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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
©Studentsavvy Music Around the World Unit I Thank You For
©studentsavvy Music Around the World Unit I thank you for StudentSavvy © 2016 downloading! Thank you for downloading StudentSavvy’s Music Around the World Unit! If you have any questions regarding this product, please email me at [email protected] Be sure to stay updated and follow for the latest freebies and giveaways! studentsavvyontpt.blogspot.com www.facebook.com/studentsavvy www.pinterest.com/studentsavvy wwww.teacherspayteachers.com/store/studentsavvy clipart by EduClips and IROM BOOK http://www.hm.h555.net/~irom/musical_instruments/ Don’t have a QR Code Reader? That’s okay! Here are the URL links to all the video clips in the unit! Music of Spain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7C8MdtnIHg Music of Japan: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OA8HFUNfIk Music of Africa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g19eRur0v0 Music of Italy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3FOjDnNPHw Music of India: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQ2Yr14Y2e0 Music of Russia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEiujug_Zcs Music of France: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge46oJju-JE Music of Brazil: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQLvGghaDbE ©StudentSavvy2016 Don’t leave out these countries in your music study! Click here to study the music of Mexico, China, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, USA, Hawaii, and the U.K. You may also enjoy these related resources: Music Around the WorLd Table Of Contents Overview of Musical Instrument Categories…………………6 Music of Japan – Read and Learn……………………………………7 Music of Japan – What I learned – Recall.……………………..8 Explore -
University of California Santa Cruz the Vietnamese Đàn
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ THE VIETNAMESE ĐÀN BẦU: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF AN INSTRUMENT IN DIASPORA A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in MUSIC by LISA BEEBE June 2017 The dissertation of Lisa Beebe is approved: _________________________________________________ Professor Tanya Merchant, Chair _________________________________________________ Professor Dard Neuman _________________________________________________ Jason Gibbs, PhD _____________________________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. v Chapter One. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Geography: Vietnam ............................................................................................................................. 6 Historical and Political Context .................................................................................................... 10 Literature Review .............................................................................................................................. 17 Vietnamese Scholarship .............................................................................................................. 17 English Language Literature on Vietnamese Music -
Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music
A clarinet (soprano) albogue tubes in a frame. USE clarinet BT double reed instrument UF kechruk a-jaeng alghōzā BT xylophone USE ajaeng USE algōjā anklung (rattle) accordeon alg̲hozah USE angklung (rattle) USE accordion USE algōjā antara accordion algōjā USE panpipes UF accordeon A pair of end-blown flutes played simultaneously, anzad garmon widespread in the Indian subcontinent. USE imzad piano accordion UF alghōzā anzhad BT free reed instrument alg̲hozah USE imzad NT button-key accordion algōzā Appalachian dulcimer lõõtspill bīnõn UF American dulcimer accordion band do nally Appalachian mountain dulcimer An ensemble consisting of two or more accordions, jorhi dulcimer, American with or without percussion and other instruments. jorī dulcimer, Appalachian UF accordion orchestra ngoze dulcimer, Kentucky BT instrumental ensemble pāvā dulcimer, lap accordion orchestra pāwā dulcimer, mountain USE accordion band satāra dulcimer, plucked acoustic bass guitar BT duct flute Kentucky dulcimer UF bass guitar, acoustic algōzā mountain dulcimer folk bass guitar USE algōjā lap dulcimer BT guitar Almglocke plucked dulcimer acoustic guitar USE cowbell BT plucked string instrument USE guitar alpenhorn zither acoustic guitar, electric USE alphorn Appalachian mountain dulcimer USE electric guitar alphorn USE Appalachian dulcimer actor UF alpenhorn arame, viola da An actor in a non-singing role who is explicitly alpine horn USE viola d'arame required for the performance of a musical BT natural horn composition that is not in a traditionally dramatic arará form. alpine horn A drum constructed by the Arará people of Cuba. BT performer USE alphorn BT drum adufo alto (singer) arched-top guitar USE tambourine USE alto voice USE guitar aenas alto clarinet archicembalo An alto member of the clarinet family that is USE arcicembalo USE launeddas associated with Western art music and is normally aeolian harp pitched in E♭. -
