Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 15, Number 36, September 9, 1988
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Nova Laser Technology
Nova Laser Technology In building the Nova laser, we have significantly advanced many technologies, including the generation and propagation of laser beams. We have also developed innovations in the fields of alignment, diagnostics, computer control, and image processIng.• For further information contact Nova is the world's most powerful at least 10 to 30 times more energetic John F. Holzrichter (415) 423-7454. laser system. It is designed to heat and than Shiva would be needed to compress small targets, typically 0.1 cm investigate ignition conditions and in size, to conditions otherwise produced possibly to reach gains near unity. only in nuclear weapons or in the Because of the importance of such a interior of stars. Its beams can facility to the progress of inertial fusion concentrate 80 to 120 kJ of energy (in research and because of the construction 3 ns) or 80 to 120 TW of power (in time entailed (at least five to seven 100 ps) on such targets. To couple energy years), the Nova project was proposed to more favorably with the target, Nova's the Energy Research and Development laser light will be harmonically converted Administration and to Congress. It was with greater than 50% efficiency from its decided to base this system on the near-infrared fundamental wavelength proven master-oscillator, linear-amplifier (1.05-,um wavelength) to green (0.525- chain laser system used on the Argus ,um) or blue (0.35-,um) wavelengths. The and Shiva systems. We had great goals of our experiments with Nova are confidence in extending this to make accurate measurements of high neodymium-glass laser technology to the temperature and high-pressure states of 200- to 300-kJ level. -
ENGINEERING DESIGN of the NOVA LASER FACILITY for By
ENGINEERING DESIGN OF THE NOVA LASER FACILITY FOR INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT FUSION* by W. W. Simmons, R. 0. Godwin, C. A. Hurley, E. P. Wallerstein, K. Whitham, J. E. Murray, E. S. Bliss, R. G. Ozarski. M. A. Summers, F. Rienecker, D. G. Gritton, F. W. Holloway, G. J. Suski, J. R. Severyn, and the Nova Engineering Team. Abstract The design of the Nova Laser Facility for inertia! confinement fusion experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is presented from an engineering perspective. Emphasis is placed upon design-to- performance requirements as they impact the various subsystems that comprise this complex experimental facility. - DISCLAIMER - CO;.T-CI104n--17D DEf;2 013.375 *Research performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48. Foreword The Nova Laser System for Inertial Confinement Fusion studies at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories represents a sophisticated engineering challenge to the national scientific and industrial community, embodying many disciplines - optical, mechanical, power and controls engineering for examples - employing state-of-the-art components and techniques. The papers collected here form a systematic, comprehensive presentation of the system engineering involved in the design, construction and operation of the Nova Facility, presently under construction at LLNL and scheduled for first operations in 1985. The 1st and 2nd Chapters present laser design and performance, as well as an introductory overview of the entire system; Chapters 3, 4 and 5 describe the major engineering subsystems; Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 document laser and target systems technology, including optical harmonic frequency conversion, its ramifications, and its impact upon other subsystems; and Chapters 10, 11, and 12 present an extensive discussion of our integrated approach to command, control and communications for the entire system. -
Nd Lu Caf2 for High-Energy Lasers Simone Normani
Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers Simone Normani To cite this version: Simone Normani. Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers. Physics [physics]. Normandie Université, 2017. English. NNT : 2017NORMC230. tel-01689866 HAL Id: tel-01689866 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01689866 Submitted on 22 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme de doctorat Physique Préparée au sein de l’Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Étude de Cristaux de CaF2:Nd:Lu pour Lasers de Haute Énergie Présentée et soutenue par Simone NORMANI Thèse soutenue publiquement le 19 octobre 2017 devant le jury composé de M. Patrice CAMY Professeur, Université de Caen Normandie Directeur de thèse M. Alain BRAUD MCF HDR, Université de Caen Normandie Codirecteur de thèse M. Jean-Luc ADAM Directeur de Recherche, CNRS Rapporteur Mme. Patricia SEGONDS Professeur, Université de Grenoble Rapporteur M. Jean-Paul GOOSSENS Ingénieur, CEA Examinateur M. Maurizio FERRARI Directeur de Recherche, CNR-IFN Examinateur Thèse dirigée par Patrice CAMY et Alain BRAUD, laboratoire CIMAP Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Thesis for the Ph.D. -
X-Ray Lasing: the Novette Laser
