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where applicable, I understand that I may return the Bath Ensemble at my expense and owe nothing

if I am not completely satisfied after my 30-day Home Trial. The free gifts are mine to keep in either case. CHECK Gold (A1) (This order is governed by Minnesota law and is sub- () lect to approval of my credit by Fingerhut.) YOUR COLOR Blue (A2) CHOICE: Pink (A3) 7-Piece Kitchen Utensil Set. In (552299) mellow, walnut-finished hard- wood. Set includes rolling pin, Print Name meat tenderizer, two spoons, Address . Apt. No. 3-tined fork, potato masher and wall rack. Made in City State . _Zip_ Taiwan, the People's Republic A Special Area Home of or Philippines. Surprise Gift! For Code Phone Please Sign We reserve the right to substitute similar you, your home or Name Here . merchandise of equal or better quality. If your family. substituted merchandise is not accept- CUP AND MAIL TODAY FOR PROMPT SHIPMENT! able, you can return it postpaid during your 5-056077-000 free trial period without further obligation. Inventory Adjustment Special.

DIRECT FROM U.S. OPTICSquauty sunglasses at factory prices Metal Frame Sunglasses Feature • Impact resistant lenses • Handcrafted • Polished glass lenses • Hardened metal frames • Sale $12.95 Onh Sale $12.95 Only Sale $6.95 Only

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Change-A-Matic Aviator Glasses Mirrored Lens Flight Glasses Gold frame, flexible cable temples. Standard Aviator Glasses Unexcelled glare protection,gold or silver frames. Lenses darken outdoors, change back to Traditional stems, gold frames A $25 00 value onlyJ+e^S 2 pairs forJiae-tJO" lighter tints indoors. A $30.00 value, A $20 00 value only.$J9-9S 2 pairs forii*00 $9.95 $18.00 only-S-Hre3. 2 pairs for.$8eTJ0. $8.50 $16.00 $12.95 $25.00 H Sale $12.95 Only

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Style n Quantity Frame Color To order your U.S. Optics™ sunglasses, send check or money order

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Visa or Master Charge # Exp. Date Gold

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1 THE AMERICAN LEGION

July 1983 Volume 115, Number 1 For God and Country

4 Commander's Message 14 Runaway Law: Our Litigious An Endansered Resource

Society By Jay Stuller 6 Letters Are we losing our national nerve because of too much litigation, or Our readers comment fear of litigation? Some heavyweight legal and business minds are

beginning to think so, and have evidence it. 8 Big Issues to prove Should Consress Support Coal Pipelines? 16 Korea: A Fragile Truce 10 News To Use By Jerome Greer Chandler Helpful hints for consumers In this exclusive interview, the senior U.S. soldier in Korea, Gen. Robert W. Sennewald, says the truce may have been signed 12 Dateline Washington 30 years ago, but the threat to a free South Korea is greater than Issues and opinions from the capital ever before. 23 Books

Interestins new titles 18 America's Enduring Tradition 26 Veterans' Update By Angelo John Lewis Decisions that affect you Although patterned after European experiments, U.S. correspondence instruction remains a uniquely American 27 News For Legionnaires institution. Your orsanization at work

48 Parting Shots 20 Saga Of A Priceless Document To leave you laughing By Lester David

Conceived in revolution,- exposed to sun, cold and neglect;

sheltered in constantly changing residences in its early life, is it any wonder the Declaration of Independence hangs on — barely — as a faded and badly aged treasure?

About Our Authors... Sennewald, Commander-in-Chief, U.N. says the idea for "Saga Of A Priceless Command, Republic of Korea, for this Document" came to him one day while San Francisco-based Jay Stuller, au- 30th anniversary view of "Korea: A visiting the National Archives in thor of "Runaway Law: Our Litigious Fragile Truce." Washington, D.C., and wondering why Society," is a free-lance writer who at he couldn't read the words on the Dec- one point seriously considered a legal "America's Enduring Tradition" was laration of Independence. career. written by Angelo John Lewis, whose specialty is articles on the social scien- Cover: Indianapolis artist Jerry Hor- Former Army combat medic, now wri- ces. ton has painted a unique lady justice — ter/broadcaster, Jerome Greer a visual manifestation of our litigious Chandler interviewed Gen. Robert W. Frequent contributor Lester David society.

2 t

THE ONLY AMERICAN LEGION Join the ONLY Officially Approved Plan. LIFE INSURANCE PLAN Get up to 10 Units. 20% Benefit Bonus.

APPLY TODAY Select the num- BENEFITS—Annual Renewable Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-781) ber of units from the chart at Benefits determined by age at death and include 20% SPECIAL INCREASE for deaths right, fill out the application be- occurring during 1983. Maximum coverage limited to 10 units. low and enclose your check or 10 Units 9 Units 8 Units 7 Units 6 Units 5 Units 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit money order for the prorated Age at Death $240 per yr. $216 peryr. $192 per yr. $168 peryr. $144 peryr. $120 peryr. $96 peryr. $72 peryr. $48 peryr. $24 peryr premium indicated to provide Through age 29 $120,000 $108,000 $96,000 $84,000 $72,000 $60,000 $48,000 $36,000 $24,000 $12,000 coverage for the rest of the cal- 30-34 96,000 86,400 76,800 67,200 57,600 48,000 38,400 28,800 19,200 9,600 endar year. 35-44 54,000 48,600 43,200 37,800 32,400 27,000 21,600 16,200 10,800 5,400 IF YOU LIVE IN FL, IL, NJ, NY, 45-54 26,400 23,760 21,120 18,480 15,840 13,200 10,560 7,920 5,280 2,640 NC, OH, PR, TX, or Wl send for 55-59 14,400 12,960 11,520 10,080 8,640 7,200 5,760 4,320 2,880 1,440 special application. Applications 60-64 9,600 8,640 7,680 6,720 5,760 4,800 3,840 2,880 1,920 960 and benefits vary slightly in 65-69 6,000 5,400 4,800 4,200 3,600 3,000 2,400 1,800 1,200 600 some areas. Make check or 70-74* 3,960 3,564 3,168 2,772 2,376 1,980 1,584 1,188 792 396 money order payable to: The 75*-0ver 3,000 2,700 2,400 2,100 1,800 1,500 1,200 900 600 300 American Legion Life Insurance Prorated Premium $100 $90 $80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 Plan. No persons age 70 or over (including those desiring additional coverage) will be accepted for new insurance. tPRORATED PREMIUM TO SEND WITH YOUR APPLICATION. The INCONTESTABILITY Your coverage shall be incontestable after it has premiums shown above are for the full year of 1983 for approved been in force during your lifetime for two years from its effective date. applications effective Aug. 1, 1983. Premiums for applications approved for Sept. 1 or later are proportionately less, by $2 PER UNIT MAIL TO: The American Legion Life Insurance Plan PER MONTH, and any overpayments will be refunded. Premiums P.O. Box 5609 • Chicago, IL 60680 accompanying non-approved applications will be refunded in full.

Plan insured by Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company. EFFECTIVE DATE Your insurance becomes effective on the first day of the month coinciding with or next following the date your application is approved by the Insurance Company. Insurance may Application Subject to Underwriter's Approval be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due.

ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION OF INFORMATION

Information regarding your in-

Full Name. , Birth Date surability will be treated as con- Last First Middle Mo. Day Year fidential except that Trans- america Occidental Life In- Permanent Residence. surance Co. may make a brief Street City State Zip report to the Medical Informa- Name of Beneficiary. .Relationship. tion Bureau (M.I.B.), a non-profit Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones." Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" membership organization of life insurance companies which Membership Card No Year Post No State- operates an information ex- ~\ change on behalf of its I apply for the number of units indicated: [ members. Upon request by The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this another member insurance enrollment: Answer all questions. company to which you have ap- plied for life or health insurance, 1. Present occupation?—— , , Are you now actively working? or to which a claim is submit- If Yes No no, give reason , ted, the M.I.B. will supply such 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If yes, give date, company with the information it length of stay and cause may have in its files. 3. During five years, had disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver disease, The Company may also release the last have you heart lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you had or received treatment or medication for high blood information in its file to its rein-

pressure or alcoholism? Yes If yes, give details , , surers and to other life in- No Q surance companies to which you may apply for life or health I represent that to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card are true

and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under the policy. insurance, or to which a claim I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to is submitted. disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon receipt of a request from Signature of

Dated . . you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis- , 19 Applicant The American Legion offers this Insurance through Transamerica Occidential Life Insurance Company, 5783 closure of any information it Home Office: Los Angeles, California in may have your file. Medical GMA 300 19 12-79 (Univ.) information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND AUTHORIZATION closed to your attending physi- cian. If you question the ac- I have received and read the Notice of Disclosure of Information at left. Further, I authorize any curacy of information in the physician, medical practitioner, hospital, clinic, or other medical or medically related facility, in- Bureau's file you may seek cor- surance company, the Medical Information Bureau or other organization, institution or person rection in accordance with the having any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Transamerica Occidental Life In- procedures set forth in the Fed- surance Company any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureau's in- formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated , 19. Signature of Applicant

Essex Station, , Mass. I apply for additional Legion Life Insurance. My present certificate number is_ 02112; Phone (617) 426-3660.

3 AMERICAN LEGION THE July 1983 Commander's Message THE AMERICAN LEGION An Endangered Resource

many basic industrial goods. Ambassador James L. Malone, chief National Commander negotiator for the current administra- Al Keller. Jr. tion, refused to sign the treaty for the United States in late 1982 because of the deep seabed mining provisions, The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices and The American Legion supported 700 North Pennsylvania St. P.O Box 1055 that decision as it in — was accordance Indianapolis, IN 46206 with Resolution 497 passed at the 317-635-8411 Chicago Convention last year. We are opposed to ratification of the treaty, Publisher Dean B Nelson even though it has acceptable clauses dealing with territorial seas, marine Assistant Publisher/Editor Daniel S. Wheeler scientific research and international Managing Editor transit of strategic straits. We are op- Gerard T. Atchison posed because it is an all or nothing Assistant Editor situation. So potentially devastating Grail S. Hanford would be the adoption of the deep sea- Associate Editor Kathleen Whitehead bed provision that we must strongly Art Editor counsel rejection of the entire treaty. James A. Chaney Even now, as some advocate that the Production Manager United States reconsider its position Dwight Lamb and sign the document, we support the decision already reached as being in Al Keller, Jr. the best interests of national security. Advertising Sales Robert Redden Assoc., Inc. As written, the treaty's mining pro- P.O. Box 999, Teaneck. NJ 07666 While such issues as the nuclear visions make the mineral riches of the 201-837-5511 freeze, Agent Orange and El Salvador ocean the common heritage of man- have dominated media coverage dur- kind, creating a precedent for future The American Legion Magazine Commission Milford A Forrester, Greenville, SC; V. ing the past year, an international share-the-wealth gimmicks. Further, Chairman, James Kissner, Vice Chairman, Palatine, IL; James R Kelley, treaty has quietly gained the signa- it would hinder development of deep National Commander's Representative, Wayne, PA; Nor- man Biebel, Belleville, IL; Adolph E. Bremer, Winona, for its ratification. tures needed Even seabed mining, give inadequate su- MN; Victor Broom, Fulton. MS; John J. Dunn, Sr., Scran- though the treaty's provisions could pervisory power to advanced nations ton, PA; Martin T. Jansen, Little Chute, WI; Eugene J. Kelley, Savannah, GA; Frank J Holcshuh, Youngstown, profoundly affect the economic and se- and require mandatory transfer of pri- OH; Russell H Laird, Des Moines, IA; Arthur M. curity postures of the United States, vate technology. In short, it is a one- McDowell, Indianapolis, IN; Nathaniel J. McKee, Princeton, NJ; J Fred Mitchell, Brewton, AL; J. H. Mor- they are neither readily explainable sided agreement, with America on the ris, Baton Rouge, LA; Bruce E Penny, Seattle, WA; Floyd on an evening newscast nor suffi- wrong side. J Rogers, Topeka, KS; George G Sinopoli, Fresno, CA; Ralph L Smith, Bartlesville, OK; Dewey C. Spencer, ciently exciting to capture front-page Much of the treaty's content in- Mabelvale, AR; Benjamin B Truskoski, Bristol, CT; headlines. Yet, The American Legion volves things that the international George J Zanos, Sr., Wellsburg, WV; Bernard Weddell, Consultant, San Jose, CA; Casimir F. Sojka, Consultant, has been following this important community already practices, so our New Rochelle, NY situation closely for nearly a decade. refusal to sign will not materially af- I'm referring to the of fect us unless foreign proposed Law some power tries The American Legion Magazine is published monthly by the Sea Treaty, born in the United to implement the deep seabed mining The American Legion, 700 North Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, IN 46206, Price; yearly subscription, $9.00; Nations and strongly supported by provisions. For example, one provision single copy, $1.00 those nations that embrace socialism, deals with extending the sovereignty Send editorial and advertising material to: The American yet have neither the technology nor limit from 3 to 12 miles in territorial Legion Magazine, 700 North Pennsylvania St., P.O. Box the funds to extract mineral resources waters. Others address the extension 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206. Copyright 1983 by The American Legion. from the ocean floor. of the exclusive economic boundary for Microfilm copies available: University Microfilms, 300 N Though deep seabed mining is not use of natural resources to 200 miles Zeeb Rd . Ann Arbor, MI 48106 the only treaty topic, it is, perhaps, the and, in instances where 12-mile ter- most important one as now written. ritorial rights overlap, it ensures the

Within the next decade or two, the right of navigation and overflight. Change of Address deep seabed will very likely become These provisions are all, basically, a Notify Post Adjutant and Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206 Attach old address label, one of the principal sources of man- reiteration of custom. provide old and new address and current membership card ganese, nickel, cobalt and copper — all The United States' interpretation of number Allow 8 weeks for change of address to take effect of which are vital to America's na- the deep seabed mining provisions, tional security. The United States is however, is quite different; the mining dependent upon the import of such provisions are anything but a reitera- Non-Member Subscriptions Send $9 00 ($15.00 in foreign countries) to Circulation minerals, importing 98 percent of its tion of custom. As written, the treaty Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206 manganese and cobalt, and 73 percent would discourage U.S. companies from of its nickel. Classified as "strategic mining the seabed because, for one* minerals," these substances are essen- thing, it places an overall limit on the tial to the production of jet aircraft amount of minerals that can be ex- Member engines, important steel products and ( Continued on page 45) & Audit Bureau of Circulations

4 1 '" OUR LOW VITAMIN PRICES WILL MAKE HISTORY! Better yet, they bring you big savings on potent vitamins and Enclose Coupons Below With Order. prices organic minerals! But please act now while these low are MAIL ORDER COUPON in effect. It's easy to order. MONTH'S VITAMIN SUPPLY

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Every capsule contains * s 500 for 1.89 Ger Iron Geritol 98 4 75 50 mg. B1, B2. B6, 1000 for 3.49 Plenamins" 2 29 9 29 Niacinamide, Panto Acid. Super Vits & Mins Super N883 Expires 7 31 83 Choline, Inositol, 50mcg Chewable Vitamins Chocks' 1.49 6.25 B12, Biotin, 50mg Paba, B with C Albee" with C 1.85 7.50 100 meg Folic Acid. MAIL ORDER COUPON Oyster Cal Oscal 1 49 5.95 50 -|89 Limn On. for A-Z Tabs Centrum 130 for 3.69 GINSENG 100 for 3.49 X Nutradec Myadec 130 for 3.89 0UAN1ITY SIZE NAME OF PRODUCT TOTAL PRICE 250 mg Tablets j 250 for 7.98 Stress 600 Stress Tabs ' 600 60 for 2.89 Expire J_N883 " BE C with Zinc Z-BEC- 60 for 2.89 100 4 49 For "" Limit r One MAIL ORDER COUPON SAME ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AS IN DAILY GREENS of Any Size 60 for 7.95 ARE IN OUR ______.__TM to a Family ! ALOE VERA new GREEN-TABS ibo «o 15.00 500 for 6.95 S JUICE 1000 for 12.49 ALOE VERA BEAUTY LOTION— 4 oz. 2.98 Handling charge (Disregard if order exceeds $10 00) $ i 00 N883 Expires 7/31/83 Vera has been known, JIAloe SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TOTAL AMOUNT lused, and trusted since the ALFALFA Tablets 100 TABS _J 9 ^ 500 for 1.95 |dawn of man s history The. MASTER CHARGE and VISA accepted on orders over $10.00 Give card number and expiralton dale We reserve the right lo limit quanlihes LOW |Aloe Vera are hand fil- Laboratory 100 leaves DOLOMITE 500 for 1.85 ' LEAD CALCIUM iated to insure that all the de- Calcium Rich tested Tablets 49* isirable properties are retained FREE If you check this box and mail your order before is essential CALCIUM — But ALOE NEW— each tablet the July 31, 1983 we will include in your order a [Without the Aloin and bitter- STRESS some calciums have been Month's supply ol STRESS FIGHTERS fablers ness. VERA equivalent of one teaspoonlul 50 for 2.00 found high in lead. This bal- FIGHTERS' SUGGESTED USE: Two ounces anced calcium is TABLETS ot Aloe-Vera gel 150 for 5.00 [With each meal. laboratory-tested to have a Quart $2.98 Gallon $9.95 Super Potency 500 MCG 100 low SAFE-lead level. | 49 VITAMIN B12 Tablets 500 for 6.25 I 100 for 1 25 500for4.00

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5 .

July 1983 SUBURBAN GARDENERS: Letters At Last! A Small Tiller That Works!

Forget about big, clumsy yank-you-along Invader 92nd earned its nickname during the tillers forever! I do take exception to some of the Indian wars when American Indians The Mantis tills a thinking in James P. Johnson's referred to the black cavalry as "Buf- sensible 6"-9" wide (not 20" or more like "Stopping The Invisible Invader" falo Soldiers." The Buffalo Division big tillers). Mantis (May), particularly his reference to saw action in both world wars. My weighs just 20 lbs. (not ownership and use of firearms. Good compliments on a very fine publica- to lbs.). Mantis' 200 300 instruction in the handling of firearms tion, and if I'm wrong I won't cut the tines are so rugged can provide safe and needed home pro- expert medal out of the magazine. they're warranted tection. No well-trained and practiced John M. Gallagher unbreakable for life.. Mantis' engine is so shooter would fire at a dark, shadowy Freeland, Pa. TILLS DEEP! durable we give you a figure any more than a soldier would WEEDS FAST! lifetime replacement go into battle unarmed. Defense of The author responds: I'm willing to bet agreement. Mantis' tines go through home and family is the duty and Con- you saw action in the European thea- tough soil like a chain saw goes through stitutional right of every American ter, hence your instant recognition of wood. No jerking, no yanking you citizen. the 92nd Infantry as being all-black along ... and Mantis f urns on a dime! Put the fun back in gardening. William Biemler Americans. However, the 93rd Divi- sion was also black. It saw action in SEND TODAY FOR FREE INFORMATION! Milan, Ohio the Pacific where it compiled a good For more information write Drunk Drivers combat record at Bougainville, Trea- Mantis Manufacturing Co. I wish to express appreciation to Les- sury Islands, the Solomons, the Dutch 2651 Huntingdon Pike, Dept. 227 ter David for his timely article, "None East Indies and the Philippines. Cut Huntingdon Valley. PA 19006 For The Road" (May). It has been four the expert medal out anyway! Name long years since I lost one of my 13- year-old twin sons to a drunken driver. Labor Address We are active in MADD. With the Not to detract from Jay Stuller's City support of national organizations such claims in "The Changing Face of as The American Legion, perhaps American Labor" (March), I wish to State Zip public apathy to this socially accepted point out that the most fundamental crime will change. Only enlightened element of our economic society is the attitudes will prevent the continuation worker, who must prepare and retrain DO YOU HAVE KNEE PAIN? of death and destruction now caused to remain in our forthcoming techno- • Stiffness after prolonged sitting. by drunk drivers. Those of us who logical workplace. Why is it only the • Aching around the knee cap. have been victims know the heartache worker who must make concessions! • Soreness after a day of activity (golf, etc.). of losing loved ones needlessly. God He is suffering the devastating conse- • Aggravated by stair climbing, long periods of willing, the rest of you will never quences of capital investment by stan ding I walking. know how really terrible it is. My sin- American manufacturers in foreign These symptoms indicate you may have knee cere thanks for this article. companies that result in the worker cap degeneration. This disorder is a common GlLBERTA SHEEHAN here and there being exploited. We problem, regardless of age, occupation and ath- Gardena, Calif. must address the fundamental essen- letic or leisure activity. tials of our economic future together TRY THE ORIGINAL CHO PAT KNEE STRAP • I have read this article with great with the democratic relationship be- The CHO- PAT Knee Strap was designed by medical professionals to help interest and find it to be well-written tween the worker and capitalistic alleviate these symptoms. and very informative. The problem of needs. On those values can be built a Send check or money order to: drunk driving is very serious, and I stronger America. Thank you for a Cho-PA^hc. appreciate your publication's efforts to provocative article. this Catherine Whitman P. 0. Bo* 293 enlighten readers to dangerous Joan Halnesport, NJ 08036 situation. San Antonio, Texas 609-261-1336 Candy Lightner C/rcumference Pres., MADD Size Below Knee Cap Pea Coat Fair Oaks, Calif. X-Small Below 10" Re: Bill Earl's "Coat of Navy Blue" -1 Small Over 1 0V2 2Vi" (January), please spare a word of Med. Over t2Vi-14Vi" praise for the Navy women's raincoat. Large Over 1 4V2-1 6V2" Toughest Quiz X-Large Over I6V2" I do not profess to be an expert on As a Spar I trained with the Waves in

If in doubt, send However, it was the 92nd In- 1942 and was outfitted with Navy exact measurement. WWII. stated in the clothing. The detachable lining and TOLL FREE $11.95 each PPd USA fantry, not the 93rd, as the 800-221-1601 (NJ Residents add 60 Sales tail answers to "Absolutely The Toughest strategically placed buttons made MC Visa accepted Foreign - Pay In U.S. Funds World War II Quiz" (May), that was coat suitable for all weather. Add the the traditional all-black division. The blessed havelock that protected us • Comfortable • Proven Effective from wind and rain and flattered us • Easy to Apply and Adjust with its graceful lines. I still use my trip Used with success in total treatment regime by well Letters published do not necessarily ex- Navy raincoat, most recently on a known sports podiatrist Dr. Steven Subotnick. press the policy of The American Legion. to Alaska. Strap includes information and wearing instructions We reserve the right to both edit and Martha V. BUTLER Canadian Pat. #48053 - U.S. Pats 4334528 S 0265,590 Santa Barbara, Calif. AVAILABLE IN SOME MED/SURG. SUPPLY STORES select letters for publication.

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7 H

THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 Big Issues

Should Congress Support Coal Pipelines?