History of Strings with Horns: a Study Overview
DAGA 2015 Nürnberg History of Strings with Horns: A Study Overview Polina Zakharchuk1 1 Erich-Thienhaus-Institut, 32756 Detmold, E-Mail:[email protected] Vioară cu goarnă or higheghe is a four-string phonofiddle, Introduction that is still produced in Bihor and Crişana, Romania. It is Hybrid string-horn instruments, with a Stroh violin as the also called violară cu palnie (funnel violin) and violară-corn most famous example, had a narrow time period of (horn violin). In some cases, to insure the mechanical manufacturing from 1904 to 1942. The idea of rejecting the stability of the instrument, the G string is replaced by a wooden resonator box – and using the horn with a thinner string [2]. Sound of the vioară cu goarnă is even diaphragm driven by bridge vibrations instead – was more projected than that of the Stroh violin due to the innovative with respect to the traditional lutherie school as a trumpet-like horn. total reorganization of the instrument, and came up with Various forms of hybrid guitar, mandoline and ukulele were methods of acoustical recording, which were widely used also manufactured by Arthur Howson. Rupert Hazell from 1877 until the discovery of the microphone recording designed an instrument known as Cellocordo. These are technology around 1925. The Stroh violin was probably one often favored by jazz musicians. of the first important steps in evolution of string instruments and the transformation to the electric amplification principle, The following section outlines the protected inventions in such as in e-violin: first, because of revised physical the string-horn instrument family. -
Bow in Oxford Music Online
14.3.2011 BowinOxfordMusicOnline Oxford Music Online Grove Music Online Bow article url: http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com:80/subscriber/article/grove/music/03753 Bow (Fr. archet ; Ger. Streichbogen ; It. arco ). A flexible stick of wood or a tube (bamboo) held under tension by a string or strings, usually of horsehair, used to draw sound from a string instrument. I. History of the bow 1. Origins. The use of the bow can be traced back to the 10th century, when the bow was known throughout Islam and in the Byzantine empire. No evidence has been found either in the parts of Europe not then under Byzantine or Arab rule, or in eastern and south-eastern Asia, of string instruments which were bowed before the year 1000. Theories of a north European or Indian origin for the bow have proved groundless. The bow is frequently mentioned in 10th-century literature and is clearly depicted in a number of illustrations. The majority of references in Arabic literature come from important scholars and competent authorities on music, such as Al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Ibn Zayla and Ibn Khaldūn. In connection with the classification of chordophones ‘whose strings are made to sound by rubbing them with other strings [ awtār ] or a string-like fabric’, these writers mentioned instruments ‘whose notes can be prolonged [ mumtadd ] and combined [ mutta ṣil ] at will’. The available sources indicate that bowing originated in central Asia. At the time, rods for plucking, beating or rubbing the strings were used as well as the bow to produce sound from chordophones. The hypothesis of the central Asian origin of the bow is supported by a mural in the palace of the governor of Khuttal at Hulbuk (now Kurbanshaid, south Tajikistan). -
Race Printing Establishment It! Slale
