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MOZAMBIQUE Priority Requirements for the Period 1988-1989

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UNITED NATIONS ' 3ol OFFICE FOR EMERGENCIES IN AFRICA THE EMERGENCY SITUATION IN MOZAMBIQUE Priority requirements for the period 1988-1989 " " JALGERIA ~UbIYAN 03 ARABJAMMANVA EGYPT MAURITANIA CAN CL MALI NIGERT CHAD a,,m. SUDAN• NIGERIA / 1144"16904 IVR ETHIOPIA cow . ec AR GANN OI AA IW r Z AIR I IN ~~ ~ ~ NTDCOLBRAINWIHTE~~AGLAIN THE DUMEC SIT TICK IN MDZAMBIOUE Priority Requirements fr the Period 1988 - 1989 jmm~~mm UNITED REPUBIC OF TNAI ,0<,.N.S o oOEA ,~w o+. =-+ADO:. ; .-.,,-b ,u C.mb mw tNo - , .a m ,. 0 M4656 Nd To 0 0 "rm •~ Isliu iC iNO.b01 PAhr CI'Et B3 ND ....... ... • •• •• •• •..•• 1 - 92 3 I. THE CJRREI EKERGEF2 SI M'ICN IN NZAM IU..o....... 1 - 21 4 II. RwEw c' THE 1987 APPL.. ................ 22 - 40 10 A. pregaration,paclvoud, setting........ 22 - 24 10 B. Requirements and donor response.......... 25 - 26 10 C. Response by sector ..................... 27 - 33 11 D. Gaps, sbortcmxings, lessons learned ..... 34 - 40 12 III. MAIN CIARACEISTICS OF THE 1988-1989 APPEAL.. 41 - 55 15 A. Methodology for preparation of the Appeal............................... 41 - 45 15 B. Strategy of the Government: systematic linking of emergency and rehabilitation activities............ 46 - 47 16 C. mIancement of management capacity at provincial and district levels........ 48 - 50 16 D. Strengthening the country's transport infrastructure .............. ... 51 - 53 17 E. Improved outreach and distribution capacity through the use of national religious institutions and national rxn-governmental organizations (NOe).... 54 - 55 18 IV. EXISTIN MEMPMAISMS FOR EMERM= MW MME AND CO-ORDIWATON.. I....... ...... 56 - 57 19 A. Goverrmnet............................. 56 19 B. nited Nations system ................... 57 21 V. WS1AW. CF 1988-1989 RIRI ,S Of SB=&OR.......... ... •.............. 58 - 93 23 A. Institutional support.................... 58 - 60 23 B. Food-aid request ..............6966... 6.... 61 - 64 24 C. Logistics requirements.................... 65 - 69 25 D. The agricultural sector.,...... ........ 70 - 73 26 E. The health sector........................ 74 - 77 27 F. Drinking-water supply programme.......... 78 - 80 28 G. The primary education sector ..... ........ 81 -83 28 H. Relief and survival items................ 84 - 88 29 I. Resettlement programme for Mbzambican returnees..................... 89 - 90 29 J. Non-governmental organization (NGO) proposals ............. ....... •.... 91 - 93 30 VI. FINANATABLEo....... .s...- ...... ..... ......... 31 -i­ arapa PAR! TWO: 1988-1989 EMERENCY ASSISTAN"E 949.4 ......­ ..........712 33 I0 I! fT 0rIOA .............. 94 - 115 A. c oundand justification........ 94- 101 33 B. Project proposals..,.............. 102 - 115 34 119 FOO= I................ 116 - 157 38 A. acground............ 0.....0.... 116 - 123 38 B. Current health status of the population ....... ........ 0....... 124 39 C. Cereal production estimates for crop year 1987/88....................... 125 - 127 40 D. Fbod-aid request for 198/89....... 128 - 130 40 E. Food Bank Scheme: Proposal for Food Assistance Utilization in Support of the Eoncmic Rehabilitation Programme in .ombique.................. ... 135 - 157 45 II. WGISTICS RMJIREMEN........... ....O.. 158 - 186 50 A. General constraints.............. 158 50 B. Present situation....... 159 - 186 50 Annexes A. Lzogistics budget sumary ............................ 57 B. Provincial distribution plan.......................... 60 C. Estimated tonnages to be handled by ports.......o............ - ii ­ Paraa Pae IV. AGRICULTURAL RMUIREMERMI............... 187 - 391 112 A. Backgroun d.......................... 187- 193 112 B. Proposed programme for 1988- 1989.. 194 114 C. Project porposals................... 195 - 391 119 Ve HEALTH REUI ...... .... ....... ... 392 - 480 186 4. Introduction ......... Os...... ...... 392 - 397 186 B. Project proposals.......... ........ 398 - 480 189 VI. DRIN G RJIRE I ES S ............. 481 - 605 220 A. Introduction......... .o.o *......... 481 - 490 220 B. Project proposals .......... 491 - 605 222 VII. PRIMARW EUCAEICN SW R RE.UIR9.ME ... 606 - 642 255 k. Introduction............... 606 - 614 255 B. Theprograme... .............. ........ 615 - 642 257 C. Ccqoonents of the programme........... 623 - 638 260 D. Programme operation and management.... 639 - 642 263 VIII. RELIEF AND SURVIVAL ITE ............... 643 - 681 267 A. Background.......................... 643 - 644 267 B. Assessment of requirements. ....... •.. 645 - 647 267 C. List of requirements .................. 648 - 658 268 D. Provinces of concentration and implmentation mechanisms .............. 659 - 661 270 E. Establishment of a Quick-respcnse Equipment and Material Stockpile ...... 