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Municipal Development and Urbanization in Mozambique

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Municipal Development and Urbanization in Mozambique Municipal Development IN MOZAMBIQUE: LESSONS FROM THE FIRST DECADE MunicipalMunicipal DevelopmentDevelopment inin MOZAMBIQUE LESSONS FROM THE FIRST DECADE Municipal Development in Mozambique: Lessons from the First Decade 1 Table of Contents Acronyms ……………………………………………………………………………….6 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Urbanization and Municipal Development in Mozambique ...................................................................................................................11 1.1 Objective........................................................................................................11 1.2 “Urban” and “Municipal” in Mozambique....................................................11 1.3 A Brief Socio-Economic Profile of Municipalities in Mozambique .............15 1.4 Rationale and Key Questions of the Study ....................................................17 1.5 Structure of the Study ....................................................................................19 1.6 Outline of the Study.......................................................................................21 Annex 1.2 Population by Municipality in Mozambique. 1997 and 2007 estimates...........28 Chapter 2 The Legal and Institutional Context for Urban and Municipal Development ...................................................................................................................30 2.1 The Legal and Institutional Context for Urban Governance in Mozambique30 2.2 The Legal and Policy Framework for Organization of Urban Services ........37 2.3 Analysis and Recommendations for Improving the Performance of Urban Governance and Management Institutions in Mozambique.............................................55 Chapter 3 Urban Governance and Planning...............................................................68 3.1 Introduction: Objective and Methodology.....................................................68 3.2 Main Findings and Challenges.......................................................................69 3.3 Recommendations..........................................................................................79 Chapter 4 Municipal Public Finances..........................................................................96 4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................96 4.2 Main Findings ................................................................................................96 4.3 Main Challenges ..........................................................................................113 4.4 Recommendations........................................................................................117 Chapter 5 Urban Poverty and Rural-Urban Linkages.............................................125 5.1 Introduction: Objective and Methodology...................................................125 5.2 Main Findings ..............................................................................................127 5.3 Main Challenges ..........................................................................................147 5.4 Recommendations........................................................................................150 Chapter 6 Urban Land Management.........................................................................154 6.1 Introduction..................................................................................................154 6.2 Main Findings ..............................................................................................154 6.3 Main Challenges ..........................................................................................165 6.4 Recommendations........................................................................................175 2 Chapter 7 Water Supply and Sanitation in Urban Areas ........................................181 7.1 Objective and Methodology.........................................................................181 7.2 Some Basic Definitions................................................................................181 7.3 Technology Choice ......................................................................................182 7.4 Current and Future Access to Service Delivery...........................................183 7.5 Legal Framework.........................................................................................185 7.6 Existing Institutional Framework — Water supply.....................................187 7.7 Existing Institutional Framework — Sanitation ..........................................193 7.8 New Institutional Developments..................................................................195 7.9 Financial Assessment...................................................................................199 7.10 Key Challenges ............................................................................................209 7.11 Current Operations.......................................................................................217 7.12 Conclusion ...................................................................................................220 Chapter 8 Solid Waste Management..........................................................................224 8.1 Introduction, Concepts and Methodology....................................................224 8.2 Main Findings and Key Challenges.............................................................227 8.3 Recommendations........................................................................................239 8.4 Best Practices...............................................................................................243 Chapter 9 Lessons Learned.........................................................................................251 9.1 Introduction: Objective and Methodology...................................................251 9.2 Main Findings ..............................................................................................253 9.3 Key Challenges ............................................................................................278 9.4 Recommendations........................................................................................285 Annex 9.1 Key lessons learned from municipal experiences in the last 10 years — Quality of practices by sectors and sub-sectors considered ........................................................290 Annex 9.2 Key lessons learned from municipal experiences in the last 10 years — Good practices 293 Chapter 10 Conclusions and Guidelines for Action....................................................297 10.1 An Urbanizing Country................................................................................297 10.2 The Role of Municipalities in Good Governance and Local Development.297 10.3 The Underlying Constraints Facing Municipalities.....................................300 10.4 Integrated Service Delivery .........................................................................323 10.5 Proposed Roles and Responsibilities: A Way Forward ...............................329 Annex 10.1 Role of actors: The underlying municipal system......................................332 Annex 10.2 Role of actors: Integrated Service Delivery ...............................................339 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................341 List of Authors................................................................................................................350 3 List of Tables Table 1.1 Population Estimates by Area of Residence, 1997 and 2007 ........................13 Table A1.1 Classification of cities based on MAE’s criteria............................................24 Table A1.2 Classification of Urban Areas Based on INE’s Criteria ................................26 Table 4.1 Evolution of Municipal Transfers as a Proportion of Fiscal and Total Revenues (Thousands of Mt, Nominal Terms).....................................................104 Table 4.2 Horizontal Allocation of Transfers ..............................................................106 Table 4.3 Budget Composition, All Municipalities, 2007–08 .....................................110 Table 5.1 Population and Poverty in Selected Municipalities and their Provinces .....128 Table 6.1 Access to Land in Four Bairros of Maputo..................................................160 Table 6.2 Access to Land in Maputo and Matola ........................................................160 Table 6.3 Access to Land In Urban Mozambique .......................................................161 Table 6.4 Innovative Projects from 2000 onwards ......................................................164 Table 6.5 Status of Structure Planning.........................................................................172 Table 7.1 Summary of Current Access to Services (2006)..........................................184 Table 7.2 Division of Population Served by Different Operator Types ......................189 Table 7.3 Division of Investment Management Responsibilities ................................190 Table 7.4 Institutional and Operational Summary of 6 Systems Run by Municipal Councils ...................................................................................................192 Table 7.5 Roles of the Institutions Involved in Urban Sanitation................................195 Table 7.6 Increase in potential
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