\ ..... , ., .r " ? :: . '~~'.- .~ ~ ~ ·H:·'········E··· .:;:0 • J,. • • • ' .' , . ·I'·T,'"0'" , ... ~lo • .~.. • ''-',;J." :.. '. 'f • .' ~ ..' " .. , • • , ~ I ,r', o ~ '.--J~ , oJ --';j'" ," , A Weekly Newspaper Devoted to the Inter~sts of the 'Eight Th6u$a~d C<?loredPe'ople~ ~ in Omaha and Vicinity, and to the Good of the COlQ,t,llunjty; ,. The Rev. JOHN ALBERT WILLIAMS, Editor '$1.50 a Year." '5c a C!JPY. Omaha, Nebraska, J.anuary 15, 1916 Volume 'I: ',.Number 2~ AbYssinia 3~d the . National Ass()chition Think On These Things; '. ...... - , .Annu~l European Conflict "No one could look upon t'1at life, or on that face. and not be . Holds Meeting absolutely certain that here before him was one who had gaine,J , , This Little Nation With Her :Fighting firm and serious hQld-, on spiritual things. one who could '<!'nlW on Organization ~flOWS' f)~ci<fed Incrf'a,,(~ . ~la~l\ Troops' May Yet Decide some deep wells of plet)' and t'1ankfulness and peace."" in Membf:rs~ip,...a.I:td .Work A.ccom· 'Issue of War. 'pT.~she<l: ' 'STRATEGIC SUEZ CANAC PRIZE .HAS TE)" THfH'SA);D :\IE~BEf{:- 'Its Retention .by Englaild or Capture A . Larg-l' ,\mounj... of Legal Work by. Germany Rests Entirely Wins Oklah<Wla CGSf~. Agent" With Aby*>inia. Watch HOrltil;" .L~'gislation. ..l' \ •• ". f .~. '. "", ( . ...• i' (~ontlnued on eighth' page) rCo~t1nucd on seventh page.). (Continued on seventh , . "" .' . ..... Green-What is a sense of humor? STATION. Brown-A sense of humor is that '!' '\.vhich makes you laugh at something Chirago., III., Jan. 7.-Roberl Craw that-happened to somebody else which General Race News would make you angry if it hap;J8ned ford, 382U Vincennes avenue, a seven teen ye~~r old youth is showing knowl to ,you.-Tit-Bits. -
Musical Instruments
^^^•::.':' THE AMERICAN HISTORY AND ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MUSIC W. L. HUBBARD EDITOR IN CHIEF ARTHUR FOOTE GEO. W. ANDREWS EDWARD DICKINSON Associate Editors Special Contributors G. W. CHADWICK FREDERICK STARR FRANK DAMROSCH H. E. KREHBIEL FREDERICK STOCK EMIL LIEBLING W. J. HENDERSON Irving Squire Toledo New York Chicago a. \ fc irO'V^i^ I c^ -^ ci I- i! -O c^ 2 G rt c^ t: -a ?^ <u (u > ,^ '-^ <u -5 •*-" n o ^ ^ .^ t-, n:; OT o c '-' -Ti > ." cj bjois 'o 5 S^ ^ S -r. c^ w S^ ri, 0/5 o ~rt gj O I o >^^ 00 I— > C/5 J3 :3 r^ CO w o v^ 'C ^ ^ +-> CO o t3 ' .2 «-> OJ (U U^ CO O •-- ^^7 CO -^ fin 3 u <U o CO M j« S 2:! I> "rt Id ;n f^- rt -r; "" --^ S CO CO, o c^-;:; o ^ Oh o ^ Ci:^ o aj 4_) o _^ J^ b^ s-< i^ <j5 ^ b/)-p CO rt rt s o ?^ o ^ bjO i= .in OT C/^ < o ^ <u ._ -I-' Digitized by tine Internet Arcinive in 2011 witin funding from Boston Public Library http://www.archive.org/details/musicalinstrumenOOandr THE AMERICAN HISTORY AND ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MUSIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT WITH INTRODUCTION BY FREDERICK STOCK AND GEORGE W. ANDREWS EDITOR IRVING SQutre; Toiedo New York Chicago Copyright 1908 by IRVING SQUIRE Entered Stationers' Hall LONDON -• CONTENTS Introduction . 1 The Development of the Orchestra 9 The Development of Musical Instruments .... 31 Musical Instruments 89 Selected Bibliography 255 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION George W. Andrews. The fact of the universality of musical instruments and musical expression among men will not fail to impress the attentive reader of this book. -
Course Content - Instruments of the World
Course Content - Instruments of the World Historical Facts of World instruments • Many countries from around the world have official national instruments • Although not official, the banjo is considered the national instruments of the US • The Banjo is played in many early styles of American music such as Folk, Country, Bluegrass, and Ragtime • Most Instruments have resonators. The Resonator is the part of the instrument where the sound is created and given depth and volume. Resonators come in all different shapes and sizes and are made from a variety of materials. • Griots and Jolies are oral historians in West Africa. They use an instrument called a kora as well as their voices to tell stories to the people in their community to inform and educate them about the past. String Instruments • The Zither is Bavaria's national instrument. It is a string instrument and the resonator is called a sound box. You can strum or pluck this instrument as well as use a bow to play it. • The Bouzouki is from Greece and can contain 408 strings. It looks like a mandolin. • The Berimbau is from Brazil and contains 1 string that is stretched across a bowed piece of wood. Gourds are the resonators and there is a coin or small stone the musician moves to adjust the note with while they use a stick to hit the string. • The Veena is an instrument from India and has 7 strings across a long neck and contains 2 large gourds that resonate the sound. • The Koto is an instrument from Japan that has 13 strings strung over 13 movable bridges. -
Fr ; Rievte Ilm Erican Enc Icounters N * . Ip -Vd )F
