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DAZE OF DARKNESS

Listening to veterans migtit shed some liglit on Syndrome. n

TEHItAN'S CHIEF EXPDRT By Peter Schweizer

Tiiat rogue nation at the oil-flow choke point bulks up. n

SLODCHING TOWARD THE NEXT WAR interview

Matching military muscle to national interest: Caspar Weinberger calls an alert. 30

A SQDARE DEAL FOR VETS By Harry Walters

An ex-VA chief finds the Gl Bill of Health a national imperative. 32

SECRET CASUALTIES OF THE GULF WAR By Joe Stuteville

One such casualty was the career of a CIA analyst who spoke up for the troops. 34

NO. 1 FOR TAKEOFF ByKenCauthem » Effort and expertise keep presidents flying safely. !DtPARTMtMT5

BIG ISSUES Should The take unilateral initiatives to reduce its nuclear arsenal? 1!

VETVOICE 1 ON DUTY 11 LEGION NEWS n

COMMANDER'S MESSAGE ID YOUR AMERICAN LEGION 20 VETS

WASHINGTON WATCH IE VETERANS UPDATE i PARTING SHOTS 64

COVER Trouble brewing east of Suez. Illustration by Jeff Mangiat/IVIendola.

The American Legion Magazine, a leader among notional general-interest publications, is publishied monttily by Ttie American Legion for its 2.8 million members. Ttiese wartime veterans, working through nearly 1 5,000 community-level Posts, dedicate themselves to God and country and traditional Ameri- can values; strong notional security; adequate and compassionate care for veterans, their widows and orphans; community service; and the wholesome development of our nation's youths.

• • MARCH 1997 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE J LIMITED EDITION SDTH ANNIVERSARY DF THE

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• • 1} THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE MARCH 1997 ' y —

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1997 The Washington Mint, LLC I C703 I so they could be carried in uniform responsibilities to others. George did pockets. Many veterans enjoyed them so, however, on a grand scale, ulti- during the war as morale boosters. mately providing a clinic in mental Norman G. Lincoln health, deferring his personal gratifica- Eaton. Ohio tion and taking on the personal, family and community responsibilities of the YOUR article on It's A Wonderful savings and loan. Life brings back memories of my As for his relationship with his World War II days when I was sta- father, the only evidence is an early tioned at the Oceanside, Calif., Navy scene where George openly expresses Amphibious Base. On one of my visits his affection and admiration, and the

to the Hollywood canteen, I had the maid properly says something to the pleasure of meeting and dancing with effect: "It's about time one of you lugs Donna Reed, a lovely actress just like said that."

the girl next door she was. I also met Lastly, the comments on Uncle

Sheldon Leonard there. He was serving Billy's alcoholism refer to it impinging Coca-Cola to the GIs. on other people and being covered up. This memorable movie is part of While these concepts are current Christmas. What the angel Clarence favorites among some in the psychoan- said is true: No man is a failure who alytic community, the observations just stem to Stern has friends. aren't supported by the events in the HAVING read with interest the Steve P. Conkovich film. Uncle Billy's only significant act beautiful article on It's A Wonder- Granite City, III. that negatively impinged on others was ful Life (December 1996), I regret misplacing the money to be deposited to point out a flaw. The fiction writer in Mr. Potter's bank. There was no evi- and great literary critic mentioned as Shrinking Anaiysts dence of intoxication, just distraction the author of the piece from which the VICTOR Parachin's article on It's A from the celebration of the award of movie was made was Philip Van Wonderful Life, was both inter- Please turn page

Doren Stern, not Stem. Looking at the esting and informative. I have printed word, I can see that the 'rn' enjoyed this film for many years and might look like an 'm'. never tire of it as a Christmas treat. Jimmy Stewart and Donna Reed Stem wrote the story as a gift to family

friends, so not just view it as mmm never appeared together again. She was and why AMLRIC AN LEGION MAGA- supposed to be Stewart's co-star in The his gift to all of us rather than psycho- THE Monty Stratton Story, but midway analyze George Bailey and Uncle ZINE invites you, Legionnaires, Auxiliary members, members of through rehearsals she got a pink slip. Billy? This film will continue to be a and your families to write for Someone told her that Stewart was favorite long after the opinions of ana- SAL September's special issue, "Good having a career crisis and needed a big- lysts like Harvey Greenberg and Lillie News, America." Your assign- ger star, leaving Reed wondering Friedland are forgotten. ment: Tell us about a positive part "What about my career?" June Allyson Eugene J. Russen of the American mosaic that has took over the Reed role. I hope this Maplewood, N.J. doesn't dampen people's opinion of been overlooked or under-appreci- ated. Stewart. It might have been an agent A life-long Jimmy Stewart fan, I will publish as many of the who dumped Donna. ASwas delighted with the cover story We best letters as possible and pay the JeffE. Stewart in the December issue celebrating authors of those selected $50. Let- , Wash. the 50th anniversary of If s A Wonder- ters should be no longer than 200 ful Life. As a former clinical psycholo- words, and, of course, will be Van Doren Stern, not gist, I wish to address the comments by PHILIP subject to editing. Stem. ..was a historian, critic and members of the psychoanalytic com- deadline is 30. editor who also wrote The Man munity, drawn from the American Your May Because of the heavy volume of Who Killed Lincoln, An End To Valor Journal Of Psychoanalysis and in- mail expected, we cannot plan to and Prehistoric among others. cluded at the end of the story. acknowledge or answer responses A Guggenheim Fellow, he received an The first refers to George Bailey as to this assignment. Please send honorary doctor of letters degree from a "supremely divided neurotic plagued your letters to: Rutgers and died in 1984. by incompatible longings," and goes Not as well known is the fact that he on to a Freudian discussion of his rela- Good News, America was a member of the Planning Board tionship with his father and a "con- THE American Legion IVIagazine for Armed Services Editions (1941- flicted identification with the father" P.O. Box 1055 1943) and general manager of Editions (whatever that is). George faced the Indianapolis, IN 46206 for the Armed Forces (1943-1945). conflict we all face on a daily basis These books were selected and printed between our personal desires and our

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and see American hands in the air in WHAT'S THE PROBLEM? The last Hit stunning numbers. We'll wonder what WOULD like to submit a correction hit us. We'd like your thoughts on the I to a statement in Tin Can Odyssey John R. Dawson biggest membership challenge fac- (December 1996). The last ship hit Farmer City, III. ing The American Legion, and, of by a in World War II was my course, let us in on your best ideas ship, USS Lagrange, APA 124. On Ironsides about a solution. We'll publish the Aug. 13, 1945, we were attacked by ENJOYED the Mending The Consti- views that seem most intriguing two . One hit a kingpost and I tution article in the October issue. As and pay the writers $50. Post us a splashed. The second hit portside on a youngster, I was very fortunate to memo or send it to [email protected] the main deck; eight officers and 13 have ridden on the Constitution. My via e-mail. men were killed, and 15 officers and 74 uncle was " of the Port" when men were wounded. This was about a the Constitution visited our the Medal of Honor to his nephew, third of the crew. I enjoy your maga- city. He took me with him on the pilot George's brother, Frank. While Uncle zine and wanted to keep the facts boat when he went to board for her Billy made a mistake and might have straight. entrance into port. I will always been a bungler, we all make mis- Lindley V. Carpenter remember it. takes—it's tough to be human. Sewell. N.J. David K.Kitchell If there's a human foible to be ana- Mountain City, Tenn. lyzed out of this part of the film, it's and tlie Mr. Potter's criminal stealing of the Arms Men Should Be History money known to belong to the Baileys. DON'T think too much of Dave It's the analysts bent on contriving I Saltzburg"s cheap shots at Sen. Bob Two items in November's Washing- artificial, unsupported diagnoses that I Dole (Letters, December 1996). It is ton Watch demonstrate the useless- feel soiTy for. beyond me how a man can cut a fellow ness and hypocrisy of the United They've missed the true joy of veteran down, especially when Dole Nations and why it is so imperative we delighting in this inspirational, heart- put his life at risk for the safety of his give this band of cutthroats (and our warming story. buddies. The 88th Infantry Division of sympathetic elected officials who Byard Q. Clemmoiis which 1 was a part was on the left of would have us continue our affiliation) Papillon, Nev. the 10th Mountain Division in which the boot.

Dole served in . I have no idea "Pickett's Charge" related retired where Saltzburg was in the service, but Col. Edward Pickett's vain attempt to Hero's Namesake the 88th and the 10th were fighting a seek help from the U.N. in obtaining

AN old Navy man, I enjoyed ruthless enemy, not on a picnic. justice for his murdered son. Pickett Asreading Tin Can Odyssey in the Where, one might ask of the record, was told there was nothing to be done

December issue. The story of the was Clinton when it came time during since El Salvador is a sovereign nation. USS is a proud reminder the War for him to serve his Yet in the "Global Yellowstone" of the contributions of tin can sailors in country? Dole didn't run and let some- case, Congressman Don Young

the Pacific during World War II. one else do it for him. How could any has found it necessary to submit the

1 was surprised that the article did veteran cast a vote for a draft dodger? "American Land Sovereignty Act" bill not briefly mention that the Lawrence V. Speth in an effort to quell the U.N.'s brazen was named after Capt. Cassin Young Hillslwro, Mo. acts of setting policy in America's who won the Medal of Honor for his National Parks. heroic actions during the attack on Dennis Pauly . Still Tough Norfolk, Va. His ship, the USS Vestal, was tied BRUCE Gudmundsson's Hanging outboard of the USS Arizona when it Tough in a Hostile World (October Like Ike blew up, and Young was blown off the 1996) was excellent and leaves lit- bridge into the water. He swam back, tle to add. One such item is our prag- BEGINNING late in 1995 and boarded and fought the fires and the matic stance on POW/MIAs, Agent extending through much of 1996, I attacking Japanese. Orange and Gulf War syndrome. Our was in the Augusta, Ga.. VA Hos- The Vestal was badly damaged and own Department of Defense has long pital for treatment of a very serious ail-

had to be beached to save it from sink- stifled any objective examination of ment. The ultimate treatment for my

ing. Captain Young was killed on the these morale drainers. problem was surgery, something I very bridge of the USS San Fran- With technical superiority, small- much wanted to avoid. cisco during the Nov. 13, 1942, night bore opposition and an ever continuing Eventually the surgery was per-

action off , which pitted stream of brave and able recruits, formed, and I can now say my recov- American against Japanese we've gotten through. But if we don't ery is nearly complete. . reverse this stance on POW/MIAs and Many criticize the services provid- C.J. Blondin chemical exposures, we could come up ed by VA. Lottshurg, Va. against a determined and well-led foe Please turn to page 52

g • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 -

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IX YEARS ago this month, Sad- lite nation could throw the Russian power dam Hussein poked his nose out structure into chaos. And troubling questions

of his Baghdad hiding place, remain about how many keys fit the locks of flipped on CNN and saw that his the vast nuclear arsenal that used to be con- much-touted Republican Guard trolled from Red Square. had fallen on its face in its Accordingly, The American Legion sup- attempt to prevent U.S. -led ports a cautious approach to further military forces from restoring Kuwaiti downsizing, which "progressed" in 1996 sovereignty. He had promised even though many experts already doubt the the "mother of all battles." country's ability to fight successfully in two Instead, his soldiers became major theaters at once. Spending for new orphans of defeat. military hardware barely keeps pace with Even so, after the shooting stopped—and inflation (See Caspar Weinberger intei-view, Natl Cmdr. despite our troops' swift juggernaut around, page 30). over and through Iraqi defenses—there was The real and ironic danger of a softening Joseph J. Frank considerable grumbling here at home about military stance is that it hampers our ability the fact that Hussein remained at the helm. to bring global crises to a peaceful resolu- The consensus was: We will hear from this tion. Observes Elliott Abrams, a leading guy again. And indeed, in the intervening expert on foreign affairs, "You want to make years, Iraq seldom has been quiet for long. every effort to achieve peace by diplomatic Hussein never seems to do anything of con- measures—but you also want to have the big sequence, but he creates just enough mis- stick to back up the words." chief to keep at least one Pentagon eye Even during the chilliest moments of the trained on Iraq and one finger close enough , Soviet strategists who toyed with to the trigger to react in a timely fashion. the notion of a first strike were given pause Which brings me to the subject of this by the prospect of a massive, doomsday column: preparedness. Today's notion of retaliation. While no one wants a return to preparedness means having sufficient force Cold War anxieties, the Legion shares in place to deter those who would violate Abrams' belief that effective diplomacy peace and stability as well as sufficient force depends on bargaining from strength. And

to get the job done when push eventually keep in mind, that still might not be enough does come to shove. when you're dealing with terrorist regimes If little else, Saddam Hussein's continued who see death as an acceptable cost of presence in Baghdad six years after Desert making a point. Like the kamikazes of

Storm proves that the threat to world peace World War II, these zealots, in Iran, Iraq and is ongoing. While we might be tempted to elsewhere, embrace martyrdom as the high- shrug off Saddam's armies, we can't be so est tribute to their government or their gods. cavalier about the dark reports of his contin- This means we must be ever vigilant and uing efforts to make Iraq a nuclear player. emplace a credible defense against those Does anyone doubt that if he were to get his who would wage war at any cost. hands on The Bomb, he would gleefully hold In the months to come, THE AMERICAN

it over our heads at every opportunity? LEGION MAGAZINE will explore many The nagging issue of what to do about aspects of American readiness: civil-defense Saddam Hussein is just one reason the plans, anti-missile systems, attempts to keep Legion urges American leaders not to be state-sponsored terrorism in check. All of us mm. lulled into a false sense of national security would like to live our lives in the sanest by the upbeat tone of recent global develop- environment possible; trouble is, we must ments. As we show in this month's cover depend on others to cooperate.

story, a combination of revolutionary fanati- Like it or not, evil exists in today's world: cism and enhanced military capability makes in Baghdad, in Tripoli, in Tehran and else- neighboring Tehran a threat rivaling, if not where. As a culture, we have always been exceeding, Hussein's Baghdad. Nor is the willing to meet evil's challenge, and we former the stable, gentle giant must be no less prepared today. Only then

we wish it to become. A Yeltsin heart attack can we give our children and grandchildren or another military uprising in a former satel- the best odds of inhabiting a free world. m • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 Now with Eight Genuine Birthstones! EXCLUSIVE UNITED STATES MILITARY EM3 ijVJS OF' GiOLD Commemorative Birthstone Rings Personalized with your Birthstones^ initials and year dates of Service

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Rep. Floyd Spence (R-South Carolina)

Currently, the only sig- While unilateral nuclear nificant military threat to disarmament is certainly a

U.S. territory is 's laudable objective, it had Y[S strategic nuclear arsenal. no role in the United Further reducing this threat should be States 's victory in the Cold War, and our highest national security priority. there is no reason to believe such a Arms control negotiations under policy will preserve post-Cold War eight U.S. presidents first slowed the peace. Worldwide nuclear disarma-

growth of and then reduced this ment is as much a fantasy today as it

threat. The ABM Treaty created circumstances that slowed was in the 1940s when the Soviet Union first proposed it.

the . START I cut arsenals roughly in half, and Some do question whether we now need a nuclear START II will cut them by half again. deterrent. The answer came in March 1996 when Because of the qualitative edge of the U.S. arsenal, we threatened a nuclear attack on Los Angeles if the United should undertake unilateral initiatives to draw the Russians States intervened in the crisis between China and . toward further reductions, and we can do so without In December 1996, Russian Defense Minister Rodionov adverse effect on U.S. security. Such steps might aid in suggested heavier reliance on nuclear weapons and pre- securing Russian ratification of START II and could accel- dicted that the risk of conflict would increase if NATO erate Russian reductions below START II levels. expanded eastward. For example, the United States could reduce active These and other developments remind us that nations

weapons below START I levels by several hundred before acquire nuclear arms to promote their own interests, not

Russian ratification of START II. We could further reduce in response to the U.S. nuclear arsenal. These nations the alert or patrol status of some portion of our ICBM, will not surrender their nuclear capability if the U.S. dis- and forces without jeopardizing nation- arms. In fact, should the U.S. give up nuclear weapons, al security. Such actions might assuage the concerns of their incentive would be to more aggressively develop wary Russian legislators about U.S. and allied intentions, nuclear arsenals in order to nullify superior U.S. conven- which in turn could undermine the view of some in Russia tional forces. that they must be prepared to respond to security concerns The U.S. nuclear arsenal is also an important compo- with nuclear weapons. nent of our ability to project military power and provides In addition, our negotiating strategy should consider a shield to deploying U.S. forces that might otherwise be flexible and asymmetric approaches to achieving further vulnerable to Third World chemical, biological or weapons reductions. We need not mechanically adhere to nuclear attack. the bilateralism that has characterized arms negotiations. Unfortunately, recent neglect has already begun re- Furthermore, we should be willing to abandon the current ducing the reliability of our nuclear stockpile. A report I U.S. policy that we will not negotiate START III before issued on stockpile stewardship highlights the troubling START II ratification, and, instead, should be willing to erosion of our nuclear deterrent over the past several "leap frog" START II to achieve START III. years. The elimination of nuclear weapons will only Due to the dire financial circumstance that grips Russia become practical when a stable peace is a permanent fea- this last point could be essential to keeping the nuclear ture of our world. Until peace comes to characterize the arms reduction process on nation-state system in track. which the United States Never in the nuclear Your Opinions Count, Too. must live, unilateral disar- age has a better opportuni- Senators and representatives are interested in con- mament will only en- ty existed to achieve this stituent viewpoints. You may express your views by courage other states to writing The Honorable (name), U.S. Senate, Wash- develop nuclear weapons. ington, DC 20510, or The Honorable (name). House Unilateral initiatives to For the world's sole of Representatives, Washington, DC 20515. You may help achieve it are in the remaining superpower, call the U.S. Senate at (202) 224-3121; the House at highest interest of our (202) 225-3121. unilateral nuclear disarma- nation's security. ment is not an option.

