities of British Jews, thc Association of Jewish D^ctigkeiten richteten und auswirkten (vgl. § 65 seeking the allocation of funds for thc year Refugees, thc World Jewish Congress (British °tG und § 37 Abs. 3-5 der 3. DV.-BEG, vgl. auch Section) and from Dr. C. I. Kapralik, General "«n Hoechstbetrag des § 123 BEG) und weil nicht 1961 from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany, should file apphcations Secretary of the Jewish Trust Corporation for fkennbar ist, weshalb der in selbstaendiger und Germany. nselbstaendiger Erwerbstaetigkeit geschaedigte by June 30th, 1960, the date of the deadUne. erfolgie, der also jede Einkommensquelle verJor, Applications should be submitted in twenty IJicht besser behandelt werden sollte als der nur copies to the Conference on Jewish Material Be .^it^er einkommensguenstigeren Taetigkeit Claims Against Germany, 3 East 54th Street, yt'^aedigte, in der anderen Taetigkeit aber New York 22, N.Y., and should contain a detailed COMPENSATION FOR SCANDINAVIAN nbehelligt gebliebene Verfolgte. Diese Frage description of the activities for which funds are VICTIMS fauchte aber vorliegend nicht entschieden zu requested. Organisations submitting applica­ •'erden. . . ." Das Kammergericht war der Ent- tions should also include precise budgetary data The Federal Parliament has adopted agreements phcidung enthoben, wcil das Einkommen des and information on other sources of income which providing indemnification payments for Nor­ ^eschaedigten aus der einkommensguenstigeren may be available to the applicants for the pro­ wegian and Danish victims of Nazi persecution. rm^* allein schon den Hoechstbetrag von 40.000 jects in question. Norway will receive 60 million marks and Den­ "M erreichte, es hat aber trotzdem die Gelegen- By the terms of the agreement it concluded mark 16 million marks, to be distributed among ^*it benutzt, seine Ansicht ueber die sinngemaesse with the Federal Republic of Germany, the victims by the authorities in the States concerned. 'iyslegung des § 113 Abs. 2 BEG zu erkennen zu Claims Conference is able to allocate funds only The Social Democrats abstained from voting on bpf •"' ^^^ 'f" bewussten Gegensatz zu der wenig for those activities which contribute to the relief, the agreements, on the grounds that while they ^"ledigenden van Dam-Loos'schen Kommen- rehabilitation and resettlement of Jewish victims agreed in principle to compensation for victims, erung und der darauf fussenden Praxis des of Nazi persecution, in accordance with the they considered the amounts to be paid totally •^ntschaedigungsamts Berlin steht. urgency of need. inadequate.

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LOTTE SCHWARZ BOURNEMOUTH 10 & 24 Herbert Road, ^FURZEDOWN"" DOWNS VIEW the itteal plac* for holidays & convaltscanc* 'Phone : Bournemouth 48804 Bournemouth West Larg* garden with sunshed PRIVATE HOTEL 40. BOUVERIE ROAD. W. DIETS on request. Running h. 6 c. water in all Ist-flr. bedrms. Facing sea ; 2 comfortable Felkestene, Kent. 'Phone: Folkestone 3^A6. Home atmosphere. Continental cookina lounges ; TV ; garden. Mrs. MARGOT SMITH (all diets), Children welcome Well known for our excallent cooking ami homely atmosphere. Gas or electric fires Phone : Westbourne 64176 Mr. & Mrs. H. Schreiber. WOOD ROAD. HINDHIAD, SURRiY in all rooms. Moderate terms. Telephone : Hindhead 335 Prop.: Mrs. J. Comfort. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION May, 1960 it is advanced enough to solve the world's LEO BAECK IISSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS problems. Simmel's desire to find a way out of the AN INTERESTING BIBLIOGRAPHY writer is Dr. Richard Koch, of the Frankfurt boundaries of human existence accounts for his Lehrhaus : preoccupation with religious problems. His treatise Dissertations on Jewish Subjects " Wenn unser geschichtliches Leid aber wieder on the " Personality of God" reveals, in Mrs. kommt, dann wollen wir wissen, warum wir Susman's words, " the religious core of his The Leo Baeck Institute's publications, continu­ leiden, wir wollen nicht wie Tiere slerben, wie character''. It is interesting to note that he ously reported in these columns, have been Menschen, die wissen, was gut und schlecht isl. refrains from giving any definition of a world enhanced by a " Schriftenreihe" published in Aber wir suchen nicht das Leid, sondern den beyond that known to us and he comes to the German under the auspices of the Institute by Frieden. Dass wir Juden sind, dass wir Fehler conclusion that the slightest attempt at a deter­ J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeclc), Tuebingen. The und Tugenden haben, ist uns genug von uns mination of God " oversteps our thinking rights ". series commenced with S. Adler-Rudel's book, selbst und anderen gesagt worden. . . . Das These considerations testify to the philosopher's •' Ostjuden in Deutschland" (see our December Lehrhaus soil uns lehren, warum und wozu wir consciousness of his Jewish heritage, and Mrs. 1959 issue); in the second volume, Dr. Ernst Simon es sind. . . ." Susman tells us that many of his ideas, like that writes on Jewish adult education in Nazi Germany The situation of more than a decade later is about the soul, owe much to his reverence for (" Aufbau im Untergang "), and the third volume pithily described by Dr. Simon : " Waehrend der the Bible. consists of an essay on Georg Simmel by ersten Jahre der Naziherrschaft kuemmerten sich He was fully aware of what it means to be a Margarete Susman. The latter two are reviewed die (deutschen) Kulturbeamten weniger um die Jew, from the sociological point of view. In his on this page. Tendenz des innerjuedischen geistigen Lebens als •' Soziologie " he devoted a whole section to the The fourth volume, to which this review is um die Entgeistigung des deutschen Volkes." position of the Jew jn an adopted society—of dedicated, is a most interesting bibhography of There is something poignant in the fact that " the wanderer who arrives today and comes to dissertations on Jewish subjects, compiled by Pro­ at this fateful moment of our history even a stay tomorrow . . . and has thus not entirely over­ fessor Dr. Guido Kisch (New York) and prayer became an element of "education". In 1935 come the freedom (Gelostheit) of coming and Bibliotheksrat Dr. Kurt Roepke (Tuebingen).* Leo Baeck wrote a prayer, which was sent to going". The authoress, speaking for Simmel. The index records not less than 381 dissertations, all Jewish communities in Germany by Otto Hirsch points to the mobility peculiar to the immigrant classified according to subjects in 12 chapters, e.g. and read aloud on erev Yom Kippur. Baeck and who, through his enforced distance, gets a religion, economics, anti-Semitism, statistics, Israel Hirsch were arrested for it. Here is a quotation deeper and more objective insight into the society and Palestine, etc. It comprises both Jewish and from this historical prayer : around him than the Gentile himself, very often non-Jewish authors, and in each chapter we may " Wir stehen vor unserem Gotte. Mil derselben becoming the confidant of the Gentile, who con­ discern three periods: the pre-Nazi period (1921- Kraft, mit der wir unsere Suenden bekannt, die fesses to him more of what is going on in his heart 1932), the Nazi era, and the post-war years up to Suenden des Einzelnen und die der Gesamtheit, than he does to his own people. 1955. It is interesting to note that, before 1933. sprechen wir es mil dem Gefuehl des Abscheus A short time before his death the philosopher quite a few candidates felt attracted by biblical aus, dass wir die Luege, die sich gegen uns called himself metaphorically " a favourite of the and talmudical law (e.g. " Das Vorkaufsrecht" wendet, die Verleumdung, die sich gegen unsere gods". We agree with the authoress of this according to Jewish Law and to the BGB). The Religion und ihre Zeugnisse kehrt, tief unter enUghtening book that he was entitled to say Nazi period also includes Jewish authors such as unseren Fuessen sehen. Wir bekennen uns zu this because he was spared to live through the rabbinical students. Perhaps the most interesting, iinserem Glauhen und zu unserer Zukunfl." consequences of the First World War and was and also most distressing, chapter is that on Nazi The teacher in the Jewish tradition is always " endowed with the singular power to see this racial legislation, covering about 30 items ; several the man who upholds the eternal values whatever decomposing world as an unbroken cosmos ". dissertations deal with subjects such as " Rassen­ the rabble of his own time may say or do. There­ ERNST KAHN. schande " and one even with the employment of fore he is endangered in times of crisis, or he German domestics in Jewish households. voluntarily shares the dangers of his " pupils". The bibliography will not only be