Supplement to HortScience Volume 54(9) September 2019 This supplement contains the abstracts of presentations from the National Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science ASHS Annual Conference 22 July–25 July 2019, Las Vegas, Nevada ........................S1 American Society for Horticultural Science 1018 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 phone: 703.836.4606 • fax: 703.836.2024 • ashs.org • [email protected] Abstracts of Presentations from the Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science 22 July–25 July 2019, Las Vegas, Nevada Supplement to HortScience Volume 54(9), September 2019 Part 1: Special Sessions and Workshops.......................................S2 Part 2: Oral Presentations...........................................................S34 Part 3: Poster Presentations.......................................................S187 Part 4: Index of Authors............................................................S340 For citation purposes, abstracts should be cited as shown in the following example: Torres Quezada, E., Chase, Carlene A. 2019. Off-Season Cover Crops for Organic Strawberry Production in Florida. HortScience 54(9) S247. (Abstr.) American Society for Horticultural Science 1018 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 phone: 703.836.4606 • fax: 703.836.2024 • ashs.org • [email protected] —Workshops— Part 1: Workshops/Special Sessions Part 1: Special Sessions and Workshops SPECIAL SESSIONS AND WORKSHOPS commonly originating from sub-tropical and tropical cli- mates. As the names imply, orangeries and limonaias were constructed to protect tender fruits, as well as ornamental plants, requiring protection in temperate European climates Monday, July 22, 2019 during winter upon being brought back. In addition the influx of exotic plant materials requiring modified environ- History of Controlled Environment Hor- ments to survive and flourish, technological advancements ticulture *CEU Approved* in glass manufacturing allowed for glass panes of substan- Coordinator: Jules Janick tial size to be produced. These panes used in structures provided substantially more light to tender, protected plants Janick, Jules Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States Moderator: Jules Janick throughout the winter. While these structures were built to Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States protect plants, they were also made possible by and repre- sented the wealth and opulence of their owners and patrons. Description: Their wealth was not only reflected in the exotic plant col- This session will review controlled environment horticulture lections and the structures that housed them, but also in the from antiquity to the present. design and feature of their interior spaces. The fundamental 8:00 AM – 8:15 AM design of these structures resemble modern-day lean-to or deep-winter greenhouse structures; transparent glazing The Ancient Origins of Controlled Environment material were placed on the south-facing walls of structures, HorticultureJanick, Jules* while north walls were constructed of opaque materials * Jules Janick , Purdue University with much greater insulation values. The development of In the first century CE, two Roman agricultural writers, Renaisance orangeries and Victorian conservatories served Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella and Gaius Plinius as important progenitors to our modern-day greenhouses. Secundus (Pliny the Elder), referred to proto-greenhous- es (specularia) constructed for the Emperor Tiberius (42 8:35 AM – 9:00 AM BCE–37 CE) presumably adjacent to his palace, the Villa HighNair, Ajay* Tunnels Jovis on the Isle of Capri. Pliny stated in Historia Natu- Ajay Nair*, Iowa State University ralis (Book 19,23:64) that the specularia consisted of beds High Tunnels are an expansion of plastic cover technol- mounted on wheels which were moved into the sun and on ogy that date to use of portable, bell shaped glass covers wintry days withdrew under the cover of frames glazed with (cloche) over individual plant in the 19th century. History of transparent stone (lapis specularis or mica). Apparently high tunnels dates back to 1955 when Dr. Emery Emmert, a the specularia were built to provide fruits of cucumis, “a horticulture professor at University of Kentucky, first used delicacy for which the Emperor Tiberiuis , had a remarkable plastic covers in greenhouse. In the United States, 50 years partiality; in fact there was never a day on which he was not after their creation, growers are beginning to take advantage supplied it. The cucumis described by Columella and Pliny, of the opportunities that high tunnels provide. High tunnels long mistranslated as cucumber, were in fact long-fruited have become an important production tool for vegetable, forms of Cucumis melo subsp. melo, Flexuosis Group. They small fruit, and cut flower growers in many parts of the are known today as vegetable melons, snake melons, and United States, especially the Midwest, southeast and north- faqqous and were highly esteemed in Rome and ancient ern states. The recently concluded agriculture census reports Israel. that sales from crops grown in protected culture systems in the U.S. totaled nearly $748 million, which includes high 8:15 AM – 8:35 AM tunnels and greenhouses. High tunnels provide a protected Renaissance Orangeries and Victorian Conserva- environment relative to the open field, allowing for season toriesCurrey, Christopher J.