X-Ray Lasing: The Novelle Laser Although the Novette laser system served primarily as a test bed for advanced concepts of targets and lasers for the Nova system, its flexibility enabled us to use it for research that led to the world's first demonstration of x-ray lasing. ver the past decade, we have harmonic conversion for producing For further information contact built a series of ever more light of higher frequencies (that is, Kenneth R. Manes (415) 423-6207. O powerful and complex laser shorter wavelengths). With Novette, systems Ganus, Argus, Shiva, and now we demonstrated a system for Nova) devoted to research on inertial routinely generating powerful beams confinement fusion (ICF) and weapon of green (0.53-pm) and ultraviolet physics. However, the Novette laser (0.35- and 0.26-pm) light, greatly Fig. 1 system (Fig. 1) did not fit neatly into broadening the range of feasible Artist's rendering of the business end of this series. Although it shared physics experiments. We confirmed the Novette laser system, showing the target characteristics of the other lasers, such that laser-plasma coupling, and chamber, the harmonic-conversion arrays, and the extensive diagnostic instrumentation. as master-oscillator power-amplifier therefore the performance of the rCF The laser amplifier chains are out of the (MOPA) architecture, neodymium capsules, is greatly enhanced if green picture, folded trombone style to fit into the glass amplifiers, and a 1.053-pm or ultraviolet light is used instead of available space. fundamental wavelength, in many ways Novette was considerably less complex than its predecessor, the Shiva laser. -
Immigration Issue Reaching ‘Critical Mass’ by RICK MARTINEZ Racial/Ethnic Populations in N.C
• Northeast Partnership • Regulations Inhibit Head Helps Self, p. 5 School Choice, p. 9 Health-Care Innovation, p. 7 C A R O L I N A Airlines and Markets, p. 17 Statewide Edition A Monthly Journal of News, Analysis, and Opinion from December 2005 • Vol. 14, No. 12 the John Locke Foundation www.CarolinaJournal.com JOURNAL www.JohnLocke.org Immigration Issue Reaching ‘Critical Mass’ By RICK MARTINEZ Racial/Ethnic Populations in N.C. Contributing Editor RALEIGH Group 1990 2002 % t both the federal and state levels, the policy and rhetorical battle Total Pop. 6,632,448 8,320,146 +25.4 on immigration is, in the words Total White 5,036,958 6,178,210 +22.6 Aof one North Carolina member of Con- gress, reaching “critical mass” as it pits White 4,975,409 5,774,440 +16.1 those who support strict enforcement of Non-Hispanic current laws against those who advocate Black 1,446,367 1,793,697 +24.0 sweeping immigration-law reform. Non-Hispanic During the 1990s, North Caro- lina had the fastest growing Hispanic American Indian 80,825 106,454 +31.7 population of any state in the nation, Asian 53,102 140,491 +164.5 growing from 76,726 in 1990 to 378,963 in 2000. That’s an increase of 393 percent. Total Hispanic 76,745 444,463 +479.1 Four years later, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the Hispanic population at Hispanic immigrants line up for services at the Mexican consulate on Source: U.S. Census, 1990 and 2002 517,617. -
Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1984 Vol.3 TENTH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, LONDON, 12-19 SEPTEMBER 1984 Nuclear Fusion, Supplement 1985
Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1984 Vol.3 TENTH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, LONDON, 12-19 SEPTEMBER 1984 Nuclear Fusion, Supplement 1985 fj&\ VW& INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1985 ^^ m PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH 1984 VOLUME 3 The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN HAITI PARAGUAY ALBANIA HOLY SEE PERU ALGERIA HUNGARY PHILIPPINES ARGENTINA ICELAND POLAND AUSTRALIA INDIA PORTUGAL AUSTRIA INDONESIA QATAR BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA BELGIUM IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA BOLIVIA IRELAND SENEGAL BRAZIL ISRAEL SIERRA LEONE BULGARIA ITALY SINGAPORE BURMA IVORY COAST SOUTH AFRICA BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET JAMAICA SPAIN SOCIALIST REPUBLIC JAPAN SRI LANKA CAMEROON JORDAN SUDAN CANADA KENYA SWEDEN CHILE KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SWITZERLAND CHINA KUWAIT SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LEBANON THAILAND COSTA RICA LIBERIA TUNISIA CUBA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA TURKEY CYPRUS LIECHTENSTEIN UGANDA CZECHOSLOVAKIA LUXEMBOURG UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA MADAGASCAR REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S MALAYSIA UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF KOREA MALI REPUBLICS DENMARK MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT ECUADOR MONACO BRITAIN AND NORTHERN EGYPT MONGOLIA IRELAND EL SALVADOR MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA NAMIBIA TANZANIA FINLAND NETHERLANDS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND URUGUAY GABON NICARAGUA VENEZUELA GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC NIGER VIET NAM GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA YUGOSLAVIA GHANA NORWAY ZAIRE GREECE PAKISTAN ZAMBIA GUATEMALA PANAMA The Agency's Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. -
Feasibility of Inertial-Confinement Fusion