indispensable We read of the murder of teachers like Otto TRIBUTE TO LEO BAECK for research work on Jewish subjects, but is cer­ Hirsch, Paul Eppstein, Ernst Kantorowicz. Baeck's sacrifice was, as it were, not " accepted." We A Publication of the Council of Jews from tainly also of great value for the wider public. Germany W. ROSENSTOCK. shall never cease to admire his courage and heroism, a true teacher in Israel. •Guide Kisch/Kun Roepke : Sehrtften znr GescUchte der The full biography of Leo Baeck has still to Jodco. £ine Bibliographie der in Deutscliland und in der A. ROSENBERG. be written, and it will be one of the duties of Schweiz 1922-1955 erschienenen Dissertationen. Schriftenreihe the Jews from Germany to see to it that this wissenschaftlicber Abhandluneen des Leo Baeck Instituie. DM. 5.80. For Friends of the L.B.I. 8/- (including posiauc). ALMOST FORGOTTEN PHILOSOPHER noble obligation is carried out in an adequate way. Yet time, and perhaps also distance, will be required until this can be achieved. In the SPIRITUAL RESISTANCE Georg Simmel, the author of a famous book on meantime, we have to preserve the great number Goethe and of a " Soziologie" at a time when of smaller contributions dedicated to him which Many of us who were in Germany after 1933 this science had hardly ever been treated systemati­ are already in existence. It is gratifying that the still remember thc lectures, the study courses, and cally, is now practically forgotten. We still meet Council of Jews from Germany, whose President the classes which sprang up all over the country quotations from his works but catastrophic events Leo Baeck was up to his death, undertook this within the framework of Juedische Erwachsenen­ and new ways of thinking have swept over the task by publishing a book in his memory.* bildung—Jewish Adult Education. Not every work of this once celebrated lecturer of philosophy student then was conscious of the " grand design " in Berlin and Strasbourg. The 260-page volume comprises about forty con­ behind the unassuming details. But now we have Margarete Susman has undertaken the difficult tributions by well-known authors. Most of them a little book* which deals with the organisation task of giving a comprehensive picture of this were written shortly after Baeck's death on Novem­ and history of this enterprise, recalls the names elusive philosopher's spirit, and of finding unify­ ber 2nd, 1956. Some were conceived at a later of its leaders, defines and analyses its aims and ing principles in his writings.* In her penetrating date and thus already represent more detached ideals, and, at the same time, puts Jewish Adult study, she considers that he lived at a time when assessments of his work. The book includes Education in the great context of spiritual and the fact of Western civilisation was hardly a obituaries and essays published in Jewish and non- religious Jewish tradition. It recalls to our memory problem, but she also keeps in mind that funda­ Jewish papers all over the world, addresses mental changes have taken place since his death delivered at memorial meetings and messages from long forgotten experiences and personalities. We personalities and organisations associated with Leo are deeply moved to see how a tiny group of in 1918, and she points out that many of his ideas Baeck in one way or another. By collecting this " outcasts" strove to preserve a part of man's are still alive. Simmel believed that life teaches us material from various sources the Council has immortal heritage in barbarous surroundings. much more about true reality than mere reflection. secured its permanency. At the same time, by its We all know from our childhood instruction Mrs. Susman makes us understand that this is wide scope, the book brings to life anew the manv that teaching is the most venerated profession in no biological concept but comes near the modern facets of this great leader of German Jewry. Judaism. Thus we are not surprised that teachers existentialist meithod of explaining the world. " Life came forward to guide, to encourage, to comfort is a limited form of creativeness which continually The publication is enhanced by beautiful photos, the forsaken flock : Buber, Baeck, Otto Hirsch, transcends its limitations." (Simmel.) There is a biographical notes, and a facsimile of Baeck's Karl Adler, Bondy, Kantorowicz, Eppstein, and, force which binds mankind together: social characteristic handwriting. It deserves a place of last but not least. Professor Ernst Simon himself. relationship. Mrs. Susman goes far in calling honour in the library of every German-Jewish Simmel's cosmic relativism towards sociology a family. The vital task of adult education was defined W.R. with uncanny foresight as far back as 1923. The " grandiose attempt to bring a dissolving world to the contemplation of a whole". Sociology * Worte des Gedenkens fuer Leo Baeck. Im Auftrage des * Ernst Simon. ABTbaB Im Uotercant. Juedische Erwacb- enlightens and guides us but it is doubtful whether Council of Jews from Germany herausgegeben von Eva G. senenbildunx im natjonalsozialistischen Deutschland als leistiger Reichmann. Lamben Schneider, Heidelberg. 1959. Verkaufspreis Widerstand. Pp. 109. £1 Is. For Friends of thc L.B.I. •Margarete Susman. Die geisltge Gestalt Georg Simmels. in Grossbritannien £1 8s. 6d. 15/-, plus I/- postage. DM. 4.20. For Friends of the Leo Baeck Institute 6s. 6d.

THE NEW HOMES BUILDIIWG SOCIETY, EAST TWICKENHAM POPesgrove 7402 Chairman : Antbony Marlowe, M.P. Directors : J. Cowen. C.B.E., D. Schonfield, F.A.L.PA.. H. Baron. Wir kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, INVEST IN A SOCIETY WITH A PROUD POLICY. Autographen und moderne Graphik LOANS TO OWNER OCCUPIERS ONLY ! INTEREST PAID FROM 4J TO 4J% TAX PAID Direktor : Dr. Joseph Suschitzky DiiMct Afcats ttarooihoal U.K. 38a, BOUNDARY ROAD, LONDON, N.W.S . Telephone : MAI 3030 -^JR INFORMATION May, 1960 Page 9 Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) ANGLO-JUDAICA WILL ISRAEL'S BEDUIN SETTLE? Council of Christians and Jews The Rev. W. W. Simpson, General Secretary In 1947 the Neeev Beduin population comprised of the Sheikh. The Sheikh is still the mediator of the Council of Christians and lews, at the ?«^en tribal groups, totalling 55.000-65.000 souls. between his tribe and the Government in all Council's recent annual meeting, made an appeal ^R the cessation of the War of Independence administrative matters, but his subordinates know to the Roman Catholics in Britain to clarify their ^uuin tribes began their return to what has that they can appeal to a civil court which will do attitude towards the Council of Christians and P^come Israeli territory, and the wandering back them justice in case he abuses his power. The Jews. The Roman Catholics here left the Council ^™ forth continued until 1950, when a certain Beduin have their inter-tribal court of justice, five years ago because they feared that the search j^^ree of stability was reached. Of the seven comprising nine influential Sheikhs, which is recog­ for common ground might lead to " religious inbal groups, however, two remained in the Gaza nised by the State ; but owing mainly to the fact indifferentism ". J^np, two in the Sinai Peninsula and in Jordan that the Sheikhs tended to abuse their power as Mr. Simpson sounded a warning that " it would ^rritory. and three others were divided between judges more and more, Beduin are bringing their be foolish to suppose that there is no further ?8>Pt, Jordan and Israel. Altogether, the Israeli cases before civil Israeli courts. ground for anxiety " with regard to anti-Semitism. Whilst in Britain there was no organised discrimi­ ^egev Beduin today number 14,500, comprising Women are still subjugated by the men of their ^ parts of tribes. The size of the tribes varies nation, the deep-seated prejudice which found its famihes and sold in marriage by their fathers. expression in quite unexpected places, such as p?^Wy, ranging from 60 persons in the smallest At the same time the increasing number of " volun­ '"he to some 2,400 in the largest. social and sports clubs, must not be overlooked. tary kidnappings " (when a girl has been kidnapped The Archbishop of Canterbury, Senior President The headquarters of all tribal groups whose by a man her father will in most cases give his of the Council, presided over the meeting. The "iiembers live in Israel have remained in Egyptian blessing to the marriage later—usually such a kid­ Chief Rabbi, in his address, said that rather than J^ Jordanian territory, a fact which, considering napping is carried out with the girl's consent), indi­ talk of the anti-Jewish manifestations, he would V'*. Beduin blood-relationship loyalty and soli- cates a growing wish for emancipation. The high speak " with much thankfulness and gratitude" *'"'ty, has encouraged them over and over again " bride-money " and the monogamy enforced by of the universal reaction to them on the part of ° "^oss the borders, and very often to get their Israeli law are also slowly influencing the Beduin all men of good will. roers from their chiefs in the countries which pro- to give up their polygamous customs. 