12 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 March 1997. The Franklin Mint P'ease mail by 31,

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Mexico now encourages political oppo- armed forces. Rasor, based at Fort sition to the U.S. -supported regime Bragg, N.C., was discharged because of

there. Mexico is in serious trouble his opposition to it. despite having signed the NAFTA trade pact and having received a multi- billion dollar financial bailout from the Improving The Odds U.S. when its currency collapsed. THERE are big doubts that a new fed- There are now two armed opposi- eral commission can stem the spread tion groups in Mexico, and several of legalized gambling across Ameri- Marxist-oriented Catholic bishops com- ca. Some insiders think the National mitted to "liberation theology" are Gambling Impact and Policy Commis- expanding their activities. sion, which began work in January, lost No Latin American experts are fore- any chance at credibility with the addi- casting a full-blown revolution, but tion of two prominent gambling oppo- unrest in Mexico might cause more nents. Dr. James Dobson of Focus on immigration problems. the Family and Kay James, dean of the Robertson School of Government at Regent University. Their involvement Be Kind To Killers will enable the gambling industry to REMEMBER Pedro Antonio discredit the commission, if it issues a Andrade, the former Salvadoran critical report, by saying the cards were guerrilla living in the United States stacked against gaming. A Dead Issue? and allegedly linked to the 1985 mur- Moreover, the gambling industry THE White House is in shock over the der of four Marines in El Salvador (See has contributed to both political parties, House Committee on Government Washington Watch, February 1996)? It $4.4 million in 1996 alone. Bernie Reform and Oversight hiring David turns out, according to an investigative Horn, political director of the National Bossie as an investigator. Bossie, who report by Tim Golden in the New York Coalition Against Legalized Gambling, worked on the Senate Whitewater com- Times, that the CIA paid for his reset- says the Las Vegas-based gambling mittee, helped write a book on Clinton, tlement here and that U.S. diplomats industry gives to Republicans, while Slick Willie. But some don't think com- arranged his return in exchange for the Indian tribal casinos give to mittee chairman Dan Burton is going information on his terrorist associates. Democrats. far enough fast enough, and they want Sen. Richard Shelby, the Alabama him to hold hearings into the 1993 Republican who began investigating death of White House counsel Vincent the case more than a year ago, calls To Die For Foster. Andrade an "illegal alien and murder- »S the immigration battle re-emerges Burton has questioned the official er" who should be deported. But on Capitol Hill, expect a potent new theory that Foster killed himself in Vir- Andrade fears getting murdered if argument—America's national ginia's Fort Marcy Park where Foster's returned to El Salvador. defense depends on immigrants. body was found. The independent More than 60,000 immigrants today counsel, Kenneth Starr, had re-opened serve on active duty in the U.S. armed the case after journalist Chris Ruddy It Takes An Army forces, says a new study from Empow- raised questions suggesting Foster died HILLARY Clinton says it takes a vil- er America, and more than 20 percent elsewhere. lage to raise a child; Army Chief of of Medal of Honor recipients have been

But analyst Laura Ingraham wrote a Staff General Dennis J. Reimer says immigrants. Hungarian-born Laszlo

New York Times column warning Bur- it takes an army to protect the village. Rabel, for one, was an Army staff ton, an Indiana Republican, against In fact, in a statement that raised sergeant in Vietnam. His citation reads, such an investigation, calling his ques- eyebrows, he was quoted in Army "Through his indomitable courage and tions about Foster's death "outlandish." Times as saying, "The Army is the complete disregard for his own safety, Ingraham, though conservative, former- rapid reaction force for the global vil- he threw himself on a grenade to save ly worked with Bob Bennett, the presi- lage." Reimer's comments came in his comrades." dent's lawyer in the sexual harassment regard to the controversial Army In addition to filling the ranks, suit brought by Paula Jones. Vision 2010 document, calling for immigrants developed or made crucial more involvement in "nation-building" contributions to such weapons as the exercises, such as the deployments in submarine, the helicopter and the atom- Pass The Admonition Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia. ic and hydrogen bombs, the study THE good news is that Pope John One soldier who wasn't surprised notes. And Rockwell International, Paul II might visit in October by Reimer's rhetoric was Sgt. 1st Class United Technologies and other firms and rally the people against dictator Edward B. Rasor, who, honorable dis- argue they depend on foreign-bom sci- Castro. The bad news for U.S. foreign charge in hand, is traveling the country entists and engineers to help build arms policy is that the Catholic Church in warning about this direction for the for the 2 1 st century.

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example, enable a handful of where it used to broadcast just one. This spring, — planes to do with 100 bombs troops worldwide should begin receiving cable what used to require carpet TV or wireless cable from the American Forces bombing by large formations. Fewer Network carrying an entertainment channel, a planes mean fewer pilots, but far news and sports channel and a channel that car- greater savings come from a much ries programming from a variety of U.S. cable smaller logistics tail. networks and the Public Broadcasting System. The services also can shrink their supply sys- The new transmissions also will carry radio. tems by adopting "just-in-time" inventory prac- Some audiences in , Cuba, Puerto Rico tices that require manufacturers to deliver sup- and the Pacific already have access to the com- plies only at the time they are needed and to the pressed broadcasts. Personnel in the Atlantic place where they will be used. region and Europe are next in line. And like smart bombs for aircraft, digital elec- tronics in tanks—and other Army and Marine battlefield vehicles—will increase combat effec- tiveness and decrease the number of people M 1 1 Ic^i^ €w It: needed. The biggest reductions from these improve- FTER years of being swamped with ments are likely to be among support personnel, aspiring fighter pilots—and even both uniformed and civilian. paying some of them to leave the If the service chiefs get their way, money service early—the Air Force now faces a pilot saved by trimming personnel will be funneled into shortage. That's good news for pilots who fly modernization, where the amount needed for cargo planes and tankers but always wanted to fly new weapons exceeds the amount budgeted by fighters. The Air Force plans to let 50 of them a $15 billion. year for the next three years transfer to fighter squadrons. The shortage also provides a second shot at flying for about 700 officers barred from pilot training earlier in the 1990s because of the sur- ITH fewer troops and smaller plus, say Air Force personnel managers. budgets, the military expects Today's shortage results from the defense

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sevelt Jr., presiding officer at the Caucus and son of the leg- endary 26th U.S. president, three men were appointed to draft a statement that would breathe life into the fledgling organization—the Preamble to The American Legion Consti- tution. The trio included Hamilton Fish of New York, John C. Greenway of Arizona and George N. Davis of Delaware, all former officers of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe. Upon re- ceiving their marching orders, the three secluded themselves for a long evening to discuss the substance and form of the preamble. They reached N THE dead of winter in 1919, a score agreement on principles of American servicemen gathered and separated to write around the dining room table at the their own versions. Inter-Allied Officers Club in Paris, The next morning the three reconvened and talking of how their age of innocence compared their drafts, all of which were remark- had been cast into war-ravaged ably close in capturing the spirit and intent of the Europe. They talked about the loved organization they were helping to create. Little ones they left behind to go over there. about the details of their discussions survive And they talked of the future. perhaps there was some debate about details of The large thoughts from their dis- phrase and wording—but they presented their cussions led to the historic first gather- work to the Committee on the Constitution and ing of American Legion founders at the Cirque St. Louis Caucus delegates. Both bodies iwi as de Paris, March 15-17. They took up an awe- resoundingly endorsed the triumvirate's work. some task, pondering the future and how they The Preamble became the Legion's statement of could maintain the comradeship forged in war purpose at the first National Convention in Min- how they could further serve their nation after neapolis in November 1919. they traded their uniforms for civilian clothes. What Fish, Greenway and Davis produced Interest grew, and thousands of former contains only 117 words, but the Preamble doughboys rallied stateside in St. Louis, May 8- embodies values that have guided The American 10, with slick-sleeved privates and star-shoul- Legion for 78 years. Simple and direct, the para- dered generals undertaking as equals the graph will always stand as a powerful evocation founding of a veterans' organization. They dis- of American patriotism: cussed the rehabilitation of their wounded com- For God and Country we associate ourselves rades and pondered how to care for the widows together for the following purposes: To uphold and orphans of those who died in the "war to and defend the Constitution of the United States end all wars." of America; to maintain law and order; to foster One of the main orders of business at The and perpetuate a one hundred percent Ameri- American Legion St. Louis Caucus was framing canism; to presence the memories and incidents a principled statement of what the organization of our associations in the Great Wars; to incul- and its members would stand for and how it cate a sense of individual obligation to the com- would serve the nation for generations to come. munity, state and nation; to combat the autocra- Under the direction of Lt. Col. Theodore Roo- Please turn to page 52

20 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 Enjoy Lovely Zooms Roof High the First Year! I\1al

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We associate ourselves

together for the following

purposes:

lb uphold and defend

the Constitution of the

United States of America:

to maintain law and order;

to foster and perpetuate

a one hundred percent

Americanism; to preserve the memories and incidents

of our associations in the

Great Hirs; to inculcate

a sense of individual obligation to the community,

slate and nation; to combat

the aulocracjofboththe

classes and the masses;

to make right the master

of might; to promote peace

and good will on earth;

to saleoyard and transmit

to posterity Ihe principles

of justice, freedom and

democracy; to consecrate

and sanctif} our comradeship by our devotion

to mutual helpfulness. ,

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The Legion pushes for

an investigation into

DoD's ciaim that it lost

unit logs reporting

chemical detections.

ICK Kresch spent less than two weeks in the Per- sian Gulf as a hazardous- chemical safety instructor aboard the USS Roosevelt about the time the light- ning air war of Operation Desert Storm was un- leashed. Several weeks later, Roger Parks, a long-time Army Reserve registered nurse, was on alert at an evac hospital near the Saudi-Iraqi border, anxiously poised to go about the gritty business of tending to the wounded. The two veterans are home now, but they're not the same men they were six years ago. Since his return, Kresch has suf- fered from a variety of debilitating con- ditions, including chronic fatigue, rec- tal bleeding and persistent flu-like symptoms. Parks returned from the gulf with an "unidentified fungus" that inoculations they received before arriv- ber of unit logs. "We're disturbed by detached his retinas. Eyes that once ing in-country? Or were they and their the recent revelations by DoD that scanned the horizon for medevac chop- comrades exposed to the chemical classified materials concerning possi- pers and vehicles now stare into dark- agents of Saddam Hussein's arsenal? ble deployment, exposures and inci- ness. He was medically discharged just Answers to the last question might be dents regarding chemical and biologi- short of qualifying for retirement pay. waiting in the Department of Defense cal warfare agents have been lost," Kresch and Parks are among the documents Pentagon brass have been Matthew L. Puglisi recently told mem- thousands of returning Gulf War veter- slow to release—or claim to have lost. bers of the House Government Reform ans who are seeking the possible caus- For these and other reasons. The subcommittee on Human Resources.

es of their ills. Was it exposure to the American Legion is urging Congress to Puglisi's comments came on the heels harsh desert environment or to an probe whether federal laws were bro- of a report by a presidential panel in- ebony atmosphere hung by burning oil ken in the Pentagon's weak assertion vestigating Gulf War illnesses.

wells and dump sites? The plethora of that it cannot find an unspecified num- Please turn to page 56

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the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie, . Among the investigators' findings: A Maltese store owner identified Jabril as the man who purchased the clothes found in the suitcase containing the Pan Am 103 bomb. And the money he pocketed in Vienna came from With links to terrorist groups around Tehran—where he surfaced in early 1989 before repairing to Iranian-con- ttie globe, Iranian leaders are seeking trolled terrorist centers in 's Bekaa Valley. a new world order of disorder. The Jabril-Tehran link to a grisly crime gave early warning that, in the perennial trouble spot known as the Middle East, an old threat was re- city and could well be con- emerging. While Saddam Hussein de- serves continued attention, a series of N THE FALL of sidered the Smith or Jones of quiet but aggressive moves and the ac- quisition of advanced weapons points 1988, he came into his native . But that to a potential showdown with an old foe long out of mind. a large sum of mon- name sits near or at the top of "Iran poses a very real challenge to our economic and strategic interests in ey, which, as ar- several police bureaus' wish the (Persian) Gulf," warns former Sec- retary of Defense Caspar Weinberger. ranged, he picked lists. Evidence collected by The one-time domain of the Pahlevi shahs has maintained its revolutionary up in Vienna. His U.S. and British investiga- Peter Schweizer is a visiting scholar name, Ahmed Jabril, would tors indicates that Jabril's at the Hoover Institution. He and for- mer Defense Secretary Caspar Wein- not stand out in the phone di- profession was terrorism, berger, whose interview appears on page 30, collaborated to write The rectory of any cosmopolitan and the money the payoff for Next War.

• THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 2IJ fervor while its demographics changed profoundly. More than 60 percent of the population is under 18 and has no memory of the Shah, the American alliance or the 1979-81 American hostage crisis. But the country's leader- ship and its primary goal of ex- Jm porting revolutionary Islam to fellow believers remains. Iran sees itself as the prototype for the Islamic world, and links to terrorist groups abound. In Al- geria, its agents took roles in the terrorist hijacking of Air flight 8969 in Decem- ber 1994. But the theocracy's continued links power in the gulf. And finally, "The to terrorist groups could prove a minor collapse of the Soviet giant has re- Since 1991, worry compared to the ambition mani- moved a powerful military force from Tehran has taken fest in steps taken to expand its influ- Iran's northern border." ence in the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf remains critical to several steps to According to Dr. Anoushirvana American security and economic inter- Etheshami, a Middle East expert at the ests. Two-thirds of the world's proven flex more muscle University of Durham in , Iran oil reserves lie in five littoral countries has become a major regional power of the gulf. Nearly half of the world's in the Persian with a much wider sphere of influence oil supply transits the Strait of Hormuz, and political reach for three primary the 29-mile-wide choke point where Gulf—andit reasons. First, "The energies of the any threat would be most intense. country are now being exploited more Tehran, apparently determined to poses a threat intensively than at any time since the provide that threat, continues an ambi- mid-1970s." Second, the military col- tious build-up of its armed forces to U.S. strategic lapse of Iraq leaves the country known through weapons purchases, increased to the Athenians as Persia the premier military exercises and troop move- interests.

• MARCH 1997 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE 2? "The introduction of sub- marines into the gulf sub-

region is a net escalation of the qualitative arms race there and introduces an en- tirely new class of weapon system into the area." ments. It also is developing nuclear The air force has gotten weapons. One product of these will be its share of the build-up. In a capability to close the strait. The 3rd 1992, Iran made one of its Naval District, Chah Bahar, commands largest weapons purchases the strait from bases on the approaches ever, a $2.5 billion deal to the Gulf of Oman near the Pakistani with Russia. The sale in- border. There the coast bristles with cluded advanced fighters missiles, and the waters swarm with such as 24 MiG-31 Fox- patrol boats. hounds, 24 MiG-27 Flog- Since 1991, Tehran has increased ger Ds, and 48 MiG-29s. These aircraft chemical agents are known, and signif- substantially the muscles it can flex in represented a significant upgrade to the icant facilities for mass production of the strait. That year saw the assertion of inventory of old F-4 Phantom and F-5 mustard gas, phosgene gas, blood exclusive sovereignty over several Tiger fighters. But the most ominous agents and nerve agents exist. Its forces small islands near the mouth of the Per- purchase was Russian-built Backfire train for chemical warfare and can de- sian Gulf, sovereignty previously equipped with the AS-6 anti- liver chemical weapons by artillery and shared with neighbors. The islands in- ship missile. aircraft. clude Aba Musa and the Greater and The Backfires have a combat radius In the meantime, the effort to join Lesser Tumb islands, all of geostrate- sufficient to cover the Middle East, the the nuclear club gains ground. gic importance. Since the takeover, the Mediterranean and the center of Eu- In March 1995, The New York locals have been evicted and the mili- rope. Now one country in the region Times revealed a vast clandestine tary has moved in. Eight thousand disposes of modem strategic bombers. smuggling operation run by Iranians troops deployed on Aba Musa along out of a small civilian airport in Ham- with such advanced weapons as Sun- what use this growing arsenal of burg, Germany, to ferry nuclear tech- burn cruise missiles and Scud-B mis- TOadvanced weapons might be put nology home. Last year China an- siles. These, and large caliber artillery, can be inferred from military exer- nounced plans to build two 300- can attack ships in the strait. cises. In 1993 alone, according to the megawatt reactors in Iran. Both Russia The SSN-22 Sunburn cruise mis- Department of Defense, Iran carried and France have worked to upgrade the siles, purchased from the Ukraine, out 36 naval exercises near the strait. country's existing nuclear facilities. "It travel at Mach 2.5 about 20-25 feet These included missile firings as well is simply outrageous that our European above the sea. With a range of 43-50 as minelaying, underwater attack and allies are unwilling to sacrifice any ex- nautical miles. Sunburns can carry ei- defense operations and commando ports, profits and jobs in the interest of ther conventional or nuclear warheads raids on ships. In early February 1995, isolating Iran," says Roger Robinson, while presenting a cross-section Iranian speed boats, missile units and former senior director of economics at the size of a seagull. naval helicopters practiced operating in the National Security Council. Tehran has also purchased several a chemical/biological/nuclear environ- The CIA reports that up to 54 for- Russian Kilo-class . The ment. eign nuclear weapons experts are subs not only fire torpedoes but also The country's chemical-weapons working on a bomb for Iran, but the SA-16 short-range infrared-guided capability is well established: Large number could be higher. Estimates on

issiles. According to Dr. Etheshami, stockpiles of lethal and non-lethal how long it might take to develop such The CIA reports that up to 54 foreign nuclear weapons experts are working on "the bomb" for Iran—an addition to existing chemical weapons.

