DOCSLIB.ORG

Review and Advances in Style Curvature for the Malvaceae Cheng-Jiang Ruan*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review and Advances in Style Curvature for the Malvaceae Cheng-Jiang Ruan* ® International Journal of Plant Developmental Biology ©2010 Global Science Books Review and Advances in Style Curvature for the Malvaceae Cheng-Jiang Ruan* Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bio-Resources Utilization, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian City, Liaoning 116600, China Correspondence : * [email protected] ABSTRACT The flowers of the Malvaceae with varying levels of herkogamy via style curvature have long intrigued evolutionary botanists. This review covers the flower opening process, approach herkogamy, style curvature and character evolution based on molecular phylogenetic trees, adaptive significances of style curvature and the mating system in some portions of the genera in this family. Hermaphroditic flowers of some species have showy petals and pollen and nectar rewards to pollinators. Approach herkogamy, in which stigmas are located on the top of a monadelphous stamen, has evolved as a mechanism to reduce the frequency of intra-floral self-pollination or the interference between male-female organs. Protandrous or monochogamous flowers in the fields open at about 5-7 days and 1-2 days respectively, and pollination is conducted by insects and birds. Interestingly, un-pollinated styles in some species curve when pollination fails. According to our observations and published or internet data, this curvature occurs in 23 species distributed in eight genera of four tribes (Malvavisceae, Ureneae, Hibisceae, Malveae) and appears to have evolved at least eight times. A shift to use style curvature is associated with a shift to annual or perennial herbs, and an unpredictable pollinator environment is likely an important trigger for this evolution. The adaptive significances of style curvature in the Malvaceae include delayed selfing, promotion of outcrossing or reduction in intrafloral male-female interference, sometimes two or three of which simultaneously occur in style curvature of one species (e.g., Kosteletzkya virginica). Delayed selfing via style curvature represents reproductive assurance and a mixed mating system, but the relationship between them is still an evolutionary enigma. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: adaptive significance, character evolution, floral structure, mating system, phylogenetic approach, reproductive assurance CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................................................ 98 FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY................................................................................................................... 99 Floral structure......................................................................................................................................................................................... 99 Flower opening process........................................................................................................................................................................... 99 Approach herkogamy .............................................................................................................................................................................. 99 Pollination biology ................................................................................................................................................................................ 101 STYLE CURVATURE AND COROLLA CLOSURE................................................................................................................................ 102 Style curvature....................................................................................................................................................................................... 102 Corolla closure promotes delayed selfing.............................................................................................................................................. 102 EVOLUTION OF STYLE CURVATURE AND ITS CORRELATED CHARACTERS ........................................................................... 103 Evolution of morphological characters.................................................................................................................................................. 104 Evolution of style curvature and correlated traits .................................................................................................................................. 106 Evolutionary relationship of style curvature and plant type-habit ......................................................................................................... 106 Unpredictable pollinator environments triggering the evolution of style curvature............................................................................... 106 Biogeographical history of style curvature ............................................................................................................................................ 107 ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF STYLE CURVATURE ........................................................................................................................ 107 Adaptive significance ............................................................................................................................................................................ 