'aim their constant enmity towards Israel. Beduin dress has not changed with the years. Glasgow Bans Film on Nazis The efi'ect of the separation of tribes and tribal The young men who go to work outside the sroups has started a process of disintegration of the Beduin area very often wear Western dress, only Three documentary films purporting that Nazi :'?^'tional frameworks, with the result that the to change back into traditional clothes when they officials now hold high Government posts in the nties which inhabit Israeli territory have become retum home. The only novelty that has taken West German Government, have been refused "jore consolidated, and somewhat more indepen- root is shoes. a showing in Glasgow by Glasgow magistrates. j^nt of their parent-communities across the Traditional Framework World Refugee Year 1 ifu^^ ^-egev Beduin today inhabit an area of The traditional framework has been preserved, •JOO square kms., which constitutes about 5 per and the importance of a clan or a tribe is stil! As a result of a bread and cheese luncheon held J^' of the total area of the State of Israel, in a by the Glasgow Jewish Committee, about £200 "angle lying between Beersheba, Sodom and measured by the size of its property and the num­ ber of its men. Especially significant is the decline was raised in aid of World Refugee Year. More j^^ivim. The borders of this area are the Israeli- than 400 people were present. Ofaanian and Israeli-Egyptian borders of the in the number of crimes among the Beduin. ^gev. Because of this it is considered and defined including blood feuds, which are still practised, s a security zone and thus placed under militarv but to a much lesser extent than ten years ago. Lord Provost Resigns government. The Compulsory Education Law for all citizens between the ages of 5 and 14 has resulted in the Sir Myer Galpem, M.P., resigned from the opening of five elementary State schools in the office of Lord Provost of Glasgow on April 4th— Social Changes Beduin centres. The implementation of this law a month earlier than he intended—to avoid a AH has met with difficulties, owing to the fact that by-election in the Shettleston and Tollcross Ward, earn 1 ^Sficultural work, apart from ploughing with girls are barred from attendance at school by force where his term of office is not due to end until trad'*-' ^^ done by the women, as prescribed by of tradition and that the boys are required to work May, 1961. Besides being the first Jew to occupy Wo J'^^' ^'^^ ^^^ ^^^^ '^^' ^^^ '"^^ consider this as shepherds for their fathers. Despite all efforts the office of Lord Provost in Scotland, Sir Myer stit ^^ despicable and beneath their dignity con- to encourage study, it is estimated that only some is also the first Glasgow-born Jew to receive a tur '^* a handicap to developing Beduin agricul- 6 per cem of Beduin children attend school. The knighthood. ^J^- There are, however, signs of some change nomadic conditions, too, are a discouraging factor, of tJ?^ place beneath the surface: the appearance as few teachers would volunteer to wander with Jewish Book Week Pro H ^''^*^'°'"> which the young Beduin is especially the tribes in order to teach the children. So far r^°ud to drive and handle, the patient instruction only the sons of the richer Sheikhs have enjoyed The Adolph Tuck Hall at Woburn House was {j "^^^^hanised agriculture conducted by the Minis- the benefit of secondary education—mainly in the scene of colourful exhibits and attractive th f Agriculture and the Negev kibbutzim, and private institutions. There are still no Beduin displays of books during the eight annual Jewish y * '°rmation of an agricuhural co-operative of Book Week held recently. As in the past. Book IjjJJ'S Beduin for the common cultivation of their teachers, and the teachers come from among the town or village Arab population. Week was a co-operative effort of the Jewish Perhaps the greatest achievements in Israel's Book Council and various other communal of^^'^'^aps the most marked among the processes efforts to convince the Beduin of the benefits of organisations. Social change is the gradual decline in the status civilisation have been in the sphere of heahh services. While in 1949, when these services were Ben Uri Art Society initiated, their organisers met with distrust among the Beduin, who practised witchcraft and went to It is hoped that the Ben Uri Art Society, which dervishes, today the clinics established in the has had to close its gallery at 14 Portman Street, W.l, will get a new lease of life and become a l^our House For :- Beduin centres have their hands full. much more important institution in Anglo-Jewry The Israeli authorities aim at improving the when it finds new premises. The newly elected standard of living of the Beduin and of integrating President, Dr. Alec Lemer, at the Society's annual CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO them more fully in the life of the country. This meeting spoke of launching major appeals to the involves a long and arduous process, beset by community for a £30,000 building fund and a UPHOLSTERY difficulties, such as developing water resources and £20,000 fund to purchase the works of living preparing the Negev land for cultivation on the Jewish artists. Miss Harriet Cohen, the concert one hand and overcoming the obstacles represented pianist, has consented to become the Patron of by the age-old Beduin traditions, customs and the Society's Music Section. SPECIALITY —— -rr^— prejudices on the other. The first problem is expected to be solved by 1964, on the completion of the Jordan-Negev pipeline, which will bring Wolfson Grant to Old Yic CONTINENTAL DOWN water to this arid area from the North. At first drinking-water reservoirs will be erected for thc The Old Vic Theatre has received £10,500 from QUILTS ! Beduin and their livestock so as to ehminate the th: Isaac Wolfson Foundation, to be used to material cause of their nomadic existence. The acquire the freehold of a new annexe to the ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS next step will be the planning of villages, which theatre. will be based on irrigated cultivation of land. It is ESTIMATES FREE hoped that with the passing by the Knesset within Jewish Aid For Catholic Chapel the next few months of the Beduin Settl^ent Law, DAWSON-LANE LIMITED provision will be made for the beginmng of this The Hon. Mrs. Stonor has publicly expressed project. The final realisation of the plan is her gratitude to those of the Jewish faith who 17, BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK expected to take no less than ten years. The have assisted by gifts in the reopening of the Telephon* : ARN. 6671 example of thousands of semi-nomadic Arabs who historic fourteenth-century Roman Catholic chapel have settled down jn Northem Galilee to a com­ of the Stonor family at Stonor, near Henley-on- ^•nonol oltMition of Mr. W. Schochn plete farmer's hfe has shown that with the pro­ Thames. The whole family has been deeply vision of water and suitable material conditions touched by this evidence of Jewish regard for tradition and prejudice may be modified. traditional monuments. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION May, I960 Ernst Simon (Jerusalem) Die lang schwelende Spannung kam am Jom Kippur 1946 zu offenem Ausbruch. Kurz vorher hatte eine juedische Terroristengruppe einen Fluegel des King David Hotels, der von der Mandats- "A CONSCIENTIOUS DISSENTER" regierung fuer Bueroraeume benutzt wurde, in die Luft gesprengt. Ueber 80 Toite und 50 Verwundete waren die Opfer, Juden, Englaender und Araber. Kurt Wilhelm zum 60. Geburtstag (9. Mai 1960) Rabbiner Wilhelm hatte den Mut, bei der Seelenfeier alle Namen zu verlesen. nicht nur die Vor einigen Jahrzehnten wurde das politische Dortmund, allmaehlich immcr staerker in den der Juden. Dieser Akt des Glaubensernstes, der Vocabular um einen neuen Begriff bereichert, den Vordergrund itretend durch Predigten, Vortraege vor dem einen Gott der Weltschoepfung an dem des " conscientious objector ". So nennt man die und Aufsaetze. in der Jugendarbeit und der Tage, der ganz seinem Dienste gewidmet ist, keine " Kriegsdienstverweigerer aus Gewissensgruenden ". Erwachsenenbildung. Kurz nach Hitler's Machtan- Glaubens—und Rassenunterschiede kennt, wurde Es sind fast ausschliesslich moralisch hochstehende tritt uebersiedelt der langjaehrige, Zionist nach mit offenem Murren aufgenommen. Menschen, die, aus Verantwortung fuer ihr Erez Israel. Schwere Jahre folgen. in denen