Yes # American consumers No. Coal slurry pipeline are entitled to the cost saving bene- legislation is being promoted as a fits of having coal moved by inter- cure-all to monopolistic railroad v - ia pric- state pipeline. Today, oil and gas ractices on "captive" coal traffic. j '^4@H^H P move in pipelines originally built fil^y^C^ It is nothing of the sort. In actuality, with federal rights of eminent do- coa ' slurry pipelines may serve to in- lall^k main, and coal pipelines should not crease the burden of railroad rates on be treated differently. BAI much of the coal industry. Sen. Frank Currently, railroads have a virtual Rep. Nick J. To utilize slurry transportation, Murkowski, monopoly over the transportation of Rahall, II, coal shippers must be able to R-Alaska coal. Since railroad deregulation in D-W. VA. negotiate long-term contracts with 1980, the cost of transporting coal by electric utilities. In general, only the rail has risen astronomically. Without the development of large coal producers have this ability. In a region served a competing transportation system, railroad haulage rates by a pipeline, as the railroads lose revenue and traffic from will remain excessively high, increasing the cost of the large coal producers using coal slurry pipelines, they will coal many utilities use to generate electricity. Thus, elec- have to raise railroad rates on the remaining coal produc- tric rates will remain higher than they need to be. ers who cannot tap into the pipeline in order to make up Some utilities have found it cheaper to import foreign for lost business. Under extreme situations, the railroads coal from Poland or , rather than purchase it in may even abandon lines and facilities. Increases in trans- coal-rich America. Because of excessively high transporta- portation rates, and even the loss of transportation, will tion rates, much of our coal remains undeveloped. eventually drive producers not using coal slurry pipelines Sen. J. Bennett Johnston, D-La., I and others have in- in a given region out of business since they will no longer troduced legislation which will make it easier to build in- be competitive. This could only serve to put more coal min- terstate coal slurry pipelines. Under this legislation, coal ers out of work in the Appalachian coal fields. slurry pipelines found to be in the public interest will be The Coal Operator, a coal-field publication from Beckley, given the same rights of eminent domain that railroads W. Va. editorialized: "We do not believe the coal slurry and oil pipelines had when they were developed and which pipelines would be good for the entire coal industry. They natural gas pipelines enjoy today. It isn't fair to deny coal would not help, but hurt, production in the bulk of coal pipelines the same rights these other transportation sys- mining areas in our country." tems were given, just as. it isn't fair to deny consumers the A number of state coal mining associations and the benefits of the lower costs of coal pipelines. United Mine Workers of America, the coal labor union, are The railroad lobby has effectively stalled this legislation also opposed to coal slurry pipeline legislation. in recent years. They have argued that coal slurry Needless to say, less competition for coal production will pipelines threaten the financial viability of the railroads. be felt by the consumer. In this case, lack of competition This is simply not the case. The utilization of American will be realized in higher electric utility bills. coal is expected to rise dramatically during the remainder This is the ninth consecutive year Congress has consid- of the century, and railroads are expected to haul more ered legislation which would grant coal slurry pipelines coal in 1990 than they do today, even if coal pipelines are federal eminent domain authority. In all this time, the built. Therefore, coal pipelines will not be taking business issue was only addressed once by the full House of Repre- away from the railroads; they will only be sharing in the sentatives, when a pipeline bill was defeated by a vote of expanded business expected to occur in the years ahead. 246 — 161, with the majority of coal-state Congressmen Other critics have argued that Western states (where voting against it. much of U.S. coal is found) cannot afford to lose the water As a member of both House committees with jurisdiction that is mixed with the pulverized coal to form the slurry over coal slurry legislation, I have participated in count- moved through the pipeline. Indeed, the Western states less hearings on the subject over the years. Besides my need to retain complete control over their scarce water re- concern over the impact this legislation would have on coal sources. However, the proposed legislation contains lan- production, justifiable concerns have been raised on the ef- guage designed to protect Western water rights. In fact, fect coal slurry pipelines would have on Western water re- this language establishes for the first time the primacy of serves and water pollution. In addition, it is generally held each state's water rights in federal legislation. Thus, this that this federal government promotion of another trans- bill strengthens, not weakens, the ability of Western states portation mode would lead to the loss of thousands of jobs to control their own scarce water resources. in the railroad industry, something my state of West Vir- The time has come for coal slurry pipelines. Consumers ginia could ill-afford. and utilities will benefit from lower transportation costs, In my mind, the role of the federal government should arid Western states will benefit from new water right pro- not be to contribute to higher levels of unemployment, and tection in federal law, and America will be able to better to less competition for coal production. utilize its vast resources of domestic coal.

8

July 1983

" "Outstanding rescue feat . . . —Adm. Chester W. Nimitz News to Use

"A spiritual quest . . . an unforgettable experience" —Gov. Joe Foss (From the Foreword) Car Makers Tackle Consumer Complaints Rightly or wrongly, few industries have been vilified as much as the auto industry for alleged failure to handle consumer complaints systematically and sympathetically. Now car makers and their dealers are setting up formal ma- chinery to act on disputes involving product defects, warranties, service charges, etc. Here's how it works: If you and your dealer can't settle your differences satisfactorily, you can ask an impartial body to mediate and/or arbitrate. The procedure costs you nothing (the auto people foot the bill). Specifically: General Motors: The Better Business Bureau administers GM's mediation- arbitration setup on an area basis (ask your dealer for details). Incidentally, if a dispute goes to arbitration, the panel's decision is binding on both parties — i.e., you can't appeal in court (unless arbitration is a substitute for recall). Ford, Chrysler: Operate their own mediation — arbitration offices in various parts of the country. Unlike GM's system, however, decisions by Ford and Chrysler panels are binding only on the company and its dealers — not on you. You can appeal if still dissatisfied. American Motors: Uses the services of AUTOCAP, operated regionally by the National Automobile Dealers Assn(NADA). If you can't locate an AUTOCAP in your area, call NADA itself for information (703/821-7144). As in the case of Ford and Chrysler, AUTOCAP rulings are binding on dealers and manufactur- ers only. You can seek further redress. Imported Cars: Virtually all foreign car dealers work through AUTOCAP. Ex- ception: Nisson, which uses the Better Business Bureau's facilities. Salvation It's important to note that there are limitations on the types of disputes the mediation-arbitration setups will handle, so find out in advance if your griev- ance qualifies. Petty arguments, especially if they involve older cars, generally ^Doomed are excluded. Basically, the mediation-arbitration idea is to atone for so-called "lemons." Eye LoansWith A Sharp Pencil Galvin John Suppose you took out a $2,000 installment loan for a year at 19 percent. After with Frank Allnutt six months you decide to prepay because interest rates have been dropping. How much do you still owe? Capturing the high drama and Like many who intend to prepay these days, you may be in for a surprise. tension of aerial combat and What you actually would have to pay to close the loan is $1,087.40 ($1,610.74 if warfare, Salvation you wanted to prepay after three months). Why so much? Because lenders gen- erally calculate loans to a "rule of 78" or of the for a Doomed Zoomie is a installment according "sum true story that radiates the digits" method. In nontechnical language this means that your early installment payments carry the heaviest interest burden. Ergo, in the first six months you taut suspense of a young Navy have paid off less than half the principal but more than half the interest (73 fighter pilot caught in the throes percent to be exact). You pay the most interest when you have most of the loan of war. Yet it is more than a at your disposal. "blazing guns" war story— it So the moral is: 1) figure out whether it's worth your while to prepay, and at is the powerful and compelling what point, and 2) before taking out a loan, be sure to study its terms — not just spiritual quest of a man who the interest rate. ultimately finds purpose and meaning in life. "Do-lt-Vfeurselfers" Can Do More Appliance Repairs: If you feel confident you can tackle repairs on such Cloth, with photos: $14.95 appliances as refrigerators, washers, dishwashers, etc., some manufacturers now are prepared to help you. They are selling repair manuals (priced around $7) Available at your bookstore. through dealers, that show you how to cope with a balky appliance and where to If ordering by mail, include get new parts. Additionally, you can get toll-free phone information if you get $1 .50 for postage and handling. stuck while doing the job, or need further diagnostic tips. Colo, residents add sales tax. Blood Pressure: Don't forget to get periodic blood-pressure tests (some organ- izations give them gratis, while some drugstores provide self-testing equipment). Even though there is no real "normal" benchmark, the American Heart Assoc- Allnutt Publishing iation suggests that for those under age 50 a reading up to about 140/90 prob- Box 247 R ably is acceptable; for those who are over 50, a reading of more than 165/95 is a danger sign. Indian Hills CO 80454 By Edgar A. Grunwald

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11 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 Dateline Washington

Cut Former Presidents Benefits? PEOPLE & QUOTES Concerned that former presidents are abusing privileges Don't Ignore Small Biz — "Big business has a very and using tax dollars to become wealthy, a group of legis- skillful lobbying arm . . . Just because small business lators led by Sen. Lawton Chiles, D-Fla., has introduced a doesn't have a powerful Washington lobby doesn't mean bill to halt the increasing costs of services currently pro- it ." that should be ignored . . Faith Ryan Whittlesey, vided to past chief executives. asst. to president in public liaison. — The amount of money spent on benefits to former presi- Explanation Makes Good Weapon "One by one, all dents and their families leaped from $64,000 in 1955 to the evils of the world fell prey to the most powerful of sci- $27 million in 1983. Chiles points out that expenses now ." entific weapons: explanation . . Rex Julian Beaber, exceed the appropriation for the entire White House oper- clinical & forensic psychologist.— ation. In 1980, maintenance costs for former executives' li- Education Opens Mind "Education's purpose: To re- braries amounted to more than $9 million and protection place an empty mind with an open one." Malcolm S. expenses to over $8 million. Forbes, editor-in-chief, Forbes magazine.— Before 1958, the executive-in-chief was virtually the Success Demands Bigger Goals ". . . Business to- only employee of the federal government not covered by day, like the social culture of which it is a part, emphasizes some form of retirement. Now, says Chiles, by failing to short-term goals. But to address major needs effectively place restrictions on presidential libraries, Secret Service demands long-term, large-scale, high-risk investments in protection and staff allowances, Congress has allowed the new products, services and processes." William C. Norris, program to go car beyond its original intent. chairman, Control Data Corp. — Making A Great President "In order to be a great "Education" To Help Smokers president, you've got to be great and you've got to be pres- ident." Rep. Morris Udall, D-Ariz.— Kicking the smoking habit might be easier if the public "Reaganomics" Tag Sticks "Reaganomics — some- were more aware of its harmful effects, according to Rep. where along the line our economic program got tagged Henry A. Waxman, D-Calif, sponsor of the Comprehensive with that label. To tell you the truth, it isn't a name I Smoking Prevention Education Act. Supported in his ef- would have chosen. It sounds like a fad diet or an aerobic forts by such organizations as the American Heart Asso- exercise. But we seem to be stuck with it." President ciation, American Lung Association and the American Ronald Reagan. Cancer Society, Waxman says numerous opinion polls Second Guessing The Soviets —"We Americans have show many smokers do not believe they will personally tended to look on nuclear weapons as being so horrible suffer from the habit. that they will never be used. The Soviets are no more anx- As estimated 54 million Americans smoke, and the ious for nuclear war than we are. But they do believe one number of young people lighting up is growing. In addi- could occur, and they are doing everything they can to tion, Waxman feels citizens should know that 300,000 die prepare for it. The essence of our planning to deter nuclear each year from smoking — six times the number killed on war must be not what we think about its possibility, but our nation's highways annually. Cigarettes are addictive what the Soviets think about it." Brent Scowcroft, and a major cause of cancer of the lungs and larynx, chairman, President's Commission on Strategic Forces. among other ailments. Cold War Nowhere In Sight — "We're a long way from His bill would change the current label on cigarette a new Cold War. My gut feeling runs in the opposite direc- packages to reflect recent data obtained from research. It tion. In the past three to four years, despite a serious de- would also require disclosure of the amount of tar, nicotine terioration in rhetoric, both sides have been much more and carbon monoxide, as well as the ingredients used in cautious in behavior and, from time to time, each has the production of cigarettes. made almost desperate attempts to stay in contact." William G. Hyland, former adviser— on Soviet Affairs. Who's Ripping Off Who? ". . . Taypayers have to Investigators Miss Major Cases understand that they are the ones being ripped off, rather Criminal investigators for the Department of Defense are than the government." Roscoe Egger Jr., commissioner, spending too much time on petty illegal activities such as Internal Revenue Service. inflated expense accounts and unauthorized telephone calls Misguided Emphasis —"Everyone must agree that law and not enough time on major fraud cases. schools train their students more for conflict than for the A recent study conducted by the General Accounting gentler arts of reconciliation and accommodation. This Office (GAO) found that 62 percent of the investigations emphasis is likely to serve the profession poorly. Over the surveyed pertained to crimes involving less than $500. next generation, I predict, society's greatest opportunities Only 4 percent involved amounts over $5,000. Allegations will lie in tapping human inclinations toward collabora- sometimes appeared to be more serious than they actually tion and compromise rather than stirring our proclivities were, while in other instances investigators knew be- for competition and rivalry." Derek C. Bok, president, forehand that losses were not significant. Calculating the Harvard University. — cost of conducting these inquiries is impossible because Understanding For All "Our democracy depends on records are not maintained on an individual basis. a good deal of mutual understanding among people from Since investigators for the Army, Navy and Air Force all walks of life. This is enhanced markedly when students lack the authority needed to conduct thorough probes, the of accomplishment and promise — whether from poor, GAO recommends that restrictions be lifted from existing middle-income or well-to-do families — are educated to-

." laws and new legislation be enacted to remedy the dif- gether . . William G. Bowen, editor, U.S. News & World ficulties now faced in the investigation procedures. Report.

12 \ THIS IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO RENEWEARL Y!

1984 DUES NOTICES WILL BE ARRIVING IN YOUR MAIL* ON OR ABOUT AUGUST FIRST.

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*except members of Posts not participating in Direct Renewal THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

where most suits are filed. Although it's difficult, if not impossible, to get an exact count, in the last complete at- RunawayLaw: tempt made, in 1977, we brought some 12 million suits against each other. The figure today, clearly, must be higher. Whether the contentious point is a OurLitigious paralyzing injury, a perceived con- stitutional right or, as happened just last year, a missing prize from a Cracker Jack box, Americans are going after each other with a venge- society ance. Personal injury cases compose a major and highly visible share. Two years ago, during a convention of the American Trial Lawyers Association — It appears lawyers a 40,000-member group specializing in defending individuals against criminal are replacing charges and filing damage suits on their client's behalf— these attorneys church andfamily predicted a boom business in auto ac- cident awards, and in suits arising as America's from injuries caused by toxic chemical exposure. And since the meeting was problem solvers held shortly after the collapse of the elevated walkway at Kansas City's Hyatt Regency Hotel, the lawyers viewed such building failures as By Jay Stuller had fallen on the icy walk. perhaps another area of expanding What? Preposterous, you say. Maybe litigation. When construction worker William so, but not to the Supreme Judicial It's said that a just cause without Brown left his Wakefield, Mass., home Court of The Commonwealth of profit makes a poor case. And personal on a cold December morning in 1978, Massachusetts, which indeed granted injury cases, which can produce in- he took one look at the ice and snow on Shirley Brown the right to sue her credibly large, multi-million dollar the sidewalk, cast a glance at the large negligent husband. And though this verdicts, Certainly can be profitable for flakes that continued to fall from the case may sound bizarre, it's merely attorneys, who generally receive a gray sky, and figured shoveling would another in a rising tide of legal third to half the award in "contingency be pretty much useless. Not long after, decisions —judgments that stretch the fees." (That is, the lawyer takes on the however, his wife Shirley stepped out concept and reaches of liability while client at no fee, researches and presses onto the walk, slipped and fell, break- increasing the power of Americans to the case, but collects only if the client ing two bones in her pelvis. bring just about any and every dispute wins.) Where million dollar awards The stuff of a nifty little family beef, into the halls of justice. were rare just 10 to 15 years ago, they right? The kind where it takes nearly We have, of course, always been a are now coming down at a rate of a year for Shirley to let up on her mate litigation-minded citizenry, an out- nearly one per week. This, quite obvi- for shirking his duties? Well, perhaps growth of our democratic system, ously, stimulates more filings. so with most such instances, but in the which allows even the common man Blaming the growing ranks of Brown household not a nagging word quite liberal access to the courts. As American attorneys would be all too was uttered. Instead, Shirley merely far back as 1835, the French writer easy. There are some 610,000 lawyers hit her husband with a $35,000 dam- and statesman Alexis de Tocqueville in this country today, the highest per age suit. That's correct. She went and noted our remarkable penchant for capita rate in the world. We have four sued him! choosing dueling attorneys rather times the number, per capita, as Great Were the pair subsequently di- than pistols. But over the last three Britain; five times that of West Ger- vorced, separated or simply spitting decades the pace of lawsuit filings has many and 20 times the number in Ja- marital venom at each other, the case quickened to the point where we're pan. Law schools pump out roughly might seem somewhat logical. But de- now afflicted with what's a litigious 30,000 new attorneys each year, al- spite the legal tussle, the parents of fever, an ascending heat that shows though at least 30 percent of those five children remain, as they claim, not a sign of peaking. who pass the bar can't find jobs. They "happily married." The reasoning be- For example, in early 1982, for the filter into business, or set up practice hind her suit was, you see, not to get first time ever in a 12-month period, and scramble for business, in many even, but to force Mr. Brown's civil suits filed in federal courts ex- cases risking their time for the homeowners insurance policy to com- ceeded 200,000, a 14 percent jump over possibly great rewards of a successful pensate Mrs. Brown for the accident, the previous year. This, however, is personal injury case. just as if she were some stranger who trifling compared to state courts, The numbers of attorneys, quite ob-

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

viously, is responsible for some of our someone maimed by a certain com- distributed and retailed by other mer- legal explosion. But on the other hand, pany's product? Put him on the trash chants. The direct "privity" — or con- these lawyers are also meeting a pub- heap? We lawyers are not the cause of tract between producer and con- lic demand for legal services. William anyone's misery. The cause is that sumer — blurred, which made liability Reece Smith, the former president of some companies occasionally produce harder to prove. Moreover, "buyer be- the American Bar Association, says shabby products, and even if they are ware" was an accepted part of life. the rush to the courts is due more to trying to make things in good, re- Also, as the law developed, there our "open, pluralistic society, where sponsible faith, when they hurt some- existed the theory of "contributory" people can vindicate old wrongs and body, they ought to be responsible for negligence, which is still in force in pursue newly perceived ones." their actions." many American states. In a strict To Smith, the public has come to Well and good. And in fact, laws sense, if a plaintiff were only 10 per- think of lawyers as the new secular governing such things go back to pre- cent in error in helping cause his in- priests, the problem solvers and industrial England. This, of course, jury, he could therefore be- kept from friendly ears in a cold and cruel soci- was an economy of craftsmen and recovering any damages whatsoever. ety. "I think this is due to a decline in shopkeepers, and laws for liability In practice today, this has been the strength of older institutions, like weakened and rarely totally bars re- church and family," he explains. covery. "People are turning from these old Plaintiff attorneys "Comparative" negligence has gen- problem solvers to the courts, which, of erally replaced the contributory course, puts a strain on the system." "just might be theory, in statute and practice. Here, Indeed, in some jurisdictions, it can an injured party's actions are taken take from four to five years to bring a close to killing the into account. For instance, if a man is civil case to trial. From the smallest of sotted out of his senses, drives too fast, courts, to even the U.S. Supreme golden goose." pushes his car to the limit, yet a part Court, judges are complaining about breaks that shouldn't have, even the case load. "The rule of law," says under the excessive strain, then if he's Supreme Court Associate Justice were based on a direct, personal rela- injured he can still sue. Although his Lewis Powell Jr., "reduced to tionship between the producer of goods clear stupidity is taken into account, wholesale justice by the crush of cases, and the consumer. The times, how- the plaintiff can usually collect dam- could be the ultimate victim" should ever, were quite different from today. ages from the subcontractor who built this crush continue. In a speech to In a small community, suing a mer- the part, the auto manufacturer and American Bar Association members, chant was not only socially abhorrent, even the dealer who may have failed Powell pointed out that cases run from but harmed the tribal good. Moreover, to properly inspect the vehicle. "the utterly trivial — a state prisoner's since both parties usually knew each The idea of contributory negligence suit claiming negligence of prison other well, the man who made a de- seems to make good sense. It should officials for the loss of a $23 parcel — to fective product likely would give will- protect manufacturers — and anyone cases of extraordinary complexity," as ing assistance to a person it harmed. else who is sued — from the mistakes with the IBM and AT&T antitrust With the beginning of the Industrial of others. But in reality, liability has suits. "I'm a Redskin fan," added Pow- Revolution in the mid-1880s, things been stretched so far in favor of plain- ell, "but did not join in a suit filed to became more complex: products were tiffs that it's to the point where it overturn a referee's call — an outra- mass-produced, parts for an item were covers truly idiotic behavior. geous one that I saw — that ended a made by several companies, and as- As a result, the types of cases some- game against St. Louis unhappily." sembled by still another. It was then (Continued on page 36) There have, however, been some tremendous benefits from all the legal activity, from expanded job rights to truth-in-lending, increased tenant rights, better worker and product safety. "Look, anytime you get a soci- ety that's more educated, you leave ig- norance behind," says noted Houston plaintiff lawyer Joe Jamail,., a man who can hang a multitude of million dollar personal injury verdicts on his belt. "And people have become more aware of their rights. "I think this came from the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War and the advent of people who want to know more about their rights" adds Jamail. "No longer are people going to let you kick them and lie there getting kicked. Lawyers didn't invent shabbi- ness. What are we going to do with

15 July 1983

For 39,000 American soldiers, the Korean "Police Action" continues

A Fragile Truce

By Jerome Greer Chandler U.S. Army, Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command in the It came to an end, so many believe, Republic of Korea. in a large wooden building called Gen. Sennewald brings to his job the Armistice Hall. There, on July 27, special insights of a soldier who fought 1953, Lt. Gen. W. K. Harrison of the in both Korea and Vietnam. He knows United States and Gen. Nam II of the Far East — the land and its North Korea, sat down at separate people — as well as any U.S. soldier tables and affixed their signatures to can, having served on the staffs of both an agreement designed to halt 37 the United Nations Command in months of hell. In a little over three Korea and as Deputy Commander-in- years, 33,629 Americans had died Chief/Chief of Staff for the U.S. Pacific under the banner of a United Nations Command. "police action." In this interview, Gen. Sennewald Thirty years later, the most visible shows he knows that the real Korean symbol of that war is a television pro- War is something much, much more gram, M*A*S*H, a series now in re- than a TV rerun. runs. Production has stopped. But, in a Legion — Gen. Sennewald, 30 years very real sense, the Korean War con- after the Armistice was signed, just tinues. what is the relationship between Since 1953, 58 Americans have been the two Koreas? killed in incidents North Korea has Sennewald — The relationship today sparked along the DMZ. More than is what it was when the guns fell si- Gen. Robert W. Sennewald is the 100 have been wounded. South Korean lent: a military truce, binding on the senior U.S. military man in South (ROK) dead since the armistice num- forces of either side. The truce defines Korea. At top, an M.P. is shown at ber in the hundreds. the terms of the Armistice and pro- Panmunjom, site of the ongoing Three decades after Panmunjom, vides a mechanism to settle alleged negotiations between North and The American Legion Magazine in- violations without resorting to force. South Korea. terviewed Gen. Robert W. Sennewald, The 1953 Korean Armistice Agree-

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

ment is not a peace treaty; in fact, no was denied during the 1950-53 war: solve the issues that had spawned the peace treaty has ever been signed. The Communist rule over the entire penin- war and, thus, enable the Korean Republic of Korea in the south and the sula. peninsula to be unified. The talks Democratic People's Republic of Legion — How closely does the failed and the Armistice Agreement Korea — Communist North Korea — United Nations Command work remained in effect — today being the remain divided by ideology and by a with the ROK military? Who is in longest military truce in modern his- heavily armed border, the 4,000 charge and how are command de- tory. The UNC remained on duty in meter-wide Demilitarized Zone across cisions made: say the decision to Korea to oversee compliance with the the waist of the peninsula. commit America's 39,000 troops to Armistice terms; to plan for defense of There were real, although tenuous, combat? the ROK, which kept most of its mili- contacts between the north and south Sennewald — The UNC, headed by tary forces under operational control of in both Red Cross and political chan- the United States in accordance with a the UNC's commander, and, if neces- nels during the 1970s, but they were resolution of the UN Security Council sary, to respond to a renewal of North unable to make substantive progress. in 1950, led the defense against the Korean aggression with a military de- The ROK continues efforts to resume, North Korean invaders and their sub- fense. talks with the north to resolve differ- sequent augmentation by Communist In 1978, the command structure for ences peacefully; in every case, these Chinese "Volunteers" in the 1950-53 defense of the ROK was revised with have been rejected by North Korea in war. The Armistice Agreement signed establishment of the ROK/US Com- favor of its own proposals, which, were on July 27, 1953, to stop the shooting bined Forces Command (CFC) — a bi- they implemented, would give (North in Korea, recommended political talks national headquarters that assumed

Korean leader) Kim II Sung what he among the nations concerned to re- ( Continued on page 40)