On October 15, 1981, John H. Nuckolls this article has occurred because of the received the American Physical Society's dedication and inspiration of John Maxwell Prize for outstanding contribu Nuckolls and his colleagues at LLNL, as tions to plasma physics. The citation read well as of hundreds of researchers else "For his contributions to the genesis and where in the United States and other na progress of inertial confinement fusion. tions. In addition to their work, consistent His insight into the fundamental physics support for the U.S. Inertial Fusion Pro issues has served to guide and inspire the gram has been provided by the Depart technical evolution of the field." An article ment of Energy and its predecessors and based on his Maxwell lecture to the Soci by the Congress of the United States. This ety was published in Physics Today (Sep support has led, in 10 years time, to an ef tember 1982). Because of the interest that fort with the accomplishments and scope readers of the En ergy and Technol ogy described in this article. It should be fur Review could have in John's views on ther noted that, although the thrust of this John's views on inertial confinement fusion, the editors article is directed toward the long-range power-potential of the En ergy and Technology Review have agreed to re of the Inertial Fusion Program, current support and print the article in this issue. The work described in nearer-term goals are defense related. Feasibility of Inertial Confinement Fusion "We can see no insurmountable roadblocks to th e practi temperatures sufficient to cause the hy cal achievement of electrical power generated by in ertial drogen nuclei to fuse, releasing an confinement fusion .. -
The Novette Laser Facility: a Step in the Evolution of High-Power Laser Systems
Energy and Technology Review ~awrence Livermore National Laboratory January 1985 The Novette Laser Facility: A Step in the Evolution of High-Power Laser Systems Work with the recently dismantled Novette laser, LLNL's flexible, high-energy-density experimental facility, has profoundly affected our understanding of laser-plasma coupling phenomena. Novette was the first in the Laboratory's series of successively more powerful and complex laser systems to incorporate full-power harmonic conversion of laser light in nonlinear birefringent media, and with it we probed the details of the design for the Nova laser. For further information contact In the course of inertial-confinement system in the evolving series of Kenneth R. Manes (415) 422-0681. fusion (ICF) research at LLNL, we have Laboratory lasers was designed to exploit designed and built a series of the knowledge gained through successively more powerful and complex experiments with its predecessor. laser systems: Janus, Cyclops, Argus, The Novette laser was the first to Shiva, Novette, and soon the next incorporate full-power harmonic generation, Nova. All of these laser upconversion in order to test the systems used or will use chains of hypothesis that short-wavelength laser neodymium-glass amplifiers (in the form pulses couple energy more efficiently to of scaled modules), and they all share target plasmas than longer ones do. the same fundamental design, called Thus, the Novette laser provided MOPA-a Master Oscillator driving a a flexible, high-energy-density single-pass Power Amplifier. Each experimental facility to bridge the gap 10 DEFENSE PROGRAMS between the Shiva and Nova lasers, theoretical and experimental studies have while allowing us to probe the details of indicated that coupling and, therefore, the Nova design. -
Development of the Indirect-Drive Approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion and the Target Physics Basis for Ignition and Gain John Lindl
Development of the indirect-drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain John Lindl Citation: Physics of Plasmas 2, 3933 (1995); doi: 10.1063/1.871025 View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871025 View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/php/2/11 Published by the American Institute of Physics Articles you may be interested in Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review Physics of Plasmas 22, 110501 (2015); 10.1063/1.4934714 The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the National Ignition Facility Physics of Plasmas 11, 339 (2004); 10.1063/1.1578638 Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012 Physics of Plasmas 21, 020501 (2014); 10.1063/1.4865400 Ignition and high gain with ultrapowerful lasers* Physics of Plasmas 1, 1626 (1994); 10.1063/1.870664 Point design targets, specifications, and requirements for the 2010 ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility Physics of Plasmas 18, 051001 (2011); 10.1063/1.3592169 Growth rates of the ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability in inertial confinement fusion Physics of Plasmas 5, 1446 (1998); 10.1063/1.872802 REVIEW ARTICLE Development of the indirect-drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain John Lindl Lawrence Livennore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 (Received 14 November 1994; accepted 14 June 1995) Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is an approach to fusion that relies on the inertia of the fuel mass to provide confinement. To achieve conditions under which inertial confinement is sufficient for efficient thermonuclear burn, a capsule (generally a spherical shell) containing thermonuclear fuel is compressed in an implosion process to conditions of high density and temperature. -