der eigenes Volk, an dessen Kriegsvorbereitungen und Aufbau einer Existenz, von einer besonders Diese Darstellung, die einmal gegeben werden kriegerischen Handlungen nicht teilzunehmen tapferen Frau unterstuetzt, nur langsam gelingt. mussite und zu der Kurt Wilhelms 60. Geburtstag wuenschen und sich lieber schweren persoenlichen Die Gruendung der Jerusalemer Gemeinde " Emeth der geeignete Zeitpunkt ist, soil nicht den Eindruck Misshelligkeiten aussetzen. Nichts ist unsinniger we Emunab" kann den Existenzkampf kaum erwecken, als ob er nicht haette in Israel und bei als der Vorwurf der Feigheit, der ihnen gelegentlich erleichtern, da der von ihr erfasste Kreis seiner Gemeinde bleiben koennen. Trotz aller gemacht wird. Der Entschluss. nicht mit den ehemaliger deutscher Juden klein bleibt. Es zeigt Meinungsverschiedenheiten hielt sie ihm die Treue Andcren in die Schlacht zu ziehen, erfordert eine sich, dass fuer viele, vielleicht die meisten, nicht und haette sich nicht von ihm getrennt. Aber bei ganz besondere Art von Mut, die nicht geringer ist, gesetzestreuen Juden aus Deutschland der ihm selbst war nun die seelische Grundlage als die des Soldaten. insbesondere nicht im Zusammenhang mit der Synagoge eher sozialen erschuettert, die widerstandsfaehig genug gewesen Zeitalter des totalen Krieges. als authentisch religioesen Charakter trug. Nun. waere. um die faktischen, vor allem aber die Die Haltung dcr conscientious objector ist aber im juedischen Land, brauchten sie die Synagoge moralischen Umwaelzungen ertragen zu koennen, nicht die einzig denkbare fuer friedenswillige nicht mehr, um jhr Beduerfnis nach juedischer die der juedisch-arabische Krieg im Gefolge der Menschen. Es gibt unter ihnen solche, die Gemeinsohaft zu erfuellen. Dieses wurde durch Staatsgruendung mit sich brachte. So folgte er mit grossem Einsatz fuer die Bewahrung und weit staerkere Faktoren als die Synagoge genuegend dem ehrenvollen Ruf, das durch Markus Foerderung des Friedens einstehen, aber in befriedigt. Um es ganz kurz zu sagen: wer in Ehrenpreis' Hinscheiden frei gewordene Ober- bestimrrrten Randsituationen keine Moeglichkeit Israel religioes sein will, muss religioes sein. rabbinat von Schweden anzutreten. sehen, einen integralen Pazifismus konsequent waehrend die sogenannte Religiositaet in den Seitdem hat Kurt Wilhelm nicht aufgehoert, der durchzufuehren. Tritt der Kriegsfall ein, so Laendern der Diaspora, frueher in Deutschland, Sache der juedischen Gesamthcit zu dienen, die werden sie ihn nach der jeweiligen Situation heute in beiden Amerikas, sehr haeufig den immer seine ganz persoenliche ist. Wer sich beurteilen und aufgrund ihres Urteils ihre Charakter einer sozialen Ersatzreligion traegt. seinen Weg selbst waehlt, wird es nie leicht haben, Entscheidung treffen. und man kann unserem Freunde auch fuer die Kurt Wilhelmi ist religioes und noch dazu in Zukunft keine geebneten Hauptstrassen prophe- einer Weise, die ihn einem klcinen Kreise besonders zeien. Die scheinbar leichte Art, mit der er Yehnda Magnes als Vorbild lieb macht, aber dje Vielen vor den Kopf stiess. die Dinge nimmt oder gar an sich herankommen Immer mehr wurde er ein conscientious dissenter. Zu diesem vielleicht noch selteneren Typus laesst, verhuellt nur dem Feraerstehenden die Das kam vor allem in den Jahren hoechster Schwierigkeiten, die er sich selber macht und gehoerte der verstorbene grosse amerikanische nationaler Spannung zum Ausdruck. als die Jude. Dr. Yehuda Magnes, der eigentliche mcist, wenn auch vielleicht nicht immer, machen juedische Bevoelkerung in Palaestina einen muss. Umso erstaunlicher und erfreulicher ist Begruender und erste Praesident der Hebraeischen Zweifrontenkrieg gegen die englische Mandatar- Universitaet Jerusalem. Er war ein so entschiedener da-ss er zu einer sehr ansehnlichen objektiven macht und den aktivistischen Teil der arabischen Lebensleistung gelangt ist. Gerade in Stockholm Gegner des ersten Weltkrieges, dass seine Majoritaet im Lande fuehrte. Wilhelm gehoerte oeffentlichen Ansprachen auf Grossstadtplaetzen ist ihtn die Musse geworden, weitere gediegene zu dem Kreis des " Ichud", der unter der wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zu veroeffentlichen, in unter der Drohung auf ihn gerichteter Gewehr- Fuchrung von Dr. Magnes glaubte, einen fried­ den drei Sprachen, die er beherrscht: deutsch, laeufe durchgefuehrt wurden und dass amerika­ lichen Ausweg aus diesem Zweifrontenkriege hebraeisch und englisch. Seine Studien zur nische Gemeinden und Organisationcn ihn zeigen zu koennen. Den Englaendern sollte die Geschichte der Palaestinaeinwanderung, der abschuettelten, die in ihm bisher cinen ihrer Moeglichkeit gegeben werden, das Haus des Soziologie der Juedischen Gemeinde, der bedeutendsten Repraesentanten gesehen hatten. juedischen Nationalheims auszubauen und fuer Geschichte des juedischen Gebets und der Struktur Im zweitcn Weltkrieg, dem gegen Hitler, acnderte juedische Einwanderung, besonders aus den der juedischen Wissenschaft haben ihm einen wohl er seine praktische Haltung und damit auch seine bedrohten Laendern Mitteleuropas, offen zu halten. verdienten Ruf als Honorarprofessor an die grundsaetzliche Einstellung. Da er einen Krieg indem der Jischuw afctiv bereit war, die Hypothek Universitaet Frankfurt a.M. verschafft. Seine erleben musste, den er als tragische Notwendigkeit des arabischen Widerstandes, die auf diesem Haus dortige Tactigkeit uebt er neben seinem Hauptamt zu bejahen hatte, konnte er kein prinzipieller lag. fricdiich abzutragen. Das war der cigentliche in Stockholm und neben seiner Mitarbeit im conscientious objector mehr bleiben, dem alle pohtische Sinn der viel umstrittenen Formei vom wissenschaftlichen Vorstand des Leo-Baeck-Insti- Faelle gleich sind. Der eine grosse Ausnahmefall " bi-nationalen Staat". Ohne sie sich in jeder tuts aus. zerstoerte ihm den allgemein gueltigen Gesetzes- Phase und in jedem Detail zu eigen zu machen. charak'ter der unbedingten Kriegsablehnung. So war das auch Georg Landauers Konzeption, der Ein Volk. das wie das unsere nach langer wurde er aus einetn conscientious objector ein ebenfalls zu Kurt Wilhelms Freunden gehoerte. Zerstreuung die kampfreiche Anstrengung macht, conscientious dissenter, wenn dieser Ausdruck sich territorial zu konzentrieren, braucht gerade erlaubt ist. Kurt Wilhelm is einer der treuesten in solcher Stunde Maenner. die scheinbar an Schucler von Dr. Magnes, gerade auch in dieser Kampf mit religioesen Mitteln seine Peripherie ruecken, weil sie in seinem Haltung. Er ist niemals cin 100% iger Dogmatiker Als Rabbiner fuehrte Dr. Wilhelm diesen Kampf geistigen Zentrum wurzeln. Sie sind keine con­ gewesen, in kejnem Lebensbezirk, weder dem nur nebenbei mit politischen. sondem wesentlich scientious objectors; sie verweigera den Diensit religioesen noch dem politischen oder sozialen. In mit religioesen Mittcln. Seine Predigten hielten nicht. Sie sind conscientious dissenters; sie tun Magdeburg geboren, aus assimiliertem Eltcrahaus sich von propagandistischen Methoden frei. den Dienst, aus jener Distanz, die oft die echte stammend, findet er in einer ganz persoenlichen brachten aber seine persoenlich erkacmpfte Naehe ist. Anstrengung den Weg zum religioesen und Grundanschauung unzweideutig zum Ausdruck. Einer der besten von ihnen ist Kurt Wilhelm. nationalen Judemum. Er reihte sich damit Sie konnten sich auf eine umfassende und zunaechst nur eincr kleinen Schar juedischer fundierte Kenntnis dcr juedischen Traditionsquellen DR. MORITZ GOLDSTEIN (INQUIT) gO Intellektueller in Deutschland ein, die einen stuetzen. Immer wieder hoerte man cine aehnlichen Weg gingen. Sehr bald aber macht sich ueberraschende aber nicht gezwungene Deutung das fuer Wilhelm eigentlich Charakteristische The well-known author and journalist. Dr. eines Bibelwortes, eines Midrasch, einer liturgischen Moritz Goldstein (Inquit), recently celebrated his bemerkbar. Er begnuegt sich nicht mit dem Formei, ciner historischen Quelle. In ihrer Auswahl vortrefflichcn Lchrgut, welches das Brcslauer 80th birthday in New York. He was attached to und der Art ihrer Erklaerung drueckte der the Ullstein publishing firm, where he acted as law Seminar zu geben hat, sondem gcht als Student Prediger sich selbst aus; durch dieses Medium an das konservative Jewish Theological Seminary reporter in succession to Sling (Schlesinger). suchte er seine Gemeinde zu erziehen. Dr. Goldstein emigrated to Italy in 1933, then in New York. War in Breslau sein Hauptlebrer Man wird nicht sagen duerfen, dass ihm dies wahrscheinlich Prof. Isaak Heinemann s.A., so to England and the United States. His works gelungen sei. Es war eine Aufgabc, die nicht include the essay " Deutsch-Jucdischer Parnass " geriet er in New York vor allem unter den gelingen konnte. Es handelte sich um eine in Einfluss von Prof. Israel Davidson s.A. Sein published in the