North Korea's military might has grown far beyond Below, 30 years after the truce was any reasonable agreement for a requisite defense. signed, U.S. military forces continue to cast a wary eye on the demilitarized zone between the two Koreas. PHOTO BY SYGMA THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 Americas Enduring

male and typically the head of a Whether designing household. They enroll in a course to get a second skill, keep their current job, get promoted in their current job, or bring in additional income. a yacht or balancing Although patterned after European educational experiments, corre- spondence instruction in America evolved uniquely as a flexible ap- the books — you can proach toward solving the instruc- tional problems of the Republic. Whether based in a resident univer- sity or a private school devoted exclu- learn it by mail sively to correspondence instruction, successful schools met an educational need that was not being met by resi- dent schools, usually vocational train- By Angelo John Lewis gramming or yacht design, to diamond ing. appraisal or even baseball coaching. One example is the International A few years ago, Sal Savino of They can study at their convenience, Correspondence School (ICS), which Weehawken, N.J., enrolled in a corre- without the pressure of the classroom initially was formed to meet the voca- spondence course in digital computer or the stigma of receiving a grade. tional needs of the mining industry. electronics. Although already enrolled Although its mention elicits sneers Incorporated as the Engineer in a 4-year electrical engineering pro- from some educational traditionalists, Company in 1890, ICS was the brain- gram at the New Jersey Institute of home study has made important con- child of Thomas J. Foster, a newspa- Technology, he felt that learning about tributions in the education field. By perman who published The Shenan- computer electronics would give him 1960, for example, one out of every doah Herald in the mining valleys of an edge in a competitive job market. four certified public accountants and Pennsylvania. After a series of mining He successfully completed both pro- one of 10 licensed engineers had disasters in the area, Foster agitated grams and today credits his corre- learned their subjects through the through his paper for tougher mining spondence moonlighting with helping mails. During the late 1960s and early laws. Foster's efforts were rewarded in him land a lucrative job. He designs 1970s, more than one-third of all 1885, when the state legislature instrumentation systems for nuclear active duty service people who took passed laws requiring mine foremen to power plants, a job he says enables advantage of GI Bill benefits did so by pass competency examinations. him to make use of both skills. enrolling in correspondence schools. Foster started a question and an- Although he probably didn't know it By 1980, more than 6,000 businesses swer column in his newspaper to pre- when he received his first correspond- had used correspondence courses to ence lesson in the mail, Savino was improve employees' skills. following in the footsteps of more than Famous correspondence students 55 million Americans who have taken include former President Jimmy Car- correspondence courses since 1900. ter, Chrysler Corporation founder Wal- With enrollments declining in many ter P. Chrysler, former Senator Stuart universities, home study is one of the Symington, "Peanuts" cartoonist few forms of education that's booming. Charles Schultz and singers Donny More than 3 million Americans are and Marie Osmond. Schultz credited now taking courses by mail for credit, the staff of the now defunct Art In- vocational training or simply for fun. struction Schools with "guiding my One of the most versatile forms of beginning steps in art." The Osmond continuing education, home study has siblings obtained their high school di- survived its murky turn-of-the-century ploma from The American School, origins, when fast-buck artists offered based in Chicago, which annually pie-in-the-sky career opportunities in teaches 40,000 high school students by ads on matchbook covers and in pulp mail. magazines. Although there are dozens of exam- The National Home Study Council, ples of correspondence students who the field's principal trade organization, became famous, the mainstay of this has improved the industry's reputation unique form of instruction is the aver- by requiring accreditation of member age American who is struggling to get schools. Moreover, studies show that ahead. Says the National Home Study the average correspondence course Council's Michael P. Lambert: "Our costs about a third of a comparable data shows that the average corre- course in a college or university and spondence school student is 35 years students can enroll in a variety of old, with a high school education and a courses ranging from computer pro- year of college. The average student is

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 Tradition

pare the miners for the examination. mand for his classes by establishing a accountants in the country and "half of He also printed the answers from state correspondence course in 1881. Harper the lawyers west of the Mississippi." It examinations given in the past. The later became the principal of the went out of business, says Marshall, column soon expanded to fill a page Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts because its services were being dupli- and demand for instruction grew so and the president of the University of cated by the rising community college great that Foster and his engineer Chicago. While in Chicago, the man system. friends wrote pamphlets on subjects credited with being "the father of cor- The American School was started in such as arithmetic, hydrostatics and respondence instruction" established a Boston in 1897 with the purpose, ac- kinematics. "It proved to be the right university extension program that cording to its charter, of bringing product at the right time," says ICS's continued for. 72 years. much-needed training to America's Gerald Burns. "He eventually Although many of the first corre- wage earners. Established following expanded it into a correspondence spondence schools were founded on the the enactment of widespread compul- course." East Coast, the center of the young sory school attendance laws, the school Since 1891, when the school enrolled correspondence movement shifted to saw as its mission the education of Thomas Coates as its first student, ICS Chicago early on. The Midwest was high school dropouts. "Way back then," has enrolled 8 million students, in- the system's logical home because of says William Hunding, the school's cluding former Mexican president its dependence on the postal system. vice president, "it was felt that an Abelardo Rodriguez and former Satur- Says Charles Marshall, former educa- education was needed for those people day Evening Post publisher Walter tion vice president of Chicago's fa- of mediocre means who had to go out Fuller. The company helped most mous LaSalle Extension University: and find jobs and work, but who branches of the military start their "Chicago is pretty close to the center of couldn't afford to go to school. That own correspondence courses and is the country. So from a logistical was our philosophy then and that's our currently training people for more standpoint, mailings could go ex- philosophy now." than 75 of the Fortune 500's top 100 peditiously to the East Coast and West The American School's enrollment corporations. Coast. One of the most important peaked around 1963 at an incredible Other early experiments in corre- things in home study is the return of 100,000 students worldwide —justify- spondence education also arose to lesson evaluations in a timely man- ing its claim at the time of being "the fulfill unmet educational needs. Anna ner." largest high school in the world." The Eliot Tickner's Society to Encourage Two of the major schools established school moved to Chicago in 1901 and Studies at Home was formed in Boston in Chicago by 1908 were LaSalle Ex- today includes among its students in 1873 to provide learning opportuni- tension University and the American many in the entertainment and sports ties for women who lived far away School. The former, which closed in fields, as well as children from diplo- from centers of learning. William 1981, was famous for its business matic and industrial backgrounds. Rainey Harper, a Hebrew teacher at training. According to Marshall, there One persistent theme of the Ameri- Baptist Theological Seminary in Mor- was a time when the school had can home study movement has been gan Park, 111., responded to the de- trained a tenth of the certified public (Continued on page 44)

PM

19 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

Shortly before 6 p.m. on a bitterly cold paper. During the days to come, there day, an armored truck drew up at were numerous revisions — by a com- a side entrance of Union Station in mittee of the Continental Congress Washington. Working swiftly, two men and by the Congress itself. slid a flat, 150-pound wooden box from Finally, on July 4, 1776, a Thursday the interior. Accompanied by four afternoon, it was adopted. The white- Seciet Service men with revolvers paneled room on Chestnut St., where drawn, they carried it aboard the East- the outlawed parliament was meeting, lake, an all-Pullman sleeper whose was airless, as the perspiring dele- locomotive was hissing steam in prep- gates, swatting horseflies buzzing in aration for departure. from an adjoining stable through the Promptly at 6:30, the train chuffed tall open windows, voted for their from the station and sped into the freedom without a state dissenting. gathering- night. Sixteen hours later, It was done. The colonies were "free the Eastlake pulled into Louisville, and independent states." But a docu- Ky., where a cavalry troop of the 13th ment proclaiming the momentous Armored Division and a half-dozen event did not yet exist. federal agents were waiting. The crate After its adoption, the Congress de- was loaded onto another armored ve- creed that the Declaration of Indepen- hicle, which raced 30 miles down U.S. dence be copied in a large clear hand 31W to Fort Knox. Young visitors to the National Archives on parchment and signed by all mem- At the U.S. Bullion Depository in Washington, D.C., view the bers. The task fell to Col. Timothy Building on Gold Vault Road, a 20-ton Declaration of Independence through Matlack of the 5th Battalion, Pennsyl- steel door swung open, the box was its protective case. vania Militia, assistant to Charles borne inside and placed in Compart- Thomson, secretary of the Congress. ment 24 on the ground level. decades and techniques now employed Matlack was an expert calligrapher. It was December 24, 1941 — 17 days to insure its preservation. He had performed an excellent job after the Japanese attack on Pearl The saga of the sheet of parchment writing out George Washington's Harbor — and the Declaration of Inde- began on a June day in Philadelphia commission as Commander in Chief of pendence had completed its last great when a lanky, red-haired young man, the Continental Army. The colonel adventure. Only a handful of Ameri- just turned 33, dipped a quill pen into scoured Philadelphia for a sheet of fine cans knew then, that it had been spi- ink and began writing on a portable parchment, often called vellum, made rited from the capital to storage in the mahogany desk he balanced on his from untanned calfskin. He found a 7 7 two-story granite, steel and concrete knees. He had designed the "writing piece 24 /i6 by 29 /s inches, bought structure at Fort Knox, safe if enemy box" and it held paper, pens and other fresh pens and ink, and set to work. bombs fell on Washington. writing paraphenalia. He was travel- By late July, he had finished the The birth of America's most cher- ing much those days and writing copying and, on August 2, 41 members ished document was, of course, one of supplies were not always available. of the Congress affixed their signatur- the world's great dramas. Far less In his rented apartment on the es. The other 15 — absent that day or known is the story of its wanderings corner of Market and Seventh Sts., elected afterward — added their names through the years, its hairsbreadth es- Thomas Jefferson set down the immor- later. capes from destruction, its neglect for tal words on several sheets of ordinary When all had finished, Secretary

20 —

THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

Thomson rolled up the parchment, docked at the new city. Through the pack and hide the country's precious from the top down, and filed it in his years, historians have shuddered as documents. office at the State House with other they recalled the voyage. Had a storm Stephen Pleasanton, a clerk, hurried papers of the Congress. The Declara- arisen and the vessel gone to the out to buy yards of coarse linen, which tion's travels had begun. bottom — hardly uncommon in those he and others fashioned into bags. In During the uncertain years of the days — the Declaration would have them they thrust books, records — and Revolutionary War, as the fortunes of been lost forever. the Declaration. Filling up a cart, they the colonials ebbed and rose, the Dec- Fourteen years later, in August took their precious load to an aban- laration shuttled from city to city with 1814, it faced its gravest threat thus doned grist mill in Virginia, about two the Continental Congress. far. War had again erupted between miles beyond the Chain Bridge span- Its first journey was taken only four the United States and Britain, this ning the Potomac. months after the signing, when word time over freedom of the seas. James There the Declaration lay, as the came that 7,000 British troops, under Monroe, Secretary of State, received British, under Gen. Robert Ross, ad- Gen. John Burgoyne, were being sent word that enemy troops were close to vanced on Washington. But its guard- to attack Philadelphia. Thomson and the city. Galloping out to see for him- ians felt the document was not safe an aide hastily scooped up all the rec- self, Monroe watched as 4,000 British enough. Under cover of darkness, they ords of the Congress, and loaded them regulars began landing along the again loaded the cart and took it to onto a light wagon. On December 12, banks of the Patuxent River, 15 miles Leesburg, Va., 35 miles from the city, the wagon trundled over snowy roads north of Washington. where it was stored in the home of the to , about 100 miles to the Racing back, he sent word to aides: Continued . . . southwest. There, still rolled and wrapped in a protective cloth, the Dec- served for 23 years until his re- laration was deposited in an office. tirement in 1981, declared: "The Three months later, the roads Declaration is an extremely im- muddy and rutted by early spring portant document, for it sets out rains, the wagon jounced the Declara- the ideals and aspirations of our tion back to Philadelphia, where it American society. The Declara- remained until September 27. On that tion stands for equality of oppor- day it moved to Lancaster, Pa., where tunity, which is an American it stayed only 24 hours before being ideal. While it says every Ameri- taken to York, Pa., and lodged in the can is entitled to life, liberty and city's courthouse. the pursuit of happiness, it can- Nine months later, it returned again It is considered the "noblest" of not, however, guarantee them. to the city of its birth, where it was American documents but, sur- That is done by the Constitution replaced in Thomson's office. For five prisingly, the Declaration of which guarantees that life and full years it rested there in a cabinet Independence has no legal stand- liberty cannot be taken away as the war raged. After Lord Cornwal- ing. It articulates brilliantly without due process of law." lis surrendered at Yorktown and free- what the colonists felt were Said Arthur J. Goldberg, who dom was imminent, it moved suc- man's innate rights to life, lib- served on the court from 1962 to cessively to Princeton, Annapolis, — erty and the pursuit of happi- 1965: "The Declaration of Inde- Trenton and New York. ness, ideals still treasured today pendence, to use a phrase of Chief By the end of 1790, it was back in in this country and all over the Justice Marshall in relation to Philadelphia but still had no perma- world. And yet, it presents no our Constitution, is a document nent home. Every few years it was legal yardstick with which to designed to live for the ages. shifted from building to building in measure these rights. That was "This it is doing. After more the first American capital — to an left to the Constitution of the than 200 years since the Decla- office on Market St., to another at United States, adopted in 1787. ration was proclaimed, it retains Arch and Sixth Sts., and yet another Why, then, is it revered? The contemporary significance and at Fifth and Chestnut Sts. Declaration the first docu- will be relevant to our future. It In 1800, the north section of Wash- was ment to so define the rights of is one of the great documents of ington, D.C. — the country's new capi- man in society. The Constitu- liberty and freedom, and ranks tal, named after its first President tion, followed, provided first foremost them. was completed on the shores of the which and among Potomac River. As Jefferson, the the framework for guaranteeing "Although the Declaration of rights is discrete from newly elected Chief Executive, pre- those and interpreting Independence them in the light of the times. the Constitution, which has legal pared to ride to his inauguration on In exclusive interviews with significance, the Declaration, horseback, the Declaration underwent The American Legion Magazine, nevertheless, embodies the spirit its first sea voyage. two leading American jurists, of the Constitution and the eter- Aboard a small vessel where it was both former justices of the Su- nal goals for our country, par- still rolled and covered, it sailed down Court, explained the true ticularly in its opening sentence, the Delaware River into Delaware Bay preme meaning of the document. 'that all men are created equal and out on the Atlantic. At Cape Justice Potter Stewart, who Charles it hooked into the Chesapeake Bay, then sailed up the Potomac and

21 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

. . . Continued was exhibited for 17 more years in the imposing white structure midway Rev. Mr. Littlejohn. library of the Department of State. between the White House and the It arrived there just before the day When it reached 118, it was consid- Capitol, it is enshrined today. the British burned the Capitol and ered so fragile that it was hermetically This is how you see it now: other government buildings. Not until sealed between two sheets of glass and Walk up 38 steps on the Constitu- the British had left the city the follow- locked away in a safe, exhibited only tion Ave. entrance, pass through the ing month did Monroe feel it was safe rarely by order of the Secretary of portico with its stately Corinthian col- to call for its return. State, and then in diffused light. umns and through the great bronze In the early 1800s, lack of scientific In 1921, it went traveling again. On doors to the Cathedral-like rotunda knowledge combined with inexplicable September 21, Herbert Putnam, then capped by a magnificent domed ceil- neglect did more to harm the Declara- Librarian of Congress, climbed aboard ing. At the centerpoint of an arc of tion than war, fire or risky journeys. the library's mail delivery truck, a display cases containing other docu- As Washington grew, it was moved Model-T Ford, and was driven to the ments rests the Declaration and, below from building to building until, in State Department. Inside, Putnam it, the Constitution. Two flags flank 1841, Secretary of State Daniel Web- signed receipts for both the Declara- the cases on each side. An armed ster ordered the document transferred tion and the Constitution and, with guard is on duty. to the newly constructed Patent Office the help of aides, carried them to the The Declaration is protected by the headquarters, a magnificent white truck. Storing them atop a stack of most advanced scientific and security marble edifice at Seventh and F. Sts. mail bags, he drove them to the li- methods. With the Constitution and Unrolled and encased in a standard brary on Independence Ave. At the age the Bill of Rights, it comes into view at frame, it hung in a white-painted hall of 145, it had found a suitable home 9:45 a.m. each day, 15 minutes before for 35 years. Opposite was a tall although still not a permanent one. the public is admitted, brought up window through which the sunlight In 1924, as President and Mrs. Cal- electrically from a vault 22 feet below. streamed for hours daily. In winter, it vin Coolidge looked on, a shrine was When the building closes, they are was unprotected against constant dedicated on the second floor. Sealed in lowered. The massive doors on top chilling in the unheated hall. Inevita- a special sandwich of insulating glass, swing shut and the documents are bly, the exposure took its toll. By 1856, the Declaration was placed in a white stored safely in their 50-ton concrete the ink had faded perceptibly and the marble niche at eye level behind a and steel enclosure. parchment itself began to yellow. three-sided stone rail. A million people Few of the noble words are legible In 1870, the Historical Magazine, came to see it every year, including now. Visitors can read "In Congress, asserting that the British Museum the Queen of England when she was July 4, 1776" and make out the sig- was constantly restoring old manu- still Princess Elizabeth. nature of John Hancock. The rest is a scripts to their original conditions, ex- Then came the war and the move to blur. But it won't deteriorate further. pressed surprise that "no effort had Fort Knox. . . . If reasonable care is taken, docu- been made by the United States Gov- The security surrounding the trans- ments made of animal parchment can ernment to save" the Declaration. Re- fer was light years beyond that of 127 be preserved almost indefinitely. And porting that almost all the signatures years before, when it had been stuffed reasonable care, according to the Na- are "entirely effaced," the publication into a makeshift linen bag and hauled tional Bureau of Standards, means warned that in a few years "only the by cart to the grist mill. This time, the "protection against any obvious forms naked parchment will remain." document lay between manila paper of contamination such as dirt or cor- Besides sun and cold, another factor sheets from which all acid had been rosive substances, chemically active proved damaging. In 1820, an removed, had been wrapped in rag, gases such as sulfur dioxide, excessive engraver named William J. Stone had neutral millboard and slipped inside a or deficient moisture, and insects and been commissioned to create a fac- bronze container that was sealed with microorganisms." simile. In those days, before the pro- lead. The container was slid into a The bureau drew up the plans for cess was developed to a high art, this heavy wooden crate and nailed shut. the protection of the Declaration and was a 3-year task involving what was At the Bullion Depository, the doc- other documents, and this is how it is called a wet sheet transfer during ument was inspected regularly and, in safeguarded now from damage: it is which the ink on the document was 1944, when the Joint Chiefs of Staff hermetically sealed in a special re- partly detached and reimposed on a concluded that Washington was safe ceptacle of insulating glass which fil- copper plate. After etching, copies from enemy air attack, it was returned ters out harmful ultraviolet rays. Air, could be printed. The National Ar- in secret to its Library of Congress which contains impurities, has been chives and Records Service, current shrine. During its absence, a facsimile expelled and helium, an inert gas in custodians of the document, says this had been there in its place. Tourists which molds and insects are unable to method "may well have hastened the still came by the millions during its live has been introduced, along with a physical deterioration of the docu- two-and-one-half-year absence, and carefully measured amount of water ment." everyone thought the copy they saw vapor. On its 100th birthday, the Declara- was the genuine document. The odyssey is over. To those 56 tion was taken to Philadelphia and One last move remained. On De- patriots who pledged their lives, their read aloud in Independence Square. cember 13, 1952, the Declaration and fortunes and their sacred honor, Amer- Journalists covering the event called Constitution were repacked and taken ica can say that the Declaration they the document "age-dimmed" and in a tank to the National Archives proclaimed to the world is home at "faded and crumbling." Back in Wash- Building, escorted by guards from all last, its wanderings ended and its ington, still in its single-glass frame, it the armed services. There, in the safety assured. O

22 —

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Address. NO PUZZLE! NO CONTEST! City .State. NO NEED TO BE AT THE CONVENTION TO WIN. Legion or Auxiliary Membership Card #_ THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 Veterans' Update

Recent congressional activities directly concern the Hemisphere Task Force have begun making the rounds legislative priorities of The American Legion. Below is a on Capitol Hill. These findings underscore the strategic status report of those initiatives. Note we've grouped importance of this largely impoverished area of the them under Legion commission names so you may world. Debate has focused on requests for additional quickly identify legislative areas of personal interest. aid to El Salvador. While the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee voted to approve the full $60 million re- Americanism. Immigration legislation in both the quested by the administration, their House counterparts House and Senate continues to move forward. The legis- granted only $30 million in new military aid. lation is basically the same in both houses, including amnesty provisions for illegal aliens that the Legion has Internal Affairs. The House has included $879 million opposed. The Senate version (S.529) contains amend- for the Revenue Foregone Postal subsidy in its first FY ments that would reduce from 18 to 12 months the '84 budget resolution. That sum is sufficient to stabilize period during which illegals may apply for legalization. nonprofit postage rates at their current levels through Also in an effort to help defray the cost of the program, the next fiscal year. The Senate, on the other hand, has a minimum legalization fee of $100 has been adopted. recommended $775 million, a two percent increase over The House version (H.R. 1510) includes an amendment the current budget and an indication that the Senate has that would add badly needed supplemental appropria- recognized that increased postage costs are impacting on tions for the Immigration and Naturalization Service. the quality of volunteer activities in their states.

. . . The Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Con- stitution has begun consideration of Senate Joint Reso- National Security. The administration continues to lution 73 to amend the Constitution with regard to push for a $280.5 billion defense budget, which repre- school prayer. While the Legion supports the issue of sents a 10.2 percent increase in real growth (allowing for school prayer, we feel the more expedient approach is inflation). The House has approved $263.9 billion for that of legislatively limiting Supreme Court jurisdiction defense, representing a 4 percent increase. And the in the area, which may be accomplished without resort- Senate has adopted a $267 billion defense budget (5 per-

ing to altering the Constitution. . . . The Legion has cent real growth). Thus, Congress has indicated they urged the House and Senate to act on measures that will halve the administration budget request unless would require the Pledge of Allegiance be included as greater flexibility is shown. As noted in the Magazine part of the June 14 National Flag Day activities. last month, the Legion is particularly concerned where the cuts will be made to accommodate the reduced fund- Children & Youth. A permanent director for the ing levels, including MX missile basing, the Bl-B Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention bomber and operations and maintenance (O&M) funds. (OJJDP) has been confirmed. Alfred Regnery's planned direction for that agency is one the Legion supports. Veterans Affairs & Rehabilitation. The Senate Veter- OJJDP emphasis would be diverted from delinquency ans Affairs Committee has reported out a comprehen- prevention, children's rights and youth advocacy to sive health bill, S. 578, that has eight principal provi- dealing with more serious juvenile problems. While we sions: a one-year extension, to Sept. 30, 1985, of the VA feel it would be desirable to fund the entire spectrum of Psychological Readjustment Centers; permission for VA juvenile justice programs, budgetary constraints require to pay gender-related health care costs for women vets the selection of priority programs. Thus, we support at private health facilities if the same medical services those programs that deal with the serious and violent were unavailable at local VA facilities; authority to juvenile offenders. The Administration doesn't want to reimburse veterans for the costs of private adult day fund any of the programs, but it appears that OJJDP care; raise the per diem rates VA pays to states for care will receive about $70 million for Fiscal Year 1984. given veterans in state homes; a revision to P.L. 97-37 that would make it easier for former POWs with de- Economics. The Senate Budget Committee recom- pressive neurosis to receive disability compensation; a mended $150 million for an emergency job training cap on the amount of funds VA could spend for bene- program for veterans. The money would be added on ficiary travel allowances; authority for up to $400 a year the VA's budget. The Legion pointed out, however, that in chiropractic services to certain veterans, and encour- even if funded by the VA, the Dept. of Labor's Office of age the elevation of the VA Administrator to cabinet Asst. Secretary for Veterans Employment (ASVE) should level status. The Legion opposes both the proposed cap be the administrators of the program to the greatest ex- on VA beneficiary travel allowances and the payment for tent possible. ASVE is able to conduct a nationwide out- chiropractic services, but does endorse the other provi- reach effort that would include the Veterans Employ- sions of the Senate measure. A similar House version, ment Training Service (VETS), the Disabled Veterans in the meantime, is presently under consideration by

Outreach Program specialists (DVOP), as well as the that body. . . . Also pending in both houses: oversight Local Veterans Employment Representatives (LVER) in hearings on Agent Orange, the matter of judicial review job offices around the country. Legislation authorizing of VA claims and a bid by the National Association of the new training program has been reported favorably State Directors of Veterans Affairs to receive a federal by each Veterans Affairs Committee. charter (which the Legion continues to vigorously op- pose on the grounds a federally chartered organization Foreign Relations. Findings of the Legion's Western must not be made up of political appointees). THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 Spring Meetings 1983

The Spring Meetings of The American Legion are a busy time around National Headquarters each year. The meetings — which draw the Legion's national leadership from around the nation — are variously described as a time to do a little fine-tuning before heading into convention, an opportunity to handle routine administrative chores or, as one Southern gentleman observed, "one more chance to keep the horse from tangling the reins and the buggy riders from fallin' out." No matter the attendees' perceptions of the meetings, the facts are that Commission meetings, sessions of the National Executive Committee and working groups fill the participants' schedules from dawn to dusk. Following are a collection of stories and photographs detailing some of the significant accom- plishments of this year's Spring Meetings.

rorist incidents before they occur, while also maintaining a level of oversight not previously enjoyed. This will guarantee that we do our job the way the Constitution demands. "Under the previous guidelines there were serious questions as to whether we could continue to investi- gate an organization that has been dormant. But the Brinks robbery is the best example I can think of why it is necessary to maintain that monitor- ing capability and not close out our cases and put our informants on the shelves. They just can't be returned to that kind of organization overnight." [The 1981 Brinks armored car robbery resulted in the deaths of two police officers and one guard. Investigation revealed former Weather Underground members and other terrorist group "We have a world setting in which ties, its embassies. We have groups members had been involved in the the United States, its citizens and its seeking to overthrow existing foreign planning and execution of the rob- properties are the primary targets of governments, directing the focus of bery.] terrorist activities," warned FBI Direc- those attacks upon their own coun- "We have seriously weakened sev- tor William H. Webster during a trymen living in the United States eral of the major domestic terrorist speech before Legionnaires during the within institutions of this country. groups in this country," he continued. Spring Meetings. "We are going to see more and more "We have taken appropriate steps to While focusing on the terrorist of that, especially if they [the terror- make sure that the international ter- threat to the United States, Webster ists] are capable of developing a major rorists do not succeed in getting even a also noted in his speech that "The FBI worldwide media event which captures beachhead such as they have enjoyed is most appreciative of The American the attention of people around the for years in other parts of the world. Legion's work to preserve this coun- world — simply by doing it here. "To avoid lawlessness and chaos that try's heritage of freedom and safety." "We also have a series of domestic a direct attack provokes requires vigi- He also applauded the Legion's 1982 organizations that have committed lance. We must be firm, but we must resolutions urging stiffer penalties for glaring acts of terrorism in this coun- not be repressive. We must do this those convicted of violent crimes, ex- try far different and far less effective with the highest level of professional- pressing concern for the victims of than anything experienced in Europe. ism, otherwise the terrorist wins his crime and encouraging greater citizen Our responses have not been repres- objective. The ultimate objective for us awareness in crime prevention pro- sive, they have been firm, reasonable, is to keep our citizens safe and free. grams. aggressive, and they have complied "I can tell you the FBI is working But it is the threat of terrorist at- fully with the rule of the law," he said. very hard to do just that. We enlist tacks on the United States and its citi- Webster also described modified your help. No act of terrorism can or zens that consume much of the FBI's guidelines approved by the Attorney will be tolerated. We will prevent it if attentions these days. "Since 1969," he General that will assist the FBI in we can, and when it occurs, we will re- said, "approximately 40 percent of all conducting investigations of these ter- lentlessly pursue and bring to justice terrorist acts worldwide have been di- rorist groups. "The new guidelines those who would take from us the rected against the United States, its recognize our needs, and they will blessings of liberty. This is where we citizens, its corporations, its proper- enhance our ability to head off ter- stand. We can do no other." G

27 —

THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

Author Of The GI Bill Of Rights Harry W. Colmery Memorial Dedication Marked

rights of Americans who fought for this country resulted in a monumental act whose effects are still reverberat- ing through the land." Below, members of the blue-ribbon Harry W. Colmery served as Natl. panel meet to consider the hundreds Cdr., during the period 1936- 1937 and of nominations received for the as Kansas Dept. Cdr. in 1929. In 1975, Gordon's Gin Good Neighbor Award. he was presented The American Le- Bottom, VA Administrator Harry gion's Distinguished Service Medal, Walters addresses the National the only Past Natl. Cdr. to have been Executive Committee during the so honored, during the Legion's Na- Colmery dedication. In paying tribute tional Convention in Minneapolis. He to the GI Bill's author, Walters noted

died in 1979 while attending the Le- that it is "the most comprehensive gion's National Convention in Hous- piece of legislation that the U.S. ton. Congress has ever passed."

i

The Harry W. Colmery Memorial is located in the Endowment Fund Corp. room of National Headquarters.