HARDWARE-A $2.5 billion deal with Russia has provided Iran with advanced fighters such as the MiG-29 (above) and the

Backfire bomber (below). Kilo-class subs also introduce a new weapons category into the region (far left).

arsenal of nuclear to the heart of Europe, and in the case BALLISTIC IN MISSILES IRAN weapons. Reports have of North , to the Pacific coast of Country Range circulated in the Arabic the United States. Missile of Origin (kilometers) press that 2 or 3 tactical Much as it has done in the conven- Scud-C Russia 500-550 nuclear warheads came tional weapons market, Tehran has from the former Soviet mounted an international nuclear tech- No-Dong 1 1,000-2,000 republic of Khazakstan, nology shopping spree. Last year the Tondar-68 China and Iran 1,000 along with four 152 mm CIA concluded that China had deliv- M-11 China 300 nuclear artillery shells ered important components for missile M-9 China 600 supposedly purchased systems. Hundreds of missile-guidance for $150 million. units and computerized machine tools Source: U.S. Departm ent of Defense To develop ballistic could improve the accuracy of North missiles, Iran supplies Korean Scud missiles already in the ar- IRANIAN MILITARY STRENGTH (1995) North Korea with near- senal and allow home-built variants. Professional Revolutionary ly 50 percent of its oil in Because intentions are impossible Forces Guards exchange for military to measure, the best course for the Total Forces 353,000 180,000 expertise. A 21 -member United States remains continued vigi- Army 320,000 150,000 delegation from the De- lance in controlling the international Navy 18,000 20,000 fense Industry Organi- market in nuclear technologies. This zation visited North Ko- will seriously complicate any rogue Air Force 30,000 12,000 rea on March 28, 1993, state's attempts to develop a nuclear ar- Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1995 to sign the agreement. senal. But as Frank Gaffney, director of The delegation was led the Center for Security Policy in Wash- by Brig. Gen. Hossein ington has pointed out, such a system is a weapon vary. Former U.S. Defense Mantequei, director of "Department hardly leak-proof. What America real- Secretary William Perry estimates 7-15 140"—the ballistic missile program. ly needs is a ballistic missile defense. years, but Israeli officials say it could Since that meeting, the two countries And to ensure that there need not be take less than five. have run joint tests on several modified another war in the Gulf region within Some observers contend that the Is- Scud missiles and longer range mis- the next five years, we should pursue lamic state already possesses a small siles that could carry nuclear warheads an aggressive policy to contain Iran.

MARCH 1997 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • 2fl IHURVi

SLOUGHING TUWARU THE NEXT WAR Can we fight two regional wars ^ simultaneously? Perhaps, Phut don't count on victory in either case.

N THE MID 1980s, hints abounded that affairs, spawned the idea for his recently published book, Moscow's iron hand had begun to rust. The The Next War, co-written with author Peter Schweizer. The beaver-browed Leonid Brezhnev and his surly book—based on war-game and trouble-spot scenarios that predecessors looked on from a Marxist-Leninist have engaged the attention of Pentagon strategists—uses 'heaven," and the new man heading the U.S.S.R., the techniques of fiction and characters both real and imag- Mikhail Gorbachev, enthused over an improved, ined to show how the United States might be drawn into technocratic , promising both glas- combat. Each scenario conveys the chilling consequences nost (openness) and revival of a collapsing eco- of defense-cutting gone too far and failure to weigh accu- nomic system. rately the interests of other nations, including U.S. allies. In the United States, Ronald Reagan opened Tom Clancy, best-selling author of such works as The his second term as president. Elected in 1980 on Hunt for Red October, describes the Weinberger-Schweizer his pledge to strengthen national defense and combat ter- book as a "well-presented and thought-provoking look into rorist threats worldwide, Reagan also dealt firmly with the an undetermined future." Soviets in nuclear arms negotiations. Reagan's proposal for Weinberger says he has one fervent hope for the future: a defense against nuclear attack—the Strategic Defense Ini- "I hope every situation we create in the book remains fic- tiative—sent shock waves through the Kremlin. Snickering tion. But what we do today to protect our interests deter- critics on Capitol Hill and in the media dubbed the proposal mines what might unfold tomorrow." Weinberger recently "Star Wars." took time from his schedule to discuss the book and related Caspar W. Weinberger walked point for the Reagan defense issues with this magazine. Following are excerpts administration's efforts to restore the readiness of, and con- from the interview: fidence in, America's military. Appointed secretary of defense in 1981, Weinberger brought with him an impres- AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE: In your book, you sive toolbox of experience in government service (Nixon's present five different situations that might pull the Unit- Office of Management and Budget director; Ford's secre- ed States into large-scale regional wars. Is it fair to say tary of Health, Education and Welfare), business, military you don't foresee a situation of total world war? affairs, international law and journalism. An infantryman in

World War II, he rose from private to captain. He left the CASPAR W. WEINBERGER: What we present are Pentagon's top post in 1987 and today is chairman of regional conflicts that do not spread expansively. You must Forbes, the biweekly national business magazine. keep in mind these regions are very large and the effects of The rapid downsizing of the U.S. military in the wake of warfare would reverberate around the globe, particularly the Persian Gulf War, combined with ever-changing world where U.S. interests are concerned. For example, we set up

30 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 . "

", North Korea: . its quite possible North Korea would be willing to use tactical nuclear devices since the U.S. has not

. . . deployed a missile defense system...." Mutually Assured Destruction: "You need more than a philosophy to survive. Thafs a dan- gerous thing to do in the kind of world in which we live today" Avoiding the next war:

", . , what we do today to protect our interests determines what might unfold tomorrow.

levels and readiness. This situation also points to another ongoing problem. Since 1978, the U.S. decision to avoid selling advanced weapons systems to Taiwan ham- pers that country's ability to counter the threat from mainland China.

Q. You predict many of the U.S. casualties in South Korea would be victims of nuclear and biologi- cal warfare. How likely is this? A The possibility is there, espe- cially when dealing with a nation such as North Korea

because it has a desperately poor economy and looks to the south to solve its problems. I don't believe they have any particular compunc- tion about taking major losses of life on their own side to achieve their goals. a situation where in the spring of 1998 there is an invasion It's conceivable they would use biological agents such of South Korea by North Korea, and our diminished troop as anthrax to weaken our readiness before the major inva- levels in the south are not able to thwart the attack. At the sion occurred. And it's quite possible North Korea would same time, North Korea's strongest ally, the People's be willing to use tactical nuclear devices since the United Republic of China, launches an attack on Taiwan. States has not developed or deployed a missile defense sys- Ultimately what happens is this: We take heavy casual- tem in that theater. The measured response in such a situa- ties, more than 18,000 in this month-long war. Also, the tion would be to retaliate against Pyongyang with our own United States is forced to sign an unfavorable settlement nuclear weapons. because downsizing has dangerously' reduced our troop Please turn to page 52

MARCH 1997 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • With the Gl

Bill of

Health, the UR World War II veterans In a moment of political and patriotic returned in a glow of victory sub- genius, America gave its World War II vets Legion lime as any in history. In four precisely what they had given their country, a years of desperate and arduous ser- better chance at a better future. Beginning in proposes a vice, our citizen levies overthrew 1944 with the GI Bill of Rights, legislation the arms of two nations who con- added educational opportunity, help with sidered themselves the premier home ownership and medical care for ser- VA system warrior societies of the world. Not vice-related ills as the basics of a veteran's only had they defeated Nazism, due. The result was an unprecedented flower- that meets Western civilization's most per- ing of the American dream. verse heresy, but their victory pointed com- In 1958, most veterans benefits were gath- munism toward collapse before the century ered in what is now Tide 38, United States the needs of was out. By almost any standard, nothing Code. Since then, refinements have been could be too good for them. made without consulting the big picture. veterans of Rewards to veterans have a long and It is, once again, time for a comprehensive uneven history. Veterans have been given legislative initiative in the spirit of The Amer- ail ages. bonuses, land, pensions, group homes and ican Legion-sponsored GI Bill of Rights. hospitals; the choice and the follow-through With the GI Bill of Health, The American can constitute a nation's most telling verdict Legion proposes a VA system that meets the By Harry on itself. needs of older and younger veterans while preserving VA health care for the America of Walters Harry Walters served as VA administra- the 21st century. tor during the Reagan administration. To review the successes of the VA is to

32 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 must be maintained That special expertise and intelligently direct- would be available to all

ed. It also must fit into veterans on Medicaid or politically possible Medicare. All veterans budget while the med- and families with private Ilie American leyioo ical care industry, in insurance or employee GI Bill Of Health general, goes out and health plans could select competes to meet con- a convenient VA hospital sumer needs. All budget-driven gov- or clinic. All military personnel and ernment systems are in jeopardy, and their families could utihze CHAMPUS governmental economic problems will and Tri-Care at the VA. require creative, visionary, politically In the future, the VA will use the possible solutions. principles of managed care while The American Legion crafted the taking advantage of its relationships GI Bill of Health to provide a solution with medical schools and other health to keep the VA from facing financial providers to perfect additional services strangulation. for younger veterans and their families. A preliminary step, the eligibility Once empowered by the GI Bill of reform legislation passed by the 104th Health, the VA will be able to elimi- Congress, is crucial to the GI Bill nate duplicative and contradictory rules of Health. This new law was that hamper its efficiency and serve drafted to simplify require- only to ration health care. Some of ments and expand eligibili- these initiatives—as in the case of eligi- ty- bility reform—already are under way. The creative break- The problem is that most veterans through in the GI Bill of are restricted in their use of the VA; the Health is financial. The VA solution is that under the GI Bill of will tap into the public, pri- Health, every veteran will have the vate and corporate revenue option of choosing the VA to serve streams that sustain all their own and their dependents' med- American health care, and ical needs. The VA in the free market

it will be allowed to keep must be more efficient and better posi- the money. Under present tioned to deliver high-quality health arrangements, the VA care. The additional funds earned in can accept little from delivering health care to new clients outside sources, and will be used to improve the quality of that must be returned care and to reduce the tax money to the U.S. Treasury. needed to deliver mandated care to vet- The VA medical erans with service-connected health system can flourish problems. With reform, the tax-sup- by opening its ser- ported portion of the VA budget likely vices to all veterans will decline in years to come. make the case for it. In developing without regard to questions of service- Plans call for testing by a group of prostheses for amputees, in spinal cord connected disability. By including 30 or so VA hospitals before the GI injury research, in technological help dependents—who are not, as a general Bill of Health is instituted system-wide. for the blind, the VA has lifted the rule, eligible—the GI Bill of Health Republican Congressman Gerald B. quality of life for the elderly and cata- further expands the VA's potential cus- Solomon of New York, chairman of the strophically disabled. Rehabilitative tomer base and revenue. House Rules Committee, will pro- medicine has been transformed through One thing will not change: the debt pose—with The American Legion's VA research. Demographics indicate of honor VA discharges on behalf of support—creating a commission to that by 2020 there will be five times as the American republic. All veterans develop a pilot program. Once its many Americans over age 75 as there with service-connected disabilities and lessons have been learned, the GI Bill are today. America is aging, and VA illnesses will continue to get the care of Health can be launched. almost singlehandedly pioneered criti- they need, free or at reduced cost in There were those who opposed the cal care techniques for the elderly. accordance with their disability rating. original GI Bill of Rights, and there America is healthier because of VHA's There will be no reduction in benefits will probably be opponents of the GI affiliation with 108 medical schools to any veteran being treated by VA. Bill of Health. The judgment of history that train 65 percent of our nation's The GI Bill of Health does not will be the same. History records the physicians, and VA as a backup economize by slashing benefits; it as- achievements of those who step for- hospital system in war and emergency sures the long-term availability of the ward in challenging times, not the cav- is a national asset. benefits by encouraging full use of ils of those who can find no way to do Like any asset, however, the VA facilities and VA expertise. what must be done.

MARCH 1997 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • ecret Casualties OfThe

There's a good reason why our government

tends to deny claims

that our troops were

exposed to chemical

attack in the war—

because they were, a

former CIA analyst

claims.

By Joe Stuteville era could capture—the unpre- of secret chemical warfare. dictability of Saddam Hussein "The evidence of chemical and his high command: Would exposure is overwhelming ATELLITES wheeled they order chemical agents be says Patrick Eddington, silently in the cold vacuum packed into the warheads of the relaxing in a living-room of space, snapping pho- Scuds and artillery and fired at chair in his Fairfax, Va.,

tographs above the Persian U.S. -led coalition forces? It was a plau- home. "Yet, our government continues

Gulf and sending them back sible concern since Hussein was ac- to deny it and deal with it. How is it our to intelligence analysts in cused of using such weapons in the long government will take the word of a the United States. These war against the Iranians—he even had Kurd (in northern Iraq) who says he was photographs showed clearly unleashed killer gas on his own people a gas attack victim and yet turn its back enemy troop movements in northern Iraq as a way to squash a re- on our own people who were in the field and the deployment of king- bellion. and reported the same thing? It's uncon- hell weaponry to the front- Patrick and Robin Eddington, a hus- scionable to me and a slap in the face to lines, including Scud missile place- band and wife who analyzed satellite every American who has ever put his or ments, in anticipation of the invasion imagery for the CIA during the war, are her life on the line in combat." that was certain to come. convinced our troops were not only ex- The chilling variable that had many posed to the residual effects of chemi- URING the war, field sweating and wringing their hands at the cals from the destruction of Iraqi ammo filed reports of chemical detections, Pentagon and Central Intelligence bunkers, but also sustained direct chem- Dl'but strategists running the show in Agency was the image no satellite cam- ical attacks. The Eddingtons also allege Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and at home in the Department of Defense (DoD) and the United States downplayed—de- Joe Stuteville, editor of this maga- their former employer have pursued a nied—that such exposures occurred. In zine, was in the Persian Gulf in Febru- policy of "deceit and disinformation" in recent months, DoD has acknowledged ary and March 1991 to cover the war debunking claims that thousands of ail- that more than 20,000 troops might have for our readers. ing Desert Storm veterans are casualties been exposed to residual nerve agents

3i| • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 In recent months, DoD has

acknowledged that as many as 20,000

troops might have

been exposed to residual nerve

agents following the post-war

destruction ofan enemy bunker

from Brandeis University. After their training, both went to work and excelled at their positions with the agency. For Patrick Eddington, the training was put to the test when Iraqi troops rum- bled into Kuwait in August 1990 and launched a reign of terror in the oil-rich emirate. Before the war ignited and as both sides continued their buildup, Eddington says in- telligence clearly showed Iraq had moved chemical weapons to the front—and intended to use them.

"The intelligence I re- viewed after the war showed that there may have been be- tween eight to 12 chemical attacks on our troops, most likely released from ex- I ploding Scud missiles and \

\ from aircraft penetrations and artillery attacks," says following the post-war destruction of an were given when they I Patrick Eddington. In 1994, the enemy bunker complex near were deployed to the gulf Eddingtons embarked on their Khamisiyah in southern Iraq. region, exposure to fallout from burning own investigation of exposures based One thing is certain about those who oil wells and other toxic wastes. Some on about 300 classified documents, of served in the gulf: Many today continue researchers have suggested many of the which about 60 eventually found their to suffer from unexplained chronic fa- troops' health problems might be linked way to the public via the DoD website, tigue and flu-like symptoms, digestive to a combination of the above and other GulfLINK. and respiratory problems, hair loss and environmental factors. Patrick Eddington is not alone in his aching joints. Research into what could Eddington, 33, went to work with the assessment of Iraq's chemical arsenal. be causing many of their ills is ongoing CIA in 1988, after service as an armor In an interview with THE AMERICAN with more than 70 independent studies officer in the Army Reserves. While in LEGION MAGAZINE last year. Dr. investigating all potential causes, in- training at the CIA's photoanalysis Jonathan B. Tucker, a former chemical cluding chemical agent exposures, anti- school, he met his future wife, Robin and biological weapons expert for the nerve agent innoculations U.S. troops Katzman, who recently had graduated Please turn to page 58

MARCH 1997 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • On their shoulders

rests the comfort

and safety of the

nation's top CEO. Welcome aboard

Air Force One. SKY PILOT—Col. Ralph Al- bertazzle was at the controls when Richard Nixon was president.