Kunstwari (1912), which caused ihrer Struktur buergerliche Gemeinde, deren widespread discussion on thc position of Jews in wissenschaftliches Interessengebiet erweitert sich Mitglieder, in bester Absicht und mjt gutem dadurch und bekommt einen neuen Schwerpunkt: Germany's cultural life. The history and reper­ Gewissen, den Weg in die sich neu bildende cussions of the essay are vividly dealt with by neben dem theologisch-philosophischen den nationale Gemeinschaft finden wollten, oachdcm liturgisch-literaturwissenschattlichen. Wilhclms Dr. Goldstein in an article published in the Leo sie soeben den Schock der gewaltsamen Baeck Institute's Yearbook 1957. Studien in zwei Kontinenten machen ihn nicht Ausstossung aus ihrer frueheren Gemeinschaft, der nur mit zwei grossen Zentren des westlichen deutschen, crlebt hatten. Um es paradox zu Judentums und ihren Problemen bekannt, sondem sagen: Wilhelms Gemeindemitglieder waren in zu DR. KARL SCHWARZ 75 fuehren ihn auf verschiedenen Wegen in den geringem Masse Zionisten gewesen, um nun Gesamtraum der " Wissenschaft vom Judentum " zusammen mit ihrem Rabbiner zionistische The art historian. Dr. Karl Schwarz, celebrated deren Ertrag und Forschungswege er bald so dissenters aus Gewissensgruenden werden zu his 75th birthday on April 22nd. He was the beherrschen wird wie nur wenige seiner Generation. koennen. Sie suchten den neuen Anschluss, den Director of the Jewish Museum from 1933 and, Mit dem amerikanischen Rabbinerdiplom und sie brauchten. jn einer Hundertprozentigkeit, die after his emigration, became head of the Tel Aviv dem deutschen Doktorat ausgestattet. vcrsicht er ihncn ihr geistiger Fuehrer, aus Gewissensgruenden, Museum. His works include a book on " Juden erfolgreich die Rabbinate in Braunschweig und nicht geben konnte. in der Kunst", published in 1928. AJR INFORM.ATION May, I960 Page II PERSONALIA Old Acquaintances AN INTERVIEW WITH RAHEL STRAUS During the course the women were taught to prepare food for large numbers of people in Germany: Lotte Lenya has arrived in Frankfurt b?KH '^^^^^ Straus recently celebrated her SOth order to enable them not only to work for from the States to sing " Die sieben Todsuenden " '""^^y in Jerusalem, where she now lives, sur- private households but also for kibbutzim and by Brecht and Weill.—Fritz Lang, whose pre-Hitler ounded by her children, grandchildren and a restaurants. The food was served to needy people film " M ", with Peter Lorre, has Iseen revived with ^rge circle of friends. She was one of the first for a small sum. Up to 400 people were fed great success, will direct " Die 1000 Augen des Dr. omen students to study medicine at a German every day and more than 100 women were thus Mabuse" for Brauner.—Friedrich Hollaender is Vj'versity, and she spent her married life in trained. working on " Die Wohlstandsoper". a new •^uiiich, where her husband. Eli Straus, was A clothing and furniture storeroom was founded musical, for production in his own theatre in ^nairman of the Jewish Community. Her many simultaneously with a distribution centre for Munich.—W. Dieterle is directing Zuckmayer's fiends and admirers in this country will surely second-hand clothing and furniture. The furni­ •' Fastnachtsbeichte ", with Hans Soehnker.—At cicome the opportunity of joining us in our ture was renovated and painted by pupils, and Munich's Kleine Freiheit, Trude Kolman will pro­ (^"^atulations to Rahel Straus, and in our hopes was sold very cheaply. It was a principle never duce " Die Dame in Bonn ", by Erich Kuby, who n„ J ^^ *'" for many years continue in the to give away things free of charge. Dr. Straus wrote •' Rosemarie ".—Alfred Braun produced good work she is doing. "Die goettliche Jette". with Lucie Mannheim. says people value their belongings more if they Paul Westermaier and Egon Brosig, on TV in When she was interviewed by Mrs. Eva pay for them. Also, it strengthens their feelings Berlin.—Peter Gorski will direct Gustaf "J'chaelis at her home in Jerusalem, her first of dignity if they are not treated like beggars— Gruendgens' production of " Faust" on the screen question was why it was thought worth while a fact which was of special importance for the with Quadflieg, Schomberg and, of course, J.g ^r^'ewing her. Mrs. MichaeUs stated she had Middle European immigrants who had seen much Gruendgens.—Peter Zadek of London will direct witK u ^^^' Straus's memoirs, which concluded better days and were very sensitive about it. The the T.V. production of "The Lady in the Black sir i^ ^•'y'» '" '933. In Jerusalem she had clothing was cleaned, mended and altered, and Robe ". Mi K^ I** '" building up a new life and Mrs. whilst volunteers were mostly used, the centre of R K'^ wanted especially to recall that part also provided work for dressmakers, laundresses and carpenters. Unfortunately, the income did Home NeiBS :—Egon Jameson gave a hilarious for tK ' ^^''^"''s social work which was created lecture on London curiosities for " Club 43 ". The init' t ^"^^ '"'"* '" Jerusalem through her not cover the expenditure and, to Dr. Straus's great regret, this essential work could not be packed audience laughed from beginning to end. wo^k^'n' .Straus told Mrs. Michaelis that she had kept up. Dr. Straus feels that the work would On May 16th Gabriele Tergit will give a reading Was ^n '" ^^^ profession as a doctor until she be even more urgent now for the Oriental immi­ to the Club from her new novel " Die able t Inuring the last twenty years she was grants, and she has not given up hope that the Vertriebenen".—Marcella Salzer took part in a ine (devote all her time and energy in assist- idea will be revived. spoken anthology of English poetry introduced by exri, "^V immigrants—at the time almost One of Dr. Straus's most important and suc­ Clifford Dyment at the Royal Festival Hall.— ainTJ'^'^ly refugees from Nazi Germany. She cessful creations is her " pet child ", the weaving Robert Stolz came from Vienna to conduct his knowi ^^ teaching those without professional school for defective children, which she heads on entry in the European song competition, and to them ^ ^^ some basic craft which would enable behalf of Akim, the organisation for the welfare attend rehearsals of his new musical, " Joie de Womp •^'"^" ^ living. Most of these untrained of defective children. She is very modest about Vivre", based on Rattigan's " French Without in ,u ", ""^'grants started as household helps Tears ".—Martin and Hanne Miller will appear in this and states that she should not get all the O. Preminger's film, " Exodus". currently in *oulrf ff ^^^^ *'^ *^* '^^ ""'y '^°^^ *'''^*' credit as such projects can only succeed if a production in Israel.—Brecht's " Galileo " will be Or laK^ them a livelihood. No advice bureau devoted group of public-minded citizens makes a produced by Bemard Miles at the Mermaid of T,"""'' exchange existed for thc large number concerted effort. She believes that Akim will suc­ incom ""^Jx *''° ^^'^ '° implement the family ceed in establishing something permanent which Theatre here. cootT^' • Straus therefore set up three-month gives satisfaction to under-developed children and "erervy courses with the help of Hadassah. Ofritwary ; -Hans Margulies, the former court to their families, who are happy to have found reporter of Vienna's Stunde, has died in London.— some sort of training for their unfortunate Sixty-four-year-old Henry Bemhard. Gustav children, and who even receive a little income Slresemann's former Secretary, and editor of the from their work. Dr. Straus saw in America Sluttgarter Nachrichlen, has died in Stuttgart.— what could be done for the under-privileged. In Dr. Ewald Wuesten has died in Cologne at the age Israel they had hardly started to cope with this of 61 ; he was the last editor of Ullstcin's Berliner sad problem. lllustrirle Zeitung.—Two old-timers of the opera, Rahel Straus is Chairman of thc Golden Age 79-year-old Eduard Habich and 7l->ear-old Hertha Chocolates Club, where many elderly German-speaking Stolzenberg. recently died in Berlin and Oberstdorf people have found company and entertainment, respectively. and where they meet for lectures, musicals, film De Luxe shows and discussions. Last, but not least, she is honorary President of the Women's Inter­ Milestones :—Viennese-bom Fritz Wisten, who •N BEAUTIFULLY DESIGNED national League for Peace and Freedom, created started his acting career in Stuttgart and took PRESENTATION BOXES during World War I in Holland. She was a over Berlin's Jewish Kulturbund theatre in 1933. member of the League in Germany from the is seventy years old. He is now director of the •Ar beginning, and she called it into being in Israel East Berlin Volksbuehne.—Dr. Gustav Wyneken in 1952. In her own words, she has been a is 85 years old.