f . ^ ' IP..-:■'ly/p.coo ■ RA.ZQr. ■ I . www.magiclicvalley.eom ■ J A S a io i d I Tin 368:: u ?r7o s c . ' • WES.T VmLLHY ur e-u.?o ' n * . E 9 Twin Falls,I, ldaho/94thI year, No __________ Sacurdivly, D cccm bcr4. }999J 9 ■ .50) centscc . < j O Q D M1 C 0 R N IN G A I ’^^^ ’W e a t h E r * r i e v t e i p - v d 8 . ^ M ^ Todayday: Sunny I t e y j ij o b l e s3S m K — — i m otions s ^ d kidsr flocHfTg':bf fast-Fcf663^restaurancs, h hiking dem and fofor french fries a.ii,«.i»M ,ii« '!- ;• andd cold6 tonight, jh# tin,*,nM ^flwi ......................—thnnjapeaed.ti _________ m a ' 'f-iSr—----- ------------im rW A — ----- ------ :S2i^sii^-H>-r>rcer « » « e L'is seyuej— ytar-agi j-A«5clgtiaPniM ^ . - . The result? Fewer asd sbcrttrsi: tp the 15^ Toy : •aBDTOTtrr^or'boiir'Cassla . jy Sta->-" aaim ni- and Minvlinidoka counties. *'------- Miglo .Vsdoy imsmpWjrmantat ratHn . PageA2 ------- • laj-offsIj ar 2Hiai-Cass£a 120 pro- ed blocxbuccr. a tLEY - Don’t say HoUy. • ag*«rir>£pT.TfiK fhart nr , a campaign that "So0 I guess Hollywood cun .oui^ Mw.'sa .aafnI Nr*bh»-: a c s rd - k-.rVcd cff la:er lathcraonih.ia i hove ai ■Bl#lne- . 3.6JI ,3 . 8 * : : .' .-MAOicVAL;tLLEY_ lever did anything for the ingir to Gre* Rosar*,k -th* - ! nn effect on the Masic • 3.8%- Vaiiey:------------ ^ -----------D f hn-.r ;± id of------VaUaji,-'iS-' ho sftkl.—— ----------------------_ .gff-naa ,-.,i.fl., „?,fl...,___2 A ^ .— , Dcpartmeot ot Labor’a iE^c3J juisped throag! •Caisj# , 8,8 A.e'-' 7 ■ ■ ■ Roadwork: A yarielietyofTWin ' “Pokeocemon: The First Movie" V J«h the roof." , “Also,Iso, retail is showing some - Valley labor market analyst.K. -
Illinois General Assembly
Speaker Redmond : ''The House will come to order and Members please be in their seats. Be lead in prayer by the Reverend Krueger, the House chaplainz' Reverend Krueger: HIn the Name 'of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. Amen. 0 LORD, bless thfs Rouse to Thy servic this day . Let us say a prayer for the Covernor this day y who's having his birthday. Watcb over Thy servant, James. 0 LORD, as his days increase. Bless and guide hfm wherever he may be. Keeping him unspotted fram the world. Strengthen him when he stands, comfort him vhen discouraged or sorrowful, raise him up if he fall. and in :is heart, may Thy peacè, vhich pass with understanding, abide a11 the days of his life. Through Jesus Chrfst, our tord. Amen. Benjamin Franklin sàid, 'If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take ft acay frcm him .' tet us pray. ALMIGHTY GOD, our heavenly Father and the source of al1 knocledge and visdom, we call upon Thee this day to iispire our minds and to make keen our wflls that we may be relentless in the pursuit of the science of learning; that thus enhanced wfth abundant information we may enjoy deeper and more meaningful in- sight into the complexlties whfch come before us as Memu bers of this House of Representatives. May our.diligence fn this pursuft bring to the people of this State such 1aw that ls b0th equitable and just to b0th rfch and poor alike and pleasing to Thee, 0 Lord; through Jesus Christ thy Son. -
IB Music HL World Music Unit Exam
IB Music HL World Music Unit Exam British Isles 1. Which Irish genre features a compound duple meter? a. hornpipe b. jig c. slip-jig d. strathspey 2. Which Irish genre features a simple duple meter with a fast tempo? a. hornpipe b. jig c. slip-jig d. strathspey 3. Which Irish instrument is a type of zither played with mallets? a. fiddle b. tin whistle c. dulcimer d. bagpipes 4. The above rhythm is known as a a. Irish snap b. Scotch snap c. English snap d. British snap 5. The part of a bagpipe with the finger holes is called the a. bag b. pipe c. chanter d. singer Brazil and Latin America 6. This is a small, plucked-string Brazilian instrument resembling a guitar. a. cavaquinho b. caballero c. vihuela d. guitarrón 7. This is a small, plucked-string Mexican instrument resembling a guitar. a. cavaquinho b. caballero c. vihuela d. guitarrón 8. This is a large, plucked-string Mexican instrument resembling a guitar. a. cavaquinho b. caballero c. vihuela d. guitarrón 9. This is a single-string wooden instrument from Brazil, played with a stick. a. cavaquinho b. berimbau c. vihuela d. suamãe 10. The above rhythm is commonly associated with what instrument? a. agogo b. quijano c. claves d. congas 11. The above part is most likely from what genre? a. mariachi b. samba c. bossa nova d. salsa 12. Calypso features what instrument group? a. accordions b. unpitched percussion c. gourd drums d. steel drums 13. The piano is most commonly heard in music from what country? a.