No.1 for

Since 1943, when Franklin Roo- the president was on board," explains By Ken Cauthern sevelt's trip to made him Swindle. "However, after Kennedy got the first president to travel by air, only the first intercontinental jet in 1961, the

HEN YOU fly on Air 1 1 men have been designated official press started calling the plane itself Air Force One, you know presidential pilots. They have known Force One, and the name stuck." you're the president," presidents up close and personal and Gerald Ford once pro- have been part of history. IhATEVER label is attached, the

claimed. On that tragic November day in I man at the stick is the best and the Other than the Dallas, Col. James Swindle, brightest the Air Force has to of- White House, no Kennedy's pilot, tore out every seat in fer. Before reaching the top spot, a can- symbol is more close- the air cabin to make room for the pres- didate undergoes years of apprentice-

ly identified with the ident's coffin. "I remember it very ship and evaluation. The starting point presidency than that clearly," recalls Swindle. "They is assignment to the 89th Transport big bird. The refitted brought the president's body out, and Wing at Andrews Air Force Base out-

Boeing 747 with "United States of when everybody got aboard, I went side Washington, D.C. This elite unit is America" blazoned on the fuselage is ahead and fired up the engines. LBJ charged with ferrying the president, the royal chariot of the skies. Wherever sent an aide forward and told us to vice president, cabinet members, mem- it touches down, the plane draws a wait." bers of Congress and other high- crowd. A half hour later. Judge Sarah ranking dignitaries around the world. Less visible to the public eye, but Hughes arrived. A solemn Johnson, For consideration for the 89th, the more vital, are the men and women right hand raised, flanked by the Air Force requires applicants have a who crew Air Force One. On their grieving widow, took the oath of office, minimum 2,000 hours —2,500 pre- shoulders rests the responsibility for becoming the first and only president ferred—of multi-engine flying time. the comfort and well-being of our chief sworn in aboard an aircraft. Most have a lot more. Swindle flew the executive. During the Kennedy years, the jet "Hump" and the Berlin airlift before And the buck stops with the man at was dubbed Air Force One. Earlier, the joining the special missions unit in the controls. airplanes were named individually. 1951. By the time Col. Ralph Alber- The Sacred Cow served FDR and Tru- tazzie, who flew Nixon, got to the unit Ken Cauthern' s article, Uncle man. Ike flew on Columbine II, and lat- in the mid-1950s, he had more than a Sam's Mike Force, was published in er. Columbine III. decade of flying time under his belt. the November 1996 issue. He resides in "In the 1950s, the call sign 'Air Entry into the 89th is only the first Alexandria, Va. Force One' was given to any aircraft step. There are more hurdles to clear,

30 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 and after each, the bar is raised. In 1980, six years after arriving at Andrews, Col. Danny Barr, pilot for presidents Clinton and Bush, became a member of the president's crew. An- other six years went by and he was named deputy pres- idential pilot. Then after President Bush's inaugura- tion in January 1989, he was tapped as Air Force One's pilot. Barr, 50, who does not .smm grant interviews, will not discuss why he was picked over other nominees. But Alan P. Sullivan, director of the White House Mili- tary Office, stated that his office, not the president, makes the final selection from a list of qualified can- didates. Politics is never a fac- tor. Albertazzie had never met then President-elect Nixon when he was picked. In fact, he felt clos- er to the louder, gregarious Lyndon Johnson than to Johnson's more introvert- ed successor. "They were two different men. "When you Johnson roamed the aircraft like a range and frequently came up to the fly on Mr cockpit to talk. Nixon, on the other hand, was a very private man. I often say if he walked into a crowded room farce One, cold , he wouldn't know how to make small talk." you But Albertazzie got plenty of op- knnw portunity to know President Nixon bet- ter. ynu're the In the five and half years he was in office, Nixon visited 28 countries and flew 137,000 miles outside the United States, including his historic trip to open diplomatic relations with China. Gerald Ford This is not excessive, especially for modern presidents. President Bush chalked up 108,000 miles in a single FREQUENT FLYERS year. —Air Force One On the average, Air Force One's pi- arrives in Kansas with lot logs about 100 hours in the air each George Bush (top). month, including proficiency flights. —President IWrs. and Over and over again, he and the crew Clinton wave to greeters practice takeoffs and landings, simu- at 's international airport. lating every conceivable emergency. —President Reagan hams When he is not flying, the president's it up with his staff on his pilot can be found in one of two places: last official flight. in the basement of the White House, —President Carter talks meticulously planning the next jour- business with his aides ney, or at Andrews, making certain Air on the way to Alaska.

• • MARCH 1997 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JJ protected by the most sophisticated hardware. Electronic equipment can ters of security. While start- man, however, went create false echoes ing a descent into Rome, to divert a radar against his pilot's advice on ND.irirIak(off Albertazzie received an ur- guided missile; playing a practical joke. gent call to divert. "A Red- pulse-resistant fiber Taking off during an air optics can survive Force One and its backup are ready to eye missile had been stolen show in Washington, Tru- nuclear attack. go at an hour's notice. from an arsenal in Europe, man decided to buzz the Normally surprise runs are few, and and they said that Islamic First Lady and his daugh- there is plenty of lead time to work out terrorists were going to shoot us down ter, Margaret, who were on the roof of the details of the journey. Before every on our final approach. The Italian po- the White House watching the show. scheduled trip the president's pilot lice went everywhere for 10 or 15 miles Following his commander-in-chief's makes an advance trip, inspecting the out from the runway, but found noth- orders. Hank Myers put the plane into a airports and runways along the pro- ing." steep dive, skimming over the White posed route, finalizing clearances and While airborne, the pilot of Air House at 500 feet. protocol. Force One has absolute authority. His Incidents like these are rare. In more However, the best laid plans some- word is law. than a half century of presidential air times go awry. In the early part of his But remember, he is also carrying travel, there has never been any serious presidency, Clinton took heat for hold- the president of the United States. On danger or mechanical problems. Every ing up air traffic at Los Angeles Inter- journeys spanning several time zones. precaution is taken to ensure the presi- national Airport while he got a $200 Col. William Draper advised President dent's safety. All baggage is electroni- designer haircut. Eisenhower when to go to bed, so he cally checked, including the presi- More serious are delays due to mat- would be rested at the- final stop. Tru- dent's. A security detail is carried on board and cordons off the

> plane when it lands. In addi-

1 tion. Air Force One is pro- SOLEMN § tected by sophisticated hard- RETURN—Flanked ^ ware. Electronic equipment

by JFK's 1 can create false echoes to di- Lyndon Johnson vert a radar-guided missile, assumes the office of president and the pulse-resistant fiber aboard Air Force optics will survive an atomic One before it attack. leaves Love Field But the astonishing safe- ty record cannot be attrib- uted to gadgetry. The credit goes to flesh and blood, the pilots and their skill. They are a select and close frater- nity, as Albertazzie found out recently. "I had to undergo double

bypass surgery, and I didn't tell a single soul outside my

family. Well, I was lying in the recovery room, and who

did I see walk in? Danny

I Barr. I asked, 'How in the hell did you know I was I 1 here?' And he said, 'The • White House told me.' "

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1967, the Army dispatched Joseph J. Frank to war- The Legion's chief spokesman also affirmed the Legion's ravaged as a combat engineer; an continued support of U.S. humanitarian assistance to the enemy land mine cut short his tour, blasting him off Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One such program, the Vietnam DNhis feet and sentencing him to life in a wheelchair. Assistance for the Handicapped, rehabilitates disabled Viet- While Frank often thinks of the buddies he served namese veterans. While touring the program's facility near Ho with—both those who came home alive and those car- Chi Minh City with John F. Sommer Sr., executive director of ried in flag-draped caskets—not knowing what hap- the Legion's Washington, D.C., office, Frank unveiled the pened to his comrades who did not return haunts him con- Legion's plan to provide job training and vocational assistance stantly. to disabled and unemployed Vietnamese veterans of both Three decades after his service, Frank returned to Vietnam sides. last December wearing the red cap of American Legion Nation- The National Commander then journeyed to Taiwan where al Commander as part of a fact-finding tour. His mis- he was awarded the Medal of Honor by the Vocational Assis- sion this time? To demand more cooperation from Vietnamese tance Commission for Retired Servicemen. government officials in resolving the fates of American POWs In Taiwan's capital city of Taipei, Frank received extensive and MIAs. briefings from U.S. diplomats and local government officials. "We want more cooperation from your government to deter- Accompanied by his wife, Barbara, and National American mine what happened to our missing servicemen," asserted Legion Auxiliary President Phyllis Bachman, Frank emphasized

Frank in a face-to-face meeting in Hanoi. "A fullest possible The American Legion's continued support of Taiwan as a close accounting means releasing Americans who may still be in U.S. ally in the Pacific. captivity here today. It means repatriating the remains of Amer- Frank's Far East tour also included South Korea and a visit icans who were killed in action or who died in your prison to the demilitarized zone (DMZ), which separates the free south camps." from the totalitarian north. Frank reports the steely stares and

But a full accounting does not end there. "It means provid- sullen hostility of North Korean guards made a sobering ing the American people with a valid, conclusive explanation if reminder that communism is alive, well and a threat to democ-

Vietnamese leaders cannot meet the first two conditions." racy and stability.

Frank urged officials to work more closely with the on-site "It was a little eerie," Frank later recalled of the visit to the

U.S. Joint Full Accounting teams who sift excava- DMZ. "The Cold War shows little sign of thawing in Korea. It tions and survey locations where troops were reported missing reaffirmed to me the need for the United States to maintain a in combat. strong military presence in that region." Frank also met with

More than 2,000 servicemen listed as missing in action U.S. military commanders and ground troops during his visit to remain unaccounted for, according to the Pentagon. the "Land of the Morning Calm."

The United States lifted a trade embargo against its former But Vietnam, says Frank, left a profound impression. As the enemy in 1994 and has since moved toward establishing jetliner carried him stateside to his Missouri home, the Legion diplomatic relations with Vietnam's communist regime. The commander reflected on his decision not to visit old battle- American Legion opposed any such action until the powers- grounds. that-be in Hanoi had provided the fullest possible accounting "I didn't really feel a desire to retrace the past, such as

criteria. returning to the place where I was wounded. The war is over,

"The Vietnamese and U.S. governments must work closely man. This time I went to Vietnam with the mission of persuad- and honestly to write the final chapter of the long, bitter saga of ing our former enemies to help end the war for the families of the ," said Frank. my comrades who didn't come home."

Djd 'Nam Endanger Mom? medical director for public health and nam-era female vets is the first of its DID seiviccwomen in Vietnam put environmental medicine. The VA kind. Generally, most of these veter- their reproductive futures at risk? encourages female Vietnam veterans ans are beyond their procreative years. That's one of the questions researchers to call its special toll-free hotline, Preliminary results from a study of with the Department of Veterans' (800) 255-5244, for more information Persian Gulf female Air Force veter- Affairs launched a survey to answer. If on the survey. Identities of all partici- ans indicate they are twice as likely to you're one of the women deployed to pants will be kept confidential, Mather report abnormal Pap tests (10 percent) Vietnam during the war, the VA wants assures. than those who were not in the gulf. to hear from you. VA researchers also want to hear The study, conducted by the Universi- "We have almost no data on the from female veterans who served ty of Michigan, also reports that those reproductive health of women who during the war but were not stationed who served in the gulf are more than served in combat zones," reports in Vietnam. twice as likely to develop benign Susan Mather. VA's assistant chief The reproductive survey of Viet- breast lumps.

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ARIBETH SEELY's this note, for you have done a "Many hospitalized veter- students. "Veterans in the

1 Ij fifth grade class at lot for us. Thanks again and ans are alone this holiday hospital have a lot of time to

I Sandyston Walpack keep in mind, you are spe- season," says National Com- themselves to sit and think I I I elementary school in cial!" mander Joseph J. Frank. because they are alone,"

Ifiiiil Layton, N.J., wanted Classmate Ryan Leppert "The children's kind and says McCole. "Many feel as to do something special for wrote: "I think it was very heart-warming letters make though no one thinks of

veterans on Nov. 1 1. nice for you to risk your life the veterans' holidays a little them and it makes some "Each year we try to find for America. It takes a lot of brighter." wonder why they fought. some way for the students to courage and sacrifice to do Dan McCole, The children's letters helped recognize veterans," says that. People like you mean a Department Executive Com- to bring a little cheer into Seely. "In 1995 the students lot to people like me." mitteeman, also salutes the their lives." wrote to homeless veterans staying in a shelter in .

The year before that, I brought veterans wearing full Chilli Wellare Foundaiioii DlsiPlbutes Grants uniform into the classroom to talk about their war experi- FOURTEEN non-profit organizations ttiat "About Rett Syndrome: A Booklet for Families." foster a liealtliier, safer environment for ences." Make-A-Wish Foundation of America, children were awarded $299,030 in Phoenix, Ariz.: $24,400 for a project entitled The American Legion and grants by tlie Board of Directors of tlie "Design and printing of new general Make-A- the Citizens Flag Alliance ig- Child Welfare Foundation. The grants Wish Brochure." nited last year's idea with a support worthwhile child-related pro- National Marfan Foundation, Port Washing- mailing that included a can- jects and disseminate information to the general ton, N.Y.: $22,000 for a project entitled "Cele-

dle with a two-fold purpose. public. brating the Differences II." The candles, returned by re- "These grants send the message National Organization for Rare cipients to Washington, that we all need to work to improve the Disorders (NORD), New Fairfield, D.C., were lighted in remem- conditions of the lives of young peo- Conn.: $30,000 for a project brance of veterans and V-J ple," says CWF President U.S. "Udie" entitled "Pediatric Rare Disease Grant, National Executive Committee- Database Project." Day. This flame also sent a man from Kansas. He added, "We have The New Jersey Center for message that veterans sup- found that these grants are the Outreach and Services for the port a victory for the flag. seedlings that lead to further Autism Community, Inc., Ewing, Seely brought the mes- exploratory methods of research to N.J.: $13,650 for a project enti- sage to her students. "The benefit children." tled "Practical Suggestions for kids really liked the idea of a The fund recipients were deter- Parents of Children with Autism." light to represent veterans," mined during the annual meeting of the Prevent Child Abuse, , she says. "Lighting the can- CWF Board of Directors held in Indi- Richmond, Va.: $10,400 for a project anapolis, Ind., Oct. This entitled Awareness Campaign to dle in remembrance was real- on 13, 1996. year's "Blue Ribbon recipients include: Prevent Child Abuse & Neglect." ly easy for the children to un- The Bingham Child Guidance Center, Inc., Shwachman Syndrome Support Service, derstand." Louisville, Ky.: $16,400 for a project entitled "A Inc., Vernon, Conn.: $18,430 for a project enti- The students decided to Program to Identify, Evaluate and Treat Child tled "Shwachman Syndrome— Informing to write letters to hospitalized Arsonists." Stop the Suffering."

veterans honoring them for Center for Education Resources, Indianapo- THINK FIRST Foundation, Park Ridge, III.:

their service. All 27 children lis, Ind.: $30,000 for a project entitled "Safety $25,000 for a project entitled "National Distrib- in the class wrote thank-you Solutions-Four Practical Public Service ution of THINK FIRST For KIDS: A Brain and letters that were distributed Announcements for Children." Spinal Cord Injury Prevention Program." during the holiday season. Child Quest International, Inc., San Jose, Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc., Bay- Calif.: $12,900 for a project entitled "Milk Car- side, N.Y.: $25,000 for a project entitled "Cre- A letter from 10-year-old tons: Keeping America's Children Safe." ation of a National Educational Curriculum for Halley Sweetman read in Cleft Palate Foundation, Pittsburgh, Penn.: T.S., O.C.D. and A.D.H.D." part: "You gave more than $17,700 for a project entitled "The First Four Young Marines, Washington, D.C.: $32,000 just your help toward our Years." for a project entitled "Educational and Training country, you gave your life. I International Rett Syndrome Association, Materials for Youth—Positive Lifestyle, Self- hope you have a Happy Clinton, Md.: $21,150 for a project entitled Esteem, Anti-Drug Program." Thanksgiving and cherish

42 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 5

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recreational ve- ers just 15 minutes from the third night is free with two Whitmore Lake Post 359 of TWOhicle resorts and Orange County Convention paid nights. Michigan honors Persian parks can be found Center, site of most conven- For those simply looking Gulf veteran Richard Roza near the site of the tion activities. Three-point for a car to rent. Hertz has for his outstanding work at 79th National Con- hook-ups are available, with joined AVIS, National and fundraising and membership vention of The American Le- fees of $16.54/night. Budget as rental car carriers recruiting. gion. Listed below are some Port 'O' Call R.V. Resort for the 1997 National Con- Post 178 of Van Wert, of the facts visitors might (800/327-9120) in nearby vention. Ohio, conducted a parade at need to decide if they should Kissimmee, Fla., is just 20 Legion Family members the county fair. With help bring the motor home to minutes away, and reserva- who wish to use Hertz in Or- from Don Taylor, the Leg- town. tions are not required. They lando Aug. 19-Sept. 4, 1997, ionnaires served ham and Turkey Lake Park in Or- also offer three-point hook- may call (800) 654-2240 and beans at a special tent honor- lando (407/299-5594 or ups, at a rate of $14/night. use The American Legion's ing all veterans. 407/299-5581) requires Don't forget to ask for the meeting group number of Continental Post 1424 of reservations, but puts travel- special discount, where the 5308. Forest Hills, N.Y., donated two U.S. Savings Bonds to Frank "Cisco" Montoya and Speaking of Discounts... his twin brother, Fabian, for their actions in protecting the National Internal locations throughout North owned hotel chain, extends U.S. Flag at the Phoenix Art THEAffairs division re- America. Call (800) 769- its active-duty military rate to Museum (Legion News, minds all members 0939 for reservations. members of the Legion and December 1996). to use the member The Ramada family (in- Sons of The American Le- Post 39 of Taylor, Texas, benefits at their dis- cluding Ramada Plaza Ho- gion, available through the salutes Hudson Leshikar for posal, including ones that tels, Ramada Inns, and Ra- toll-free reservations line, his 50-1- years of service in could help out during a trip to mada Limited) also wants (800) 4-CHOICE. They of- the Legion since his days the National Convention, or your business. Call (800) fer 2,500 locations world- fighting in Europe during anywhere on the continent. 462-8035 for reservations at wide, under the names Sleep World War U. One of the most expensive one of their 800 locations in Inn, Comfort, Quality, Clari- Quinsigamond Post 318 aspects of traveling is accom- the United States and Cana- on, Friendship Inn, Econo of Worcester, Mass., dedi- modations. The Legion has Lodge and Rodeway. cated a monument in honor taken steps to ease this bur- With more than 220 loca- of all the veterans who den, adding new hotel chains tions across the country. La served and died for America. to its list of those offering Quinta Inns may be the Emma Jane Windham discounted rates to Legion- choice for you. Simply re- Post 563, Texas, celebrated naires. quest the corporate rate when its 50th anniversary. Com- Days Inn offers more than All the above discounts making reservations at (800) mander Thelma Pugh orga-