—Hans Leibelt, the pire noble of MARZIPAN SPECIALITIES fighter for peace and freedom as long as she can the German theatre, is 75 years old. remember, and she looks upon this group as a • very important beginning in Israel to teach 1/-S./I. .—Arnold Marld left the cast of " The tolerance and to watch over thc rights of Israeli Tenth Man" on Broadway and was replaced by BAUMKUCHEN minorities. She believes that Israel, in this respect, Rudolf Weiss.—Lilli Palmer, currently starring in has a special mission to fulfil. She hopes to see " The Pleasure of His Company ", is to appear in the Israeli League grow and achieve their aims in •• Night Without End" thereafter.—The Berlin- the years to come. bom dancer, 2k)rina. will appear in " Facade " in Seattle.—Wolfgang Roth was responsible for the decor for "The Secret Concubine" showing off PRESIDENT LUEBKE'S GREETINGS Broadway.—On the invitation of the Atifbau, TO DR. WIENER Kadidja Wedekind gave a lecture on her father in On the occasion of Dr. Alfred Wiener's 75th New York.—Oscar Homolka will be in " Hitch­ birthday. President Luebke sent a greetings tele­ cock Presents" on T.V.—Evelyn Rudie, Emeric gram to him, praising him for his life-work in Bemauer's daughter, appeared in " The Bad Seed " combatting race hatred and intolerance. Dr. in Houston's Playhouse.—Fritz Kortner's son, Wiener is the founder of the Wiener Library in Peter, is writing a filmscript on thc life of thc London. late Kurt Weill. JERUSALEM DOCTORATE FOR This and That:—Seventy-six-year-old Johanna PROFESSOR KREBS Terwin appeared jn Karl Paryla's production of 43. " Der lebende Leichnam" in Munich a few days Kensington Church St. The Hebrew University has conferred an after the 25th anniversary of her husband's death. honorary doctorate on Sir Hans Krebs of Oxford She was married 25 years when Alexander Moissi London, W.8 University, the Nobel Prize winner. Professor died aged only 56 on March 23rd, 1935.—Robert Krebs is a member of the Board of Governors of Jungk, whose latest book " Strahlen aus der WES. 4359 the Hebrew University and a member of its Astfie" wjll be published in twelve countries, is •nd Council of Friends in England. flying to Japan this month to do a series for the Munich T.V.—Richard Oswald's son, Gerd, will AWARD FOR DR. HANS HIRSCHFELD direct Stefan Zweig's " Schachnovelle " with Curt ^, Goldhurst Terrace, Jucrgens jn Berlin.—Fritzi Massary arrived in Finchley Road, N.W.6 On the occasion of his retirement as Head of Vienna from California ; she will spend the sum­ thc Press and Information Department of the mer in Europe. MAI. 2742 Land Berlin, Dr. Hans Hirschfcld was awarded the Great Federal Cross of Merit. PEM Page 12 AJR INFORMATION May, 1960 JEWISH IVEW§ FROM GEUMAXY OBITUARY LEADING BERLIN JEWS REMEMBERED 1959 LEO BAECK PRIZE DR. HERMANN WEIL Under the auspices of the Berlin Society for Dr. Hermann Weil, London, passed away sud­ Christian-Jewish Co-operation, Dr. F. Friedens­ The Leo Baeck Prize for 1959 has been awarded denly on March 27th at the age of 62, whilst on burg gave an address on his Jewish friends who jointly to Schalom Ben-Chorin (Jerusalem) and a visit to his family in South Africa. had been prominent in Berlin before 1933. His Dr. Eleonore Sterling (n6e Oppenheimer). He was born in Stuttgart and, like his father personal recollections especially referred to Ben-Chorin, formerly Fritz Rosenthal, was born Sanitaetsrat Dr. Sigmund Weil, took a leading Walther Rathenau, Kurt Sobernheim, Georg in Munich in 1913. He is the author of several part in the Jewish activities in his home town. Hahn, Kommerzienrat Guggenheim and Felix books on Judaism. Dr. Sterling, born in Heidel­ He was particularly interested in the Old Age Deutsch. berg in 1925, emigrated to the United States in Home in Sontheim and he was known not only 1938 and returned to Germany some years after amongst the Jewish members of the community, the war. She is the author of the well-known but also amongst his fellow citizens of Stuttgart. TUCHOLSKY'S LIFE AND WORK book on anti-Semitism, " er ist wie du" (1956), Dr. Weil was the director of the well-known and is Assistant at the Institute for Political A function in memor>- of Kurt Tucholsky, under Salamander shoe factory. Science of the Frankfurt University. He emigrated to London in 1936 and was, for the auspices of the Berlin Section of the Inter­ The Prize, which consists of 3.000 DM, is for national League for Human Rights and of the many years, an interested member of the Associa­ research workers of any nationality or denomina­ tion of Jewish Refugees. In this country he made Municipal Borough of Berlin-Kreuzberg, took tion who are active in the spirit of Dr. Leo Baeck. place during the Week of Brotherhood. a fresh start and also took the keenest interest Kate Kiihl was one of the artistes who per­ in the arts, literature and Jewish affairs until the very end. formed, and H. G. Sellenthin gave an address. HELENA RUBINSTEIN AWARD FOR The Kreuzberg Municipality has also arranged Dr. Weil's relatives and many friends all over an exhibition of documents in the Kreuzberg GERMAN PAINTERS the world will mourn his sudden death deeply, and his memory will not be forgotten. Town Hall, referring to the life and work of Helena Rubinstein has placed DM 50.000 at Tucholsky, who would have been 70 years old the joint disposal of the Munich Municipahty and this year. The exhibition displays documents of PROF. LUDWIG BERGSTRAESSER the Nazi terror regime. the Gurlitt Gallery, Munich, to be awarded to young painters in the Federal Republic including The well-known politician and historian. Pro­ West Berlin. The award consists of one prize of BERLIN HONOURS PROFESSOR MUEHSAM DM 20,000, two of DM 10.000 each, and two of fessor Dr. Ludwig Bergstrasser, has died in Ger­ DM 5,000 each. many at the age of 78. The memory of the former head of the Rudolf Professor Bergstriisser was the author of Virchow-Krankenhaus in Berlin has been •' History of the Political Parties in Germany" honoured by naming the main street on which JEWISH COMMUNITY STATISTICS (1920) and he was a Social Democrat member the hospital faces the Richard-Muehsam-Allee. of the Reichstag under the Weimar Republic. Professor Richard Muehsam was one of the At the end of 1959, the registered membership most outstanding surgeons in Germany. After of the Jewish community in West Germany was DR. BERNHARD ASCHNER working for several years with the Moabit Hos­ 21,643. The average age is 46 years. The com­ pital, he was appointed superintendent of the munity is still predominantly elderly with 4,458 The gynecologist. Dr. Bernhard Aschner i Rudolf Virchow-Krankenhaus in 1919, which people in the 50-60 group and only 2,800 people (formerly Vienna) passed away in New York at position he held until he was forced to retire by between 6 and 20. In the last quarter of 1959. the age of 77. He had several books and articles the Nazis. He died in Berlin in November 1938. 267 Jews settled in Germany and 162 emigrated. published on gynaecology.

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AJR AT WORK WARSAW GHETTO UPRISING AJR GENERAL .MEETING President: Mr. A. Schoyer. Commemoration Meeting in London As will be seen from the announcement on the front page, the AJR General Meeting will be held Management Committee (Executive): The A meeting to commemorate the 17th anniver­ on Tuesday, Mav 17th. at 8 p.m.. at 51 Belsize present Executive members stand for re-election. sary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, and the Square, N.W.3. They are : Dr. H. Reichmann (Chairman). Mr. A, six million Jews who died in Europe, will be Dresel (Vice-Chairman), Mr. M. Pottlitzer (Trea­ held on Sunday. May Sth. at 3 pjn.. at the During the year which will be reviewed in the surer). Dr. W. Rosenstock (General Secretary), Prince's Theatre. Shaftesbury Avenue. London, general report, the AJR has been active in many Mr. W. M. Behr, Mr. H. Bendhem, Mr. A. W.C.1. spheres, such as its work for the three Old Age Berglas, Dr. W. Bcriin. Dr. F. R. Bienenfeld, Mr Homes, preparation of a Home for the Infirm. S. Bischheim (Trustee), Mr. H. Blumenau, Dr. The meeting will be held under the auspices efforts F. E. Falk (Trustee). Mr. H. S. Garfield, Mr. of the PoHsh Jewish Ex-Servicemen's Associa­ concerning the taxability of compensation V. E. Hilton (Trustee), Dr. F. A. Mann, Mr. tion in conjunction with the World Jewish payments, and the expansion of AJR Information. Alfred Straus (Edgware), Mr. B. Woyda. Congress (British Section) and the Association fi i^^'^'^' report will be given on progress in the Board : It is proposed to re-elect the members of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women. The eld of restitution and compensation and on the of the present Board. They are : Dr. P. Abel. Marchioness of Reading. Sir Leslie Plummer, s eps taken or planned in order to safeguard Dr. S. Auerbach. Rabbi