* extension, lower incidence of diseases, and improved yield Christopher J. Currey*, Iowa State University and quality. Producers, ranging from small-scale diversified Renaissance orangeries and Victorian conservatories were to larger scale farms, are utilizing high tunnels to: 1) locally originally developed to serve as ornate, decorative struc- produce crops for early markets, 2) grow diversified crops tures designed to improve plant growth under unfavorable such as tomato, lettuce, peppers, cut flowers, strawberries, temperatures and low light. Several factors contributed to and brambles, 3) improve yield and produce quality, and 4) the development of these structures. First, global exploration increase farm profitability. Many land-grant universities, increased the importation of exotic plant materials which, non-profit organizations, and cities have stepped up efforts I lksjdflkjasldfkj An asterisk (*) in front of a name indicates the presenting author. S2 HortScience 54(9) Supplement – 2019 ASHS Annual Conference to address grower and community needs and food security environmental control, lighting and growth prescriptions can issues using high tunnels. The NRCS Environmental Quality be developed for individual species and cultivars. Vertical Incentive Program has played a key role in the expansion farming requires up-front investment in costly technology and adoption of high tunnels through its high tunnel cost- as well as expensive costs of operation, especially electricity share program. More than 10,000 U.S. farms are reported to for lighting as well as associated heating-ventilating-air- have installed at least one HT from 2009-2014 with EQIP conditioning (HVAC) needs. Thus, the availability, fresh- support. Overall, USDA reports that it has processed nearly ness, and quality of year-round VF produce must command seventeen thousand requests for HT financing through premium pricing in the local marketplace. Issues of consum- EQIP since 2010, with the total number of EQIP-financed er willingness to pay, business profitability, carbon foot- HTs increasing eleven-fold, on average, in each state from print, seasonal competition from field-grown produce, local 2010-2018. As high tunnel acreage expands, we can look regulations, investor return on investment, and consumer forward to new and innovative crop production techniques acceptance of indoor growth technology are just some of the and significant growth in industries that manufacture tools, issues that the nascent VF industry is dealing with in strug- equipment, sensors, and environmental monitoring systems gling to become viable. Research addressing all of these for high tunnel crop production. factors is badly needed! 9:00 AM – 9:30 AM Growing Global Citizens; Internation- ModernNemali, Krishna* Climate-Controlled Greenhouses Krishna Nemali*, Purdue University alizing Horticultural Curriculum *CEU Crops valued at billions of dollars are produced annually in Approved* climate-controlled greenhouses. Modern day greenhouses Coordinator: Curt Rom are designed to withstand extreme climates, include state- Rom, Curt R. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA of-the art technology for environmental monitoring and Moderator: Curt Rom control, and enable year-round production. Ornamentals, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA food crops, and medicinal plants are produced under high planting densities and using intense cultivation practices in Description: modern greenhouses. Soilless and hydroponic production Developing the knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitude to work in a globalized world is a curricular imperative of systems along with supplemental lighting, heating, CO2 enrichment are used to grow crops. Commercial green- universities. Horticulture curriculum should not be excluded houses can span several acres under the roof, with largest from higher education goals of global competence and are concentration of 35,000 ha in one region of Spain. This pre- well poised by nature of the disciplines and career fields to sentation will describe the history behind some of the giant provide