Members of the National Executive Committee took time from their Spring Meeting deliberations this year to dedicate a special memorial to a Past Natl. Cdr. who is recognized as the "architect of the GI Bill of Rights." Dedication of the Harry W. Colmery Memorial was highlighted by a speech from VA Administrator Harry Walters, who called the GI Bill of Rights, "the most comprehensive piece of legisla- tion that the U.S. Congress has ever passed." The Colmery Memorial, which is lo- cated in the Endowment Fund Corpo- Coming Next Month In ration Room on the third floor of the National Headquarters building, fea- News For Legionnaires tures a hermetically sealed display case that contains Colmery's original While visiting National Head- draft of the legislation that became quarters during the Spring Meet- known as the GI Bill of Rights. ings to participate in the dedication Members of the Colmery family of the Harry W. Colmery Memorial, were present at the ceremony presided the Administrator of Veterans Af- over by Past Natl. Cdr. Robert Charles fairs, Harry Walters, agreed to an Smith, president of The American interview with The American Le- Legion Endowment Fund Corporation. gion Magazine. The memorial was made possible Highlights of that interview through a gift of the Army, Navy and which include the administrator's Air Force Veterans in Canada, U.S. views on running the government's Unit (ANAVICUS). largest independent agency, Agent The memorial was accepted on be- Orange legislation and the VA's fu- half of the Legion by Natl. Cdr. Al ture needs — will appear in next Keller, Jr., who said of Colmery, "He month's "News For Legionnaires" affected the lives of every U.S. veter- section of the Magazine. an. His foresight and dedication to the

28 4 \ * ^ THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

Gordon's Gin Sponsors Special Awards For Special Legionnaires

Five *Good Neighbors' schlaeger-Dallmann Post 434, Oak Creek, Wis. Edlebeck is credited with Tapped For Local Honors saving the life of a motorist whose car had nipped over into a ditch contain- Five winners of the Gordon's Gin ing four feet of icy water. Following Good Neighbor Award were an- the rescue, Edlebeck was rushed to a nounced by Natl. Cdr. Al Keller, Jr., nearby hospital, suffering from expo- during Spring Meetings in Indian- sure. Hospital officials said his body apolis. A winning Legionnaire was temperature had dropped to 92 degrees selected in one of each of the following at the time of his arrival. categories: work with veterans, out- The Gordon's Gin Good Neighbor standing volunteer service, heroism, Award for community service went to community service and youth activi- Grant Cushinberry of Jordan Patter- ties. son Post 319, Topeka, Kan. His nomi- Each of the five award winners was nation cited over 100 newspaper arti- to be honored by Gordon's Gin Ltd. in cles dealing with his various commu- their local communities sometime dur- nity activities and noted he is "a ing the last two weeks of June. Each humble, common sense doer who holds winner also received $1,000 from Gor- a high place in this community for his don's Gin, which was donated to the work with children, the aged and with winner's favorite charity. minority groups." Christian W. Bretall of German H. Robert Burns, a member of Car- Admiral Rickover To Receive H. Emory Post 8, Baltimore, Md., a 65- lisle-Bennet Post 13 in Albuquerque, year member of the Legion, is the N.M., is the winner in the youth activ- Distinguished Service Medal winner in the work with veterans cat- ities category. Burns has served as a egory. Bretall's nomination noted he youth counselor at his church, where Nat. Cdr. Al Keller, Jr., has an- has worked with veterans at the VA he developed a program within the nounced the Distinguished Service Hospital in Perry Point, Md., since church to keep children off the streets. Medal of The American Legion will be 1929. Further, "This veteran lives by He has also been actively involved presented to retired Navy Adm. the very principles which have made with the New Mexico Special Olympics Hyman G. Rickover, often called the our country and The American Legion and is credited with getting the New "Father of the Nuclear Navy." great. A modest man of limited means, Mexico Legion involved with Special It will be presented at the National who seeks little and demands far less, Olympics. Convention of the Legion in Seattle. he shares his life with his fellow vet- A distinguished panel of judges as- The resolution notes that Rickover erans as one who is blessed. His life is sembled in Indianapolis during the "pioneered and perfected the use of nu- aptly described by his given name of Spring Meetings to select the names of clear propulsion. Through his skillful 88 years — Christian." those recommended to the Natl. Cdr. technical direction, unusual foresight The outstanding volunteer service for approval of the awards. They in- and unswerving perseverence, the award went to Harold A. Spies, a cluded Gary Wetzel, a Vietnam vet- United States has attained preemi- member of Brown-DiSanto Post 226, eran and Medal of Honor recipient; nence in the field of naval nuclear Clyde, N.Y. Spies was selected for his Past Natl. Cdr. Daniel F. Foley; Bar- propulsion." more than 30 years of volunteer ser- bara Gurwitz, representing Indian- Further, noting his efforts have revo-- vice with such activities as baseball apolis Mayor William Hudnut; Maj. lutionized the field of energy, "Our na- umpire, American Red Cross, Civil De- Gen. Robert G. Moorehead, ARNG tional capability to deter aggression has fense, the County Action Program, (Ret.); former Indianapolis Super- been extraordinarily enhanced due to Cancer Society, The Grange, Chamber intendent of Schools Karl Kalp and Admiral Rickover's dynamic leadership of Commerce and auxiliary police. James P. Dean, Chairman of the and outstanding professional compe- Winner of the heroism award is Legion's Internal Affairs Commis- tence. He has personified and advanced Richard Edlebeck, a member of Oel- sion. O the principles of patriotism in a most honorable and exemplary manner (and) has demonstrated outstanding courage and fortitude in keeping with the high- est traditions of The American Legion."

Joining Natl. Cdr. Al Keller Jr., for the announcement of the Good Neighbor Awards are, from left, James P. Dean, Natl. Internal Affairs Commission Chairman; Herbert K. Landon representing Gordon's Dry Gin Ltd. and Doug Henley, Natl. Membership Committee Chairman.

29 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 NEWS FOR LEGIONNAIRES

Throughout all this, local volunteer A Conversation With Dick Klinge committee appointments were made to stage the various convention activities Natl. Convention and volunteers were trained. Commission Head Q. What, if anything, is done by the members of the Convention With the 65th annual National Con- Commission and Department con- vention of The American Legion just vention people to see that Legion- around the corner, we thought it a good naires visiting the National Con- time to chat with the National Conven- vention get the maximum value for tion Commission Chairman about what their dollar? it takes to stage one of America's larg- A. If a city doesn't cooperate in see- est conventions. ing that our delegates get maximum Richard "Dick" Klinge has served as value for their dollar, we don't use National Convention Commission that city for our convention. It's as Chairman since 1981. He has also simple as that. One city, for example, served on the Convention Commission brought in hotel rates that were out of since 1970 and is a member of the Na- line after they'd been awarded the con- tional Legislative Council. Dick has tract. We immediately went to other been actively involved in many Na- cities and invited them to submit ac- tional Conventions, but this Washing- ceptable bids. Once the initial conven- ton State resident admits that the up- tion city saw we were prepared to coming Seattle convention holds a spe- move the convention unless appropri- cial attraction for him. Here are some ate room rates were arranged, they highlights from that interview. (with some pressuring from the local convention bureau) quickly fell in line. We also try to warn convention vis- Q. In selecting a host city for the itors of potential problems. In Seattle, Legion's National Convention, for example, they recently deregulated what do you and your fellow the taxi cabs. Thus, if you're going to commission members look for? National Convention Commission use a cab in the city, you'd better es- A. We have to find a city that, first, Chairman Richard "Dick" Klinge tablish the rate before you get in. is willing and able to house the num- Other costs are controlled by munic- ber of delegates and guests we have, cellent. Officials view the American ipal ordinance. We may not be able to which means at least 5,500 hotel Legion's National Convention as one affect the rates in those instances, but rooms. Of greater importance is the of the most prestigious conventions a we can and do make sure the services fact that that city must also be in an city can host. They know that not only are being provided at an appropriate American Legion Department that can can they make money from one of the price to our members. finance the operation to the tune of nation's largest conventions, but they Q. Staging a convention as large $50,000, can muster a volunteer crew can also use the fact of our having held as the Legion's involves handling of 400 to 500 energetic Legionnaires a convention in their city as a strong an incredible number of small de- and must demonstrate they are en- selling point for other groups. tails. How do you ensure that ev- thusiastically committed to putting Besides, city officials are proud of erything gets done and gets done the convention on. their cities and the facilities they offer. right? The city itself must also demon- They have just as much a commitment A. It begins with the local conven- strate they are deeply interested in to seeing an entertaining and comfort- tion committee chairmen. Each of hosting our convention. They must able time is had by our delegates as do them is given an outline of instruc- have appropriate facilities and — since the members of our Convention tions covering their particular areas of we like to have things for our dele- Commission. responsibility. We point out to them gates to do outside of the convention Q. How far in advance does that each committee has a lot of work hall — they must have recreational planning for any particular con- to do if the convention is to operate and other entertainment facilities. vention begin? smoothly. Q. What contacts are made with A. Seattle, for example, was a- These energetic committees, plus state and local officials and how warded the contract for the 1983 Con- our hardworking convention director, would you describe the reception vention back in 1979. As soon as that Bill Miller, make sure all those small the Legion receives? contract was signed, a convention cor- details dovetail in pretty good shape. A. We start at the top with the gov- poration was formed and officers des- You're right in that bringing 10-20,000 ernor of the state we are going into. ignated. We immediately began iden- people into a city and conducting a We also contact the mayor and, tifying and selecting the housing for number of meetings at the same time through him, the city council, as well delegates. Hotel rooms were booked in various locations require a lot of as the various municipal departments three years in advance, while other planning. It's got to be perfect. And that may get involved. contracts were signed two years prior these people see that it is as close to Our reception has always been ex- to the convention coming to the city. perfect as we can get.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

In spite of that, there have been a like. How widespread is this opin- Q. Some people suggest that an few glitches over the years. In Atlantic ion of Legion conventions? annual national convention is an City several years ago, we started the A. These days, just the opposite is idea whose time has come and parade on the Boardwalk, only to find true, as I alluded to earlier. One gen- gone, that business could be han- there was no reviewing stand. It took tleman who came to me with a bid for dled just as easily without such a some pretty frantic maneuvering by the convention from Las Vegas vol- gathering. Your comments? the staff to put together something unteered that he would much rather A. The annual convention is one of that could almost pass for a reviewing see the Legionnaires come to town. the great strengths of The American stand. They're not rowdy, they do the job they Legion. Legionnaires attend year after We also get some requests that are are there to do and they enjoy the city year to renew that sense of cama- definitely out of the ordinary. Mis- and have a good time. raderie that brought them into the souri, one year, wanted us to find a Q. Turning to the upcoming con- organization in the first place. Too, it mule for Farmer Brown to ride in the vention in Seattle, we know you is an experience that, once you have parade. And California asked if we have a personal interest in seeing seen it, you will never forget it. The could come up with a bear for their this one a success. What can Le- annual convention is attended by del- portion of the parade. (We found the gionnaires expect during their visit egates who consider it a great privi- bear!) there? lege to not only conduct the Legion's I also remember a letter from a A. The Pacific Northwest has got business, but to participate in the farmer from one of the Midwest states just about more things to do and see election of the National Commander who asked we make a reservation for than any other place in the country. as well. There is the pageantry of the him at the Palmer House in Chicago. There are so many things to do outside opening and closing ceremonies, the The only thing was he said he didn't of the Legion activities that it's hard parade and special events. The con- need a room with a bath since he in- to list them. You can take the ferry to vention gives Legionnaires an oppor- tended bathing before he left home for Bremerton and see the and tunity to see how things are done in the convention. other ships in mothballs. You can go to the organization, to meet distin- Q. Some people, apparently re- Mount Rainier, Mt. St. Helens, or up guished guests and hear thought-pro- membering past Legion conven- the road a few miles to Vancouver, voking speakers. tions, have said they don't want a British Columbia. It's a beautiful va- No. I don't see any alternative to a bunch of rowdy Legionnaires in cation land with swimming, fishing national convention for The American their town, throwing water bal- and boating. It's a whole world of ac- Legion. It is too important to too many loons from hotel windows and the tivities. of us Legionnaires. ©

A recent shirt-sleeve session of the National Convention Legion's Convention plans years in advance of the Commission was conducted at National Headquarters gathering, particularly in seeing Legionnaires receive during the Spring Meetings. The Commission oversees the "maximum value for their dollars." THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 NEWS FOR LEGIONNAIRES

classified under 501(c)(19) of the Tax Supreme Court Upholds Code as veterans' organizations. In its brief, the Legion stated: "Vet- erans' organizations simply do not Legion's Tax-Exempt Status pose the kinds of dangers with which Congress was concerned in imposing lobbying restrictions on charitable In a unanimous decision, the Su- be necessary to realize all the advan- organizations — to wit, permitting es- preme Court of the United States has tages of that freedom.'" sentially private interest lobbying by upheld the right of veterans' organ- Writing on behalf of the Court, Jus- wealthy individuals who, by virtue of izations to lobby without jeopardizing tice William H. Rehnquist said: "It is substantial deductible contributions, their tax-exempt status. not irrational for Congress to decide could control small 501(c)(3) organ- The 9-0 decision reversed a ruling that tax-exempt charities such as izations lacking effective membership of the United States Court of Appeals TWR should not further benefit at the control." for the District of Columbia Circuit, expense of taxpayers-at-large by ob- Moreover, the brief pointed out that citing Congress's "longstanding policy taining a further subsidy for lobbying. veterans' organizations "do not depend of compensating veterans for their for their financial support on deduct- past contributions by providing them ible contributions from small groups of with numerous advantages." wealthy individuals, or from a floating The court rejected the position general public that cannot demand ac- pressed by Taxation With Representa- "The Court in its decision countability, but rather are principally tion (TWR), a Washington-based group supported by membership contribu- unequivocally that lobbies to promote its view of the upheld and tions." "public interest" in the area of federal reiterated the historical Noting that veterans' organizations taxation. TWR filed the initial suit are congressionally chartered, subject after being denied tax-exempt status proposition that veterans to special reporting requirements, by the Internal Revenue Service be- are indeed a privileged internal controls and congressional cause a substantial part of its activi- oversight, the Legion's brief also ties consisted of attempting to in- group and, therefore, are stated: "The Legion, for example, will fluence legislation. TWR claimed that not lobby on any issue unless its mem- entitled to a special the tax statutes prohibiting substan- status bership has formally authorized its tial lobbying by them violated their in our society." leadership to take such action. Be- First Amendment rights and also vio- cause the lobbying activity of The lated the Due Process Clause of the American Legion, like other veterans' Fifth Amendment to the Constitution groups, reflects the welfare and inter- because the Tax Code permitted veter- ests of veterans — a large and sub- ans' organizations to lobby and yet to ... It is also not irrational for Con- stantial group — it cuts across racial, retain their tax-exempt status, but gress to decide that, even though it political and occupational lines, and denied the same to charitable organ- will not subsidize substantial lobbying many other special interest criteria." izations listed under 501(c)(3) of the by charities generally, it will subsidize National Commander Al Keller, Jr., Code. lobbying by veterans' organizations. who learned of the Supreme Court's The Supreme Court rejected both Veterans," the Justice stated, "have decision while making a tour of NATO arguments, holding that there was no been obliged to drop their own affairs nations, hailed the decision as a unan- violation of the First Amendment, nor and take up the burdens of the nation imous reaffirmation of the significant

was there any violation of the Fifth . . . subjecting themselves to the men- contributions veterans' organizations Amendment. tal and physical hazards as well as the make to this nation and to the veter- The Court said: "Congress has not economic and family detriments which ans who have fought to defend her infringed any First Amendment rights are peculiar to military service and freedoms. or regulated any First Amendment which do not exist in normal civil life. At The American Legion National activity, but has simply chosen not to Headquarters, National Judge Advo- subsidize TWR's lobbying out of public In a concurring opinion, Justice cate Bertram G. Davis, who spear- funds." The Court also said that Sec- Harry A. Blackmun stated: "The ben- headed the Legion's legal drive said: tion 501(c)(3) of the Code does not vio- efit provided to veterans' organizations "Many complex legal issues were in- late the equal protection component of is rationally based on the Nation's volved in tbis case, nevertheless, the the Fifth Amendment, in that the sec- time-honored policy of 'compensating Court in its decision unequivocally tions of the Code at issue do not em- veterans for their past contributions.'" upheld and reiterated the historical ploy any suspect classifications. In a "Friend of the Court" brief filed proposition that veterans are indeed a The Court observed that "although before the Supreme Court by The privileged group and, therefore, are TWR does not have as much money as American Legion, significant distinc- entitled to a special status in our soci- it wants, and thus cannot exercise its tions were drawn between charitable ety. The Court specifically linked this freedom of speech as much as it would organizations such as TWR that lobby privilege to the past contributions of like, the Constitution 'does not confer extensively, and organizations like veterans of this nation and said Con- an entitlement to such funds as may The American Legion that are gress was correct to recognize it." O

