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Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture by Intercropping
Science of the Total Environment 615 (2018) 767–772 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv The new Green Revolution: Sustainable intensification of agriculture by intercropping Marc-Olivier Martin-Guay a, Alain Paquette b,JérômeDuprasa, David Rivest a,⁎ a Département des sciences naturelles and Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), 58 rue Principale, Ripon, QC J0V 1V0, Canada b Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal QcH3C 3P8, Canada HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • Global productivity potential of intercropping was determined using a meta-analysis. • Global land equivalent ratio of intercropping was 1.30. • Land equivalent ratio of intercropping did not vary through a water stress gra- dient. • Intercropping increases gross energy production by 38%. • Intercropping increases gross incomes by 33%. article info abstract Article history: Satisfying the nutritional needs of a growing population whilst limiting environmental repercussions will require Received 14 July 2017 sustainable intensification of agriculture. We argue that intercropping, which is the simultaneous production of Received in revised form 3 October 2017 multiple crops on the same area of land, could play an essential role in this intensification. We carried out the first Accepted 4 October 2017 global meta-analysis on the multifaceted benefits of intercropping. The objective of this study was to determine Available online xxxx the benefits of intercropping in terms of energetic, economic and land-sparing potential through the framework fi Editor: Jay Gan of the stress-gradient hypothesis. We expected more intercropping bene ts under stressful abiotic conditions. -
Redalyc.BIOMASS, YIELD and LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO OF
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems E-ISSN: 1870-0462 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán México Morales-Rosales, Edgar Jesús; Franco-Mora, Omar BIOMASS, YIELD AND LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO OF Helianthus annus L. IN SOLE CROP AND INTERCROPPED WITH Phaseolus vulgaris L. IN HIGH VALLEYS OF MEXICO Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol. 10, núm. 3, septiembre-diciembre, 2009, pp. 431-439 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93912996011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 10 (2009): 431 - 439 BIOMASS, YIELD AND LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO OF Helianthus annus L. IN SOLE CROP AND INTERCROPPED WITH Phaseolus vulgaris L. IN HIGH VALLEYS OF MEXICO Tropical and [BIOMASA, RENDIMIENTO Y USO EQUIVALENTE DE LA TIERRA DE Helianthus annus L. EN UNICULTIVO Y ASOCIADO CON Phaseolus vulgaris Subtropical L. EN VALLES ALTOS DE MÉXICO] Agroecosystems Edgar Jesús Morales-Rosales* and Omar Franco-Mora Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Fitomejoramiento, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Carretera Toluca- Ixtlahuaca Km. 15 C. P. 50200. Toluca, Estado de México. E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author SUMARY RESUMEN The aim of the -
Competitive Behaviour of Groundnut in Sesame/Groundnut Intercropping System Under Varying Poultry Manure Rates and Planting Arrangement
Sustainable Agriculture Research; Vol. 2, No. 3; 2013 ISSN 1927-050X E-ISSN 1927-0518 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Competitive Behaviour of Groundnut in Sesame/Groundnut Intercropping System Under Varying Poultry Manure Rates and Planting Arrangement Haruna I. M.1, Aliyu L.2 & Maunde S. M.3 1 Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria 2 Department of Agronomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 3 Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Nigeria Correspondence: Haruna I. M., Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. Tel: 234-803-968-3552. E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 14, 2013. Accepted: March 20, 2013 Online Published: March 22, 2013 doi:10.5539/sar.v2n3p22 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n3p22 Abstract Field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi-Lafia Campus to study the competitive behaviour of groundnut