Dr. M. L. Bamberger. M.P.. Mr. Michael Cliffe, M.P.. and Major "e general interests of our community in this Mr. E. Berent, Mrs. R. Berlak, Mrs. R. Berlin. Harry Bemstein will address the meeting. matter. Mr. S. Boehm, Dr. J. Bondi, Dr. W. Breslauer. David Kossoff and Leon Blumenson will give Dr. R. Bright, Rabbi I. Broch, Dr. W. Dux, Dr. readings. Change of Name ? F. R. Engel, Dr. L. Engel, Rabbi Dr. M. Eschel­ Admission is free, by ticket (obtainable at bacher, Mr. L. Eschwege, Dr. E. Eyck, Mr. J. the theatre on the day of the meeting). The meeting will also provide an opportunity Feig, Dr. H. Fleischhacker, Mr. K. Friedlander. to discuss the question of whether the AJR should Dr. R. Fuchs, Mr. F. Godfrey. Mrs. Elisabeth ""ange its name. The Executive feels that a Goldschmidt, Dr. F. Goldschmidt, Dr. E. Gould, "latter of such importance should not be decided Dr. L. Guttmann. O.B.E., Mr. S. F. Hallgarten, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Pon without very careful consideration. The Mrs. G. Hambourg, Mr. E. Haymann, Mr. A. W. Jiuestion will, therefore, not be put to the vote at Heller, Mr. Herbert Hirsch, Dr. A. R. Horwell. to J"*^''"8- However, the Executive is anxious Mrs. M. Jacoby, Dr. A. Kaufmann, Mr. H. E. Accommodation o hear the views of the members, which will Kiewe, Mrs. F. Kochmann. Dr. E. Kramer. Mr L. Kritzler, Dr. K. Krotos, Dr. H. W. Kugelmann. The number of elderiy people seeking adequate TK ^^ •* guidance for its further deliberations. accommodation is on the increase. Some of ret ^'^^ ^^^^ '^^ present name should be Dr. H. H. Kuttner. Dr. H. Lawton, Mr. Ludwig Loewenthal. Dr. E. G. Lowenthal, Mr. J. these people live under extremely bad conditions, .:?"'ed prevailed on previous occasions. This and are unable to find suitable furnished rooms fell k *^^ based on various reasons. It was Lowenthal, Dr. E. Magnus, Mr. C. T. Marx. als vl?' loyalty to our past as refugees should Rabbi Dr. I. Maybaum, Dr. H. Neufeld, Mrs. H. because landladies are reluctant to let to tenants as h expressed in our name, in a similar way Philipp, Mr. E. Plaut, Dr. E. Rachwalsky, Dr. who do not go out to work. Any readers who nas been done by other long-established com- Eva Reichmann, Mr. Z. M. Reid, Dr. E. Reifen­ might be able to help in this regard should berg (Gabriele Tergit), Mr. A. Reimann, Mr. J. contact us at MAI. 4449. '• Ri'f'^^ °^ immigrants, such as the French Sachs. Rabbi Dr. G. Salzberger, Mr. F. Samson. Kefugies" and the Sephardic "Spanish and Mr. R. Schneider. Mr. F. Schonbeck, Mrs. M. ^onuguese " Jews. It was also felt that the AJR Schurmann. Dr. W. Selig. Mr. P. E. Shields. Mr. E. BAZAAR AT LEO BAECK HOUSE the ^^'ablished its reputation inside and outside Speyer. Mr. Hugo Stern, Dr. A. Straus. Mr. G. community under its present name. Further- Streat, Mr. G. L. Tietz, Dr. U. Tietz, Mr. F. W. The Leo Baeck House, The Bishop's Avenue. ade"^^' '' '"'^*'^ ^^ difficult to find another name Ury, Mrs. L. Wechsler, Dr. Alfred Wiener. Dr. London. N.2. one of the Old Age Homes run luately describing our present position. Leon Zeitlin, Rabbi Dr. W. Van der Zyl. under the joint auspices of the Association of Un the other hand, in the course of time a The Board also includes representatives from Jewish Refugees and the Central British Fund, ccf^'^"^ number of protagonists for a change have the provincial groups. is to hold a Bazaar on Sunday, May 15th. hid"* forward. Without wishing to deny or to It is proposed to elect the following new mem­ from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. The bazaar is to be held th '.^^'r foreign origin, they feel that in view of bers to the Board : Mrs. R. Abels. Dr. P. Chapp. at the special request of the residents. The pro­ jg^tothr increased integratio^^^^ "refugen inteo 'Britis no longeh andr Angloapplies- Dr. Erna Goldschmidt, Mr. E. K. Heyman, Mr. ceeds from the work sold, gifts received and the that« ..'^t "k" 'if' e^^^ th eargumen term " trefuge has alse "o nbeeo longen putr forwarapplieds H. C. Mayer, Dr. A. Philippsborn. sale of teas, sandwiches and cakes are to be conf ern. retaininThe argumeng our tpresen has alst nameo bee,n wpue tmigh forwart bde divided between the World Refugee Year by retaining our present name, we might be ntused with the various categories of unsettled DOCUMENTS OF THERESIENSTADT (Corra) and the Leo Baeck House Comforts' Fund. ^'^ople who are still refugees, INTERNEE The Bazaar will be opened at 3.30 p.m. by the f^j' ^ould be greatly appreciated if all our Hon. Roger Nathan. AJR members and their friends are cordially invited. the ^^^^ ^°™^ thought to the matter before Birth certificates, postcards and photographs ^j,Q "i^eeting, and if those who are unable to attend amongst other effects left by a deceased Theresien­ The Jewish Chronicle of April Ist. in its as th '^' "^ have their views in writing. As far stadt inmate refer to the following persons: " Women and Home " column, carries an article an 1 ^ ^^^ '" favour of a change, proposals for entitled " Gracious Living for Old People ". The alternative name would also be welcomed, Marie S. Lichtenstein, Samuel Goldschmidt. whole article is devoted to the Leo Baeck House, gl !?^ agenda for the meeting will include the Simon Lichtenstein and Marie Zinner. and speaks about the Home and its surroundings Pro °^ ^^^ honorary officers. The following Persons who wish to have more details should in glowing terms. It is gratifying to see how well oposals are submitted bv the Executive: contact the AJR. thought of our Homes are in Anglo-Jewish circles.

The Exclusive Solon da Corseteri* Mme H. LIEBERG CHANGE OF ADDRESS BAZAAR In order to ensure that you get AJR 871, FINCHLEY ROAD your copy of AJR Information at iN«xt to the Post Office, Golderj Greenl regularly, please be sure to inform ATTEIVDANCE LEO BAECK HOUSE 'Phone : SPEedwell 8673 us immediately of any change of Ready-mode and to measure. address. '"' Bishop's Avenue, London, N.Z EXPERT AND QUALIFIED FITTERS SERVICE 1210 bus to Winnington Rd.) Phone : SPE. 9806/7 Women available to care for on sick persons and invalids ; as Sunday, May 15th WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL CO—.ponions and sBrussels). In spite of the help courageousl> were not just translations of the German texts. happenings under the Nazi regime, newspaper cut­ rendered by many Belgians under the Nazi The problems with which Jewish translators were tings, etc. Readers who can assist should com­ occupation, only about 4.000 German Jews have faced arose from the fact that the German tales municate direct with the " Buergermeisteramt," survived the catastrophe. During the first post­ were based on the Christian background of their Stuttgart. war >ears. Coref had to try and secure the legal characters. The sfjeaker quoted interesting and status of these technically " ailemands ennemis ". sometimes amusing examples, in which references CiriZENSHlP CERTIFICATES At present, Coref's work is mainly concentrated to Christian features or rituals were replaced by on social tasks, and many needy Jews from Ger­ supposedly Jewish equivalents. Thus, for In connection with his research work on " Die many and Austria have been given assistance out instance, in .some cases " Church"" was replaced Judenbuergerbuecher der Stadt Berlin", Dr, J. of the fumls administered by the Council. by •' Synagogue", " Pork" by a dish not for­ Jacobson, 21 Lower Chestnut Street, Worcester, The 15th anniversary of the Council's founda­ bidden by Jewish law. Sometimes the " adapta­ would be grateful for copie5r—and copies only— tion is marked with an article by Dr. Kurt tion " went further and resulted in distorted of citizenship certificates (" Buergerbriefe") Alexander (formerly London, now New York), descriptions of the plot or rather absurd trans­ formations of typically Christian notions. On acquired during the first half of the nineteenth who was Secretary of the Council until he century by Jews in German cities other than rc-emigrated to the United States in 1949. He the other hand, the fact that, on the whole, the recalls the decisive work immediately after the end German " Volksbuch " appealed to the Jews as Berlin. This material would be most helpfuPln of the war. when the Council started to fight for well, shows the links existing at that time between his efforts to compare procedure in various parts legislation on restitution and compensation, and the Jews and the majority population. of Germany. At the same time. Dr. Jacobson he also refers to the Council's efforts to obtain a The research work done by Mr. Paucker is a wishes to express his thanks for the excellent share in the proceeds from the heirless Jewish most valuable contribution to German-Jewish response to his request for Berlin documents property in Germany. In the meantime these historiography. published in our March issue.