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

in the town of Noumea. Contact CID 864 Membership Renewals USS England DE 635. James Abshire, Jr. is seeking VA's Q&ACORNER witnesses to verify a claim that while aboard ship in the south Pacific in 1944 he was treated for a fungus infec- To Arrive In August tion of both ears. Contact CID 865 These are questions representative of 434th Engr. Bn., 26th Fighter. James F. Keeler needs witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed in Clark those the Veterans Administration is AFB, Philippine Islands and in Korea in 1951 he suf- frequently asked. For more information Natl. Adj. Robert W. Spanogle has fered stomach, feet, nerve problem and eye injury from piece of steel. Contact CID 866 contact your Post Service Officer, local Legion- a announced about 2.5 million Medical Detachment. Lewis Miller Gould needs wit- VA office or write directly to: Veterans naires will receive their membership nesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Fort Screven, GA in 1918 he suffered a smashed toe when a Administration (20), Washington, DC. dues renewal letter in the mail on or block of ice fell on it. Contact CID 867 20420. Aug. of these Regt. Hq. Co., 21st Inf. Regt. Joseph Marcinko needs around 1, 1983. Many witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at members, he noted, will have already Kumamoto, in 1949 he injured his left wrist. Q. If I do not agree with a decision Contact CID 868 the VA makes on an application for renewed for 1984 and should view the 581st Ordnance HAM Co. Eugene H. Rascle is seeking claim that while stationed at letter invite witnesses to verify a benefits, what can I do? renewal as a reminder to Okinawa APO 331 in 1949-50 he had seven sick calls in five months. Contact CID 869 A. You may file an appeal regarding an eligible veteran to become a new Unit X, NTS Norfolk, VA. Thomas Albert Connelly any benefit decision with which you dis- member. needs witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Norfolk, VA in 1945 he was pushed into a pool during agree. All that is necessary to start the While the National Constitution drill and struck his head on the bottom and was hos- appeal procedure is for you to write the does not require members to renew pitalized. Contact CID 870 VA stating why you disagree with the HMM 264 MCAF New River, NC. Denis V. Cooper until October 20th for the upcoming needs witnesses to verify a claim that while aboard the decision and include information you in injured his back and neck in a year, more than 60 percent of our USS Okinawa 1966 he believe should be considered by the VA. helicopter crash. Contact CID 871 members find it convenient to renew "A" Co., 8th Combat Engr., 1st Cavalry Div. Richard Q. I have been receiving education Thomas Kasprzak needs witnesses to verify a claim that benefits for the past three years early and take great pride in the ad- while in Korea in 1951 he injured his back when a bulldozer set off a wood box mine. Contact CID 872 claiming my wife and two children. ditional distinction of being an "Early Now the VA is suddenly asking for a Bird" member. marriage certificate and birth cer- In fact, Legionnaires in some De- tificates for my children. Why are partments have in past years received OUTFIT they asking now when they have al- their dues renewal letters around July REUNIONS ready been paving me for them? 1. These members may continue to Reunion will be held in month indicated. For particu- A. VA regulations now require the lars write person whose address is given. Notice accepted renew earlier simply by delivering on official forms only. For form send stamped self- submission of verification for veterans' their membership dues to their local addressed envelope to O.R. Form, American Legion Mag- dependents. This is to insure that veter- azine, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206. Notices ans are receiving the appropriate Post or by giving a check to a member must be received five months before scheduled reunion. Earliest submissions are favored when the volume of amount of monthly benefits for the of the Membership Committee when notices is too great to print them all. Notice of Outfit Re- unions are run only once during a calendar year. proper number of dependents. Failure to that person comes by to collect. furnish the requested documents could Because of the time involved in result in reduction of monthly benefits. processing membership dues at the Army Post, Department and ultimately the 1st Cavalry Div. Assn. (July-Killeen, TX) Walt Plum- mer, 1st Cav. Div. (G-2), Ft. Hood, TX 76545 (817) 685- National level, and the production 6202 1st Engr. Spec. Brigade, 531st Engr. Shore Regt., time involved with such a massive 1186th Engr. Grp., 3051st, 3052nd, 3053rd Engr. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS mailing, those members who renew in Bns. (Sept-Myrtle Beach, SO Richard Ready, 84 Sel- wyn St., Roslindale, MA 02131 (617) 325-0369 1st Gas Regt Assn. (Sept.-Ft. McClellan, AL) Harold The award of a life membership to a Legionnaire bv a July will most likely still receive the Higginbottom, 2800 Rueckert Ave., Baltimore, MD Post is a testimonial by those who know best that such a dues renewal notice on August 1. As 21214 (301) 426-2353 member has served The American Legion well. 3rd Ann'd Div. Assn. (Calif. Chapter) (Nov-Buellton, Below are listed some of the previously unlisted life mentioned earlier, view this as a re- CA) Marshall Reed, 722 S. Beverly Glen Blvd., Los membership Post awards that have been reported to the Angeles, 90024 (213) 274-3682 editors. minder to invite an eligible veteran to CA 3rd Cav. Grp., 3rd & 43rd Recon. Sqdns. (Sept- join, thereby increasing the effective- Rochester, NY) James Cannarozzo, 17 Rickedge Cir., Frank A. Dybala, Stanley L. Goslawski, Stanley T. Rochester, NY 14609 (716) 288-8191 Radochonski (1982), Post 363, Chicago, 111. ness of the mailing and, more impor- 8th Mortar (Oct-Carlisle, PA) Ken Kelby, 520 Robert Farinelli (1982), Barnabash Bernath (1983), Heavy Co. tantly, increasing the strength of S. Nursery Ave., Purcellville, VA 22132 (703) 338-6465 Post 66, Griffith, Ind. The Clark M. Sexton, Archie L. Johnston, Elmer G. 11th Engr. Combat Bn., 7th Regt. (Sept-Myrtle Beach, American Legion. A.B. College Dr., Raeford, 28376 Ferrln, Howard W. Shaffer (1983) Post 112, Morning SO, Harward, 523 NC Reeves, Sun, Iowa 14th Field Hospital (Sept-Las Vegas, NV) Robert 2050 Woodland Dr., Macon, GA 31211 (912) 745-0215 H. E. Grace, Sr., (1982), Post 14, Middlesboro, Ky. 16th Arm'd Div. Assn. (Aug-Las Vegas, NV) Donald William A. Ban-as, Jr., (1981), Post 29, Abbeville, La. Damschroder, 18952 Elmore, 43416 (419) Bernard D. Bergeron, Anthony B. Hargis, Sr., W. SR 51, OH 862-2437 Charles N. Thompson (1983), Post 218, Algiers, La. 17th Signal Oper. Bn. (WWII) (Sept-Appelton, WI) E.F. Bernard B. Thorpe, Vincent J. Fabrick (1982), Post COMRADES IN DISTRESS Hofmeister, 710 Crown Ave., Scranton, PA 18505 (717) 2, Baltimore, Md. 346-9255 Carroll Jones, J. E. Butterworth, Joseph R. Readers who can help these veterans are urged to do so. 19th General Hospital (WWII) (July-Chicago) Alexan- Schwartz (1982), Post 4, Baltimore, Md. Usually a statement is needed in support of a VA claim. der Lebovitz, 1900 W. Grand Ave., Chicago, IL 60622 Milton A. Frank, Jr., Charles F. Handley (1982) Post Notices are run only at the request of American Legion Inf. Div. Assn. (Sept-Atlanta) Carmine Cusmano, 11, Frederick Md. Service Officers representing claimants, using Search for 25th Locust Ave., Garwood, 07027 (201) 787-0023 Jesse J. Murray, Robert K. Cole, Charles W. Witness Forms available only from State Legion Service 409 NJ 37th Ordnance Co. (Sept-St. Louis) Tony Gailes, 481 Glassman (1982), Post 17, Edgewood, Md. Officers. Please contact CID# The American Legion Dawson Ave. Apt. 104, Pittsburgh, PA 15202 (412) John W. Michael (1982), Post 26, Hancock, Md. Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, 700 N. Pennsylvania St., In- 734-3275 George B. Kelly, Jr. (1982), Post 29, Denton, Md. dianapolis, Ind. 46206. (Sept-Kiamesha Lake, NY) Ed- F. Kale Mathias, Donald C. Shipley, Rev. Frederick 40th Inf. Div. (Korea) ward Lown, 210 Highland Ave., Maybrook, NY 12543 Eckhardt (1982), Post 31, Westminster, Md. USS Stanton DE 247. Thomas Freeman Mangrum is 427-2320 Lloyd A. Miller (1982), Post 34, Baltimore, Md. seeking witnesses to verify a claim that while aboard (914) 46th Tank Bn., 13th Arm'd Div. (Sept-Covington, KY) John L. Reed (1982), Post 35, Baltimore, Md. ship in 1943 or 1944 he injured his left elbow when he Larry Hammerschmidt, 6175 N. Hwy. 67, Florissant, Robert A. Seaby, Walter L. Stealey (1982), Post 38, fell on the ship's deck. Contact CID 861 63034 (314) 741-7616 Baltimore, Md. USS Hobson DD 464. Edward Ralph New needs wit- MO 50th General Hospital (Aug-Burlington, NO James Stanley A. Jarocki (1983), Post 224, Easthampton, nesses to verify a claim that in 1944 he injured his back Box Graham, 27253 (919) 226-5220 while picking up survivors from the USS Corry on Mundy, 642, NC Signal (Sept-Brookline, MA) Paul Morin, 100 Carlo D. Peonio (1983), Post 312, Broadwater, Neb. D-Day. Contact CID 862 57th Bn. Colbourne Crescent, Brookline, MA 02146 (617) 277- Maurice Diamond (1982), Post 159, Brooklyn, N.Y. 264th Ordnance MM. Elbert H. Keener needs witnesses 9751 Robert Guppenberger, Benton W. Suter (1983), Post to verify a claim that while stationed at Camp Phillips, 70th Inf. Div. (WWII) (Sept-Europe) Floyd Freeman, 264 Tonawanda N Y. KS, in 1944 he injured his back when a driver stopped, Ave., South Gate, CA 90280 (213) 567- Charles J. Pignone, Sr., Gerald J. Oliver (1982), throwing him across a board. Contact CID 863 8959 California Post 476, Cohoes, N.Y. "A" Co., 322nd Regt., 81st Div. Robert E. Scroggins 0561 Co. H.M. Tank (Aug-Breezewood. PA) Florence Germana (1982), Post 1838, Islip, N.Y. needs witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at 81st Ordnance Bernard Meacham (1983), Post 204, Ellsworth, Wis. in 1945 he received a blow on the head Continued . . .

33 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 NEWS FOR LEGIONNAIRES

cho, NM 87124 "A" Co., 821st Avn. Engrs. (July-Streator, IL) Dan Sib- . . . Continued 556th AAA (AW) Bn. (July-Wheeling, WV) Tony Fiorilli, leiht, Box 413, Woodruff, WI 54568 (715) 356-3437 George Kleponis, 905 Center St., Ashland, PA 17921 103 19th St., Wheeling, WV 26003 (304) 233-5688 "B" Co., 2nd Arm'd Med. Bn. (Aug-Bentonville, AR) (717) 875-2177 566th HM Tk. Ordnance Co. (Sept-Beach City, OH) Elmer Amsrud, 511 2nd St. SW, Waseca, MN 56093 82nd Airborne Div. Assn. (Aug-Philadelphia) Tom John Housley, 4891 NW 14th Ave., Pompano Beach, FL (507) 835-3746 Golden, 4110 Princeton, Philadelphia, PA 19135 (215) 33064 (305) 428-2338 "B" Co., 248th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) (Sept- 624-8236 572nd Anti-Aircraft Arty. Assn. (Oct-Stroudsburg, PA) Cleveland) Fred Mone, 16200 Ernadale Ave., Cleveland, 84th Airdrome Sq. (WWII) (Sept- Washington, PA) Louis Norman Evans, 810 Richmont St., Scranton, PA 18509 OH 44111 (216) 252-1603 West, 137 Moffet Ave., Washington, PA 15301 (412) (717) 344-4270 "B" Co., 278th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) (Oct-Helen, 228-1546 605th Tank Bn. (Sept-Findlay, OH) Lawrence GA) Freedman Taylor, 19 Cedar Knoll, Tuscaloosa, AL 85th Chemical Mortar Bn. Assn. (July) George Kercell, Montgomery, 120 E. 1st Ave., Plainwell, MI 49080 (616) 35405 (205) 553-7941 321 Fernledge Dr., New Kensington, PA 15068 685-8729 "D" Co., 61st Bn. (Cadre-Camp Robinson-1942-43) 88th Inf. Div. Assn. Inc. (Sept-Minneapolis) James 628th Tank Bn., 28th Inf. Div. (Aug-Johnstown, PA) (Sept-Little Rock, AR) Homer Hawley, 620 Bachtel SE, Wentworth, 11061 Longford St., Lakeview Terrace, CA Bruce Boring, 565 Walters Ave., Johnstown, PA 15904 North Canton, OH 44720 (216) 494-1666 91342 (213) 899-7050 (814) 533-2443 "D" Co., 133rd Inf., 34th Div. (WWII) (Aug-Conrad, IA) 91st Chemical Mortar Bn. (Sept-Arlington, VA) 635th Med. Clr. Co. Sep. (WWII) (September) Joseph Stanley Setka, Rt. 1, Box 38A, Riceville, IA 50466 (515) Jonathan Tutwiler, Rt. 1, Box 89B, Augusta, WV 26704 Woods, 156 Holiday Ln., Auburndale, FL 33823 (813) 985-2195 (304) 496-7264 967-7637 "D" Co., 410th Inf. Regt., 103rd Div. (Aug-Logansport, 100th Inf. Div. Assn. (Sept-Tamiment, PA) Anthony Tom, 648th Engr. Topo. Bn. (WWII) (Oct-Hot Springs, AR) IN) Goffrey Wolfe, G-5105 Van Slyke Rd., Flint, MI 25 Luanne Rd., Stratford, CT 06497 (203) 377-2894 E.N. Pierce, 2800 Rosewood Ln., Pampa, TX 79065 48507 (313) 238-4074 102nd Engr. Bn. (C) (Oct-Bellerose, NY) Daniel Cum- (806) 669-3606 "E" Co., 155th Inf., 31st Inf. Div. (July-Cleveland, MS) mings, 681 Newcomb Rd., Ridgewood, NJ 07450 (201) 674th Signal Air Warning Co. (Special) (Aug-Canton, George Kelly, Drawer 369, Cleveland, MS 38732 445-4510 OH) Clyde Ham, 145 W. Vine St., Toulon, IL 61483 "E" Co., 172nd Inf., 43rd Div. (Sept-Hummelstown, PA) 102nd Field Arty. (Mass ARNG) (Oct-Reading, MA) (309) 286-2671 Elmer Nisley, 13 W. Main St., Hummelstown, PA 17036 Joseph Ambrose, Lynn Armory, Lynn, MA 01902 (617) 730th Ordnance Co., 30th Inf. Div. (Aug-Nashville, TN) (717) 566-2023 593-3043 John Villar, 216 15th St. NW, Ruskin, FL 33570 (813) "HQ" Co., 2nd Bn., 152nd Inf., 38th Div. (Sept- 102nd Inf. Div. Assn. (July-St. Louis) Abe Mitchell, 2 645-1991 Anderson, IN) Harold Fowler, 3709 Maple Ln., Muncie, McKay Rd., Bethel, CT 06801 759th Ry. Oper. Bn. Vets (Sept-San Antonio, TX) Bob IN 47302 (317) 282-9659 104th Inf. Div. (West Coast Timberwolves) (WWII) Weber, 219 Owendale Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15227 (412) "K" Co., 108th Inf. Regt., 27th Div. (WWII) (Oct- (Aug-Orlando, FL) Roland Drew, 8702 Dewey Dr., Gar- 881-7946 Hornell, NY) Charles France, 370 Ontario St., Hornell, den Grove, CA 92641 771st Tank Bn. (Sept-Niagara Falls, NY) Aloysius NY 14843 (607) 324-0380 104th Inf. Div. (East Coast Timberwolves) (WWII) Nabewaniec, Deferiet, NY 13628 (315) 493-3748 "L" Co., 34th Inf., 24th Div. (WWII) (Aug-Savannah, (Aug-Orlando, FL) Frank Calamita, 841 Westport Dr., 775th Field Arty. Bn., 3rd Army (Sept-Terre Haute, IN) GA) Nick Marasco, 22 Paper Mill St., Honeoye Falls, Rockledge, FL 32955 Ted Nicoson, 2921 S. 4th St., Terre Haute, IN 47802 NY 14472 (716) 624-2942 112th Station Hospital (263rd General, Calcutta- (812) 234-0078 "M" Co., 152nd Inf., 38th Div. (Sept-Ft. Wayne, IN) Ar-

1943-44) (Sept-LaCrosse, WI) Keith Straight, 1521 S. 778th AAA (AW) Bn. I Aug-Reading, PA) Dominic Deoria, thur Hartman, 7417 Maysville Rd., Ft. Wayne, IN 29th St., LaCrosse, WI 54601 (608) 788-0461 319 Washington Ave., Phoenixville, PA 19460 (215) 46815 (219) 749-5939 113th Engrs. (WWII) (Sept-Carmel, IN) Glen McCool, 933-1436 All Horse Cavalrymen Vets (Oct-Ft. Riley, KS) Howard 1820 E. Sycamore, Kokomo, IN 46901 (317) 459-5522 792nd AAA AW Bn. (Sept- Louisville, KY) Fuller Reed, Palm, 7340 13th Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55423 (612) 122nd Signal Radio Intell. Co. (Aug-Traverse City, MI) Box 13, Morristown, TN 37814 (615) 586-4859 866-5974 John Wickliff, Rt. 4, Box 206, Greenfield, IN 46140 804th Tank Destroyer Bn. (WWII) (Sept-Roswell, NM) A.P.O. 339, 9th Army HQ (Sept-Des Moines, IA) Allison (317) 861-4881 John Gaddy, Rt. 3, Box 118, Roswell, NM 88201 (505) Yeagle, 719 N. John St., Farmer City, IL 61842 (309) 123rd F.A., 33rd Div. (Sept-Monmouth, ID Ernest Day, 622-6274 928-9576 Box 1, Abingdon, IL 61410 (309) 462-2898 805th Engr. Avn. Bn. (Sept-Dayton, OH) W. C. Los Angeles Military Police Organ. (Oct-Mobile, AL) 125th Inf. Regt. Assn. (July-Detroit) John Obuck, 14812 Grohowski, 205 S. Munson, Swanton, OH 43558 (419) Thurman Williams, 1165 Holgate Ave., Maumee, OH Young, Detroit, MI 48205 (313) 521-8822 826-5426 43537 (419) 893-6471 132nd Army General Hospital Vets Assn. (Oct-Des 808th Chemical Co. (Air Operations-M&H) (July- Pampa, TX Army Air Field (Aug-Pampa, TX) Bill Plaines, IL) John Schoeph, 907 N. 18th Ave., Melrose Atlanta) Hank Clayman, 3207 Henderson Mill Rd., Apt. Raney, Box 234, Westfield, NJ 07091 Park, IL 60160 (312) 344-0248 G2, Atlanta, GA 30341 S.I.S. (Brisbane, Australia; Philippines) (Oct-San Ave., Lancaster, 138th & 198th F.A. Bns. Assn. I Aug- Louisville, KY) 816th Engr. Avn. Bn. (Oct-Albany, NY) George Vine, 93 Francisco) D. C. Kubik, 3586 Walden Lynn Raque, 3733 Mamaroneck Rd., Louisville, KY Waterman Ave., Albany, NY 12205 (518) 456-3853 NY 14086 (716) 683-6786 40218 (502) 458-9057 817th Engr. Bn. (Sept-Downingtown, PA) Harry Ellis, Station Hospital (Ft Brady, MI) (Oct-Bay City, MI) F. 142nd General Hospital (WWII) (Sept-Hutchinson, KS) 232 Auburn Ave., Atco, NJ 08004 (609) 767-3858 G. Getzmeyer, 3376 Norris, Drayton Plains, MI 48020 Richard Ritchie, 3705 40th Ave., S, Minneapolis, MN 820th Tank Destroyer Bn. (Oct-Charlotte, NO George (313) 673-7207 55406 (612) 722-3191 Verbeke, 16085 Veronica, East Detroit, MI 48021 (313) Stuttgart Sub-Post (1961-65) (July-Carlisle, PA) John 147th Engr. Combat Bn. (Oct-Baltimore) George Itzel, 779-8046 Simmons, 4605 Spanish Oak Rd., Temple, TX 76502 439 Greenlow Rd., Baltimore, MD 21228 (301) 747-0291 823rd Tank Destroyer Bn. (Oct-Fort Hood, TX) I.C. Tank Destroyer Assn., (Oct-Killeen, TX) Jerome Cohen, 173rd Bakery Co. (Alaska & Aleutian Islands) (Sept- Adams, 214 N. 8th St., Columbia, MO 65201 (314) 449- 255 Castenada Dr., Millbrae, CA 94030 (415) 697-5584 Waterloo, IA) Frank Enrico, 5621 Jamieson Ave., St. 6416 Topographic Engrs. (East) (Sept-Wilmington, NC) Louis, MO 63109 (314) 351-8398 834th QM Gas Supply Co. (Nov-Tulsa, OK) Robert Carr, George Losak, Box 1108, Wilmington, NC 28401 (919) 192nd MP Co. (WWII) (Sept-Coralville, IA) Joe Borroz, Star Rt., Eagle Nest, NM 87718 (505) 377-6937 763-2993 6109 Montana Ln., Vancouver, WA 98661 838th Ordnance Depot Co. (Aug-Philadelphia) Bernard 203rd CA (AA) (Sept-Carthage, MO) Hugh Ware, 421 W. Kersting, 7912 Elmhurst Ave., Baltimore, MD 21234 Navy Madison, Springfield, MO 65806 (301) 668-3569 204th Coast Arty. (AA) Regt. Assn. (WWII) (Aug- 853rd Engr. Avn Bn. (WWII) (Aug-Nashville, TN) S W. NAPS (Enlisted pilots) 3rd Bn. (Natchitoches, LA) Bossier City, LA) Everette Bonnette, 3012 Drexel St., Burlingame, Box 2, Merrillan, WI 54754 (Sept-San Antonio, TX) C. P. Randle, 1011 LaVenture, Shreveport, LA 71108 (318) 631-3805 893rd Signal Avn Depot Co. (Sept-N. Myrtle Beach, SO Mt. Vernon, WA 98273 (206) 424-4289 216th General Hospital Assn. (WWII) (Oct-Tarrytown, Lester Parker, Jr., 635 Hamilton St., Bellefontaine, OH 19th NCB (Sept-Kiamesha Lake, NY) Herbert McCallen, NY) Andrew Menzia, Box 268, Lowell, MA 01853 (617) 43311 (513) 592-9417 97 Lawrence Park Crescent, Bronxville, NY 10708 (914)

453-1025 1021st Engrs. Treadway Bridge Co. ( Aug-Atlanta) 337-8044 237th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) (Oct-Philadelphia) Herbert Hicks, 2290 Airline Rd., McDonough, GA 28th Special Seabees (Oct-Tulsa, OK) Jimmy Hopkins, Vincent Powell, 257 Broadway, Passaic, NJ 07055 (201) 30253 (404) 957-2506 Ashland Star Rte., Klamath Falls, OR 97601 (503) 777-1545 1063rd QM Corps, 10th Serv. Grp. (Aug-Silver Spring- 882-0897 Dr., (Sept-Daytona Beach, FL) Frank De- 238th Engr. (C) Bn. Assn. ( July-Williamsburg, VA) Jesse MD) Albin Bohdziewicz, 412 Wingate Schaumburg, 33rd Seabees Wolff, 88 Harding Ave., Parlin, NJ 08859 (201) 721- IL 60193 (312) 529-4305 vereaux, 4300 SE St. Lucie Blvd. #44, Stuart, FL 33494 9356 1085th Engr. Utility Detach. (Formerly EUD E-3) (305) 286-2371 246th Coast Arty. (Sept-Hampton, VA) Ray Cross, 1209 (Oct-Asheville, NO Carl Clark, 708 Hunterdale Rd., 57th Seabee Assn. (1942-45) (Oct-Charleston, SO Kems Ave. SW, Roanoke, VA 24015 (703) 343-4085 Franklin, VA 23851 (804) 562-4069 Woodrow Skipper, Rt. 1, Box 397, Harrisburg, NC 28075 249th QM Bn. (Club 249) (WWII) (Aug-Annapohs, MD) 1311th Engr. Regt (Sept-University City, PA) Henry (704) 596-6862 James Thorpe, 1011 Kensington Dr., Annapolis, MD Weatherford, 136 N. Peach St., Philadelphia, PA 19139 62nd Seabees (Sept-Des Moines, IA) John Horton, Rt. 1, 21403 (301) 267-7741 (215) 471-7717 Colfax, IA 50054 (515) 674-3791 256th F.A. Bn. (Sept-Newark, NY) Robert Chetney, 412 1724th Ordnance MM Co. (Sept-Greensburg, PA) Wilbur 69th NCB (Oct-Cape May, NJ) Eric Arenberg, Box 385, West Ave., Newark, NY 14513 331-3945 Albright, 627 State St., Greensburg, PA 15601 (412) Stone Harbor, NJ 08247 (609) 368-2498 258th F.A. Bn. (Aug-Sioux Falls, SD) Maynard Justice, 837-5174 84th Seabees (Aug-Milwaukee) Harry Wujcik, 7610 El- 410 E. Stearns, Chamberlain, SD 57325 (605) 734-5444 "C" Btry. 501st A.F.A. (WWII) (Sept-Ft. Wayne, IN) lenton Gillette Rd., Shadowbrook #84, Palmetto, FL 312th Bomb Group (Roarin '20's (WWII) (Aug- Nord Krauskopf, 6667 Quail Ridge Ln., Ft. Wayne, IN 33561 Jacksonville Beach, FL) Hollis Fowler, Jr., 8739 46804 (219) 432-6391 107th NCB (Sept-West Palm Beach, FL) Norman Joseph, Ricardo Ln., Jacksonville, FL 32216 (904) 641-3993 "C" Btry., 601st F.A. Bn. (Aug-St. Louis) Virgil Becker, 2020 S. 14th Ave., Broadview, IL 60153 (312) 681-3343 334th Station Hospital (New Guinea) (Sept-Lebanon, Rt. 2, Wolcottville, IN 46795 (219) 854-2307 114th NCB (627th, 628th, 629th Maint Units) (WWII) York, TN) James Wall, Rt. 3, Box 205A, Pulaski, TN 38478 "C" Btry., 776th F.A. Bn. (WWII) (Sept-Phoenix, AZ) (Sept-York, PA) Norm Babner, 1320 Church Rd., (615) 363-8710 Walter Peternell, 4162 Bridlewood Dr., Akron, OH PA 17404 337th Inf. Regt. & Attach. Units (July-Harrisburg, PA) 44321 (216) 666-4316 126th Seabee9 (Aug-Oxnard, CA) Lenno Johnston, Star William Mitchell, 2332 21st St. SW, Akron, OH 44314 "D" Btry., 97th AA Gun Bn. (Oct-Villa Ridge, MO) Paul Rt., Box 27, Pineville, MO 64856 (417) 223-4666 368th Engrs. (WWII) (Nov-Sarasota, FL) Alex Andreski, Peters, 3519 Roy Ave., St. Louis, MO 63114 (314) 427- 145th NCB (Oct-Daytona Beach, FL) Herbert Muhs, 73 460 Bostwick Ave., Janesville, WI 53545 (608) 754-9321 7942 Fallingwood Terr., Rochester, NY 14612 (716) 663- 472nd Engr. Maint. Co. (WWII) (Sept-Durango, CO) "D" Btry. 243rd Coast Arty. (Oct-Cranston, RI) Charles 1319 Melvin Misfeldt, 2238 Grove St., Davenport, IA 52804 Brothers, 48 Jastram St., Providence, RI 02908 (410) C.A.S.U. 3 (WWII) (Oct-Las Vegas, NV) J. Murray Johns, (319) 323-5025 521-5017 12922 S. 123rd E. Ave., Broken Arrow, OK 74012 (918) 482nd Med. Coll. Co. Sep. (Oct-Cleveland) John Sutula, "A" Co., 30th Engr. Topo. Bn. (Sept- Wilmington, NO 369-5467 936 Engineers Bldg., Cleveland, OH 44114 (216) 861- George Losak, 1410 Parmele Dr., Wilmington, NC C.B.M.U. 539 (Sept-St. Louis) James Smith, Box 4209, St. 3080 28401 (919) 763-2993 Louis, MO 63118 (314) 776-8275 505th MP Bn. (Oct-Framingham, MA) Samuel Ruff, 166 "A" Co., 120th Med. Regt., 45th Thunderbird Div. LST 325 (Oct-Hasbrouck Hts., NJ) Dick Scacchetti, 6 226-4465 Butler Ave., Staten Island, NY 10307 (212) 984-1298 (WWII) (July-Cushing, OK) Mrs. Fred Cannon, 702 E. Nutting PI., West Caldwell, NJ 07006 (201) 530th F.A. Bn., 252nd CA. (Sept-Madison, IN) Robert Main, Cushing, OK 74023 LST 393 (Sept-Botkins, OH) Don Kennedy, 17805 R25A, Parker, Box 122, Versailles, IN 47042 (812) 689-5677 "A" Co., 728th Railroad Oper. Bn. (July-Nashville, TN) Botkins, OH 45306 (513) 693-6556 530th Parachute RCT (WWII) (July-Las Vegas, NV) Elmer Overman, Box 136, Delhi, IA 52223 (319) 922- LST 521 (Sept-Indianapolis) Charles Brown, Jr., 97 W. 676- Mike Matievich, 4901 Palmas Altas Dr. SE, Rio Ran- 2674 Jefferson St., Box 67, Jamestown, IN 46147 (317)