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34th Inl Div, 135th Rgl, 2nd Bn, F/Hq Cos #16252 153rd/511th Port Co (Enewelok, Korea) #20300 35th Inf Div, 137lh Rgl, B Co #16067 156th & 165lh AAA Oper Dels #16463 Reunion coordinators can enroll 36th Inf Div (Midwest Chapl, WWII) #16673 160th Engr(C) Bn (WWII) #13144 their units in VETS® by sending a 37th Field Hospital (WWII) #13888 160th General Hospital (WWII) #11103 self-addressed, stamped envelope 371h Inl Div, 129th Rgt, 1st Bn, A/C/D/L/Hq Cos 161st FA, 2nd Bn, Hq Btry/2D91h FA Bn, Hq Blry to VETS*, P.O. Box 901, Colum- #20564 #15891 VETS IS a service that pro- bia, MO 65205-0901. Unit names 38th Engr(C) Rgt (WWII) #16637 1671h Gen Hospital #20124 vides intormation about mili- are published one time per year. 38th Inl Div, 151st Rgl, A Co #15262 1681hAAABn (WWII) #15442 381h Sig Const Bn Assn #10198 tary reunions, helps veterans 1781h QM Co (Afr/llal/Fr/Ger, WWII) #14296 401h FA Grp/333rd Arty #14127 181 si Hvy Pontoon Engr (WWII) #11438 find old buddies and arranges ARMY 40th Inl Div, 108th Rgt, B Co (WWII) #15488 1 81 St QM Depot Co Supply #1 6437 reunions, travel and accommo- Isl Cav Div, 7th Rgt, E Co (Korea) #13558 40th Inf Div, 1601h Rgl, Anli-Tank Co (ATC) 1 85th FA, Cannon/ Trk Co's, B Btry #1 6461 dations. Isl FA Observ Bn, FARTC (Korea, 52/53) #16163 #12076 191 St FA Rgl #15266 Istlnl Div, Isl Engr(C) Bn #21764 40lh Inl Div, 224lh RCT (Korea) #23370 192nd Ord Depot Co (WWII) #11270 REUNIOM INFORMATIOi^ 2nd Arm'd Div IVlPs (WWII) #16422 40th Inf Div, Judge Adv Sect (Korea 53-54) 194th FA Bn, 1941h Grp Hq, 185lh/740lh FA #21771 This month there are 844 2nd CA Bn, D-41 Btry (Kahuka HI, WWII 42/45) (WWII) #15359 #12176 42nd/2481h Ord Bn (Leghorn, Italy 45-47) #23495 204th Ord (M) Mainl #22372 military reunions listed on 2nd Gen Hospital, MP Del (Landstuhl) #12100 43rd Inf Div, 169th Rgt, Tank Co (Ger 51-53) 208th Engr(C) Bn (WWII) #15561 these pages. In addition, 2nd In! Div, 23rd Rgl #14890 #13404 209th AAA AW Bn, A Btry #16568 VETS® has information on 2nd Inl Div, 9th Rgt, A/C Cos (40/45) #15799 44th Engr (C) Bn (Broken Heart, Korea) #11171 2161h CAAARgl (WWII) #16227 more than 12,000 other re- 3rd Arm'd Div, 54th FA Serv Btry #16421 44th Inf Div, 71st Rgt, Med Del (41-43) #12067 217lh CA AA,E Btry #16222 44th Inf Div Band (WWII) #15899 3rd " 219lh Mil Intel Del (Bien Hoa, VN #14895 unions. Call weekdays, noon to Army, Hq Co (Gen "Patlon's Household Stall) 71/72) #14070 45th Inf Div, 157lh Rgt, 158lh FA Bn (WWII) 221st MP Co (SETAF Vicenza, Italy) #12101 8 p.m., CDT. Calls cost $1.95 3rd Inf Div, 199th Inf Bde. 2nd Bn, A Co #15708 #15238 2251h Slation Hospilal (WWII) #16591

per minute. The average call 3rd Inl Div, 7th Rgl Assn ' Cottonbalers " (All Yrs) 451h Inf Div, 180th RCT, L Co (Korea, 51/52) 2281h FA Grp, Hq Btry (WWII) #16080 takes three minutes. #16139 #12131 2301h AAA S/L Bn, C Btry, Navy 3011 #21773 45th Inl Div. 180th Rgt, 1st Bn, Hq Co 245th (900) 737-VETS 3rd Inl Div, 9lh Arty, HQ Blry (57, Kittingzen, Ger) (50/52) Engr Combat Bn, C Co #16122 #23479 #16472 250th Gen Hospital #19546 (900) 737-8387 3rd Inl Rgt Assn (Honor Guards) #20001 45lh Inl Div, 2791h Rgt, IVI Co #16613 252nd FA Bn (WWII) #10896 If you know the VETS® five- 4th Inf Div "Ivy" Assn (Nat) #16302 45lh Inl Div, 45lh Sig Co #16070 256th Ord MIVI Co #16280 digit number assigned to your 41h PsyOps Grp "Mindbenders" (VN/Panama/ 47th/1 347th Engrs #15399 272nd Inl RgL D Co #16196 47th Inf Div: 135th Rgl, SVC Co Viking Assn (MN (All ship or unit, please give it to the Grenada/Kuwait) #21766 279th Army Band Years) #11410 5th Army Assn (WWII) #13073 NG) #16245 285th MP Co (Baumholder 67-69) #11300 operator. The number is printed 6lh Army, 544th FA Bn ( 45) #19474 47th Inl Div, 9th Arm'd (Normandy Campaign, 289th Sig Co, 41h Engr Spec Bde (ESB) #15803 after each outfit's name listed in 6lh Inf Div, 63rd Rgt, Co C #23480 WWII) #12151 322nd Sig Bn Co B (50-Now) #16611 the magazine. If you don't know 71h Base Post Office (WWII. Korea-Present) 50lh CA (Camp Pendlelon, VA 41/42) #16286 337th/1 338th Engrs (C) Bn #15779 the number or do not see your #11414 51 si Engr(C) Bn (WWII) #23474 3561h AAA Searchlight Bn (WWII) #15422 53rd Gen Hospilal (Eng. WWII) #11500 3781h (C) ship or unit listed in the maga- 7th Inl Div. 49lh FA Bn (/Korea 50s) #22672 Engr (Korea 50-51) #20189 71h Ord MIVI Co (Korea 50-53) #19580 60lh Chem Depot Co #16480 3891h Rgt, Hq Co, 3rd Bn #14129 zine, VETS® operators might 8th Inf Div, 181h Rgt, Isl Balllegroup, Hq Co 62nd/421sl CA AA, B Blry (Nlld, 38/45) #16285 4001h AFABn(ETO) #15475 still be able to provide you #20332 62nd Sig Bn,ACo (WWII) #12150 404th Sig Co #20563 reunion information. Units are 8th Inf Div, 708th Ord Co (WWII) #15800 681h Slation Hospital #22935 406th/301h Evac Hospilal (WWII) #10714 70th Inl Div, enrolling in VETS® daily. 9th Inf Div, 34th FA Bn, Hq Btry (54/55) #14899 270th Engr Bn, A/B/C Cos #10508 418th MP Escort Guard #22015 9th Inf Div, 47th Rgt, 4th Bn, C Co #14889 71st Inf Oiv, 564lh FA Bn, B Blry #10820 421sl ASF Band, "Charles Banner's Grp" #19882 PLAiMNIMG A REUMIOrir 9th Inf Div, 91h Sig Bn, B Co #14154 71st Inl Div, 5lh Rgl, 20th Bn, A Co (TDRTC, Ft 438lh AAA AW Bn #15071 Meade IVID 43/44) #11283 441 si IVled Collect Corps #16654 VETS® will help you ar- 9th Inf Div (All Units & Supt Unils, VN) #22977 10th Arm d Div (West Chapt) #16033 71 si Inf Div, 5lh Rgl, 3rd Bn, D Co #16315 443rd Sig Hvy Consl Bn Avn #11338 range your outfit's reunion at no lOlh Hospital Train (HMS Prague H-61, 44-46) 72nd QIVI Co, A Co & 3425th Ord Co #21772 450th AAA AW Bn (SP) (WWII) #23497 cost and save money in the #23006 73rd Tank Bn, Korea (Ft Bragg/Fl BennIng) #23475 451 St Amphib Truck Co #20134

process. Finders/Seekers® ser- lOlh Inf Div, 35th FA Bn (45/46) #23021 751h CA (AA) Rgt, F Btry (40-44) #22605 456th AAA AW Bn, B Btry #16371 751h Inl Div, 291 si Rgt, M Co #23496 465th Auto Weapons Bn #16473 vices are included free for 10th Inf Div, 87th Rgl, H Co #20925 76th Inf Div, 417th Rgl, Hq & Hq Co #15477 465th FA Arty Bn (Korea) #23494 VETS® managed reunions. 11th AAA Bn (SP), C Blry #15716 lllh A/B Div, 503rd Inl Rgt, A Co (53) #12565 78th AAA Gun Bn (WWII/Korea) #12952 478th AAA AW Bn,C Btry #15550 also will VETS® maintain lllh Evac Hospital #20530 78th Inf Div, 78th DM Co (WWII) #16701 501st Med Collect Corps, 62nd Bn, B Co #10803 reunion coordinators' mailing 13th Ord Bomb Disp Sq (Leghorn, Italy 45-47) 78th Inf Div "Texas Cohorts" #19880 504th AAA Gun Bn (WWII) #10872 lists and unit archives, and han- #23505 78th Inf Div Vets Assn #11038 513th Para RCT #20178 14th Field Hospilal #16440 79th EngrBn, DCo (61-64) #23469 5161hAAAGunBn(Sem) #14073 dle all reunion publicity needs. 141h Bn, 5201h OKI Pelro Sup Co (51-52) 82nd A/B Div, 407lh QM Co #14120 5161h Sig Corps (Austria, 49-55) #15421 Tell us what you want, and we m #20078 83rd Engr Const Bn, C Co (France 56/58) #14892 530lh MP Co (SHAPE HQ, Paris) #23489 will the work. 50-53) do 17th A/B Div, 5131h Para Inl, A Co #19734 841h/62nd Engr Consl Bn (Korea #14727 532nd EB&SR (All Unils) #16401 851h Inl Div, 339th Rgt, K Co(WWII) #19862 533rd EB&SR, Co A #13347 REUNION FACILITIES 17th Air Cav, 71h Arm'd Sq, B Trp #21769 18th AAA Grp, Hq/Hq Blry #21835 861h Inl Div, 332nd FA Serv Bn #14110 534th Hq Co, EB&SR #15924 & TRAVEL Inf Div, 181h OCS, Class 38 (Inf School) #19949 861h 341 si Rgt, L Co (WWII) #23473 534th Ord Auto Mainl Del (Caserata, Italy 46-47) 88th Call WETSTRAVEL. You 11 201h Field Hospital #19888 A/B Div, 3251h Glider Inf Rgl #20149 #23502 get the lowest possible hotel, 22nd/701h Sig TS&BC (Combat Pholo, WWII) 91st Cav Recon Sq (Ft Bliss, 41/46) #16177 535th AAA Bn #16193 #16405 95th (2771 St) Engr Repro Co, 29th TOPO Engr Bn 540th Ord Ammo Renov Plln (Leghorn, Italy 46- banquet, tour and travel rates. 22nd Supporl Command (Desert Shield/DS) (Manila, PI 46/47) #22719 47) #23498 (800) 844-VETS #19936 96th OM Bakery Co #15949 549th Engr Base Survey Co #16404 (800) 844-8387 24th Constabulary Sq, D Trp #20268 961h Sig Bn (CBI) WWII #20027 551 St FA Bn,ABal #14862 971h Inf Div, 303rd/365th/389th/922nd FA Bn 554th AAA Bn, B Btry (52-55) #23465 FINDING A BUDDY 24th Inf Div, lllh FA Bn, B Btry (WWII) #16192 241h Inl Div, 21st Rgt, 2nd Bn, E/F/G/H Cos (WWI, WWII) #16119 555th Engr #16513 Looking for a buddy or long (Korea, 50/51) #12095 97th Inf Div, 365lhFABn #15631 564th Trans (VN 68-69) #14901 97th Inf Div, MP PItn (Ger/Japan, 43-46) #12075 567th AAA AW Bn #11000 lost relative? Finders/Seekers® 24th Inf Div, 3rd Engr (Korea) #19009 25lh Inl Div, 21 si Rgt, 1st Bn, C Co (74-77) 97th Inf Div (WWII) #20452 568lh AAA AW Bn #15844 service will send you a comput- #19047 98th Machine Records Unit #14208 573rd Pers Co (Fl Bragg) #15783 er listing Inl Div, of names, addresses 251h Inl Div, 25lh S&T Bn, B Co #14068 99th 786th Tank Bn (WWII) #16659 604th Engr Camo Bn (WWII) #10444 and phone numbers of people in 25th Inl Div, 35th Rgl, Serv Co (Korea) #12165 101 si A/B Div, 3771h Para FA Bn, C Blry #20216 6121h/6131h FA Bn(PK), "Mars Task Force" 102nd Inl Div (USAR), 327th Med Bn #13971 #16006 the United States who have the 25lh Inl Div, 891h FA Bn (WWII) #16202 (WWII) 26lh Inl Div, lOlsl Rgl "Yankee Div" (WWI/WWII) 103rd Inl Div, 411th Rgl, L Co #20789 613lh Engr LE Co (WWII) #15825 same name as the person you're #16027 1051h Port MarlVlainl Co #11862 618lh Sig Bn #19622 seeking. Finders/Seekers® guar- 26th Inf Div Assn "Yankee Div" (WWI/WWII) 1061h Inl Div, 1061h Recon Trp #16383 636th Quartermaster Laundry Co WWII #21746 antees you will get at least one #20303 llllhFABn (WWII) #12127 637th TDBn, CCo #20171 1181h Rgt, G Co #15677 676th Engr(LE) Co #19891 name that matches, or it will 26th Inf Div, "Yankee Div" (IVIidwest Chapt, WWII) #16643 120lh Rgt, B Co (WWII) #23002 707lh Tank Bn Assn (WWII) #16702 refund your money. Search fees 28lh Inf Div, 103rd Med Bn/RgI Assn #15346 121 St QM Depot #14075 711th Tank Bn,Hq Co (WWII) #19975 are $15 per name. Allow six 301h FA Assn (30 FA Rgl, 1-5/521/550 Bn/HHB/30 126th AAA Gun Bn Mobile, Hq Btry (WWII) 728th Amphib Trac Bn, 775th TO Bn #21782 weeks for a reply. FAGrp/Bn, 18-Now) #19420 #30136 728th ROB (WWII) #15693 Write: Finders/Seekers®, 30lh Med Depot Co #20519 1291h Assault Heli Co (VN) #23486 735th ROB, CCo #15649 133rd AVN Engrs #16198 738th MP Bn,ACo #19227 P.O. Box 901, Columbia, MO 31st Chem Co #16502 31st Inf Div, 1241h Rgt, C Co (WWII) #16160 1351h/1 265th Combat Engrs (WWII) #16352 746th ROB (Alices) #16258 65205-0901; or call (800) 449- 31st Ord Co (WWII) #19996 139th Quartermaster Trucking Co #21790 748th ROB (India, WWII) #16062

VETS. MasterCard/VlSA ac- 33rd Inf Div (All Units, WWI/II) #11150 141 St Rgl, 100th/442nd RCTs #20642 752nd Tank Bn, Co B (Leghorn. Italy 47) #23504 cepted. 34th Arm'd Rgl, 2nd Bn (VN, 66-70) #15539 143rd Ord IVIM Co (WWII) #14894 Please turn page

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2 For $15 I 3-6 weeks lor delivery 758lh/64th Arm d Rgl Assn #16663 #22684 LSM (R) 515*18402 USS Adair APA-91 (VTOII) #11897 771st FA Bn #23491 STRATCOM 4/L Bn (Korea) #22124 LST-1001 #18158 USS Admirable AM-1 36 (Vmii) #18411 772n(l MP Bn "77 Deuce" (Korea, 50-55) #19911 US Constabulary Assn, Outpost #2 (PA/NY/NJ/DE) LST-1012#18515 USS Akron ZRS-4 #14896 772nd TD Bn #10283 #21785 LST-1014#20302 USS AInitah AK-127 (WWII) #10818 777th Tank Bn #15863 US Sect-Assoc Rhinet Danube, 1st French Army LST-1076 USS Page Co (VN) #14644 USS Ancon AGC-4 #18008 782nd Tank Bn (ETO WWII) #15212 #16485 LST-1077 USS Park Co (VN) #14774 USS ARD-21 #14642 785th MP Bn. A-D Cos #20892 Vietnam Armor Advisers #14060 LSM 087 (WWII) #11601 USS ATR-74 #23004