in Sesame-groundnut intercropping system. The experiment consisted of four rates of poultry manure (0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 t ha-1) and two planting arrangement (single alternate row and double alternate row planting arrangement). The eight treatment combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results obtained in both the years showed that sesame when grown with groundnut under different rates of poultry manure and planting arrangement appeared to be a dominant crop as indicated by its higher values of Land equivalent ratio, competitive ratio, higher and positive values for aggressivity and area time equivalent ratio. -
Autonomous Intelligent Robotic Manipulator for On-Orbit Servicing
AUTONOMOUS INTELLIGENT ROBOTIC MANIPULATOR FOR ON-ORBIT SERVICING BENOIT P. LAROUCHE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO AUGUST 2012 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92801-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92801-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Field Bindweed in California
ers, seeds, or seed capsules. The most Field bindweed in California destructive organisms are the seed bee- tles (Bruchidae), especially Sperrnopha- The outlook for biological control gus sericeus (Geoffroy). In Greece, smut caused by the fungus Thecophora se- minis-convolvuli (Desmaz.) Lioro infects Sara S. Rosenthal 0 Lloyd A. Andres 0 Carl B. Huffaker up to 17 percent of the seeds. Stem and root feeders. The remain- ing Mediterranean natural enemies at- tack the stems and roots. The agromyzid fly, Melanagromyza albocilia Hendel, is Biological control is seldom attempt- fornia, we have found a pattern that the most widespread stem borer. The ed against weeds on cultivated lands, may be used to help select the most pyralid moth, Noctuelia floralis because herbicides generally provide suitable European organisms for bio- (Huebner), attacks stems and roots ex- economical, efficient control, and farm- logical control. ternally. The most common root feeder ing practices may interfere with the Our discussion focuses on such spe- is the larva of the flea beetle, Longitar- biological agents. Field bindweed, how- cies and excludes many insects attract- sus pellucidus Foudras (or very near). ever, reproduces from seeds that may ed to the flowers for pollen or nectar as The adult feeds on the leaves. remain alive in the soil for more than 40 well as many crop pests for which field years and from an extensive perennial bindweed is an alternate host. For ex- California plant feeders root system. Control by cultivation or ample, we did not include the spider Foliage feeders. As might be expect- chemicals is difficult, at best. -
An Ethical Framework for Smart Robots Mika Westerlund
An Ethical Framework for Smart Robots Mika Westerlund Never underestimate a droid. Leia Organa Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker This article focuses on “roboethics” in the age of growing adoption of smart robots, which can now be seen as a new robotic “species”. As autonomous AI systems, they can collaborate with humans and are capable of learning from their operating environment, experiences, and human behaviour feedback in human-machine interaction. This enables smart robots to improve their performance and capabilities. This conceptual article reviews key perspectives to roboethics, as well as establishes a framework to illustrate its main ideas and features. Building on previous literature, roboethics has four major types of implications for smart robots: 1) smart robots as amoral and passive tools, 2) smart robots as recipients of ethical behaviour in society, 3) smart robots as moral and active agents, and 4) smart robots as ethical impact-makers in society. The study contributes to current literature by suggesting that there are two underlying ethical and moral dimensions behind these perspectives, namely the “ethical agency of smart robots” and “object of moral judgment”, as well as what this could look like as smart robots become more widespread in society. The article concludes by suggesting how scientists and smart robot designers can benefit from a framework, discussing the limitations of the present study, and proposing avenues for future research. Introduction capabilities (Lichocki et al., 2011; Petersen, 2007). Hence, Lin et al. (2011) define a “robot” as an Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in our engineered machine that senses, thinks, and acts, thus daily, social, and professional lives, performing various being able to process information from sensors and work and household tasks, as well as operating other sources, such as an internal set of rules, either driverless vehicles and public transportation systems programmed or learned, that enables the machine to (Leenes et al., 2017). -