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

6714 5324 W. Lake Nokomis Pky., Minneapolis, MN 55417 380th Bomb Group, 5th A.F. (Flying Circus) (WWII) LST 757 (WWII) (Oct-Columbus, OH) Al Forino, 6495 (612) 729-8495 (Sept-Plattsburgh, NY) Forrest Thompson, 2401 Central College Rd„ New Albany, OH 43054 (614) USS Rocky Mount (AGC 3) (including Army, Marines Lakeview Dr., Heber Springs, AR 72543 855-7746 Staff) (WWII) (Oct-San Diego) John Vreeland, 3710 398th Bomb Group, 8th A.F. (Nuthampstead, Eng.) Naval Medical Research Unit 2 (WWII) (Oct-Asheville, Armstrong St., San Diego, CA 92111 (WWII) (Oct-Houston) George Hilliard, 7841 Quarter- NO Chuck Davison, 1122 Holmes PI., DeKalb, IL USS Saugus (LSV 4) (Sept- Washington) Lou Noll, 2122 maine Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45236 (513) 891-8533 60115 (815) 756-2618 Grayson PL, Falls Church, VA 22043 (703) 533-9509 406th Fighter Sq., 371st Fighter Group (July-Kansas Naval Minewarfare Assn. (Oct-Colorado Springs, CO) USS Savannah (CL 42) (September) Murray Flanders, City, MO) Robert Farley, 1128 1st St., Boone, IA 50036 Herb Stettler, 3604 Greenleaf Dr., Santa Rosa, CA Rt. 1, Box 157W, Semmes, AL 36575 (515) 432-8124 95401 (707) 545-8626 USS Sederstrom (DE 31) (Aug-Long Beach, CA) Rev. 453rd Bomb Sq., 323rd Bomb Grp., 9th A.F. (Sept Navy Cooks & Bakers (USS Monpelier (CL 57) 1944- Milton Lentz, 800 4th Ave. NE, Waseca, MN 56093 Baltimore) C. V. Sochocki, 1314 N. Brookfield St., South 46 (Oct-Willington, NO E. J. Ireland, 7633 Hillshire (507) 835-2535 Bend, IN 46628 (219) 233-6044 Ct., Saginaw, MI 48603 (517) 781-0716 USS Southern Seas (PY 32) (Oct-Chicago) Armond Rup- 461st Air Service Sq. (WWII) (Oct-Birmingham, AL) Presidental Yachts (White House, Camp Shangri-la- pel, Rt. 1, Webster City, IA 50595 (515) 832-3151 Robert Mercel, 159 Trionfo Ave., North Port, FL 33596 1945-53) (Naval Personnel Only) (Oct-Norfolk, VA) USS Sterett (DD 407) (Aug-Plymouth, MI) Douglas (813) 426-4896 Jerry O'Neal, 2841 Pinewood Dr., Virginia Beach, VA Shrieves, 1860 Hampton Rd., Grosse Pte. Woods, MI 483rd Bomb Group, 15th A.F. (Sterparone, Italy) 23452 (804) 486-5409 48236 (313) 343-0277 (WWII) (Sept-Dayton, OH) Donald Speagle, 2808 Stag One SATFOR (Sept-Traverse City, MI) Joseph USS Thomas (DE 102) (July-Philadelphia) Eugene Es- Canongate Dr., Arlington, TX 76015 Brume, 3927 Hammond Rd., Traverse City, MI 49684 sex, 410 W. Ash St., Zionsville, IN 46077 (317) 873-2489 492nd Bomb Group (WWII) (Oct-Houston) Elmer (616) 947-2034 USS Vestal (AR 4) (Oct-Charleston, SO G. L. Carter, 114 Clarey, 2015 Victoria Ct., Los Altos, CA 94022 (415) Torpedo Sq. 88 (Sept-Norfolk, VA) George Whitehurst, Ray Ave., Old Hickory, TN 37138 961-0231 Box 685, Virginia Beach, VA 23451 (804) 490-2393 USS Vincennes (CL 64) (Northeast) (Sept-Fall River, 582nd Saw Bn., 82nd, 328th Ftr. Control Sqdns. U.S. Asiatic Fleet (4 Stacker) (Sept-Grand MA) James Thomas, 34 Lakeview Ave., Holbrook, MA (WWII) (Aug-Asheville, NC) David Bishop, 509 Oak- Island, NE) Henry Mate, 719 "D" St., Central City, NE 02343 (617) 767-2625 land Dr., Raleigh, NC 27609 (919) 782-2572 68826 (308) 946-2040 USS West Virginia (BB 48) (Sept-Long Beach, CA) Ches- 801st/492nd Bomb Groups (Carpetbaggers) (Oct- USN Base Hospital #18 () (WWII) (July- ter Walczak, 11932 Wallingsford Rd., Los Alamitos, CA Houston) Sebastian Corriere, 4939 N. 89th St., Mil- Chattanooga, TN) James Anderson, 3305 Angela Ln., 90720 (213) 430-2322 waukee, WI 53225 (414) 464-8264 Chattanooga, TN 37419 USS Wharton (AP 7) (Oct-Nashville, TN) George How- 830th Bomb Sq. (Aug-Chicago) Lyle Talbott, 310 Mohi- US Naval Base Mayport, FL 1940- 44 (Oct-Mayport, lett, 110 Central Ave., Maiden, MA 02148 (617) 324- can Dr., Crooksville, OH 43731 (614) 982-2816 FL) Jaeme Haviland, 2843 Stonemont St., Jacksonville, 6121 1400th AAFBU European Air Trans. Command (Lon- FL 32207 (904) 396-6239 USS Wilson (DD 408) (Sept-San Diego) Milton don), 1406th Air Trans. Command (St. Mawgan- VP 11, VP 54, VB 101, PATSU 1-2 (1936-45) (Sept-San Crookston, 571 Inwood Dr., Santa Barbara, CA 93111 Cornwall, Eng) (WWII) (Sept-Statesville, NC) A. C. Diego) D. L. Wiley, Wynne Rd., Ridge, MD 20680 (301) (805) 967-4214 Brown, Box 25, Troutman, NC 28166 (704) 528-5218 872-4153 3575th Pilot Trng. Wing (1948-53) (July-Vance AFB, USS Baltimore (CA 68) (Aug-Virginia Beach, VA) Air Force OK) Pete Martin, 3051 Burlingame, Topeka, KS 66611 Richard Nance, 601 Tyson Rd., Virginia Beach, VA "A" Co., 596th SAW Bn. (Oct-Orlando, FL) Edward Ful- 23462 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th SSS Sqdns. (SAC) (Sept-Ft. Worth, ton, 1224 Randall Dr., Chillicothe, OH 45601 (614) USS Bunker Hill (CV 17) (Sept-Atlanta) Howard Jones, TX) L. L. Jones, 3252 Sarah, Bossier City, LA 71112 773-5906 3318 Spring Meadow Ct., Tucker, GA 30084 7th Detach., 15th SCU (Sept- Warner Robins, GA) Morton Bad 2 Assn. (Warton, Eng) (Aug-Sacramento, CA) Ralph USS Burns (DD 588) (Sept-Chattanooga, TN) R. L. Krieger, 6210 Park Hts. Ave., Baltimore, MD 21215 Scott, 228 W. Roosevelt Ave., New Castle, DE 19720 Robertson, 3822 Knollwood Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37415 (301) 789-7101 (302) 328-2137 (615) 875-5221 8th Air Support Command (HQ & HQ Sq) (Oct-Dallas) Clinton County AFB-Glider Unit (Aug- Wilmington, USS Capps (DD 550) (WWII) (Sept-Altanta) Randall Willis Maxwell, Box 354, Hawkins, TX 75765 (214) OH) James Wixson, 316 Walnut St., Wilmington, OH McRae, 3633 Cloverdale Rd., Montgomery, AL 36111 769-2179 45177 (513) 382-4275 USS Cascade (AD 16) (1951-54) (Aug-Long Beach, CA) 8th Annual Air Rescue Assn. (Sept-Colorado Springs, Roswell Army Air Field Assn. (Walker AFB-1941-67) Bill Huss, 205 S. Broadway, Ste. 204, Los Angeles, CA CO) Roy Jacobsen, 8124 E. Gail Rd., Scottsdale, AZ (Sept-Roswell, NM) R.A.A.F. Vets Assn. Box 1023, Ros- 90012 (213) 687-3933 85260 (602) 948-6660 well, NM 88202 USS Cavalla (SS 244), USS Seawolf (SS 197) (Aug- 13th Airdrome Sq., 13th A.F. (WWII) (Sept-South Dee- Galveston, TX) Rudy Cieplenski, 8803 Kohler Rd., rfield, MA) Micheal Mucha, One Davis St., Turner Falls, Marines Sauquoit, NY 13456 MA 01376 (413) 863-2161 USS Champlin (DD 601) (Oct-Charleston, SO Robert 18th Weather Sq. (WWII) (Oct-Houston) Arthur Gul- 24th Marines, 4th Marine Div. (Regt. Weapons Co.) Sales, 265 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Rochester, NY 14624 liver, 5119 S. 81st., Omaha, NE 68127 (Sept-Indianapolis) Floyd Bryant, 9811 Hutchinson Ln., (716) 889-3650 43rd Bomb Group (Oct-Long Beach, CA) Robert Butler, Manassas, VA 22110 (703) 368-5782 USS Coral Sea (CVA 43) (Oct-Portsmouth, VA) Christ- 511 Forrest Lake Rd., Fayetteville, NC 28305 (919) "F" Co., 2nd Bn., 1st Marine Regt., 1st Marine Div. opher Dimoff, 422 Henry St., Woodville, OH 43469 (419) 484-3013 (WWII) (Oct-Branson, MO) Marshall Steenberg, 862 E. 849-3170 45th Bomb Sq. (Schilling AFB-1954-64) (Aug-Salina, Wheelock, Pky., St. Paul, MN 55106 (612) 774-2350 USS Crane (DD 109) (Aug-Dearborn, MI) Donald Mur- KS) Tom Woods, 410 Maple Ave., Salina, KS 67401 Marine Bomber Sq. VMB 611 (Oct-San Diego) Gilbert phy, 3115 Buchanan St. NE, Minneapolis, MN 55418 (913) 823-3803 DeBlois, 9904 Stoughton Rd., Fairfax, VA 22032 (703) (612) 788-4663 46th Air Serv. Sq., 34th Air Serv. Group (WWII) (Oct- 273-2197 USS Croaker (SS 246) (Aug-Scottsdale, AZ) Victor Lee, San Benito, TX) Don Martin, 840 N. Austin, San Be- Marine Corps Aviation Assn. (Oct-San Diego) J. B. 5116 Old Atlanta Rd., Suwanee, GA 30174 (404) 887- nito, TX 78586 (512) 399-2895 Maas, Jr., Box 296, Quantico, VA 22134 (703) 640-6161 0483 55th Fighter Group (Sept-San Antonio, TX) A. V. Rod- VMD 154 (Oct-Anaheim, CA) Chester Wood, 305 S. Har- USS Delta (AR 9) (WTI & Korea) (Sept-Southport, ME) riguez, 259 W. Wildwood, San Antonio, TX 78212 (512) wood, Orange, CA 92666 (714) 538-6889 Howard Vansciver, 2034 Lansing St., Philadelphia, PA 824-9950 19152 (215) 745-1364 71st Liaison Sq. (CBI) (Sept-St. Louis) Ken Schindler, Coast Guard USS Farmington (PCE 894) (WWII) (Sept-Milltown, NJ) 714 Bella Villa Dr., Lemay, MO 63125 (314) 631-6124 Addison Bradford, 51 South St., Milltown, NJ 08850 79th Fighter Group (85th, 86th, 87th Sqdns.) (Sept- LST 829 (Sept-Cape Cod, MA) Fred Carvell, 26 Hidden ' (201) 828-0050 Arlington, VA) Edwin Newbould, 1206 SE 27th Terr., Acres Ave., West Yarmouth, MA 02673 (617) 394-7936 USS Flusser (DD 368) (Sept-San Diego) George Metre, Cape Coral, FL 33904 (813) 574-7098 U.S. Coast Guard 83327 (Sept-Cape May, NJ) Jerome 630 Alameda Blvd., Coronado, CA 92118 (619) 435-1720 95th Bomb Group (WWII) (Aug-Las Vegas, NV) M. J. Merrill, 54 Van Buren Ave. S., Hopkins, MN 55343 USS Gainard (DD 706) (Aug-Norfolk, VA) Cecil Ken- Steele, 8754 Dallas St., La Mesa, CA 92041 (619) 469- (612) 938-4032 drick, 720 Hemlock Crescent, Virginia Beach, VA 23464 4446 USS Joyce (DE 317) (Sept-Jacksonville, FL) Joe Hel- (804) 495-1708 96th Bomb Group, 8th A.F. (WWII) (Oct-Houston) T. L. minger, 1513 Huron Ave., Metairie, LA 70005 (504) USS Greenling (SS 213) (Sept-Scottsdale, AZ) George Thomas, 1607 E. Willow Ave., Wheaton, IL 60187 831-1454 Hinda, 172 N. Middlesex Dr., Carlisle, PA (717) 243- 304th Fighter Sq. Assn. (Aug-Tampa, FL) Tracy Little, USS Selstrom (DE 225) (Oct-Chicago) Adriano Galassi, 3855 3011 Westover St., Shreveport, LA 71108 (318) 635- 6922 W. Jonquil Terr., Niles, IL 60648 (312) 966-4781 USS Gregory (APP 3) (Sept-Reno, NV) Charles 2426 Coffinbarger, 297 McKee Rd., North Versailles, PA 306th Bomb Group (Thurleigh-Bedford, Eng.) (WWII) Miscellaneous 15137 (412) 824-6345 (Sept-Omaha, NE, Oct-Houston) William Collins, Jr., USS Hancock (CV/CVA 19) (Sept-Charleston, SO Ed- 2973 Heatherbrae Dr., Poland, OH 44515 (216) 757- CCC Co. 635 (Aug-Ontonagon, MI) Ollie Johnson, Star mund Orchowski, 5427 Bossart St., Pittsburgh, PA 3463 Rt., Ontonagon, MI 49953 15206 (412) 441-6019 307th Fighter Sq., 31st Group (Spitfire) (Oct-New Or- CCC National Assn. (Sept-Eagle River, WI) Stanley USS Harris (APA 2) (Sept-San Francisco) William Bil- leans) Steve Toman, 10219 Seawood Dr., , Jerkins, 9943 S. Spaulding Ave., Evergreen Park, IL lings, 1929 St. Andrews, Moraga, CA 94556 (415) 376- LA 70127 (504) 241-3376 60642 (312) 425-5000 4337 316th Fighter Sq. (Hells Belles) (July-Lexington, KY) Chapter 29 NACCCA (Aug-Grand Rapids, MI) Frank USS Hornet (CV 8) (Oct-Jacksonville, FL) John Hamil- Jerry Wurmser, 518 Codell Dr., Lexington, KY 40509 Munger, 2464 Cranden SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49506 ton, 4811 Mannville Cir., Jacksonville, FL 32244 (904) (606) 266-0455 (616) 241-3850 772-6207 325th Photographic Wing Recon. (High Wycombe, Eagle Sq. Assn. (RAF) (Oct-Los Angeles) James Gray, USS Houston (CA 30, CL 81) (Sept-Phoenix, AZ) Don Eng. -1944-45), 2nd, 8th Photo Tech. Sq., 942nd 7283 Kolb PI., Dublin, CA 94568 Johnson, 4553 Hubbell St., Phoenix, AZ 85002 Engr. Avn. Topo. Bn., 1st, 19th AAF P.I.D., 3rd, 8th EX-POWS (Romania-1944) (Aug-Kansas City, MO) Alex USS Hull (DD 350) (Sept-Tampa, FL) George Gratton, AAF CCU, Hq. & Hq. Sq., (Oct-Houston) Hugh Scott, Spears, 10511 Wallace Ave., Kansas City, MO 64134 702 E. Henry Ave., Tampa, FL 33604 (813) 239-3159 Box 2024, Florence, AL 35630 (205) 767-0069 Military Photojournalism Program Graduates (Syra- USS Isherwood (DD 520) (1942-45) (July-Louisville, 328th Fighter Control Sq. (WWII) (Aug-Asheville, NC) cuse University) (Oct-Syracuse, NY) Colleen Duffin, KY) Jim Lenihan, 2700 Citizens Plaza, Louisville, KY John Elwood, 5716 N. 34th Dr., Phoenix, AZ 85017 Photography Dept., Newhouse School of Public Com- 40202 (502) 583-9701 339th Fighter Group, 8th A.F. (WWII) (Oct-Houston) munications, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210 USS Kidd (DD 661) (East Assn.) (WWII) (Oct-Newport, Chet Malarz, 2405 Kings Point Dr., Atlanta, GA 30338 National Assn. of Atomic Vets (Aug-Rochester, MN) RI) Bob Hatfield, Box 552, Swansea, MA 02777 (617) 361st Fighter Group (WWII) (Oct-Houston) Glenn Field- Kenneth Erickson, 7114 Perry PI. N, Brooklyn Center,

678-5725 ing, 1000 Clubland Point NE, Marietta, GA 30067 (405) MN 55429 ( 612) 560-7196 USS Lamson (DD 367) (Oct-San Antonio, TX) Ray 973-1017 National Organization of World War Nurses (Aug- Duley, Heritage Sq. L3, Mission, TX 78572 (512) 581- 362nd Ftr. Group, 9th A.F. (WWII) (Aug-Green Bay, Seattle) Ethel Redfield, 15 W. Howard St., Red Lion, PA 4632 WI) William Maries, 2838 Blue Brick Dr., Nashville, 17356 (717) 244-9132 USS Northampton (CA 26) (1930-42) (Sept-Pensacola, TN 37214 (615) 883-1208 National Stearman Fly-In (Sept-Galesburg, IL) Ted FL) S.T. Kinard, 1537 Chowkeebin Nene, Tallahassee, 364th Fighter Group, 8* A.F. (Sept-Colorado Springs, McCullough, 43 Indiana Ave., Galesburg, IL 61401 FL 32301 (904) 877-2017 CO) Chelius Carter, 9730 Evander Rd„ Millington, TN (309) 342-2298 USS Omaha (CL 4) (Oct-Omaha, NE) George Loveridge, 38053 (901) 872-1110 Shemya WWII (APO 729) Vets Assn. (Sept-New Or- 6809 Weaver Ave., McLean, VA 22101 (703) 356-4645 370th Bomb Sq. (Oct-Bossier City, LA) Ira Anderson, Jr., leans) E. B. Bonnet, Box 26093, New Orleans, LA 70186 USS Paddle (SS 263) (Aug-Scottsdale, AZ) G. J. Orbeck, 1800 Sybil Ln., Tyler, TX 75703 (214) 561-2832 (504) 241-2765.

35 —

July 1983

NOW! Get in on the PROFITS in SMALL ENGINE REPAIR J^W Law right at home — we help you every step of the way. (Continued from page 15)

No doubt about it ... as a small engine pro, you can cash in on the huge de- mand for qualified men in one of America's fastest growing industries. You'll be able to command top hourly rate?' of from $10.00 to $15.00 per hour — and times brought to court severely strain reputation is personal and dies with a that's just for labor. the credulity of any rational person. In person. And though there is merit in Plenty of business waiting for qualified men. 65,000,000 Small Engines Are In Use Todayl an attempt to roll the legal dice and protecting the family of the departed,

That's the official count from the Engine Service Assn . , and come up winners, some of the most in- this is but another sign in the liberal- one-million new engines are being built each month. With credible cases are tumbling through ization of litigation. Foley-Belsaw training, you can soon have the skill and knowledge to make top money servicing these engines. our system of jurisprudence. Just Sure, some of these cases are down- about anyone could be a target, and to right hard to fathom. But the effects of a logical individual, such suits should such litigation touch everyone in the give pause, or even produce an eerie country. For starters, only foreign dip- chill. For example: lomats are immune from being sued. • Five years ago a 23-year-old Pon- From homeowners to auto drivers, tiac, Mich., man drove his car down businessmen to professionals, anyone the wrong side of the highway, struck can make even an innocent mistake a car head-on and killed its two occu- and be sued. Moreover, even if you win Professional Tools and Equipment PLUS 4 hp Engine pants. Now, he and his attorney are it can be costly. All YOURS TO KEEP. ... All al No Extra Cost. NO EXPERIENCE NECESSARY! asking for unspecified damages from The Little Rock minister won the You don't neeo born mechanic' or have any prior to be a the couple's estate, claiming they "had first round of his case with the angry experience. Lessons are fully illustrated ... so clear you can't go wrong, and with our famous 'learn-by-doing' the time, the opportunity and the husband, but his defense took $2,500 method you get practical 'hands-on' experience. ability to avoid this accident." The out of his pocket. Take the medical [~Foley-Belsaw Institute • 50237 Field Bldg free"] driver who survived was under the malpractice suits that were the van- I Kansas City, Mo. 64111 \ LIT! ! YES. please send me the FREE booklet that gives full de- BOOK | 1 si' \ influence of intoxicating liquor and guard of personal injury cases in the | tails about starting my own bosiness in Small Engine Repair Send (or 1

1 will 1 understand there is No Obligation and that No Salesman your copy ' call on 1970s. course of were me 1 no contest to negligent Of many them today 1 pleaded J homicide, but since being disabled by deserved, but many were not. Still, 1 IMMF the accident feels he deserves some- physicians insurance premiums rose ADDRESS 1 thing from his victims. 10-fold, in part due to the cost of suc- 1 niTY 1 • Similarly, a 200-pound San Jose, cessfully defending against suits.