662"- 672 273 F. UNDP Quick-Action Trust Fund for Moz.nbique........................ 673 - 681 276 - iii ­ Paragrapbs Page IX. P GRW4E OF ASSISrANE EUR MOZAMBICAN REIUR ............S .. ..... 682 - 712 278 A. Background................... .0000060682 - 686 278 B. Assistance to M=ambican refugees... 687 - 695 278 C. Sectoral review of assistance....... 696 - 712 281 PARr THREE: PROJECT PROPSALS PRFPARED BY NCE-GO1E1R4EAL ORGAnI7ATIONS..... .... 713 - 786 286 Project p.o as............... ....... 713 - 786 287 LIST OF FRUE1TLY USED ABBRE'ATINS................................. 315 - iv ­ -1I- PARr CzNE: BACKGROUND IN~RTC -2­ 1. THE CURRF E4ERENCY SITUATION IN NDZAMBIQ=E 1. The present situation in Mozambique continues to be critical. Over 2.2 million Mozambicans are affected by severe shortages of food and other items essential to survival, and a further 1.1 million have been displaced from their homes, having lost virtually all of their possessions. In addition, there are about 2.6 million people in rural and urban areas who are affected by ccmercial food shortages. These figures do not include 700,000 citizens who find themselves displaced in neighbouring countries. The present distribution of affected and displaced people is shown in table 1. 2. The evolution of the grave and deepening socio-econcmic crisis facing Mozambique must first be seen against the background of a long history of under-development and of the after-effects of the colonial period. The characteristics of this period included very low levels of investment in economic activities (particularly agriculture) or human resources, a service-oriented economy with a high dependence on markets outside the country (Portugal and South Africa especially), and a pattern of labour creation and use which had a profound effect on family life and the social structure of the country. 3. Part of this labour pattern took the form of large-scale labour migration to the South African mining and farming sectors, whidh absorbed hundreds of thousands of people at peak times. It was also expressed in forced internal labour on plantations and construction projects before independence. The total number of Mozambican workers outside the country often reached half a million. Mozambique's development was closely linked with, and dependent upon, the economies of its white-ruled neighbours and of the colonial Power, supplying low-wage labour and low-cost access routes to the sea. Development for the internal market and for the mass of the population, including the delivery of social services, was minimal before independence in 1975. 4. The manner in which independence was achieved, following a protracted and brutal colonial war, was a further factor in weakening the basis for the country's reconstruction and economic development. A mass exodus of the settler population took place, depriving the new State of much of its required technical, administrative and commercial skills. Moreover, large amounts of infrastructure were destroyed by the departing Portuguese. The ensuing lack of human infrastructure from the beginning of the independent period constituted a major obstacle from which the country still suffers. -3­ 5. Almost simultaneously, South Africa began to reduce its use of hiozambican port facilities, and to cut down its recruitment of Mozambican mine and farm workers, depriving the country of much of its two major sources of foreign exduinge. These trends have continued ever since. -4- Table I Distribution of affected and displaced people* (by province) Number NUmbr afecteddslaeof of Province Popldation cple pecple Subtotal Percentae (3 + 4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 maputo 1 596 000 205 000 124 000 329 000 20.6 Gaza 1 197 000 379 300 65 200 444 500 37.1 Inhambane 1 289 500 505 300 61 600 566 900 44.0 Sofala 1 209 000 143 000 83 600 226 600 18.7 Manica 744 000 168 500 74 500 243 000 32.7 Tete 983 000 228 500 65 500 294 000 29.9 7ambezia 2 998 100 164 300 381 800 546 100 18.2 %amiula 2 865 900 281 100 117 500 398 600 13.9 Niassa 613 000 106 000 88 000 194 000 31.6 Cabo Delgado 1 104 000 38 000 29 500 67 500 6.1 Thtal 14 599 500 2 219 000 1 091 200 3 310 200 22.7 * An additional 2.6 million people are affected by commercial food shortages. -5­ 6. Daring the 1970s, Mozambique closed its border with Southern Modesia in support of the independence struggle there, suffering enormous economic costs, including the loss of Beira port traffic, as well as invasions by the forces of the then ruling regime. Natural disasters, including floods, cyclones, and especially droughts, which affected all of southern Africa intensely from 1982 to 1984 further increased the burdens of the country. 7. The second major factor which has vastly contributed to the terrible conditions which now prevail in the country is the active and widespread war of destabilization being waged by
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