Association of Gene Ontology Categories with Decay Rate for Hepg2 Experiments These Tables Show Details for All Gene Ontology Categories
Supplementary Table 1: Association of Gene Ontology Categories with Decay Rate for HepG2 Experiments These tables show details for all Gene Ontology categories. Inferences for manual classification scheme shown at the bottom. Those categories used in Figure 1A are highlighted in bold. Standard Deviations are shown in parentheses. P-values less than 1E-20 are indicated with a "0". Rate r (hour^-1) Half-life < 2hr. Decay % GO Number Category Name Probe Sets Group Non-Group Distribution p-value In-Group Non-Group Representation p-value GO:0006350 transcription 1523 0.221 (0.009) 0.127 (0.002) FASTER 0 13.1 (0.4) 4.5 (0.1) OVER 0 GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-dependent 1498 0.220 (0.009) 0.127 (0.002) FASTER 0 13.0 (0.4) 4.5 (0.1) OVER 0 GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent 1163 0.230 (0.011) 0.128 (0.002) FASTER 5.00E-21 14.2 (0.5) 4.6 (0.1) OVER 0 GO:0006366 transcription from Pol II promoter 845 0.225 (0.012) 0.130 (0.002) FASTER 1.88E-14 13.0 (0.5) 4.8 (0.1) OVER 0 GO:0006139 nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism3004 0.173 (0.006) 0.127 (0.002) FASTER 1.28E-12 8.4 (0.2) 4.5 (0.1) OVER 0 GO:0006357 regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter 487 0.231 (0.016) 0.132 (0.002) FASTER 6.05E-10 13.5 (0.6) 4.9 (0.1) OVER 0 GO:0008283 cell proliferation 625 0.189 (0.014) 0.132 (0.002) FASTER 1.95E-05 10.1 (0.6) 5.0 (0.1) OVER 1.50E-20 GO:0006513 monoubiquitination 36 0.305 (0.049) 0.134 (0.002) FASTER 2.69E-04 25.4 (4.4) 5.1 (0.1) OVER 2.04E-06 GO:0007050 cell cycle arrest 57 0.311 (0.054) 0.133 (0.002) -
Philosophical Posthumanism and Its Others
Ph.D. Dissertation The Posthuman: Philosophical Posthumanism and Its Others Ph.D. Candidate Francesca Ferrando Program Ph.D. in Philosophy and Theory of Human Sciences Università di Roma Tre 1 INDEX Introduction From Humans to Posthumans p. 11 1. Part 1 Philosophical Posthumanism and Its Others pp. 21-123 (What is Philosophical Posthumanism?) 1. Premises - the Politics of the “Post” p. 22 2. From Postmodern to Posthuman p. 25 3. Posthumanism and Its Others p. 30 4. Transhumanism and Techno-Reductionism p. 31 5. Posthuman Technologies p. 38 6. Antihumanism and The Übermensch 2 p. 44 7. Philosophical Posthumanism p. 49 (Of Which “Human” is the Posthuman a “Post”?) 8. The Semantics of the Post-Human p. 55 9. Humanizing p. 56 10. The Anthropological Machine p. 60 11. More or Less, Human p. 65 12. Technologies of the Self as Posthuman (Re)Sources p. 70 13. When and How did Humans become Human? p. 74 14. Humanitas p. 76 15. Homo sapiens 3 p. 79 (Have We Always Been Posthuman?) 16. Posthuman Life p. 84 a. Animate / Inanimate p. 84 b. Bios and Zoe p. 86 c. Artificial Life p. 88 17. Autopoiesis p. 91 18. Posthumanism is a Perspectivism p. 98 19. Evolving Species p. 19 20. Posthumanities p. 108 4 21. The Posthuman as New Materialisms p. 114 22. Vibrating Matter p. 120 23. The Posthuman Ontological Multiverse p. 124 2. Part 2 Philosophical Reflections on Empirical Data pp. 137-150 Is The Post-Human A Post-Woman? Robots, Cyborgs, Artificial Intelligence and the Futures of Gender: A Case Study 1. -
The Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase in Stomatal Guard Cells of Commelina Communis
The Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase in Stomatal Guard Cells of Commelina communis by John Paul S. Nelson Thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy Department of Biochemistry University of Glasgow 1994 ProQuest Number: 13833766 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13833766 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Contents of Thesis Page Contents ii List of figures vii List of tables ix Abbreviations x Acknowledgements xi Summary xii Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 General features of stomata 1 1.1.1 Stomatal regulation of photosynthesis and 5 responses to environmental stimuli 1.1.2 The osmotic relations of guard cells 8 1.2 Guard cell ionic relations and metabolism. 9 1.2.1 K+ uptake and efflux 11 1.2.2 CL uptake and efflux 11 1.2.3 Malate accumulation and removal 12 1.2.4 Contribution of sugars to turgor changes in guard 17 cells 1.3 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - a key enzyme 19 in plant metabolism. 1.3.1 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in 19 plant tissues. -
Sweetpotato Leaf Miner (341)
Pacific Pests and Pathogens - Fact Sheets https://apps.lucidcentral.org/ppp/ Sweetpotato leaf miner (341) Photo 1. Larval mines of the sweetpotato leafminer, Photo 1. Adult sweetpotato leafminer, Bedellia Bedellia somnulentella. somnulentella. Photo 3. Adult sweetpotato leafminer, Bedellia somnulentella, showing the fringed fore and hindwings. Common Name Sweetpotato leaf miner, morning glory leafminer Scientific Name Bedellia somnulentella; previously known as Bedellia ipomoeae. Distribution Worldwide. Asia, Africa, North America, Europe, Oceania. It is present in Australia, Fiji1, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Hosts Sweet potato, kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica), and bindweeds (Calstegia and Convolvulus species). Symptoms & Life Cycle The damage is done by the larvae. Mines are at first serpentine (snake-like), and filled with frass; they become yellow-brown and later grow in width, forming blotches (Photo 1). At this stage, the larvae protrude from the blotch to defaecate. Later still, holes are produced in the leaves as the blotches are destroyed. The eggs are laid on the leaves, usually on the underside near the midrib, veins or base of the leaf blade. The larvae are yellowish with pink spots along the back, developing into red rounded projections on all segments. When mature, the larvae are 5.5 mm long. They exit the mines and make a network of silk threads on the underside of the leaf. When not feeding, they move around inside the threads, above the leaf surface. Frass often catches in the web of threads. The larvae pupate there. Adults are greyish brown, 3.5-4 mm long, with a tuft of light yellow to brown hairs on the head, and wingspan of 8-10 mm (Photos 2&3). -
Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe. -
Crystal Structure of Steroid Reductase SRD5A Reveals Conserved Steroid Reduction Mechanism
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20675-2 OPEN Crystal structure of steroid reductase SRD5A reveals conserved steroid reduction mechanism Yufei Han 1,9, Qian Zhuang2,9, Bo Sun3,9, Wenping Lv 4,9, Sheng Wang5,9, Qingjie Xiao6, Bin Pang1, ✉ Youli Zhou1, Fuxing Wang1, Pengliang Chi6, Qisheng Wang3, Zhen Li7, Lizhe Zhu 4, Fuping Li8, Dong Deng6 , ✉ ✉ ✉ Ying-Chih Chiang 1 , Zhenfei Li 2 & Ruobing Ren 1 Steroid hormones are essential in stress response, immune system regulation, and repro- 1234567890():,; duction in mammals. Steroids with 3-oxo-Δ4 structure, such as testosterone or progesterone, are catalyzed by steroid 5α-reductases (SRD5As) to generate their corresponding 3-oxo-5α steroids, which are essential for multiple physiological and pathological processes. SRD5A2 is already a target of clinically relevant drugs. However, the detailed mechanism of SRD5A- mediated reduction remains elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of PbSRD5A from Proteobacteria bacterium, a homolog of both SRD5A1 and SRD5A2, in complex with the cofactor NADPH at 2.0 Å resolution. PbSRD5A exists as a monomer comprised of seven transmembrane segments (TMs). The TM1-4 enclose a hydrophobic substrate binding cavity, whereas TM5-7 coordinate cofactor NADPH through extensive hydrogen bonds network. Homology-based structural models of HsSRD5A1 and -2, together with biochemical char- acterization, define the substrate binding pocket of SRD5As, explain the properties of disease-related mutants and provide an important framework for further understanding of the mechanism of NADPH mediated steroids 3-oxo-Δ4 reduction. Based on these analyses, the design of therapeutic molecules targeting SRD5As with improved specificity and therapeutic efficacy would be possible.