ZIP | STATF 1 Calif., woman, accused of killing her But this is just the beginning of the nine-year-old son by sitting on him for ultimate price of the litigation. Fear- two hours, filed a $1 million suit ing suits, doctors feel they must prac- against a counseling center, claiming tice defensive medicine, ordering counselors recommended the tech- marginal but costly tests and taking MOVING? nique as discipline. The director of the expensive "precautions" more legal center, however, says that not only than medical. would his counselors not recommend Municipalities, which only a decade Notify the Circulation Depart- that ploy, but never advise anyone to ago were protected against liability ment, allowing approximately 6 punish children. suits, are now suffering from high in- weeks for the change of address to • Although we all know doctors are surance premiums — and even budget take effect. sued for malpractice, clergymen are ruin — from litigation. A few small now getting the treatment. One Pen- burgs have unincorporated to save the Membership Card $k tecostal minister in Little Rock, Ark., trouble of paying rates and getting who preaches a puritanical lifestyle, sued. And Cashion, Okla., (pop 550) is, had a member whose husband "liked for example, facing bankruptcy be- to go nightclubbing and to the dog cause of a $157,000 award to a family races." When she divorced her man, injured in a sewer gas explosion. Bev- the husband hit the minister with a $1 erly Hills, furthermore, is one of the n million suit, claiming — perhaps the most-sued cities of its size in the coun- x first time this has ever been tried try. City fathers there wonder if people > "alienation of affections through come to town not for stargazing, but to ~ o teaching the Bible." get themselves hurt. EE w • pets in court? Sterling, Business, and eventually the con- > tr How about o a 4-year-old poodle from South San sumer, also suffer. Take the case of a 3 H equipment maker in X > Francisco, Calif., is seeking $50,000 scuba diving © fa from a vet who allegedly mistreated Southern California. As cases against a him. Although the local county other scuba manufacturers mount, the 3 HPS superior court has denied Sterling entire industry's insurance premiums tx well, really Sterling's owner — his day increase, and even though this par- in the dock, appeals to other judges are ticular manufacturer has never had a in the works. loss his rates are prohibitively high. • Even the dead now, if you will, He's considering dropping coverage have a say in court. Or at least accord- and taking his chances. But worse, ing to a U.S. district court judge who is sitting in his back room is new and in-

Send to: CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT, allowing the family of a deceased man novative equipment, devices that could P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 4C206 to press a suit against a major U.S. make scuba diving more enjoyable, publishing company. Traditionally, a easier and perhaps even safer. But he

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION

Now, You Can Wear or Display America's Proudest, 200-Year Symbol of Freedom will not bring the new goods to mar- ket, for fear it will be misused, some- one will get hurt and will ruin his bus- iness by forcing him to defend, and maybe even lose, a catastrophic suit. Perhaps the fattest targets in our country are cities and big businesses, those viewed as having "deep pockets." That is, even if they're not that much at fault, they're certainly able to pay. And while most companies defend themselves as best they can—and, of course, pass the costs along to the consumer — others simply pay off claims to avoid the risk of a sym- pathetic jury. An in-house attorney for a major oil company explains that his case load in recent years has increased 30 percent annually. "Mostly slips and falls at service stations, which we're not le- gally responsible for, but on which we help out our dealers. If the plaintiff is justified, we try to settle as best we THE AMERICAN EAGLE can. We will defend against a spurious suit, but there's always the chance if it COLLECTOR'S BUCKLE goes to a jury you just might get hit with a big sympathy verdict because A Limited Edition you're unpopular — or big." According to an assistant vice pres- 200th Anniversary ident of one large insurance company, "there are some companies within our Commemorative industry, or their branch offices, that settle the nuisance cases just to knock THE AMERICAN EAGLE was selected And, because this commemorative has down their case load. And also because for the Great Seal of the United States by such great symbolic importance to all there are some jurisdictions where a the Continental Congress on June 20, 1782. Americans, a less expensive, but equally is offered as well. two centuries later, this Eagle still beautiful version settlement is made out of fear that a Now, soars as the symbol of our great nation's Your AMERICAN EAGLE BUCKLE jury might reach into the sky and pull strength and vigilance in defense of will be individually numbered sequen- down an enormous verdict." Then are freedom and peace. tially, and registered in the Official Archives of The Sterling Treasury. we bowing to legal extortion? "Unfor- To commemorate the 200th anniversary of America's proudest symbol, The This Limited Edition Price Guaranteed tunately," he says, "we sometimes do Sterling Treasury offers this Limited For Only 30 Days. Any increase in silver just that." Edition Collector'^ Buckle. Our master and gold costs could force a correspond- engraver and minters have created and ing increase in the price of this although it sound like a Indeed, may cast this intricately detailed, proudest of commemorative. Avoid disappointment cliche, there are ambulance chasers in eagles in high relief. They've meticulously by acting at once! You, your children, and grandchildren will be proud to own this every city in the country, working plated him by hand in 24 Karat Gold. He stands out boldly against a gleaming American Eagle Collector's Buckle. with shady physicians and "victims," Solid Sterling Silver background, and is Money-Back Guarantee on your full purchase price, less postage, handling filing claims with insurance companies haloed by a raised gold plated border. and insurance, if not absolutely pleased. for the old whiplash and back injuries, hoping to draw a nuisance payment. FOR CREDIT CARD ORDERS, CALL TOLL-FREE, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, According to one insurance company including Sunday 1-800-228-5656, In NE: 1-800-642-8777 vice president, "there are some com- panies, or more likely an occasional The Sterling Treasury, Dept. AE-7719, Sterling Building, Garnerville, N Y. 10923 . Yes, I would be proud to own this 200-year _ , „ .„ , , , branch office, that unfortunately pays Three for only $49 95 P, I included, symbol of America's freedom. Please send the ° i H & Four ,or onl 395 included. off these claims, if only because they're following AMERICAN EAGLE COLLECTOR'S y ^ - ' BUCKLES: Enclosed is $ CHARGE IT: under pressure to reduce their load." Solid Sterling Silver with Genuine 24 Karat Gold VISA MasterCard Amer. Express Plated Highlight* However, as Dave Simmons of the , One for only $175 plus $5 postage, handling and Insurance Information Institute ex- insurance. Card # ORDER GIFTS NOW, AND SAVEI plains, any offices faced with such situ- Two for only $335, P, H & I included. Expires ations "would be fools to pay the first Three for only $500, P, H & I included. Four for only $655. P, H & I included. Name one," for it would just encourage more. Genuine Gold Plate Selectively Hand Applied On Simmons says the industry supports A Gleaming Silver-Tone Background Address One for only $19.95 plus $1 postage, handling the Insurance Crime Prevention Insti- and insurance. SAVEI City . tute, which has field agents across the Two for only $35, P, H & I included. State . . Zip. Continued . . .

37 July 1983

The incredible mowing machine ... cuts the heavy stuff

with ease! Self-propelled sickle bar mower breezes through heavy weeds, 2" tall brush, up to saplings, rough grass, small . . . Continued other proposals for better defining hay fields. Floating 38" wide country investigating repeat claims by product liability, a national umbrella sickle knife follows ground so-called victims and their attorneys. personal injury superfund and changes .contour without hangups. "It's a problem we're beginning to in courtroom procedure. Super easy to operate really crack down on." all, the suits, . uphill or downhill Own Above number of par- 1 this professional model Luckily, these types are a small ticularly the flimsy and spurious ones, equal I for a cost to or minority. But there are perhaps too filed in the name of individual rights, less than commercial machines. many lawyers who are not malicious, must be slowed. "Suits are so often yet when lured by the promise of a big settled by wearing down the defense," verdict, push cases that have no strong says Steven Brill, editor of the Ameri- foundation, but which cost innocent can Lawyer magazine, "until they just Dept. 6037, 170 N. Pascal • St. Paul, MN 55104 defendants much to withstand. J.B. give in to save money. It becomes al- V 612 644-4666 J Spence, a noted plaintiff attorney in most a formal negotiation, but one Miami, and a man who doesn't shy man's negotiation is another man's ex- from developing novel liability tortion." theories himself, worries about the Brill thinks the plaintiff should pay ARMED FORCES kinds of cases — and the people who the defendant's legal costs should the file them — currently brought to the plaintiff lose, as is the case in most courts. other nations. But this, points out CATALOG "There are," he says, "too many kids Spence, might be unfair to the poor Medals • Ribbons • Patches • Badges wet behind the ears who take any- man who has a reasonably legitimate Uniforms * Display Boxes • Books • Models thing that walks in off the street. Of suit, but nevertheless loses, thereby course there are ambulance chasers being stuck with an injury and a stiff UNIFORMS / PAST & and shysters, but I'm talking about legal bill. Still, explains Spence, there & INSIGNIA / PRESENT poorly trained or inexperienced is a statute in Florida — perhaps the For New 120 page Catalog send $2.00 to: lawyers. Understand: there is only one only state that has it — where if a THE QUARTERMASTER UNIFORM CO. Michael DeBakey who can perform 750 LONG BEACH BLVD., LONG BEACH, CA 90813 heart surgery the way he does. No one Allow 3-4 weeks delivery. right out of medical school should even I this: is attempt what he can do. But we've got do know what RAISE MONE Y-P LAY BINGO new lawyers trying to bring tough justice for client is FINGER my A FLICK OF THE cases to court, and it's doing a disserv- MARKS THE NUMBER ice to their clients and the civil justice a total injustice to the '38°° PER 100 SPECIAL OFFER 100 Finger Tip system. And it hurts the legitimate 44 guy who lost. Stitched cards with cage, members of the profession, along with FREE sample and wood balls catalog and masterboard the cases they press." TO ORDER SyiSO Melvin Belli, the flamboyant "King Phone (312) 588-7765 ' GAMES MANUFACTURING COMPANY of Torts," muses that plaintiff attor- judge finds a case spurious and frivol- 1 3714 Irving Park Road-Chicago. Ill 60618 neys "just might be close to killing the ous, he can tax the plaintiff for the de- 1 Telephone 13121 586 7765 lr 1 golden goose." Admitting that he likes fendant's fees. LEARN nothing more than "a good, knock- "It's not used very often and is up to down, drag-out lawsuit with a good the judge's discretion," says Spence. ''Jj&k MEAT CUTTING opening and a well-crafted conclusion," "But perhaps it should be used more." tin quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo • bright future with security in the vital Belli adds that "I don't know but that However, clients don't often know or meat business. Big pay. full-time jobs — HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR the layman is beginning to get clawed understand that their case might be OWN! Time payment plan available. Di- Ifc ploma given Job help Thousands of suc- up in the process. Some of the contin- legally unwarranted, and other ex- * * cessful mduates OUR 60th YEAR 1 Send NOWforabignewUluHtraledFREEcatalog No obligation GI accepted fees are too high in some of the in the field believe the plaintiff's NATIONALSCHOOLOFMEATCUTTING.No 71 U2 0197T Dept. gency perts A-188, 33 N Superior, Toledo, Ohio 43604 multimillion dollar awards. I think attorney — who certainly should some of us have taken too much know — ought to pay the costs for such HEARING AIDS money." And he feels that instead of spurious suits. SAVE $200 trying to resolve every case in court, This whole subject of litigation is AII-in-the-Ear Aid will help an increase in arbitration systems, terribly paradoxical. For every in- you hear and understand! and no-fault mechanisms that function stance such as the New Jersey man Try 30 days before you buy! like workmen's compensation, could who filed a $1 million suit against a salesman. Free catalog! No save plaintiffs and defendants consid- Congers, N.Y., restaurant, because RHODES, Dept. 34-0, Brookport, ILL 62910 erable amounts of money. he'd hurt his knee after being attacked The American Bar Association is outside the establishment by a ram- aware of the problem, and has set up paging goose, there's a young man, numerous committees to make rec- perhaps paralyzed for life, the result of ommendations on establishing civil a tragic accident brought on by the I ous firearms CANNOT CHAMBER OR FIRE REAL oi machined melal. rhey look, leel and . AMMUNITION! Made justice arbitration systems. Belli says failure of a shoddy product, or the cal- I weigh same as Ihe originals CAN BE DISASSEMBLED. Over 30 blued, hand-finished parts Comes fully assembled Sale I and perfeel lor display MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. Send for there should be more temporary judges lous negligence of another. Simplisti- I FREE CATALOG of over 60 different models ' CO1Ufi1-300 Sgg Model shown: U.S. GOVT .45 AUTOMATIC, am\ hired to help clear the backlog of cally blaming lawyers, or greedy goof- I The COLLECTOR'S ARMOURY, Inc., Dept. A L delivery SLATERS^/WE^L^rWDF^IA^VIRGINU ^haogejn parenthesis^ 1^800 _22313 J cases, while there exists a spate of balls, does an injustice to the many

38 .

THE AMERICAN LEGION

Well, pre-Castro Havana, it was practically the uniform of well- dressed men. In that hot humid tropical climate, suits and ties were out of the cases settled over the last question, but meritorious the Guayabera more than two decades. filled the bill. Nevertheless, this burgeoning of Today, the Guayabera has become the hot-weather leisure lawsuits has created a multifaceted favorite of Chief Executives and problem. Each day seems to bring a professional men all across the fresh and far-reaching nuance to our U.S.A. Wherever it's hot & sticky (that's everywhere of laws. In the California Su- in body July!), smart men wear the preme Court, for example, a woman is Guayabera now arguing that a professional edu- cation is an investment, and that in- come from it should be divided be- tween spouses after a divorce. That is, since her husband divorced her after 3! she helped put him through medical deta"- D eTA detai school, she is seeking a portion of his Crisp, fresh and handsome. 4 big pockets to handle all a man's things. And Comfort? future earnings, above and beyond Haband recommends the Guayabera as the or Id's all-around coolest child support, just as if the fruits of his , roomiest, unique -est mmer shirt, in light weight, wash and wear education were community property. Dolvester and cotton The outcome here could affect nearly details, , Great like row-on-row of tiny pin-tuck everyone who had spousal help with pleats, lots of button trim, easy L-O N-C length, and comfy full cut. Once you try one, you'll swear higher education. ly its good looks and summer comfort. Order here: the upshot of this would Obviously, Haband"s Polyester & Cotton be fear and mistrust, indicative of a Guayabera %V/2 each climate that's already evolving in 2 for $23.75 America. Corporations have hesitated Shirt li 3 for S34.95 HURRY! Supplies limited! SIZES AVAILABLE in using the word "career" in recruit- HABAND This is a sharp shirt at a very sharp price, this 265 N. 9th St.. ing brochures, worried that may and once this ad appears nationally, Paterson. NJ 07530 lifetime jobs. "Com- fast. You'll Send it once Guayaberd imply guaranteed they'll go So don't delay. want I

Shirts for which I enclose my panies are more conservative in devel- both the crisp White and the cool Blue, •Plvasv »

wear the shirts. I return them your full remittance back — You'll Never Kxp. dale may benefit many, might harm a few, lead- within 30 days for a full refund. Get a Better Deal! ing to whopping lawsuits. This, in ef- 70H-10P fect, cramps the public's right to new HABAND _Apt.#„ products. Or further, to less expensive 265 N. 9th St., Paterson. NJ 07530 and lower insurance rates. products or order (201 ) 942-9452 phone City Sc State^ -Zip_ Ultimately, all these suits have just about caused us to lose our national nerve, a bold approach to progress and 120 YEARS OF PROVEN RESULTS! innovation. When one must constantly NEW TIGER [gardening? TILLER fear being hauled into court, where HANDED you lose even if you win, then what is SO GENTLE RUNS SINGLE WONT BOUNCE OR JUMP the use of pushing foward, taking TILLS DEEPER, WEEDS BETTER risks? THAN OTHER MACHINES TEST THIS TILLER ON YOUR LAND FOR 30 DAYS W Is this justice? Asked this question, Joe Jamail pauses and considers, "I really don't know what justice is," he says. "Justice changes with every case. due to ECZEMA, HEMORRHOIDS (ITCHING PILES), It's what the jury finds with the evi- PSORIASIS, ATHLETES FOOT, CHAFING, COLD SORES, dence to answer the puzzle that's been SCALING and RED RAW ITCHING SKIN! For blessed temporary relief that can give you a new lease on given to them." Weighs 22 Pounds Tills deep from Weeds fast from TARLEINE Ointment over the affected Gasoline Powered 18 to 12 In. wide 6 to 2 in. wide life . . . just rub ADAMS' lawyer isn't done. "I The Houston DOES THE WORK OF A areas! RELIEVES THROUGH HEALING! REAR ENDER BUT COSTS at times simply can't tell you what Webster's "I was troubled with a bad leg sore for many years and 66 PERCENT LESS was unable to walk. After trying many prescriptions and says this nebulous thing justice is," he commercial use . 1 . Built rugged for medicines a friend recommended TARLEINE, which healed the 30 day money back trial period. bothered explains. "But I do this: what is I have never been know Inches leg in a very short time and 2. Ad|ustable . . . from 18 to 2 Calif. . . , Bernardino, all. since'.' . J.5 . Son justice for my client is a total injustice wide . . . hood tines and 3. Tills deeper, weeds faster. Saves TARLEINE and found that it is everything you to the lost." point, yet "I have used guy who Good you time. Improves your soil. to you I thankful claim it to be. It has cured my piles and am so engine 4. Air Force approved Indianapolis, Ind unless the pace of American litigation putting out such a remedy" . . . W.J.P., with litetime service. for postpaid is slowed, unless people begin thinking NOT SOLD IN STORES. ..FREE GARDENING GUIDE Send check or money order today for only $24 00 Not available in stores. 30 DAY MONEY in terms of the collective good at least WRITE TO: ALLENTOWN TILLER CO.. DEPT. A for supply of two. nothing to lose but pain! ANTEE . . You have e/o Allentown Feed Co., Main St., Allentown. N.J. 08501 BACK GUAR as much as individual rights, we may CHARLES L ADAMS MEDICINE CO < For Rush Mailing of Literature call IU H I Y I 3209 P.O. Box 18, Dept. AL-10, Solvay, N all be losers in this litigious game. O Ask for Betty Allen . 201-530-9380^ BmBUCT

39 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

Korea

CContinued frompage 1 7)

responsibility for defense planning Sennewald — It is idle to speculate on tional tank units — made possible by and, should the north attack, for di- the intentions of North Korea, or any the introduction of hundreds of North recting the defense. This headquarters other current or potential adversary. Korean-built copies of the Soviet T-62 is staffed in roughly equal numbers by What I must deal with are the tank. The North Korean air force out- both nations and is commanded by an capabilities that Kim II Sung has numbers the ROK/US by about two- American four-star general, who, in amassed on his side of the DMZ. to-one and was recently boosted by the current situation of an armed North Korea's military capabilities consignment of approximately 30 to 40 truce, concurrently commands the are considerable — a large, modern, F-7 fighters, a Chinese-built copy of UNC, U.S. Forces Korea and 8th U.S. well-trained, well-supported and dedi- the Soviet MIG-21. The north has ex- Army. The CFC receives its authority cated fighting force that will do Kim II tensive shipbuilding capability and an and direction from a ROK/US military Sung's bidding. Their military might impressive naval fleet that reflects the committee, headed by the respective has grown, and continues to grow, far priority given the military buildup chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff beyond any reasonable agreement for over civilian needs. and, in turn, the national command a requisite defense. Legion — North Korea appears far authorities of both nations would be Legion — What percentage of their from a paper tiger. How do CFC involved in any decision to commit Gross National Product (GNP) do (Combined Forces Command) forces. the North Koreans allocate for de- forces measure up to those of Kim Operational control of U.S. Forces fense as compared to the Republic II Sung? would pass to the CFC commander of Korea? Sennewald — I am confident we enjoy upon a decision by the National Com- Sennewald — This is difficult to esti- significant qualitative advantages that mand Authority. The CFC commander mate, but we believe North Korea al- help offset the north's quantitative would employ the combined forces of locates 25 percent, and possibly more, edge. It has never been our intention both nations in the event of hostilities. of its GNP to military spending. The to match the north weapon for weapon. The UNC remains in Korea to over- ROK allocates some 6 percent of GNP We seek, instead, a balance of ROK see the Armistice Agreement, includ- for defense, which includes significant and U.S. forces and weapons systems ing compliance by U.S. and ROK funding for various projects needed by that will deter the north by the clear forces. The CFC provides forces as re- the U.S. Forces Korea as well as the perception that we have the means to quired to enable the UNC to carry out destroy any attack. Air power and de- the UN Security Council Resolution, structive weaponry of the United which gives the UNC the mission to States gives us an advantage. The maintain peace and order. U.S. Forces in Korea know growing industrial strength of the Legion — Granted, we've signed an ROK further hones the cutting edge. their jobs, are physically Armistice with the North Koreans, New weapons systems already placed but is this the same thing as a true fit, have pride in in our hands — new attack helicopters peace? with tow anti-tank capability, the their Sennewald — No, about 1 million themselves and latest artillery, A-lOs, F-16s — have heavily armed men still face each country. greatly strengthened combined forces other across the DMZ. That's why the in Korea. combined ROK and U.S. forces must The support base for these systems be prepared. North Korea repeatedly is underwritten in part by ROK gov- has proposed to sign a peace treaty ROK/US Combined Forces Command. ernment funding. The ROK is also with the United States, which led the Legion — What type of military funding its own force improvements United Nations forces' military de- hardware has been supplied to the and sharing with us the costs of up- fense against the north's invasion in north by the USSR and China? grading vital systems for command, 1950. That proposal is unacceptable Sennewald — What is so significant control, communications and intelli- for two reasons. First, the UN military about the North Korean military gence. Our efforts are complementary defense of the ROK was a collective buildup is that the vast majority of its and this interoperability enables us to effort — the first in the UN's modernization effort is locally devel- multiply the force we could bring to history — and the 1953 Armistice oped. North Korea is essentially self- the battlefield. Agreement was signed by the UN mil- sufficient except for , oil and (Our) forces are substantially ready, itary commander, not by any of the 16 lubricants; aircraft, missiles and ad- for we understand that we must be nations that provided military forces vanced electronics. prepared for "come as you are" to defend the south. Second, North This decade-old massive buildup has hostilities — that we initially would Korea insists that the ROK be ex- seen inventories of major ground force have to sustain ourselves on the cluded from the negotiations for a weapons systems more than double battlefield with the capabilities we peace treaty, ostensibly because the and North Korea holds an advantage have at hand. The first three days ROK did not sign the Armistice over the ROK forces in terms of mobil- would be critical. Agreement. In reality, North Korea ity and ground firepower. During the Legion — Hardware is important, avoids doing things that would ac- past three years, North Korea has em- but what about the CFC's 639,000 knowledge the ROK's existence as a phasized mechanization of its ground troops? How motivated are Ameri- nation. forces, converting several infantry di- can and ROK soldiers? Legion — Does it appear that the visions to mechanized or truck-mobile Sennewald — Every U.S. citizen can North Korean army is preparing status, converting towed to self- be proud of the personnel of the U.S. for another invasion of the south? propelled artillery and forming addi- Forces in Korea. They reflect the em-

40 . THE AMERICAN LEGION Remarkable VERMINEX Helps Rid Your Premises of Rats, Mice, Roaches.. ELECTRONICALLY!* phasis on quality that is common today in all American service "Verminex" ends the need for danger- branches. They know their jobs; they ous, expensive powders, sprays and traps! What's more, "Verminex" has one are physically fit; they have pride in frequency for rats and mice—another themselves, their units and their coun- for roaches. It doesn't kill but the sound try. They are also good — and getting drives away: better — at working in combined oper- • Rats .Mice .Roaches ations with ROK forces. The ROK per- SAFE FOR PETS sonnel are outstanding — tough, "Verminex" is completely harmless to people, dogs, cats, birds, fish and plants. courageous, technically adept, highly And it's so inconspicuous it blends with professional and fiercely patriotic. any decor. Legion — The United States is Use indoors on this Money-Back committed as a matter of moral Guarantee —Try "Verminex." If "Ver- minex" does not repel pests and principle and agreement to the de- take care of your pest problem to your satis- fense of the Republic of Korea. But, faction, within 60 days of receiving it, aside from that, how does South return for a full refund of your purchase Korea fit into the U.S. strategic pic- price. To order just mail this coupon along About size of a cigarette pack. Runs on 9 ture in the Pacific? the with your check or money order for volt transistor battery (included) or AC Sennewald — The contribution of the $49.95 (plus $3.00 postage and handl- adaptor. U.S. Forces (we have over 39,000 ing). Visa and Master Card orders are troops in the country) to the combined welcome. Optional AC adaptor $6.00. DRIVES THEM AWAY! defense is a mission that, while 'For maximum effectiveness keep premises free of © 1983 R E. Myers Inc., R E. Myers. Inc. confined within the borders of the Re- open food, drink and nesting places. is not connected with any other company public, carries much broader significance. These forces help deter a R.E. MYERS INC. DEPT. AL73V, 4940 73rd Ave., N. Pinellas Park, FL 33565, Phone No. 1-813-544-1548 North Korean attack; provide a visi- Please rush me an electronic "Verminex." I un- derstand that if I am not completely satisfied in ble, credible sign of U.S. national re- 60 days, I may return it for a full refund. I have Card No. Exp. Date solve to our friends and potential enclosed $ AC adaptor $6.00. Please charge my Visa Master Card. enemies in Asia, contribute to Print Name and For toll-free charge orders, phone peace and stability in Northeast Asia. 1-800-334-0854, Ext 857. In North Carolina Address The ties between the ROK and the I 1-800-672-0101, Ext. 857. Florida residents please add 5% for state tax. City United States are assurance against I an unfriendly power gaining control ^Signature State ^ over a location from which to project ^ ^ power throughout the region and threaten our regional allies. Legion — Are there signs that fu- NOW! Get 2 FOR ALL CRUISES: Call Toll Free 7 days a week ture North Korean leaders might Real Old be less dogmatic and more flexible 1-800-327-0699 in their dealings with the south Buffalo in Florida call than the aging Kim? 1-800-432-3662 Bahamas, Sennewald — Kim II Sung is getting Nickels Caribbean, Jamaica, Mexico, Europe, etc. older, and the question of succession is 3&4day $^7/* 7 days & $COC one that North Korea seems to be hav- ONLY cruises from £.1 \J longer from ing some trouble handling. The desig- • Special Group Rates 'f '1 NTi^ nated successor is Kim's oldest son, 25