FAMILY EVENTS Consecration of Tombstone For Sale MISSING PERSONS Entries in this column are free of Rabbi Dr. Moritz Bauer. The con­ SIDEBOARD, table, chairs, arm­ charge. Texts shottld be sent in by secration of thc tombstone of the chairs, book cupboard, wardrobe, Personal Enquiries ihe I8r/i of the month. late Dr. Moritz Bauer, a former kitchen furniture—reasonable. 'Phone HAM. 6280 or write Box 671. Persons whose lift vans, when they Births Rabbi in Vienna, who died on May emigrated, were transported by the 9th, 1959, will take place on Sunday, Miscellaneoiis Simmoads.—To Hanna-Ruth (n^e May Sth, at 12.30 p.m. at the Willcs- Hrm of Alfons Hess, Berlin, Eger) and Geoffrey Simmonds. a son. ARCHITECTURAL CONSULTANT, Tauentzienstr.. are urgently requested den Cemetery. Beaconsficld Road, formerly Vienna, gives advice on new on April 19th. 7 St. Clement's Road. London, N.W.IO. to contact Mrs. L. Cassirer. I Kent Harrogate. buildings, conversion and surveying .Avenue. London. W.l 3. of existing buildings, etc. Box 677. Birthdays CLASSIFIED FLUTE required by student. Bohm Mr.s. Lisa Hammerschlag, formerly of system. Phone : MAI 4449. Samuely.—Mrs. Helene Samuely. 68 Situations Wanted Berlin - Wilmersdorf, Sachsische Bridge Lane. London, N.W.II. Personal Strasse. In 1934 took her Stafe 4 recently celebrated her SOth birthday. Men REFINED lADY. very lonely, reli­ examination as medical technical gious, own .''omc. would like meet assistant in Berlin. She may be work­ Deaths EXPERIENCED BOOKKEEPER. Ecntleman. 60-70. view marriage. Box ing as an X-Ray assistant as well. Bechhofer.—Elisabeth Bcchhofer good salesman, formerly bank clerk, 669. Probably aged about ,50. Wera (Elly to her family and a multitude of know, export, shipping, seeks position. Kandler, Berlin-Zehlendorf, Schiitz- friends) passed away on March 24th Box 673. allec 98a. at 2 Alverstone Road, Mapperley WELL-EDUCATED GENTLEMAN, versatile, executive GENTLEMAN Park, Nottingham. Cremation took Enquiries by AJR place on March 29th. Donations, in experience in all office work, seeks would like to become acquainted compliance with a last request, were permanent position of trust and with suitable lady with a view sent and may be sent to the SAVE responsibility. Excllnt. refcs. Box 678. to future marriage. Manfred He>inann (Stettin), last THE CHILDREN FUND. 12 Upper I am a business man, 40 years of known address in 1951 65 Blenheim Women age, 5ft. 4in. tall, widely travelled Gardens. N.W.2. Belgrave Street, London, S.W.l. and in good financial po.-iiion. I GENERAL CLERK, good at figures, VlioDownik.—Margot MIoDownik, command thc English, Frencb, and Hedwis Katz. formerly teacher of 167 West End Lane, London, N.W.6, know, typing, responsible, seeks German languages. Lack of oppor- position, pref part-time. Box 674. nity to make acquaintances among arts history. In 1944 was at the passed away on March 26th in her my age group on the Continent Women's Internment Camp. Port 54th year. Deeply moumed by her makes mc take this step through the husband and son. SHORTHAND TYPIST, Engl. Ger­ Erin. Isle of Man. Last-known man, elderly, seeks part-time or home medium of a relative living in known address c/o Miss Jadja Ries.—Hedwig Esther Ries, formerly work. Box 675. London. Goroneff. Craiglockhart House. Berlin, passed away peacefully on All answers will, of course, he Craiglockhart Ave.. Edinburgh. 11. .April 16 at Otto Hirsch House, EXPERIENCED COOK, seeks part- treated strictly confidentially. Box 672. Kew Gardens, shortly before her 90th time work in private household. Box Mrs. Ingeborg Stott (nie Herz), born birthday. Deeply mourned by her 676. 23.8.1924, formerly of M.-Gladbach. three daughters. Heartfelt thanks for Au Pair FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION Hindenburgstr. 67a. Married Wil­ sympathy shown and flowers sent. Sitting-room, t>edroom, and bathroonn liam Pringle Stott on Aueust 7th, Wetterhahn.—Josef Wetterhahn {for­ JEWISH GIRL. 20 years, from for one or two persons available in 1947. merly Frankfurt/Main). 149 Empire ,\mstcrdam. seeks domestic work and/ newly built private house with large Court. Wembley Park. Middlesex, or care of children for four to six garden. Family of Zinunerluiski, formerly of Close to Hampstead Heath passed away suddenly and peacefully weeks in or about June, in exchange Easy occess to West End. Every modern Nurnberg. Believed to have emi­ on March 25th. Deeply mourned by for board and lodging and pocket- convenience, ir^luding lift. grated to England. Family consisted his wife Joanna and daughter Mrs. money. Speaks and writes English. Full board provided If required. of mother, father, and several Elspcth Toeman. Box 670 Box 668 children. AJR INFORMATION May, 1960 Page 15 CULTURAL NEWS EDIJCATIOIS WORLD CONFERENCE ON JEWISH MELA SPIRA—WRTTER AND PAINTER YIDDISH PUBLICATIONS IN THE SOVIETS EDUCATION PLANNED Mela Spira was born in Vienna and. before A special conference convened at Wroclaw, to It has been announced in a joint statement by yer emigration to this country, had a novel, a publicise " the Yiddish book" in Poland, was the American Jewish Congress, the B'nai B'rith "ook of verse and some short stories published attended by over 100 delegates representing and the World Jewish Congress, that a pre­ under her maiden name of Mela Hartwig. In practically every Jewish community in Poland. paratory meeting for a world conference on 1^29 she was awarded the Dichterpreis der Stadt Although the number of Jews in Poland continues Jewish education will be held in Paris on June Wien (Emil Reich-Stiftung) and her works have to decline. Yiddish publications have fallen only 29th and 30th. "^en translated into many languages. She has slightly. 3lso had her prose, verse, essays and translations Leading educationists from the United States. The conference adopted a resolution appealing Canada. South America, Europe and Israel will published in newspapers and periodicals and to every Jewish householder to subscribe to Yid­ 'ney have been heard over the radio. participate in the meeting, which is expected to dish books and periodicals. A Yiddish Book discuss plans for a world conference on Jewish Her emigration put an end to her promising Month is to be proclaimed all over Poland, and wnting career (writing in German in London the Polish authorities are reported to have education to deal with the problems of assimila­ proved an illusion). At an advanced age, there- promised support. tion and the role of Jewish education in strengthening Jewish identification. tore, she tumed to painting in order to have The " Diary of Anne Frank," translated from another artistic outlet independent of the German thc Dutch version, with an introduction by Ilya ^nguage. She has had exhibitions at the Archer Ehrenberg, the Russian-Jewish author, has now SYMPOSIUM ON PHILOSOPHY *jallery in Westbourne Grove, and last monthjhe been published by the official Soviet Department "hibited in the West End at the Woodstock for Foreign Translations, after years of hestitation. A symposium on philosophy, edited by Fritz ^aUery, I6 Woodstock Street, W.l. The ban on the Anne Frank film and the play is Heinemann, has recently been published by Ver- .The exhibition of painting by Mela Spira pro- still maintained. liig Klett. Stuttgart. The contributors include laed a survey of her work in recent years. Her Other publications announced in Moscow A. Fraenkel. F. Kaufmann and M. Landmann. eeling for colour—especially in monochrome— include a series of poems from Yiddish by Aron * "larked, and the angular shapes of her flower Bergelis. Yosef Kerler and Leizer KatzovicTi. BROADCAST ON JEWS ompositions combine impressiveness with a Some of these poems have now been put to music balanced clarity. On t'ne other hand, her land- by the Jewish composer, Mr. Koeaneyetz. A H. Cl. Sellenthin, in the Berlin school broadcast "^apes are less convincing, but there also her Russian translation of the " Uprising in the series, " Jewish Destiny in Germany ", spoke about ettse^ of colour is arresting. Although Mrs. Warsaw Ghetto ", by the Polish-Jewish historian Jews under the Weimar Republic. He stressed in"iif'* range is restricted, nevertheless she excels Berl Mark, is shortly to appear. that the attacks of the Right-wing extremists in ,, "er chosen field of representation. Her still the 'thirties, though seemingly directed mainly lifes especially reveal the integrity of a sensitive against the Jews, were in fact meant to destroy ^"d maturing artist. RECITALS BY ERNST DEUTSCH democracy in Germany. '^EW PLAY BY YOUNG PLAYWRIGHT ^ j ''"ard Kops, the young Anglo-Jewish play- Ernst Deutsch read extracts of the works of OITO FRANK SUBSIDISES SCHOLARSHIPS Dla •• '^ '"^ have the world premiere of his new Richard Bser-Hofmann, Werfel and Stefan Zweig tj,^' TTie Dream of Peter Mann", performed at at a recital in the Tribiine (Berlin). He also read In memory of his daughters, Anne and Margot, ^e Edinburgh Festival from August 21st to a chapter from the biography of thc late actor Otto Frank has donated $50,000 to be used for ^member I Oth. Alexander Granach. scholarships for gifted Israeli children.

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B 76, Wells Street, (This space has been made available by an anonymous London, W.l donor) Page 16 AJR INFORMATION May, I960 NEWS ABOUT ISRAEL EDUCATION At a Hebrew evening held in London as part of BEN-GURION'S MEETING WITH PROFESSOR KAHN-FREUND ON the Jewish Book Week, Professor A. Katzir stated ADENAUER CRITICISED ISRAELI LAW that there were some 70,000 Jewish scientists in the world today, of whom about 1,500 live in The Israeli Knesset, by 59 votes to 3 and some Professor Otto Kahn-Freund, Professor of Law Israel. "' Thanks to them, the Jewish people have abstentions, rejected a Communist motion of no become the most productive nation in the world." confidence in the Government because of Mr. at the London School of Economics, recently Ben-Gurion's meeting with Dr. Adenauer. The returned from Israel after delivering the Lionel A spiritual revolution had taken place in Israel in Acting Premier accused the Communists of white­ Cohen Lectures for 1959-60. Speaking at a recent years. washing the East Germans, who had made no reception held in his honour by Lord Cohen and Mr. Y. Smilansky. the Israeli novelist and attempt to pay reparations. the Legal Group of the Friends of the Hebrew Mapai Member of the Knesset, gave the second University, he referred to Israel as a meeting ISRAELI PRESS PRAISED lecture of the evening on " The Hour is the Hour point for legal systems and methods of legal of Education ". He said that some 600,000 people The Israeli Press has received praise from the thought derived from all parts of the world and of all ages were receiving some sort of education Federal Minister for All-German Affairs, Emst various ecclesiastical traditions. He added that in Israel. Education in Israel was, however, Lemmer, in connection with the recent anti-Semitic all these varieties met at an outstandingly high passing through a major crisis owing to mass outrages in Germany. Herr Lemmer said that, in level of development and much good resulted recent weeks, Israeli newspapers had proved their immigration and linguistic obstacles as well as tolerance, loyalty and justness. They had assessed from the constant exchange of views between those political and economic difficulties, which produced the outrages with restraint. who taught the law and those who practised it. unusually complicated problems.

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