787th Tank Bn, B Co (WWII) #16700 WAC: Detachment, Ft Sill FA School, Hq Co (85th LSM 148 USS Sumner Co (VN) #19067 USSATR-84 #18404 788th AA Bn, Hp Btry (WWII) #12118 WAACPost, 43) #11682 LSM 158 USS Tioga Co (VN) #14907 USS Bainbridge DLGN/CGN-25 #22467 788th FA Bn, Sen/ Btry #14893 LSM 159 USS Tom Green Co (VN) #11708 USS Banner APA-60 #21184 793rd MP Bn, A Co #14072 NAVY LSM 161 USS Vernon Co (VN) #14864 USS Bassett APO-73 #23415 809th TD Bn (WWII) #15560 LSM 167 USS Westchester Co (VN) #11848 USS Birmingham CL-62 #18510 814th TD Bn #16275 1st Beach Bn #13482 LSM 168 USS Wexford Co (VN) #17600 USS Blakely FF-1072 #10934 815th TD Bn (WWII) #13313 IstNCB Spec (WWII) #22524 LSM 169 USS Whitfield Co (VN) #14775 USS Boreas AF-8 #19274 818th Tank Bn #16451 4th NCB (Spec) #22903 LSM 170 USS Windham Co (VN) #14784 USS Briscoe APA-65 #17878 821st Engr Avn Bn, A Co (WWII) #15572 5th Fleet Mar Force. (44-45) #23470 LSM 175 USS York Co #13001 USS Bryce Canyon AD-36 #13757 836th Engr Avn Bn #10973 6th Naval DIst Shore Patrol (WWII) #17444 LST-356 USS Warhoop #17718 USS Buck Wilson APA-23 (Vmil) #21850 860th QM Fumigation & Bath Co #14159 8th NCB Spec (Aleutians) #17394 LST-43 #12476 USS Bunch DE-694/APD-79 #17713 865th AAA AW Bn, All Btrys #14078 9lh Naval DIst Civil Readjustment Office (Chicago- LST-449 (WWII) #21363 USS Burleson APA-67 (44-46) #11259 894th Ord HAM Co #10749 Post WWII) #15198 LST-508 #21368 USS CapricornusAKA-S7 #10489 916th Engr Avn Sup Point Co (Eng) #20206 13th Fighting Sq (WWII) #20292 LST-526 #18645 USS Chaffee DE-230 #17356 936th Ord (H) Auto Co (WWII) #19881 24th NCB #28382 LST-530 #18549 USS Charles Lawrence DE-53/APD-37 #10408 LST-543 #19448 947th Engr Avn Bn, NE Air Comm (Korea) #19489 33rd NCB #20392 USS Chester CA-27 #17509 951 sVI 83rd FA Bns (WWII) #15569 35th NCB (IncI Banika/Manus/Manila RepI) LST-589 (WWII) #18162 USS Chloris ARVE-4 #22031 LST-601 Clark Co (VN) 955th Field Arty Bn (Korea) #21507 #21796 USS #13727 USS Clamour AM-160 #14395 LST-668 #18285 963rd/1 491st Engr Maint Co #19768 43rd NCB (Attch Ist/IOth Mar. PTO 45) #12072 USS Cogswell DD-651 #18283 LST-682 (WWII) #12198 982nd Engr Const Bn, B Co (50-52) #10662 62nd NCB (WWII) #18462 USS Colhoun DD-801 Survivors Assn (WWII) LST-702 #17579 984th MP Co (WWII) #16186 70th NCB Det 578/579/1005/1006 #11130 #17626 LST-754 #13354 USS ConklinDE-439 #18082 1298th Engr (C) Bn #16554 103rd NCB. B Co (Guam 52/53) #14876 LST-762 USS Floyd Co (VN) #14908 USS Coontz DLG-9 #22108 1463rd Engr Boat Maint Co, 3rd ESB #14058 114th NCB (WWII) #21077 LST-786 USS Garrett Co (VN) #11597 USS Covington PF-56 #14527 1468111 Engr Maint (WWII) #22240 136th NCB Assn #18432 AOG's: All Crew (Hosted by Tombigbee AOG- LST-821 USS Harnett Co (VN) #14556 USS Cree ATF-84 (50/52) #14863 1613rd Engr Forestry Co - (WWII) #16172 USS 11/Genesee AOG-8) LST-838 USS Hunterdon Co (VN) #21135 USS Dawson APA-79 Assn #10188 2029th Overhead Det, Enclosure 19 (POW Camp #11919 APB-35/36/39/40:USS Benewah/Colleton/Mer- LST-839 USS Iredell Co (VN) #14636 USS Day DE-225 #17883 Foucarville, Fr) #14356 cer/Nueces #11135 LST-845 #14535 USS Delta AR-9/AK-29 #12216 3148th (M) Maint Ord Co (Guadalcanal, 43-45) LST-846 USS Jenning Co (VN) #12763 USS Deuel APA-160 #23280 APC-14 (All WWII APC Sailors) #19899 (43-56) #12285 ARL-23-25/30/37: Satyr/Sphinx/Askarl/ LST-854 USS Kemper Co (VN) #30146 USS Dixie AD-14 (73-75) #19929 3205lh QM Serv Co #15738 USS Indra/Krishna #22978 LST-867 #17798 USS Don 0 Woods APD-1 18 #11290 3287th QM, Serv Sq (N Atrica, Sicily, Italy, Ger- Armed Guard: SS Augustine Heard #14421 LST-880 (VTOII) #18161 USS Dortch DD-670 #11754 many 43-45) #12097 Asiatic Fleet Combined Forces #18034 LST-902 (Korea) #19642 USS Drexler DD-741 #18385 3344th QM Truck Co #12115 Base Hospital Staff, M Ward (Bremerton, WA LST-902 USS Luzerne Co (VN) #14708 USS Duncan DD-485 #12305 3424th Ord Co (WWII) #20161 WWII) #18146 LST-918#21125 USS Eastland APA-163 (WWII) #14882 3482nd Ord MAM Co (WWII) #15832 Beach Group One Assn (IncI ACB/BMU/BU-1. LST Assn "Brown Water" (VN) #28373 USS Elkhart APA-80 (WWII) #13305 3S75th QM (H) Truck Co (WWII) #16464 Seals. HQ Co) #19041 LSTAssn of NV #18048 USS Enoree AO-69 #19125 7175th Ord Guard Co (OVHD) (Leghorn, Italy 47) Boot Camp Co 703 (June 45) #12074 MCB-9 (52-69) #17905 USS Ernest G Small DD/DDR-838 #13416 #23487 CASU-35: Ord Div #14460 Military Govt of Okinawa. Cub 14. Acorn (Camp USS Escambia AO-80 (WWII) #21414 8167th Hospital (Japan 1951) #22264 CBMU-301 #14551 Allen. '45) #18342 USS Ethan Allen SSBN-608 #20484 1/9/104th Inf Div,3rd Arm'd Div,12th Volks- CBMU-512#18661 NAS Corpus Christi #12077 USS Extractor ARS-15 (Jan 45) #12173 grenadier, 47th VG (Ger WWII) #19945 CBMU-536/537 #18282 NASO/NAS Bermuda (All Yrs) #23488 USS Fabius ARV(A)-5/USS Aventinus ARV(E)-3 S06/507th QM Bn, 461 1/461 2th QM Truck, HQ & ComPhibRon-11 #14499 NAS Glenview (IL) Survivors #19166 #15416 Med Cos (PI) #10794 CUB-1/M0B-4 #18176 NAS Norman. NAHC (OK) #18243 USS Farquhar DE-139 #18316 3010/232/85th Ord Base Opt, 3106 Ord BAVM Co Escort Repair Base Trinidad (42/45) #12102 Naval Detachments: Mekong Delta. VN #23501 USS Fechteler DD-870 #13633 (Leghorn, Italy 45-47) #13642 Flying Midshipmen Assn (46-50) #17513 NAVMMACPAC () #20083 USS Finch DE/DER-328 (IncI CG WDE-428) 52/1 00/1 17/298th Gen Hospitals (Frenchay Hosp, FMF Grunt Corpsmen Assn #22545 Navy Competitive Shooters #19103 #17969 Eng) #11199 GRO-PAC 11: USNB 3150 () #21095 NOB 157 (Palermo. Sicily) #14805 USS FiredrakeAE-14#19193 972/991/881/160/82 Cos, 56/53rd Ord Grp (Flo- GRO-PAC 13 (Port Hueneme/HI 45) #21462 NRS Wailupe/Wahiawa NPM (41/45) #19896 USS Fogg DE-57 Assn #11863 rence, Italy, 45/47) #13641 Inshore Undersea Warfare Grp "lUWG" (VN) NTC Great Lakes: Boot Co 125 (Dec 40) #21793 USS Fort Mandan LSD-21 (Little Creek 1959) All Gen Hospitals (WWII/Korea) #23463 #21574 NTC Great Lakes: Boot Co 258 (42) #19105 #23380 Americal Oiv, 1st Int Div, 46th Rgt, 196/198 LIB, Intelligence Processing Systems Training Facility NTC Great Lakes: Boot Co 280 (71) #23483 USS Fox CG-33 #23014 E/HHC Cos (VN 68/69) #12079 (NIPSTRAFAC-IOIC) #22418 NTC Great Lakes: Boot Co 45-41 (41) #23472 USS Francis Marion APA/LPA-24g #21780 Americal Div, 26th Engr Bn (Hawk Hill, VN 70/71) LCF-27 Fire Support Grp #14530 NTC San Diego: Boot Co 53 (43) #23368 USS Galveston CLG-3 #17451 #12129 LC (FF) 656 (Japan) #19314 NTS Bainbridge: Boot Co 4701 (46/47) #12104 USS Gearing 00-71 0 #17383 ASA: 602nd Det #12126 LC1 1010 #22897 NTS Farragut: All Pers, Boots, Ships Co & Hospital USS General Wm A Mann AP-112/TAP-112 (43- ASTP/BTC. 5th Rgt. 2nd (Ft Benning Co 44) LCI 396 #12471 (lA/ll/MN/WI) #22909 66) #13503 #11422 LCI 677 #11365 NTS Sampson: Co 343, E Unit (43) #18270 USS Glacier AGB-4 Assn (All Years) #14868 Basic Training: Co E-10-3 (Ft Knox. Ky 65) #12090 LCI(G) 372 #11823 NTS Sampson: Co 417 (42/43) #18211 USS Great Sitkin AE-17#11596 CAC 4th CA Bn, 18th Camp Btry. USS Ringgold LCI (G) 404 (WWII) #23466 NTS Sampson: Co 420, F Unit (42) #18246 USS Guardfish SS-217 (SSN-612) #12174 (AMPS Panama PTO WWII) #22643 LCI (G) 450 #16772 NTS Sampson: Co 550. G Unit #14437 USS Haggard DD-5S5 (WWII) #17528 CBI Vets Assn (Midwest) #16477 LCI (G) 451 #13155 PC-1168 #12171 USS Hailey DD-556 (WWII/51-60) #18685 Class C6A: Central Radio School (Kansas City. 43) LCI (G)470 #18203 PC-1 210 #14870 USS Hampton APA-1 15 #13799 #12081 LCI (L) 228 (Vmil) #28438 PC-1217(Crew) #12137 USS Henrico APA-45 #17584 Combat Infantrymen's Assn (All CIS Holders) LCI (L) 343 (VI/WII) #28437 PC-1 235/558 #10856 USS Henry T Allen AP-30/APA-15/AG-90 (VlfWII) #11507 LCI(L) 443 #21686 PC-311 (1945/46) #14872 #13495 CTD-305 (Univ ot Arkansas) #14809 LCI (L) 601 (WWII) #14906 PC-569 #12116 USS Hermitage LSD-34 #21218 Far East Cmd Tokyo: GHQ, HSC, Staff Bn, C Co LCI (L) 646 #30090 PC-589 #14506 USS Heyliger DE-510 #11667 (APO 50) #16392 LCI (L) 686 #18614 PC-782 #14465 USS Hodges DE-231 #19454 Firebase Maryann C-1/46 Int. #21569 LCI (M) 740 #21799 RTC Great Lakes: BIdg "N" Dental (44/45) USS Hogan DMS-6 (DO-178) MinRon-2 #13593 HHC, 13th CAB (Can tho. VN 71) #12096 LCI Nat Assn #21615 #21797 USS Humboldt AVP-21/USCGC WAVP-372 HQ Co, Peninsular Base Section, MTOUSA LCI (R) 337 #18665 RTC Great Lakes: Co 1664 #14390 #11837 (Leghorn. Italy 44-47) #23503 LCS-14 (Okinawa Pckt Sta 10) #13371 RTC San Diego: Co 399 (52) #12103 USS Huntington CL-107 "Hogan's Goat " #13958

I Corps. Arty. Hq Btry #19807 LCS-25 (Okinawa Pckt Sta 10) #13372 RTC San Diego: Co 67-153 #14438 USS Ingersoll DD-652/990 #17572 Lodge Bills (All Branches. IncI 10th/77th SFG) LCS-83 (Okinawa Pckt Sta 10) #13373 SC-1011 #21809 USS Isherwood OD-520 #21159 #11333 LCS (L) 33 #18663 Scout & Raiders (Ft Pierce. WWII) #14717 USS Jenkins DD/ODE-447 #17561 LT-454 Tug (ATC-Los Angeles. Manila. Cairns. LCT-11 (ETO & Pacific) #13581 Seabee Island X-1-Seabee Veterans of America USS Kalinin Bay CVE-68 & VC-3 #18465

Sydney 1945) #12128 LCT-294 - 333 - 244 #18314 #18683 USS Karnes APA-1 75 #17670 MPs (Camp Gordon Johnston. WWII) #16159 LCT-34 Flotilla (Okinawa 45-47) #19531 SST-1/2/3. SS-204/205/163. Sub Sq 12 Staff USS Kenton APA-1 22 #10684

Nat l Guard (Luverne. MN) #16262 LSM-1 10 (WWII/Korea) #12010 #18466 USS Kidd DD-661 (Korea & Peacetime) #30073 OCS Arty Class (Ft Sill. 69) #23482 LSM-147 #18481 Swiftboat Sailors Assn (VN) #21959 USS Kidd DD-661 (WWII) #18433 OCS Class 5 (Ft Riley. 48) #16156 LSM-305 #18374 TAFFY III-77.4.3 #18523 USS Kittson APA-1 23 #14414 OCS Inf Class 42. 9th Student Bn. 91st Co (Ft Ben- LSM-378 #14472 Tin Can Sailors (KS/MO/IA/NE) #21810 USS Klondike AD-22 #14497 ning, 67) #12134 LSM-423 #12117 Tin Can Sailors Nat'l Convention #17785 USS Kula Gulf AKG/CVE-108 #17954 Ord Sections: MTOUSA/Porl Leghorn/Peninsular LSM-446 USS Launcher YV-2 #17754 Tin Can Sailors (NJ Chapt) #18677 USS Lance AM-257 #14447 Base Sec (Leghorn 44-47) #23500 LSM-463 #21800 USS Aaron WardDM-34 #13370 USS Lassen AE-3 #12024 Special Engr Det, Manhattan Project (42/45) LSM (R) 195 (Pckt Sta 10, Okinawa) #13374 USSAcree DE-167 #10239 Please turn page

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USS Latimer APA-1 52 (WWII) #10297 VP-57 Officers (52/54) #22578 #16761 7th Mar Div, 20th Engr, 3rd Bn (WWII) #12089 USS Lawrence C Taylor DE-415 #21434 VP-772 Navy Patrol Sq (Korea, 50) #13101 13th AF, 29th ASG (41-48) #16754 8A Supply Depot (Na Trang, VN) #20172 1-91 USS Leary DD/DDR-879 #13412 VP-92/91 4 #23490 15th AF, 484th Bomb Grp, 49th Bomb Wing 8th Def/AAA Bn (FMF-PAC VI/WII) #17159 Lexington USS CV-2 Club #18112 VPB-17 #19756 "Pathfinders" (Italy, WWII) #10404 9th Def/AAA Bus (WWII) #17143 USS Little DD-803 #13368 VS-25 #18255 16th/8th Weather Sqs #11364 10th Amphib Tractor Bn (WWII) #23481 Long Beach (CGN-9/AK-9/PF-34. IncI Mar) USS VS-2 D1/VS-5 04 #14401 17th Tow Target Sq (Wheeler Fid 44/45) #30134 Air Base Grp 24 #14325 #11534 VS-51 (S Pacific WWII) #22773 20th Air Depot Grp (All Sqs.) #16908 Barrage Balloon Sqs 1-6 (IncI School, WWII) USS Loy DE-160/APD-56 #18445 VS-721 Naval Air Reserve Recall #18204 (61) 20th Ftr Grp, 97th Serv Grp Assn #21435 #21727