“Soap and Hope”: Direct Sales and the Culture of Work and Capitalism in Postwar America
“Soap and Hope”: Direct Sales and the Culture of Work and Capitalism in Postwar America By Jessica Kay Burch Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History August, 2015 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Sarah Igo, Ph.D. Katherine Crawford, Ph.D. Gary Gerstle, Ph.D. Paul Kramer, Ph.D. Bethany Moreton, Ph.D. Copyright © 2015 by Jessica Kay Burch All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude, first and foremost, to Sarah Igo. Sarah guided this project from its inception. She read countless drafts, gave generous and insightful comments, and always offered to do more. Over the past six years, Sarah was a constant source of encouragement, advice, and support. She is a model teacher, mentor, scholar, and human being. It has been my great privilege to work with and learn from her. I am grateful to the members of the dissertation committee: Sarah Igo, Gary Gerstle, Katherine Crawford, Paul Kramer, and Bethany Moreton. Inspiring teachers and scholars all, they pushed me to see the big picture and to make arguments that matter. Thank you to the History Department at Vanderbilt University, where I benefited from seminars with Sarah Igo, Gary Gerstle, Paul Kramer, Dan Usner, Leor Halevi, Jim Epstein, and Michael Bess. Gary Gerstle, who once warned that his Modern U.S. History seminar would be the nadir of my graduate experience, was especially influential in shaping me as an historian. My work has benefitted from the generosity of many institutions: the Smithsonian Institution; the Bentley Historical Library at the University of Michigan; the John W. -
Frequency Conversion of the Nova Laser
Frequency Conversion of the Nova Laser Arrays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals are used to convert the infrared light of the Nova laser to shorter wavelengths in the visible and near ultraviolet for improved target performance. For further information contact he performance of inertial coherent and virtually lossless. The Mark A. Summers (415) 423-2861. confinement fusion (ICF) generation of harmonics in optically T targets is known to improve at nonlinear media is the best laser wavelengths shorter than 111m, understood frequency-conversion for example near 0.5 or 0.3 11m (visible technique, the one that provides most green or near-ultraviolet light). At control over beam quality, and the these shorter wavelengths, ICF targets one adopted at LLNL. absorb more light and the deleterious In the process of harmonic preheating of the fusion fuel is generation, very intense laser light reduced. However, most high-power incident on a transparent, optically lasers considered for fusion nonlinear medium interacts with the applications operate either near 10 11m material's atomic structure to generate (the carbon dioxide laser) or near electromagnetic radiation with 111m (Nd:glass lasers). Therefore, frequencies that are multiples of the to produce the desired shorter frequency of the incident light (see the wavelengths, we have two choices. box1 on p. 4). Such multiples are Either we can develop a completely known as harmonics of the new short-wavelength laser, or we can fundamental frequency. These convert the fundamental frequency of harmonics are commonly designated an existing I-11m laser using a as lw, 2w, 3w, etc., where lw is the technique called harmonic generation. -
ADVANCE, OFFICE of PRESIDENTIAL: Records, 1981-1989 – REAGAN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS
ADVANCE, OFFICE OF PRESIDENTIAL: Records, 1981-1989 – REAGAN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS Material noted in bold within this collection is currently available for research use. If a folder is available for research use it may still have withdrawn material due to Freedom of Information Act restrictions. Most frequent withdrawn material is national security classified material, personal privacy, protection of the President, etc. Any non-bolded folder is closed for research. The non-bolded folders are subject to Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). If you are interested in submitting a FOIA request for access to any of the unavailable records or have any questions about these collections or series, please contact our archival staff at 1-800- 410-8354, outside the US at 1-805-577-4012, or email [email protected] ADVANCE, OFFICE OF PRESIDENTIAL: Records, 1981-1989 The Office of Presidential Advance provided planning and support for all presidential travel and the local Washington, DC events involving the President. As a result, the actual “work” of the office quite frequently took place outside the confines of the White House. The Directors of the office, Steven Studdert, William Henkel, and James Hooley, spent a considerable time in the field, particularly in support of international travel. Activities within this office centered round the “trip desk,” which was the coordinating point for trips and events, as well as other activities such as site surveys conducted independently of specific trips. The trip desk provided a method to accumulate all related material. Records related to each trip/event were gathered during and after the activity and filed at the trip desk.