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Nd Lu Caf2 for High-Energy Lasers Simone Normani

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Nd Lu Caf2 for High-Energy Lasers Simone Normani Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers Simone Normani To cite this version: Simone Normani. Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers. Physics [physics]. Normandie Université, 2017. English. NNT : 2017NORMC230. tel-01689866 HAL Id: tel-01689866 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01689866 Submitted on 22 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme de doctorat Physique Préparée au sein de l’Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Étude de Cristaux de CaF2:Nd:Lu pour Lasers de Haute Énergie Présentée et soutenue par Simone NORMANI Thèse soutenue publiquement le 19 octobre 2017 devant le jury composé de M. Patrice CAMY Professeur, Université de Caen Normandie Directeur de thèse M. Alain BRAUD MCF HDR, Université de Caen Normandie Codirecteur de thèse M. Jean-Luc ADAM Directeur de Recherche, CNRS Rapporteur Mme. Patricia SEGONDS Professeur, Université de Grenoble Rapporteur M. Jean-Paul GOOSSENS Ingénieur, CEA Examinateur M. Maurizio FERRARI Directeur de Recherche, CNR-IFN Examinateur Thèse dirigée par Patrice CAMY et Alain BRAUD, laboratoire CIMAP Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Thesis for the Ph.D. title in Physics by candidate Simone NORMANI Under the direction of Patrice CAMY and Alain BRAUD 1 2 Summary Chapter/Section Page Introduction et Programme Scientifique (Preface in French) . 7 Motivation et Problematiques . .. 7 Contenu de la Thèse . 10 Spectroscopie . 11 Propriétés Thermomécaniques . 19 Amplification et Oscillation Laser . 22 Références . 27 Introduction – Principles and Problematics . 31 Spectroscopy . 33 Thermal Conductivity . 35 Optical Amplification and Laser Operation . 36 Chapters Overview . 38 Ch. 1 – Rare Earth-Doped Crystals for High-Energy Lasers . 42 1.1 Context and Tendencies of High-Power Lasers . 43 1.2 High-Power Lasers: Different Kinds for Different Applications . 47 1.2.a High-Energy Lasers . 48 1.2.b Ultrashort High-Peak Power Lasers . 53 1.2.a High-Average Power Lasers . 57 1.3 LMJ and PETAL Programs . 60 3 3+ 1.4 LASCAN Project: CaF2:Nd as a Novel Host for High-Power Lasers . 64 1.5 Conclusions . 67 Ch. 2 – CaF2:Nd3+,Lu3+ Spectroscopy . 71 2.1 Introduction . 71 Principles of Rare Earth Spectroscopy . 71 Properties of Rare Earth-Doped Fluorides . 72 Challenges of Neodymium-Doped Fluorides . 73 Chapter Overview . 76 2.2 Principles and Techniques . 77 2.2.a Absorption . 77 2.2.b Emission . 79 2.2.c Bridgman-Stockbarger Growth of Fluorite Crystals . 81 2.2.d Experimental Setups for Optical Measurements . 83 2.3 Experimental . 83 2.3.a Crystal Growth and Sample Preparation . 83 2.3.b Absorption . 84 2.3.c Fluorescence . .. 85 2.3.d Lifetimes . 89 2.3.e Site-Selective Spectroscopy . 91 2.3.f Absorption Cross Sections and Concentrations . 94 2.3.g Consistency of the Description . 99 2.3.h Emission Cross Sections . 103 2.3.i Quantum Yield . 104 4 2.4 Comparison with SrF2 and BaF2 . 106 2.4.a Absorption . 107 2.4.b Fluorescence . 110 2.4.c Lifetimes and Tme-Resolved Spectroscopy . 110 2.5 Mixed Crystals . 111 2.6 Conclusions . 117 Ch. 3 – Thermomechanical Properties . 122 3.1 Thermal Properties of Fluoride Crystals . 122 3.1.a Introduction . 122 3.1.b Thermomechanical Properties Assessment . 124 3.1.c Thermo-Optic Techniques . 125 3.1.d Thermal Lens Technique . 126 3.1.e Klemens Model for Thermal Conductivity . 127 3.2 Thermal Lens Technique . 131 3.2.a Thermal Lens Theory . 131 3.2.b Thermal Lens Experiment Setup . 135 3.2.c Thermal Lens Technique Sensitivity . 138 3.2.d Thermal Conductivity . 142 3.2.e Thermo-Optic Path Variation, ds/dT . 144 3.3 Transient-State Interferometry . 148 3.3.a Interferometry Theory . 148 3.3.b Interferometry Experiment Setup . 152 3.3.c Interferometry Experiment Results . 154 5 3.3.d Comparison to the Theoretical Model . 157 3.4 Birefringence . 158 3.5 Conclusions . 160 Ch. 4 – Amplification Properties . 164 4.1 Introduction . 164 4.2 Gain Modelling . 168 4.3 Experimental . 172 4.3.a Gain Calculations . 172 4.3.b Gain Measurements . ..
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