USS Lubbock APA-1 97 #13126 VT-28 : USS Monterey CVL-26 #21825 24th Air Depot Grp (Guam 44/45) #22930 Basic Class 6-67 (67) #23467 USS Mackinac AVP-13 #14532 VW-2 #10142 42nd Bomb (H) Sq (WWII) #22795 Bn Landing Team 13 #22547 USS Mars AFS-1 (IncI Air Det) #23150 WAVES: NAS Barber's Point #14376 52nd Air Serv Grp, 86/72nd Air Serv Sqs (CBI, Boot Camp, Parris Isl, Pit 208 (48) #19677 USS Mehenta CVE-74 #14440 WAVES: NAS Memphis (WWII) #17940 WWII) #16809 Boot Camp, Parris Isl, Pit 281, 2nd Recruit Bn USS Mississippi (EAG-128) #19885 YIVIS-295 (44/45) #11440 57th Bomb Wing, 12/310/319/321/340 Bomb #21478 USS Montcalm ATO-39 #14501 YMS-70 (PI 43/44) #14873 Grps/308th Sig Wing (WWII) #16757 Boot Camp, Parris Isl, Pit 333 (43) #12086 USS Montgomery Way DE-787 #20090 YMSS-60 #14456 58th Bomb Wing, 444th Bomb Grp, 678th Bomb Embassy Det, Seoul, Korea (62-64) #11298 USS Munson #10770 YO-120 #21550 Sq (Deacon s Disciples) #14275 L-3-5 Guadalcanal Vets #22767 USS Murray DD/DDE-576 #17848 YRBMS (Mekong Delta, VN) #19029 63rd Airdrome Sq #13255 Marine Barracks (NAS Whidbey Island, WA) USS Nautilus SSN-571/SS-1 68 (WWII-80) 78th Air Serv Grp, Hq/Hq Sq #14273 #14326 #13921 94th Ftr Sq #12458 Mar OperTrng Grp 81 #17211 USS Navasota AO-106 #23499 136th Radio Security Det. #14835 MCRO San Diego: Pit 1048 (Nov 42) #14914 USS Nelson DD-623 #28280 1st AACS Sq (IVIobile, AL 53-58) #23478 1 49th Army Airways Comm Sys Sq #1 481 Mojave Desert Mar Assn: VMF-225/321/324/451/ USS Nespelen AOG-55 #19008 1st Radio Sq IVIbl (50-53) (aka 6/920th Security 211th AAF Base Unit, 433rd Air Serv Grp (Eng) 452/472/511-514 (42-59) #11714 USS New York BB-34 (IncI Mar, 14-48) #18294 Grp (53-deact, Japan) #23426 #12108 Mojave Desert Mar Corps Assn: VMO-251/351; USS Okanogan APA-220 (44-69) #14368 2nd Bomb Assn (2nd Bomb Grp WWII/2nd Bomb 241st AAF Base Unit: Fairmont AAFBU (Geneva AWS-8/12/13;AWRS-1 (42-59) #11709 USS Okinawa LPH-3 #11207 Wing SAC) #15135 NE, WWII) #11911 Mojave Desert Mar Corps Assn: VMSB-1 33/236/ USS Oklahoma BB-37 Survivors 12/07/41 Sinking 2nd Bomb Wing, 49th Bomb Sq (SAC, 47/63) 246th AAFBU (Pratt KS 43-45) #10710 332;VM0-254;CAS06/7 (42-59) #21035 (Mar/Navy) #14833 #14010 USS Oswald DE-767 #18299 305th Ftr. Maint, 305th Bomb Wing & 68th Air Mojave Desert Mar Corps Assn: VMTB 132/134/ 8th AF, 584th Tac Ctrl Grp #19822 USS Pasig AW-3 #18384 Recon Sq #14002 1 44/1 51/454/1 33/622/623/624 #1 1 727 9lh AF, 2nd Air Depot, 23rd Depot Rep Sq #20318 " USS Passumpsic AO-107 #21962 307th Bomb Grp (HV) Assn "The Long Rangers Mojave Desert Pers/AWS/AIr Sup Grp (WWII) 9th AF, 323rd Bomb Grp, 453rd Bomb Sq (WWII) USS Polana AKA-35 #14483 #13047 #19981 #10308 USS Preble 00-345/OM-20/DLG-15/DDG-46 313th TC Grp, 29th TC Sq (WWII) #14269 MP Guard Det (Mojave Desert WWII) #19980 9th Bomb Wing, 1st/5th/99th Sqs (51-55) #11340 #21522 322nd Bomb Grp, 450th Bomb Sq #15132 USS Mississippi EAG-128 (47-53, Mar Det) 10th AF (Richards-Gebaur AFB) #15202 USS Prometheus AR-3 (WWII) #11354 410th Bomb Grp Assn (WWII) #20298 #17236 20th Fid Maint Sq (Weathersfleld Eng, 59/63) USS Ranger CV/CVA-61 Assn (57-93) #17742 441st TC Grp, 99th TC Sq #16956 USS Wisconsin BB-64 (Mar Det, Commissioning #19879 USS Raton SSR-270 #22776 450th Bomb Grp (H) (WWII) #22308 44/45) #11957 31st Trans Grp (WWII) #19886 USS Renshaw DD/DDE-499 #11183 457th Bomb Grp (H) Assn (WWII) #20024 VMB-613 #17181 34th Air Refuel Sq (Offutt 58-66) #19963 USS Reuben James 00-245 Assn #10082 482nd Bomb Sq, Crew of B-29 "Bainbridge Belle"' VMF(N) AW Sq (WWII, Korea) #19094 44th Air Refuel Sq #10145 USS Ricard E Kraus (All Yrs) #23493 ( 44/45) #30128 VMSB-343 #17232 51st Ftr Grp (Korea) #14900 USS Richard P Leary DD-B64 #28287 483rd Bomb Grp (H) Assn (Italy, WWII) #14871 VMTB-134 #11669 62nd TC Wing/Mil Airlift Wing #15182 USS Rigel AR-11/AF-58 #18967 490th Bomb Sq "Burma Bridge Busters'" #21988 71st Spec Ops Sq, 17th Op Sq (VN) #21641 USS Roi CVE-103, 1st Oiv (WWII) #21637 504th Bomb Grp Assn (WWII) #20859 Rolf OE-362 90th SRW #18905 COAST GUARD USS #10946 509th Comp Bomb Grp (SP), 1395th MP Co Avn USS Rudderow OE-224 #19453 92nd Bomb Wing, 3920th Combat Supt Grp (SAC) #12177 AGC Flagship Alliance: WAGC 31-37 #22470 USS Russell DD-414 #18573 #14881 596th Strat. Air Wing Bn, A Co #12164 Coast Guard Air Reunion #17055 USS Salamaua CVE-96 (IncI Sq s VC-70/87) 96th Bomb Wing (56/63) B-47s #15148 658th School Sq, USMA (Stewart Field) #14032 Currituck Lighthouse Mounted Beach PtI Sta #18471 102nd AC&W Sq (48-65) #15060 833rd Guard Sq (Santa Ana AAB, CA) #16736 #14307 USS Salinas AO-19 #18254 123rd Air Cadets (Lackland AFB) #20011 1252th AAF Base Unit (Casablanca, Flying Pers, Horse/Jeep Patrol: High Island TX (41/45) USS San Juan CL-54 #17693 129th AC&W Sq (Tenn/N. Africa, 52/53) #22756 44/45) #14855 #12016 USS San Pablo Assn #22038 1 63rd Tac Ftr Sq (FANG 61 -91 ) #1 51 21 Avn Cadet Class 43-E #12088 Loran Station: /Caroline Isls/Anguar Isl USS Savage OE/OER-386 (IncI CG) #20982 317th CAMS, 317th Field Maint Sq (France, Avn Cadet Class 6, 6th Trng Det (Bucknell U, (54/55) #22644 USS Schmitt 0E-676/APD-76 #18188 59/64) #12368 43/44) #28329 LST-761 #12071 USS Sea Leopard SS-483 #22775 333rd Bomb Grp, 507th Bomb Sq #15061 Avn Cadet Class (Hawthorne Fid, Orangeburg SC, LST-792 (WWII) #19427 USS Severn AO-61 #14529 433rd Ftr Sqd "Satins Angels " #22759 41-45) #13434 PF-71 New Bedford (PtI Assn) #10114 USS Shaw 00-373 #18544 465th Bomb Grp, 782nd Bomb Sq #19903 Bergstrom Field (Austin, TX, All Branches, WWII) USCG Academy, Class of 46 #19972 USS Shelldrake AM-62 (1944/47) #11834 465th TC Wing (780th/781st/782nd Sqs) #20505 #23345 USCGC Campbell W-32/WMEC-909 (36-82) USS Shubrick 00-639 (WWII) #17881 511th AC&W, Site 34 (Shiriya Saki) #23018 BIytheville Weather Station #22518 #17059 USS Sirago SS-485 #22774 Tac Ftr (Bien 531st Sq Hoa 68/69) #10921 USCGC Casco WAVP-370 (49-69) #12307 USS Sirona AKA-43 (WWII) #22570 Cadet Class 43-A-1 (WWII) #16965 762nd Radar Sq (Clark Air Base & N. Truro) USCGC Mendota W-69 #14311 USS Smalley 00-565 (WWII/Korea) #17959 Crew 134 #19691 #14904 USCGC Modoc W-46 (N Atlantic Convoys, 41-45) USS Springfield Bluejackets CL-66/CLG-7/SSN- Detach 14, 909th QM Co #16745 825th (C) Def Sq "Hard Chargers " Assn (Little #17036 761 (IncI Mar) #18364 Kelly Field-Duncan Field Assn. (35-WWII) #17004 Rock AFB) #30052 USCGC Sassafras (WWII) #13359 USS Sumter APA-52 (WWII) #11084 Muroc Bombing Range. B&GD, 2nd Materiel Sq 880th AC&W Sq #20520 USCGC Sedge W-402 (WWII) #12175 USS Sunbird ASR-15 #14503 (33/43) #12182 2018th Ord Maint Co (AF) #22751 USCGC Winnebago W/WPG-40/USCGC Chau- USS Swift AM-122 #21834 Muroc Bombing Range. B&GO, 4th Air Base Grp 6925th Security Grp, Hq (USAFSS, San Francisco tauqua W-41 #17056 USS CVA/CVS-40 01 Division Vets League (33/43) #12183 64/65) #12082 Allentown PF-52, Escort Div (WWII) #23445 Muroc Bombing Range, B&GO, Avn Ord Depart USS 33 Alaska Def Command Reunion #21762 #17009 USS Ticonderoga CV/CVA/CVS-14/CG-47 Assn (33/43) #12184 Avn Cadets (Maxwell Fid, AL) #19520 USS Bath PF-55Assn #19168 (IncI Mar) #17791 Muroc Bombing Range. B&GD. US QM Corp-Orig JAG Vietnam Vets Bar Assn, Inc #22295 USS Ourant DE-389 (WWII) #10824 USS Token AM-126 #20252 March Fid (33/43) #12185 Pilot Class 45-A (Altus, OK) #19893 USS Ramsden 0E/DER-382/CGC WDE-482 USS Toledo CA-133/SSN-769 Assn #18031 Pilot Class 45-A (Enid AAFB) #16870 AO-88 #14431 Pilot Class 47-C #15110 #10808 USS Tomahawk Pilots AAC Enlisted Assn #16964 USS Tonawanda AN-89 #14510 RAF Chicksands Alumni Assn #15067 Rankin Field & Sequoia Field (Visalia/Tulare CA) Trippe OE-1075 (71-73) USAFSS COMSEC Vets Assn #15069 USS #23484 Reunion #21515 MERCHANT MARINE USS Turner DD/DDR-834 #13556 Rapid City Army Air Base: CNT Dept. #22752 USS Uhlmann 00-687 #20251 Sun (44/45) #11557 Royal Australian AF Assn (US Pilots/EmpI Trng USS Vesole OO/DOR-878 (WWII 45-76) #10041 ARMY AIR FORCES Scheme, WWII) #12170 USS Waterman OE-740 #17527 MISCELLANEOUS 1st Air Commando Assn (CBI WWII) #1 6850 Selman Field: Navigator School (42/46) #11619 USS Willard Keith 00-775 #19281 2nd Aircraft Repair Unit (Floating) #19214 American Alrpower Heritage Museum Symp USS Wm D Porter 00-579 #12143 3rd Bomb Grp, 89lh Attack Sq (IncI 8th & goth (WWII) #12800 USS Wrangell AE-12 Assn #21917 MARINES Attack Sqs, WWII) #16930 Anzio Italian Campaign: All Veterans #21832 USS Yakutat AVP-32 #20464 4th Composite Grp, Nichols Field, PI (41-44) 1st Mar Div, 11th Rgt, 0 Co (VIAIVII) #13247 Bridge at Remagen (All Troops) #19176 USS Yorktown (AG-9, VF/VT-24, VB-3) #11800 #23471 1st Mar Oiv, 1st Med Bn, Co #22968 Assn (IN) #14834 USS Yorktown VB/VT/VF's #11803 C CBI Vets 5th AF, 47th/479th Serv Sqs #21975 USS Young 00-580 (WWII) #12145 1st Mar Oiv, 5th Rgt, 1st Bn, D Co (67/68) Civilian Conservation Corps #1756 #12114 6th Night Ftr Sq #16960 USS Zane DMS-14/D0-337 #18119 #30003 Counter Measures Vets Assn #23492 VA-34 #23477 7lh AF, 13th Serv Grp, 489th Serv Sq (WWII) 1st Mar Oiv, 7th Rgt, 2nd Bn, F Co (Korea 52) Defense Communications Agency (HQ & All Units) VA-728/VA-155 (Korea 50-55) #18460 #22668 #10025 #18697

" " VB/VP/VPB-106/PB4Y-1/2 (WWII) #17759 7th AF, Brief Magazine Staff (Hickam Fid., HI 1st Mar Div, 7th Rgt, 3rd Bn "Ghost Bn " #17122 Iwo Jima Survivors Assn #14355 VC-12#23468 WWII) #30132 2nd Mar Oiv, 10th Rgt, 1st Bn, A Co #22766 "'Operation US Down Under" VC-32 TBM ' Sr" Sq, & VS-32 #14439 8th AF. 66th Ftr Sq #16758 2nd Mar Oiv, 2nd Mtr Tran Bn, B Co #17201 #22771 Vietnam Swift Boat Crew, PCF Boats (Washington. 8th AF Hist Society (MO Chapt) #12180 2nd Mar Oiv, 8tb Rgt, 3rd Bn (WWII) #22765 Polish Legion of American Vets (Post 207) DC) #19825 8th AF, Hq Cmmd. 417th Sig. Bn. #12110 3rd Mar Div, 9th Rgt, 1st Bn, A Co (Dewey Canyon, #20248 VP-102/HL-2/VP-22 (46-50), Privateers/Neptune, 9th AF, 50th/313th Ftr Grp #23476 69) #17214 Revisit Korea Tour #20447 CASU-2/45 (Guam/Hi) #19683 9th AF, 896th Sig Avn Depot Co (WWII) #10688 3rd Mar Div Assn #19722 STALAGS 9A/9B/9C Assn (POWs in Ger) #22772 VP-44 (Pacific 41-43) #12108 13th AAF, 1655th Ord MM Co, 1038th A&M Sq 4th Mar Oiv, 4th Mar Engr, B Co #17115 The Rhodesian Veterans Assn #13030

50 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 Prostate Problems are WPOMG!a Man's Disease-Right? Prostate problems affect men physically but affect both men & women emotionally! Most Men Lose Their Sexual Ability Due To Prostate Disorders!

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PLEDGE LETTERS THENENTWAR Continued from page 20 Continued from page 8 Continued from page 3

cy of both the classes and the masses; I want to express my great admira- to make right the master of might; to tion and respect for the doctors and U. That doesn't say much for promote peace and good will on earth; nurses who for many months did so those who subscribe to the Mutually to safeguard and transmit to posterity much to ensure that I received the best Assured Destruction theory. the principles of justice, freedom and possible medical care for my condition. A You need something more than a democracy; to consecrate and sanctify My doctors spent a lot of time in philosophy to survive. You need our comradeship by our devotion to treating my condition and, in the end, weapons of a defensive nature. The mutual helpfulness. seeking additional advice on the best lesson from this war scenario is not The Preamble has stood the test of way to perform surgery and give me only have we let our military capabili- time; it remained unchanged until 1942 the greatest chance for reasonable reha- ties go by, but we also have gutted our when a single letter—not a word—was bilitation. The nurses never failed to strategic and intermediate defenses added. The word "War" became treat me with the utmost respect and against nuclear threats. "Wars" as Americans once again were patience; I am sure my lengthy pres- drawn to the battlefield in defense of ence among them tested their good Q. It seems, however, that the freedom. tempers greatly. Strategic Defense Initiative isn't few months before his death in something the Bush Clinton A My service to our country was no and early 1 99 1 , Fish talked about the mean- administrations pursued with much more remarkable than that of many ing of the Preamble. "It contains five of vigor. Given the current political other veterans. Even so, the treatment I the most important words to me God, climate in Washington, how realistic — received at the hands of these fine doc- country, the Constitution, peace and is it that we could deploy a workable tors and nurses made me feel like Pres- freedom that should unite all Ameri- strategic defense? — ident Eisenhower rather than a man cans. These are the words to which I Congress passed the Missile from the ranks. A have devoted my life. I always have Defense Act that requires the Tony L. Carr Sr. been proud of my role in helping forge Chief Executive to proceed with such a North Augusta, S.C. our statement of purpose and being." defense, but the president has refused to do that. Some members of Congress Encouraged are seeking legal action to force the government to comply with the act. AM a 100 percent disabled Vietnam The American It's important that we have a strate- I veteran, and I recently came across gic defense to counter ballistic missile Legion Extension an article on financial aid and schol- threats. Technically, it's doable now arships in THE AMERICAN LEGION Institute but research needs to be ongoing. Magazine. son is an engineering My Most important, we need to get out The Extension student at Wright State University in Institute was from under the Anti-Ballistic Missile Dayton (and doing excellently), but he developed to provide Treaty [signed in 1972 by the United every member of The has been preparing to drop out of States and the Soviet Union, renounc- American Legion, school and help with the family ing the deployment of anti-ballistic American Legion finances since my cancer re-occurred. Auxiliary and Sons of missiles in both nations, but allowing The American Legion Since your article, I've contacted a each nation to build one system to pro- an opportunity to learn and Department of Ohio service director, tect a single target. The Soviets discover the rich history, programs, and his prompt answers, assistance deployed such a system in the 1970s poUcies, developments, positions and and encouragement have helped my to future goals of our organization. protect Moscow; the United States whole family. has nothing in place]. Some circles in You can order a single set for your own Dale L. use, or multiple sets at reduced cost for Radford politics, science and academia argue use with study groups, fundraisers, Urbana, Ohio strongly against our having a strong membership incentives, etc. Graduates defense against missile attack—and receive a cap patch and certificate. it's unwarranted. Correction 1-3 sets ^10.00 ea. 4-24 sets ^9.00 ea. THOUGHT [Requiem For Heroes, Q. You also detail a scenario of 25 or more sets ^8.00 ea. I January 1997] was not only an inter- how a war could break out between (Prices include siiipping & iiandling) esting article but also a necessary the United States and Japan, one of one in the sense that some grave injus- our strongest allies today. How Mail Order and Remittance To:

Extension Institute tices against African-American soldiers could this situation evolve? National Emblem Sales, Dept. D sorely needed exposure and correction. Alt's possible to conceive of an P.O. Box 1050 But there is no St. Marks, Idaho. It aggressive trade war with Japan Indianapolis, IN 46206 is St. Maries. I think the honor awarded that heightens economic and political OR CALL TOLL-FREE 1st Lt. Vernon J. Baker is significant tensions in that country. As a result, 1-888-4LEGI0N enough that he deserves to have his extremist politicians come to power in (1-888-453-4466) town correctly identified. Tokyo as that nation's economy con- VISA & iVIasterCard orders only William A. Free tinues to deteriorate. Perhaps a more Caldwell, Idaho Please turn page

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view it. I think this left a large number Also, we should broaden and THENEKTWAR of Americans with the impression that perfect our human intelligence capa- our armed forces could beat anybody bilities so as to understand what's Continued from page 52 on the block in any situation; there- going on in the minds of leaders in fore, a perception that our military is countries who pose a threat to us or free-trade policy by Washington could OK the way it is, and there is no rea- might at some later point. It's always help avoid this situation, combined son for further strengthening of it. better to anticipate what might happ- with a closer military relationship with One of the things we had going for pen rather than to react. Japan. Also, the continued downsizing us is that we had a long period of time of the U.S. military presence in the to prepare for the war in the gulf. We Pacific could result in a vacuum for don't have the air- and sea-lift capabil- Japan's expansion in that area. ities to do that now. We don't have the LIFE MEMBERSHIPS level of forces in Europe that we did Q. The shot heard around the in 1990 and 1991. We don't have the Life Membership notices are published for Legion- naires who have been awarded Life Mennberships by their world in this situation, ironically, ongoing research and development in Posts.