41 —

THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

. . . Continued cursions into (and under) the DMZ. a hairbreadth of all-out hostilities? societal strata. The new generation of What is behind the forays? Are Sennewald —The closest brushes with commanders have teethed on modern they aimed at provocation, intelli- a possible resumption of full hostilities concepts and techniques far removed gence collection or sabotage? followed two well-known incidents from those taught by the "Long Sennewald —There was only one di- North Korea's raid on the ROK presi- March" school of Kim II Sung, Mao rect incident of armed infiltration from dential mansion and capture of the and other old-line Communist leaders, North Korea during the past year. USS Pueblo, both in January 1968, most of whom are now dead. Early on the morning of May 15, 1982, and the ax murders of two UNC The closed Korean society in which UNC security guards detected two officers at Panmunjom in August 1976. they were nurtured and have matured armed North Koreans attempting to In both cases, forces on both sides of excludes outside contacts. Their loy- infiltrate the ROK East Coast. In an the DMZ were brought to increased alty to ideology and to Kim's goal of exchange of gunfire, one infiltrator readiness and the United States national unification may increase the died 'and the other fled. North Korea, rushed augmentation forces to Korea. potential threat for miscalculation, or in an attempt to cover up, claimed it In 1968, the crisis abated when it be- a calculated risk that will keep the was a trainee error, but failed to ex- came obvious that the north would not threat to the south very real. plain why the infiltrators carried live use the Pueblo incident as an excuse to Legion — Gen. Sennewald, you've ammunition, long-range photographic attack — a wise decision by Mr. indicated that ROK/US units oper- equipment, food and medical supplies Kim — and the 1976 face-off was de- ate under a unified command, the in quantities sufficient for an extended fused by a grudging apology by Kim II CFC. Will you give us a specific stay — much longer than would be Sung — a statement noting it was good example of how this works? necessary for a routine training exer- the incident did not escalate and rec- Sennewald — The Combined Forces cise. ommendation the two sides discuss Command is a unique, truly combined There were several other cases means to prevent a repetition. This military headquarters, composed of where fire was exchanged across the proposal eventually led to separating equal numbers of ROK and U.S. per- Military Demarcation Line between the respective guard forces at the Joint sonnel from all services. One of its the forces; North Korean tunneling ef- Security Area (Panmunjom), just as major efforts is the maintenance of forts within the DMZ have continued they were separated everywhere else readiness through a vigorous and de- despite our efforts to locate them; and in the 151-mile-long DMZ by the Mili- manding exercise schedule. As an the north has fortified its sectors of the tary Demarcation Line. example, (Operation) TEAM SPIRIT DMZ with illegal positions and defense There have been other moments of 1983 was conducted from early Febru- systems, some of which seem designed concern: raiding parties in and ary through mid-April. It is the largest also to keep its own people from defect- through the DMZ, sea infiltrations, field training exercise in the Free ing south. violations of airspace over the UNC- World. ROK and U.S. Army units were controlled West Sea Islands and Kim II integrated into a combined three- Sung's vain attempts to drum up his division corps to square off in two- allies' enthusiasm for military adven- sided, opposing force maneuvers. U.S. The combined military turism after the U.S. pullout from augmentation from Army, Air Force, forces serving in Korea South Vietnam in 1973 and that na- Navy and Marine units from the Pa- tion's total collapse in 1975. Strong cific Command of the U.S. added represent the Free World's affirmations of the U.S. commitment realism to how we might some day largest military force. to ROK security issued at times of past have to fight to defend the ROK from political turbulence in the south were aggression. important factors in ensuring North In early December 1981, in the wake Korea's leaders did not try to take ad- of massive, secretive North Korean The apparent decline in infiltration vantage of these situations. exercises unprecedented in scppe, the does not indicate a change in North Legion — The fate of suspected UNC proposed that both sides provide Korea's objectives or willingness to ig- American POWs and MIAs in prior notification of major military nore the restrictions imposed on them Southeast Asia is an open, burning training exercises to reduce the by the truce terms. It may be attrib- question, one which continues in possibility of misunderstandings and uted in part to improved infiltration the news. Yet, we hear virtually suspicion. To demonstrate its good tactics and techniques that make de- nothing about those who vanished faith, the UNC announced the dates tection less likely, but most likely from the rice paddies and frozen for TEAM SPIRIT 1982 and sub- there has been a real reduction in mountains of Korea. Are negotia- sequently invited the North Korean infiltration attempts due to low suc- tions going on to find and free and Chinese Military Armistice cess rates and adverse publicity asso- those who may still be alive? Commission members along with the ciated with ROK detection and neu- Sennewald — The UNC has, over the Neutral Nation's Supervisory Com- tralization of infiltrators. years, persevered in its efforts to ob- mission members to observe the exer- Most DMZ infiltration missions are tain a proper accounting of 2,233 UNC cise and see firsthand that it did not to collect intelligence of a tactical military personnel and 18 foreign na- threaten the north. The offers were ig- value. Other covert agents who enter tionals, who were believed to be alive nored. The invitations were re- the ROK through third countries have and under custody of North Korea extended in 1983 and again ignored. been apprehended by ROK authorities after completion of repatriation at Legion — Please give us some re- at a substantial rate. war's end in 1953. These include 389 cent examples of North Korean in- Legion — Have we ever been within Americans, 1,647 Koreans and 197

42 .

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43 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983

Tradition (Continued from page 19)

the field's ability to change its course operated during the first two decades institutional members be accredited by offerings as the country's vocational of the century: "They were often their regional accrediting agencies. A needs have evolved. Correspondence entrepreneurs or fly-by-nighters who free copy of the NHSC's "Directory of education entrepreneurs have histori- would recognize a need for study in an Accredited Home Study Schools" can cally been even more market sensitive occupational field. They'd come in and be obtained by writing the National than their resident school counter- have one or two lessons, and maybe Home Study Council, 1601 18th St., parts. They have prided themselves on none, and the first thing they would do NW. Washington, D.C. 20009. their ability to discover the need for a is build up a sales force and advertise. At a time when enrollments in course quickly, develop it rapidly and They might operate out of a post office many resident institutions are declin- market it before it was available box or other temporary quarters and ing, private correspondence enroll- elsewhere. one or two months later, after a cam- ments are increasing by an average of A look at the curriculum changes of paign of selling and collecting all they 20 percent each year and university one famous school, the Washington, could, they would vanish, fly by night." correspondence school enrollments are D.C. -based National Radio Institute, Tougher state regulations, a crack- also growing. The heightened demand bears this out. NRI got its start in down on questionable advertising for continuing education and the ris- 1914, when James E. Smith, a high practices by the Federal Trade Com- ing numbers of non-campus based, school teacher and "wireless radio" mission and the rigorous accreditation non-traditional learners ensures that enthusiast, started a part-time corre- requirements imposed on member the field will continue to thrive. spondence school business at the re- schools by the National Home Study Moreover, the type of students educa- quest of former students. Smith taught Codncil (NHSC) have combined to tion experts expect to see in increasing his first through-the-mail course in drive most of the unscrupulous oper- numbers are those who have tradi- radio repair six years before the first ators out of the business. No one pre- tionally turned to home study. These commercial radio station, KDKA of tends, however, that the field is include mid-career working adults, Pittsburgh, crackled on the air. The entirely clean of unsavory elements. professionals in need of updating their school offered its first course in televi- Kenneth E. Young, the executive jobs, second-career bound retirees and sion repair in 1939 — the same year director of the National University active adults pursuing leisure topics. RCA exhibited the first commercial Continuing Education Association Given the computer revolution, the television with sound at the New York (NUCEA), says his organization fields form that home study will take in the World's Fair. Courses in color televi- about five-to-10 letters a week from future is an open question. Many ob- sion and solid state television repair people who want to know if advertise- servers feel that traditional printed followed shortly after parallel devel- ments they've seen represent legiti- lessons will continue to be the base, opments in communications technol- mate institutions empowered to offer with newer technologies, such as com- ogy. Two of NRl's most popular offer- degrees. Young believes some of these puter-assisted instruction, cable tele- ings last year were courses in mic- schools are degree mills. "They existed vision and home video systems, play- rocomputer and video cassette recorder in the past and they exist now. They'll ing a supporting role. Others, such as technology. probably be there in 10 or 20 years. A NRI's Thompson, feel that the home What, you may ask, ever happened more sophisticated public is the only study or "distance" method of instruc- to the original radio course? "Hardly answer," he says. tion "will become less and less reliant anybody repairs radios anymore," NHSC's Executive Director William on the printed word" and use the new NRI's John Thompson said. "Most A. Fowler advises caution on the technologies to enhance the human in- everybody just throws them away." choice of a school. "There are still teraction necessary for successful Other hpme study courses that went schools that we would caution people learning. the way of the dinosaur include the about. There are still people who go One thing is clear. Home study of- Americah School's course in candy into the field with a post office box and ferings will continue to mirror the making and the family-owned, Wash- are out of business before anyone can changing vocational needs of society. ington, D.C. -based Lewis Hotel-Motel catch up with them. There's still some As the NHSC's Lambert puts it: "The School's course in "tea room." of that; yet, by and large, the schools home study story in America is chang- Although honest educators and that advertise in national publications ing right now. We came up in the in- entrepreneurs have always been are reputable schools." dustrial revolution and offered courses linchpins of the industry, their shady All experts agree that the way to in the early part of this century in counterparts \iave done much to tar- ensure the choice of a reputable school training to become a railroad nish the field's reputation. Lured by is to insist on accreditation. Although engineer, training to be a boiler me- the prospects of a fast buck for very an estimated four-out-of-five students chanic. Then there was wartime, and little work and low start-up costs, who. study with private correspondence the big push was 'don't let the war rip-off artists specialized in selling schools do so with accredited institu- interrupt your academic skills: get worthless diplomas and promising jobs tions, only 77 of the country's 375 your high school diploma.' Then, we they couldn't deliver. The heyday of prbprietary schools have been accre- were in the '70s and saw training in these mail-order moonlighters was the dited by the NHSC, the federally ap- the soft skills: business and account- early rJart of this century, when the proved body that gives accreditation ing. Now, we're moving into the high- field was largely unregulated. to private and public schools. The tech area, training people to become Homer Kempfer, executive director NUCEA, the professional organization microcomputer repairmen or techni- of the National Home Study Council of resident university-based corre- cians. We've moved right along with from 1952 to 1958, describes how the spondence schools, is not an accredit- American business and will continue typical home study fast-buck artist ing agency, but requires that its full or to do so." ©

44 .

THE AMERICAN LEGION

Commander's Now, Wear This Cap With The Gold Braid Message & "Scrambled Eggs" of America's Military

( Continued from page 4) Officers & Astronauts

• Attractively crisp military styling. Only Features the traditional gold braid, embroidered pattern and button on tracted. Under this ceiling, there is a your choice of four bright colors: $299 limit on each country's allocation, red, white, blue, and black. done solely to protect countries whose • Functional design with generous visor will protect your eyes and skin from economies currently depend on land- glare of sun. Air vents will ensure based mining. your comfort.

Further, there are no guarantees as • Perfect for men and women. to the extent that a U.S. mining com- Adjustable tab offers perfect fit, regardless of your size! pany would be allowed to mine. The • You'll want to wear it on the golf treaty establishes an International course, beach, boat, ball field, garden, (ISA) a United Authority — . . Seabed hiking trail . everywhere! Nations type organization, with no guarantee that the United States MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE either voice in policy or a would have a on your full purchase price less veto. The ISA would be able to make postage and handling. decisions based on political rather than technical considerations and STERLING HOUSE, Sterling Building, Box CAP- 7338, Garnerville, N Y. 10923 would determine how seabed riches Yes! I've always wanted to own this cap! Please are to be divided, regardless of which Color Qty. Color Qty. rush the following: nations actually mined them. Red Blue One for only $2.99 + 80C P&H. White Black SAVE! Two for only $5.49 + $1.50 P&H. SAVE MORE! Four for only $10.49 + $3.00 P&H.

Enclosed is $ iidents add sale

Name Address It could provide the City _ State Zip opportunity for national security technology to fall into hostile hands Make$10to$20 an hour...

The ISA would even be empowered to compel advanced nations to provide most of the funding and technology; then it would have the authority to distribute the benefits to all nations and even to some national liberation groups. Thus, one of the world's last resource frontiers would not reach its full potential and would be controlled in an inefficient, socialistic, bureau- Sell Mason Quality Shoes! cratic manner by an international or- ganization in which the United States Earn up to $18.50 per pair— Instant Cash would wield little influence. 350 up-to-date styles for men and women! 500,000 pairs in stock! The ISA would also have the power Your customers' cash deposit — as much as $18.50 per pair — is your commis- to compel the sharing of advanced sion when you take orders for Mason Shoes. It's easy . . . the full-color catalog technologies, even if defense related. shows more than 350 styles for men and women, in dress, casual, work and This provision is firmly opposed by safety toe shoes sizes 4-16, widths AA-EEEE. Show the catalog, write the both American firms supplying deep — seabed mining equipment and by min- order and collect the cash deposit — your commission. You never invest a cent! ing companies. They believe, and the Send for your Free Kit today — start earning instant cash, plus exciting prizes and Legion agrees, that mandatory tech- bonuses, too. nology transfer could compromise MASON SHOE MFG. CO. Chippewa Falls, WI 54774 trade secrets as well as provide the op- portunity for national security tech- MASON SHOE MFG. CO. Chippewa Falls, WI 54774 For fastest service DEPT. F-252 nology to fall into hostile hands. This call TOLL FREE Rush Free Catalog and Other Sales Tools to: is quite possible since some of the NAME 1-800-826-7030, Ext. 85 equipment used in deep seabed mining WI residents call is akin to that used to detect and track ADDRESS 1-800-472-7003, Ext. 85 . CITY No cost or obligation! As distasteful as these provisions STATE ZIP.

Continued . . .

45 TIC AMERICAN LEGION The American Legion SHOPPER

ERSY-LlFT.

ushion lifting chairs allow

• sitting or rising without help

• freedom ol mobility . . . Continued I • Medicare qualification are, there is yet another aspect that | »• choice of models galls any red-blooded American, and it deals with the imposition of a political, economic and ideological philosophy in direct opposition to the traditional STAND UP or SIT DOWN SWISS ARMY TYPE KNIFE—All purpose American values embodied in freedom wonder knife. Red handle. Sturdy survival knife WITHOUT HELP! with 12 Stainless Steel Blades. Perfect for fish- of choice, free enterprise and private ing, camping, scouting, work and play. Guaran- Our FREE Fact Kit explains how, at the touch of a finger, property. The Law of the Sea treaty teed. $4.50 each plus 50e for postage and an EASY-LIFT® cushion lifting chair gently raises you or hides behind the mask of superficial handling* Send to Westbury Sales, E-7-AL, a loved one to standing— and assists in sitting down. Box 434, 373 Maple Ave.. Westbury. NY 11 590 slogans such as the "New Interna- They are available in swivel rocker, traditional lounge tional Order" and "Common Heritage chair and SpaceSaver™ recliner models. And you may of Mankind" in order to impose on the choose from several beautiful fabrics and colors. advanced nations of the world a thinly Learn more by sending us the coupon below for a disguised collectivism: "from each ac- FREE Fact Kit. For quicker response, call toll-free NOW at cording his to 1-800-821-2041. In Missouri. J**+±. to ability; each accord- f meUUt^ call collect: 816-763-3100. JJiTImJ fox ing to his need." This treaty is simply OiutaMtCHtal @a«cicte an elaborate tool designed to redis- AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE CORP. Item*... tribute part of the world's wealth via a Dept. ALE-0783, 4001 E. 138th St P.O. Box B, Grandview, MO 64030 "Big Brother" type of conglomerate, Book about Aluminum Please send me your FREE Fact Kit about EASY-LIFT and the United States and its allies Molds with prices and cushion lifting chairs. I understand there is no obli- production trade secrets will be the losers in the exchange. gation. direct from world's larg- Our Resolution calls for Congress to Name est mold manufacturer. take effective steps to ensure that the Address Apt No United States can enjoy all the rights, I CONCRETE MACHINERY COMPANY, INC. City benefits and responsibilities stemming J P. 0. BOX T99 - HICKORY, N. C. 28603 from all provisions of the proposed •L____State Zip- treaty except for those on deep seabed Gl JO: Jo Stafford sings those Songs of World War mining. And we urged Congress to for II. A gift of memories devise unilateral and multilateral SHARE THE all the armed services A collector's item and ideal agreements so that the United States COST OF LIVING gift for that special vet- friend Thealbum in- could fully participate in deep seabed Give to the American Cancer Society, eran cludes such hits as: "I'll mining under conditions that ensure " This space contributed as a public service Be Seeing You "I'll Walk the status quo of our national security Alone" "You'll Never "I'll Remember and the perpetuation of free enter- Know." April," "No Love No prise. Nothing," and more You pay only $7 95 per album The current administration is now California residents advocating such a solution to the min- please add 6% sales tax Send your order to: ing dilemma and it should have the Corinthian Records— L. support of all security conscious Amer- Post Office Box 6296, icans. The government has been seek- Beverly Hills, California 90212 ing agreement among the industri- alized nations capable of deep seabed mining to establish their own rules for NEW MILITARY BUCKLES mining operations, regardless of what DISTINCTIVELY CRAFTED IN PEWTER T-SHIRTS An Exclusive Quality Gift. Use as Service Awards for mem- the Third World does. In a related bership, committees, and officers. Approximately 3'/4" by 21/4". from everywhere! 3 move, the president proclaimed re- Fits belts to l /4". $13.00 each plus $2.00 P&H. Check, money order, MC VISA (card no., exp. date & signature to W&T cently a U.S. exclusive economic zone SalesCo., 11211 Whisper Falls, San Antonio, TX 78230. (512) extending 200 nautical miles over 492-9572. Money Back Guarantee which the U.S. will exercise sovereign rights over all resources — living and "GREENHOUSE" T-SHIRTS 90 non-living — in the zone. GROWING INDOORS fall different plus 2.00 10 postage As the scenario surrounding the • FREE COLOR 3ROCHURE • Controlled atmosphere ! • HYDRC5PONIC" • Grow table vegetables < Enjoy SAVE 70%l Production overrun printed T-shirts from Law of the Sea Treaty continues to un- 1 growing indo 3fs year round schools, teams, resorts, events, promotions &

PATENT PENDING ! fold, I am confident that the logic of advertisers nationwide! All brand new, top quality, American-made T-shirts in assorted colors. Package the Legion's position on this vital mat- ' contains 5 different shirts Start your collection today! 1 t* ^ ter will prevail and the values that 30 day money-back guarantee. , - 1 5 Send check, money order, or Mastercard/VisaIsa helped our nation will as- | make great (card no, date signature) information exp & | sist in the development of the world's SPECIFY SIZE(S): S M L XL last great frontier. But don't take it for I Name I granted. Let your Congressman know Address I you understand the implications of fjHSr til* I it*. City State Zip I ' •vtf:;f:jppS*88a»»w"" 9 1 9 Michigan St this ill-advised treaty and you support 0 r SPORTSWEAR CLEARINGHOUSE i CALL: (616)684-0359 Niles. Ml 49120 Box 173-L9, Winchester, MA 01890 1 our government's refusal to sign. © L

46 .

American Legion The Do your Now Save 20% SHOPPER heels ache? on a famous TR0Y-HLT

Tiller!

Why suffer another day with sore heels (and even heel spur aches) when Cushi-Heel Pil- low gives you quick relief while you walk or run? Developed by an athlete, who suffered NEW "SWIVEL ROCKER" CUSHION LIFTING just as you do, and who couldn't find anything ; which helped. His U S. patented (No. 3,984,926) CHAIR will gently rock the user and swivel up to 270 , while providing an extra support "arm assist" cushion- pads are exactly the right shape, density and Just and-arms power lifting mechanism. It operates by simply compression to cushion the weight your heels plugging into a standard 120-volt household outlet and must bear Mailmen, housewives, waitresses, ONE HAND! arm mounted switch. Other notable features touching the sales people, nurses, bartenders, school are its compact size, its comfort contoured styling, and its teachers, people who must be on their feet all availability in a choice of five velour fabrics; navy, "Off-Season" Savings now in effect! For further information, swear by them Joggers, tennis, golf, basketball mushroom, gold, rust or sable. Right now is the best time ever to learn write to: American Stair-Glide Corp., Dept. EALE-0783, and racquetball players find they can now play about the amazing TROY-BILT Roto P.O. Box B, 4001 East 138th St., Grandview, MO 64030. in comfort, even with heel spur problems If not Tiller-Power Composter...the "break- satisfied, return within 1 0 days for full refund _ Calderon Products Inc., Dept. 88 m through" machine that's allowing anyone P.O. Box 5387, Akron, Ohio 44313 —of any age— with any soil— to easily Take stock (216) 864-8100 have a fabulously fertile, productive D Please send one pair of Cushi-Heel Pillows for garden! For free complete details, prices, only S6.25 postage and handling included write today to: CI Save! Two pairs of in America. \s Cushi-Heel Pillows for only S10.75 postage and handling included TROY-BILT 102nd St. & 9th Ave., Troy, NY 12180. Prompt delivery' ©1983 Garden Way, Inc. Enclosed EZ] check D money order CI cash NOW! HERNIA RELIEF VISA MasterCard (accepted) TROY-BILT" Roto Tiller-Power Composters (Ohio residents add sales tax ) Dept. A1832 Check Men s shoe size Women's shoe size A SUPPORT© /TRUSS* 102nd St. 9th Ave., Troy, N.Y. 12180 & sized 6 7 0 8-9 4-5 6-7 8-9 Elisto 10-11 12-13 Please send the whole wonderful story of TROY-BILT Band Roto Tillers including prices and OFF-SEASON-SAVINGS now in effect for a limited time.

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City All-ln-0ne gorment is a pair of shorts, an abdominal Zip and scrotal support, as well as an unsurpassed truss State Zip for reducible inguinal hernia. "Elasto-Band" wraps around body at point of hernia for secure and comfort- able protection. Washable. Buy two for $24.95 plus $2.50 postage. Send hip measure and check to: UPSTAIRS. . Piper Brace Co., 811 Wyandotte, P.O. Box 807, LEGIONNAIRES Dept. AL73ST, Kansas City, Mo. 64141. SURVIVAL DOWNSTAIRS. BOOT MAGNIFYING GLASSES KNIFE ONLY

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47 THE AMERICAN LEGION July 1983 Parting Shots

Status Difference The pessimist carries his credit cards. The optimist has his credit cards carry him. The realist is flat broke. Gil Stern

Dad Stoppers When my boss springs tough questions, I don't squirm, sweat or fold, But I shrink from those posed By my seven-year-old Bert Murray

The doctor examined the patient thor- oughly and asked, "Have you been living a normal life?" "Yes, Doctor," the patient replied. "Well, you'll have to cut it out for a while." Daniel E. Fowler

Double Standard

Rebuking her little girl for having been cross and ill-tempered, the mother received the following reply: "All I've got to say, Mommy, is that it's temper when it's me and migraine when it's you." James R. Nicholson

Two necessities for political campaigns: Hot issues and cold cash. Ross Abernathy

. coffee too hot?' THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

Micro-Identity Bye Bye Birdie The new bank officer was welcoming a "I've got good news and bad news," lady who had just opened an account. "Be the caddy told the novice golfer. "The assured, Madam, to us you are never good news is that you got a birdie on merely a number. You are two digits, a the sixth hole." dash, a letter of the alphabet and three "And the bad?" asked the golfer. more digits." "You're playing the fifth." Norman Plummer A. H. Berzen

Tunnel Non-Vision The Quarry Two boys were riding a train for the The members of the hunting party had first time. They took out their lunches been asked to bring only male hounds. One just as the train entered a pitch-black near-indigent member, however, was down tunnel. "Have you eaten your banana to his last hound, a female, and out of cour- yet?" asked the first boy. tesy was permitted to include her. The pack "No," replied the second, "Why?" was off in a flash, and in seconds was com- "Don't touch it," the first exclaimed, pletely out of sight. The confused hunters "I took a bite and went blind!" stopped to question a farmer in a nearby Katherine R. Jones field. "Did you see some hounds go by here?" Down And Out "Yes," he said, "and it was the first time I ever seen a fox runnin' fifth!" The aviation instructor, having delivered Robert Rich a lecture on parachuting, concluded: "And if it doesn't open, and then your reserve 'chute doesn't open either — well, gentle- When a small boy was told we are here men, that's what is known as 'jumping to a on this earth to help others, he asked, "Hey, is this where you pay your bill?" " conclusion.' "What are the others here for?" Susan L. McKay Mark L. Evans THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 .

0*7" ^^^1 ^ _ V I A Tlh/iF Due to the soaring cost of V W M^T^m L*r\\J I I IIVK^ GENUINE LEATHER, we W^0^9^^^9 AiT THIS PRICE! much longer Order now' The World s Most Comfortable Sho«l ppr \K ^ "€SP '.

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