begins with a mouse dick, as Japan weapons systems needed to deal with Life IVIembership notices must be submitted on official forms which may be obtained sending launches a pre-emptive "cyber- future threat. by a self-ad- dressed, stamped envelope to: Life Memberships, The strike," targeting the disruption of American Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, America's defense and financial Q. Some $30 billion in defense dol- IN 46206. computer networks with logic lars has been earmarked for envi- John Marino (1996) Post 1066, Massapeova, NY. bombs and viruses. How likely is ronmental cleanup, road-building Kenneth H. Rexroad (1996) Post 180, Rosedale, MO. Jacob J. Kaelbli (1996) Post Bartow, FL. this? other non-military uses. 3, and What Ralph Karabec (1997) Post 488, Monroe, NY. Alt's conceivable. While the United do such projects have to do with Earl D. Ellis, Marty Gibbs (1996) Post 64, Marietta, OH. David M. Luce Post Dansville, States has invested heavily in defending our nation? (1996) 87, NY. Harlan Pierce (1996) Post 3, Nashua, NH. computer technology in this decade, A I wrote a column about this sub- Charles Palazzolo (1996) Post 980, Bellrose, NY. there hasn't been much done to gener- ject in Forbes a while back. The Charles Goscinski (1996) Post 334, Floral Park, NY. Ralph Colon (1996) Post 157, Margate, FL. ate defensive systems to protect our examples you cite and others are good Robert H. Curry, Dallas V. Burns, Michael Lovria information networks. and worthwhile projects, but they have (1996) Post 576, LeRoy, NY. Bill Buck (1995) Post 72, Warrenton, VA. to nothing do with national security Edward Dauster (1996) Post 72, Warrenton, VA. Q. The Clinton administration has and protecting our interests. Some Frank Nocerito (1997) Post 103, Douglaston, NY. Alexander Jefferson, Richard Macon (1996) Post 375, maintained that even with the view the military as a large savings Detroit, Ml. downsizing of our military and bank, and people on Capitol Hill who Lory Buccola, James G. Bowers, Lenora L. Oliver, John T. Nelson, Edward Moore, Osmond Howard decreased defense spending, the want to pursue a project but don't (1996) Post 556, Frewsburg, NY. United States still has the capability want to appropriate the money for it Orbin Wampler, William Booth (1996) Post 8, Winter Haven, FL. of waging two regional conflicts take it out of the Defense Department Kenneth Harrison (1996) Post 210, Anita, lA. "nearly simultaneously," as the late budget. It's peculiar though, some of Raymond L. Ballard, Charles A. Kee, Johnny H. Defense Secretary Les Aspin once these same people are the first ones to Vaughn (1995) Post 75, Crestview, FL. James L. LaShure (1997) Post 110, Virginia Beach, VA. described it. you agree? clamor that we spend too on Do much Conrad V. Brausam, Edwin J. Pospischil (1997) Post That's what we ought to have. defense—except when it comes to 288, South Belott, IL. A Charles P. Piazza (1996) Post 1634, West Babylon, NY. But the key here is that we should projects in their own areas. None of Dillon J. McDermott (1996) Post 98, Rochester, NY. be able to fight two major regional this is new. T. J. Harris (1996) Post 42, Graceville, FL. conflicts simultaneously—not near- Raymond Barrett (1996) Post 586, Adams, NY. Arthur Youngs Jr. (1996) Post 035, Albion, NY. ly —and to win them both. I don't Q. How might we avoid the next think we have the capability of doing war? that now. It's absolutely useless to talk A First, let's take a look at where about waging war nearly simultane- we are now and where we are IN SEARCH OF... ously in two regions when you don't heading. The Pentagon is spending have the forces to back you up. We're less on new weapons and equipment This column is for readers searching for groups of vet- erans for purposes other than forming a reunion (use approaching a point when we won't than at any time in the last 40 years. VETS' column) or to find witnesses to verify VA health even be able to perform the way we Military personnel will be cut by a claims (use COMRADES IN DISTRESS column). No notices seeking information about relatives or friends will did in the Gulf War. That force is third by 1999. Our projected defense be published. Notices are published free, on a space- nearly gone. budgets will account for less than 3 available basis. If a notice does not appear within six percent of our Gross Domestic Prod- months of submission, please resubmit.

Q. You have described the United uct by 1999, less than any time since Army service personnel who served in the South Pacif- States as suffering from "victory 1940. We must reverse these and other ic in 1943-1945, in particular on Guadalcanal, Depot #194. Contact: Carl Chapman, 2124 Charles St., disease" following our success in the dismal trends. Portsmouth, OH 45662-4704. Persian Gulf War. What do you In the past, the United States was Any Vietnam veteran who has photos of the 101st ABN and 5th SF. Contact: Tony West, PC Box 900, mean by this? able to prevail against military threats Portage, Wl 53901. The conduct of Operation Desert by spending our way through danger, Information about a WWII Navy tattoo in the shape of A the Omega or "ohm" symbol. Contact: Charles I. Storm went very well. New high- but that approach no longer is possi- Lutz, e-mail address: [email protected]. tech weapons systems worked as they ble. Ballistic missiles and other such Anyone from the 1052 QM Service Group from WWII. F. Kania, 2159 W. were designed to during the air phase weapons have changed that equation. Contact: Edward Polski or John Caton St., Chicago, IL 60647. of the war. Our troops performed like Some of these weapons were sold by Survivors of attack on off Cher- the professionals they are, and our Russia following the collapse of the bourg, France, on Christmas Eve, 1944, for film doc- umentary. Contact: Lawrence Bond, 5024 Chantilly ground forces drove Saddam Hussein Soviet Union and now be in the may Dr., , OH 45238-5707. out of Kuwait in less than 100 hours, a hands of rogue nations and enemies of Please turn to page 60

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vouch for the accuracy of any final re- denied our troops were exposed to port from the DoD." chemical agents during the war. How- DoD has promised its own investi- ever, in mid 1996, they slightly gation into what happened to the logs changed their tune. Continued from page 24 and of other controversial problems. DoD now admits that perhaps

While the Pentagon boasts of doing 2 1 ,000 American GIs were exposed to "This is of great concern because all it can to step forward with all infor- airborne chemical agents when Army the loss of classified information is a mation regarding chemical deploy- engineers destroyed an ammo dump in criminal offense under the National Se- ments and detections, those steps have March 1991 at Khamisiyah in southern curity Act," asserted Puglisi, who come only under pressure from the Le- Iraq. heads the Legion's Persian Gulf War gion, certain members of Congress and During the war, many units in for- Veterans' Task Force. "Only indepen- the ailing men and women of Opera- ward areas with chemical-detection dent investigators with subpoena pow- tion Desert Storm. Since the end of the equipment sounded alarms, forcing ers and without a vested interest can war, DoD officials consistently have troops to gird themselves in bulky pro- tection suits and masks. Puglisi repeated the Legion's long- standing demand that the government begin collecting and preserving tissue samples from veterans who served in the theater. It's a natural fact. If you are a male over 40 and can dramatically shrink the prostate and The Legion contends that future don'l already suffer from a prostate gland improve urinary pertbmiance in older men. medical breakthroughs might enable disorder, the odds are 2 to I that you will before The most modem apphcation of these healthy researchers to determine if troops were you are 59. By the age of 65, most American ingredients is found in Prostsafe® fi-om exposed to chemical and biological men have enlarged prostates. Whitewing Labs. Prostsafe is the nutritional agents. As the years pass, mild discomforts can become "tool kit" for men with benign prostate Meanwhile, the Department of Vet- disabling. Today, prostate surgery is the second problems, and those who wish to prevent them. erans' Affairs also is taking heat for its most commonly performed suigery for non- It is a mixture ofzinc, serenoa sermlata, ginseng, foot-dragging in studying the effects of cancerous BPH in men over age 65! Some certain amino acids, bee pollen and vitamins A, low-level exposure to chemical agents. surgical complications can result. B-6 and E. These ingredients have been shown In testimony before the House panel, Prescription dmgs may halt the swelling, but to help shrink a swollen prostate. VA public health officers admitted many prescription dmgs may also have side such research had been a low priority elfects. Many doctors feel that disorders ofBPH Dr. Leslie Atterbury until revelations of the incident at can be treated or prevented by giving the Khamisiyah leaked out. One VA offi- III, M.D., says prostate gland the nutrition it lacks. cial said it relied almost entirely on the "Prostsafe supplies Recent scientific research has shown how to Pentagon for its information. essential vitamins, remedy the underlying problems associated But that excuse apparently wasn't minerals with disorders of BPH ~ safely and etfectively. and herbs good enough for Congressman

These results have been published in the British needed to nourish Christopher Shays, who chairs the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and the and maintain a House subcommittee. "You didn't lis-

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MARCH 1997 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • |jj CIA superiors in July 1994, recom- ton Times. Eddington says the agency mending the agency review its earlier found no wrongdoing on his part. SECRET CASUALTIES findings. With great reluctance and the per- "My immediate supervisor was quite ceived reality that their careers were all Continued from page 35 upset that I had been looking into the is- but over, the Eddingtons turned in their sue at all. Only my assurance to him that resignations to their CIA bosses last Oc- congressional Office of Technology As- it had not interfered with my regular du- tober. "It was something I didn't want to sessment, said declassified logs of the ties prevented me from getting into hot do, but the handwriting was on the 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions and the water." wall," says Patrick Eddington. "It was a Army's 101st Airborne Division indi- In the meantime, the Eddingtons difficult decision personally—for both cated numerous detections of gas and continued to sift through the informa- of us." mustard agents, and that chemical muni- tion and search for more evidence to The Eddingtons have since finished tions were frequently discovered in support their claims. They waited for a writing a book about his probe. Gassed abandoned Iraqi bunkers and vehicles. response from the agency and learned In The G////' (Insignia Publishing, Suite Tucker, who was a member of the from another analyst about the status of 535, 1429 G St., NW, Washington, DC United Nations chemical and weapons the report. "This person informed us the 20005, (800) 606-BOOK #2665). inspection team in Iraq after the war, agency was determined to debunk the Robin Eddington has since gone to says Iraq possessed a veritable killer information." work for a private defense contractor; gumbo of chemical weapons: hundreds Patrick remains unemployed. of tons of mustard agents and four types ANGERED and disappointed after Meanwhile, the CIA and DoD have of nerve agents—sarin, tabun, GF and learning about the CIA's alleged been trying to defuse the explosive ac- VX, not to mention tens of thousands of stonewalling on the issue, Patrick counts that they have concealed infor- liters of biological agents which were Eddington went public with his con- mation about chemical exposures and loaded into Iraqi bombs and the war- cerns. On Dec. 7, 1994, a letter that per- other claims made by the Eddingtons. In heads of Al-Hussein missiles, an ex- haps will live in infamy, was published a rare news conference in late 1 996, the tended-range Scud. If such weapons in The Washington Times. Writing as a CIA responded: "Their findings just did were used, even just a few, why then citizen and not as a CIA insider, Ed- not pass peer review," said CIA weren't there massive and widespread dington said the government was insti- spokesman David Christian, referring to deaths and casualties among coalition gating a "cover-up" about the extent to an internal review of the Eddingtons re- forces? which U.S. forces were exposed to port. "To label a difference of opinion "Iraqi military planners recognized chemical agents in the Persian Gulf. He [as a coverup] is just unfair, illogical that it is more disruptive to the enemy to suggested the DoD was "negligent and and plain wrong." injure and debilitate rather than to kill, obstructionist" on the issue of health DoD also has gone on the defensive. because dead soldiers require less atten- problems suffered by gulf veterans. "The Pentagon has nothing to hide, and tion and resources than wounded ones," A few months later, the Eddingtons I think that's clear from our perfor- Tucker says. were asked to brief CIA officials about mance in the past several months," said Patrick Eddington says there are two their findings. Shortly after that, Patrick DoD spokesman Kenneth Bacon in an grim and compelling reasons why the Eddington was asked to give a similar Oct. 31, 1996, news conference. "We government would stonewall on the briefing to a former top general of the have been aggressive in releasing infor- chemical exposure issue. First, in his Amiy's 7th Corps deployed to the gulf. mation. We have no evidence that Iraq own research, he says he found U.S. "I ran into a buzzsaw before I started my used chemical or biological weapons in military documents revealing that some briefing," Eddington recalls. "He told the Gulf War... The Iraqis themselves of the Iraqi chemical weapons found me I didn't have a case and was stirring said they did not use chemical weapons bore the markings of having been pro- up trouble for no good reason. End of in the war." duced by U.S. firms—agents and com- case." Indeed, Iraq seems a strange source ponents that might have been sold to In October 1995, Eddington was al- to cite as credible. Wasn't it Saddam Iraq during its war with Iran. lowed to give a classified briefing at Hussein—who denies using chemicals Second, is a matter of military re- CIA headquarters in Langley, Va., be- in the war with Iran—who gave the or- solve on the battlefield. When Hussein fore Jonathan Tucker and Holly Gwin, ders to unleash a killer chemical attack threatened to let loose with a barrage of members of the Presidential Advisory against Kurdish toddlers and mothers as chemical weapons on the eve of the war, Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Ill- a means to deal with unruly rebels in his the United States and its allies said the nesses. Some of that information was own country? response would render Iraq a battered expected to be included in its final re- And isn't this the same crowd that wasteland. port, which, at press time, had not been stonewalled for time and harangued "In other words, if you accept that made public. When contacted by THE U.N. inspectors assigned to weapons Iraq got away with gassing our people, AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE, the sites in Iraq? what kind of message does this send to committee declined to comment on the As for Patrick and Robin Eddington, rogue nations such as Iran, North Korea preliminary findings or details of its re- their preferred sources are the thousands and Syria? Eddington says. "We're an port. of Americans who put their lives on the open target in future conflicts because The Eddingtons' work apparently line in the Persian Gulf six years ago. we are perceived as weak and unwilling was gnawing at the nerves among some "I'm a veteran and it hurts me to think to live up to [threats of] retaliation." CIA brass. Patrick Eddington says he that—my God—these are my fellow Anned with documents and other in- learned in early 1996 that he was the tar- veterans who are suffering from a vari- telligence gathered during his own get of a criminal investigation by the ety of illnesses related to their service. probe of chemical usage in the gulf, CIA, seeking to determine if he had It's criminal if our government is fol- Patrick Eddington took the logical step. leaked classified information with the lowing a deliberate path of turning its He presented the information to his publication of his letter in The Washing- back on them."

• THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • MARCH 1997 IjD . . ,

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MARCH 1997 • THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • IN SEARCH OF... TAPS

Continued from page 54 Taps notices are limited to only those Legionnaires HEARING AIDS wtio have held high National or Department offices We Service Unit the Members of 1262nd Command and regret that we cannot extend the honor to all members 613th Military Police Escort Guard Co., U.S. Army, uPTo 60% SAVINGS serving at Fort Dix, N.J., in 1945 for film documen- Jerome P. Dobel, MO, Nat l Dist. Guests Comm. (1952- tary. Contact: Douglas N. Smith, 5988-102 Jake 54, 1958-62, 1964-65), Nat l M&PA Comm. (1954-55), Sears Circle, Virginia Beach, VA 23464. 30-DAY Nat l Life Ins. and Trust Commission (1967-71, 1974- Information regarding relationship between Gl Bill 77), Nat l Life Ins. and Trust Commission Vice Chmn. TRIAL education payments and college tuition costs. Con- (1977-83), NEC (1970-74), Nat l Sec. Commission tact: LTC Don Spaulding, PO Box 7563, Denton, TX Liaison Comm. (1970-71), Nat l Economic Commis- 76203. TRY

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• • 1997 61) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE MARCH "

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MARCH 1997 - THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • —

Light Up Their Lives An explorer was captured by ferocious natives in the jungle. As they prepared to kill him he came up with the idea of doing something to impress them. They might think he was some kind of god and let him live. Whipping out his cigarette lighter, he

flicked it, and it lit. The natives backed away. A murmur went through their ranks. The chief approached the explorer and said, "That's amazing. We never saw a lighter work the first time!"

For Whom the Schoolbell Tolls Always remember, as you go out to seek your fortune, your fame, your fulfillment it's not who you know in this world that counts, it's whom.

Fancy Bool(-Learnin' The college graduate, fresh from the state agricultural school, was checking out the farm on which he was going to do some 'That's the third one I've killed this month!' experimental work. The old-fashioned methods in use made him laugh. Pointing to a tree, he said smugly to the farmer, "With Right Your Congressman the watering pattern you're using, I can't A banker, an electrician and a congress- imagine how you could get three pounds of man were taking an IQ test. When answer- apples from that tree." The farmer said, I ing the question, "What word describes the don't get any—it's a pear tree!" problem of outflow exceeding inflow?" The banker wrote, "Overdraft." The electrician wrote, " Overload." The congressman wrote, Boston Commoners "What problem?" Two ladies from Boston were visiting on a very warm day. "It never gets this hot in Boston," said the first lady, But Enough About Me... fanning herself. "Of course not," said the Bores speak mostly in the first person, a other. "But you have to remember, we're gossip in the third and a good conversation- 3,000 miles from the ." alist in the second.

Dimwits Two boys were playing with a flashlight.

One turned on the beam, aimed it at the ceil- ing and dared the other boy to climb up to the top. The second boy said, "You can't

trick me. As soon as I get to the top, you'll

turn it off!"

Laughing Stock Those who can't laugh at themselves leave the job to others.

Parting Shots jokes are courtesy of Mil- ton Berle's Private Joke File of 10,000 jokes, available on computer disk for $29.95, plus $3 shipping and handling. For ordering information, call 1-800- 'It's hard to believe they used to 'rock MILTIE-B. around the clock.'"

• • 1)4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE MARCH 1997 '

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