107 Promotion of outcrossing....................................................................................................................................................................... 107 Delayed selfing pollination.................................................................................................................................................................... 107 Reduction in intrafloral male–female interference ................................................................................................................................ 107 Reproductive assurance ......................................................................................................................................................................... 108 Mixed mating system............................................................................................................................................................................. 108 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 109 FUTURE RESEARCH .............................................................................................................................................................................. 109 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 109 REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................................................................... 109 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Juncosa and Webster 1989; Dole 1990; Lyon 1992; Rathcke and Real 1993; Donnelly et al. 1998; Eckhert and Schaeffer Since Darwin (1862) observed reconfiguration in orchid 1998; Traveset et al. 1998; Fetscher and Kohn 1999; Kalisz pollinia, the dramatic movement of floral structures in many et al. 1999; Kennedy 1999; Bynum and Smith 2001; Fet- angiosperms, which influence plant pollination and mating scher 2001; Li et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2004; Edwards et al. systems, has long intrigued evolutionary botanists (Buttrose 2005; Liu et al. 2006; Peter and Johnson 2006). Meanwhile, et al. 1977; Faegri and van der Pijl 1979; Schlessman 1986; the reproductive assurance of maximum seed production Received: 8 July, 2009. Accepted: 21 April, 2010. Invited Review International Journal of Plant Developmental Biology 4 (Special Issue 1), 98-111 ©2010 Global Science Books and the evolutionary relationship between them presented FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND POLLINATION by floral movements in response to unpredictable pollinator BIOLOGY environments has always been an evolutionary enigma to the mixed mating system (Herlihy and Eckert 2002; Kalisz Floral structure et al. 2004; Goodwillie et al. 2005; Cheptou and Schoen 2007). The interesting curvature of un-pollinated styles The Malvaceae contains herbs, shrubs, or less often trees, towards the anthers is known to occur in several species of and usually have an indumentum with peltate scales or stel- the Malvaceae family, including Hibiscus trionum (Buttrose late hairs (Tang et al. 2007). Leaves are alternate, stipulate et al. 1977), Hibiscus laevis (Klips and Snow 1997) and and petiolate (e.g. leaves of different types of K. virginica, Kosteletzkya virginica (Ruan et al. 2005a), which may in- Fig. 1A); the palmate leaf blade is usually veined, entire or volve different adaptive significances that include achieve- various lobed. Flowers are usually hermaphroditic and ento- ment of delayed selfing (Blanchard 1976), promotion of mophilous, unisexual in Kydia (Tang et al. 2007) and outcrossing (Stephens 1948), and supplies for outcrossing female flowers are rare (vestigial stamens, Fig. 1B) in K. the highest priority, while retaining the ability
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Montgomery County Landscape Plant List
    9020 Airport Road Conroe, TX 77303 (936) 539-7824 MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANDSCAPE PLANT LIST Scientific Name Common Name Size Habit Light Water Native Wildlife Comments PERENNIALS Abelmoschus ‘Oriental Red’ Hibiscus, Oriental Red 3 x 3 D F L N Root hardy, reseeds Abutilon sp. Flowering Maple Var D F M N Acalypha pendula Firetail Chenille 8" x 8" E P H N Acanthus mollis Bear's Breeches 3 x 3 D S M N Root hardy Acorus gramineus Sweet Flag 1 x 1 E P M N Achillea millefolium var. rosea Yarrow, Pink 2 x 2 E F/P M N BF Butterfly nectar plant Adiantum capillus-veneris Fern, Maidenhair 1 x 1 E P/S H Y Dormant when dry Adiantum hispidulum Fern, Rosy Maidenhair 1 x 1 D S H N Agapanthus africanus Lily of the Nile 2 x 2 E P M N Agastache ‘Black Adder’ Agastache, Black Adder 2 x 2 D F M N BF, HB Butterfly/hummingbird nectar plant Ageratina havanensis Mistflower, Fragrant 3 x 3 D F/P L Y BF Can take poor drainage Ageratina wrightii Mistflower, White 2 x 2 D F/P L Y BF Butterfly nectar plant Ajuga reptans Bugle Flower 6" x 6" E P/S M N Alocasia sp. Taro Var D P M N Aggressive in wet areas Aloysia virgata Almond Verbena 8 x 5 D S L N BF Very fragrant, nectar plant Alpinia sp. Gingers, Shell 6 x 6 E F/P M N Amsonia tabernaemontana Texas Blue Star 3 x 3 D P M Y Can take poor drainage Andropogon gerardii Bluestem, Big 3 to 8 D F/P L Y Andropogon glomeratus Bluestem, Brushy 2 to 5 D F/P L Y Andropogon ternarius Bluestem, Splitbeard 1 to 4 D F/P L Y Anisacanthus wrightii Flame Acanthus 3 x 3 D F L Y HB Hummingbird nectar plant Aquilegia chrysantha Columbine, Yellow 2 x 1 E P/S M Y Dormant when dry, reseeds Aquilegia canadensis Columbine, Red 1 x 1 E P/S M Y Dormant when dry, reseeds Ardisia crenata Ardisia 1 x 1 E P/S M N Ardisia japonica Ardisia 2 x 2 E P/S M N Artemisia sp.
    [Show full text]
  • FL0107:Layout 1.Qxd
    S. M. El Naggar & N. Sawady Pollen Morphology of Malvaceae and its taxonomic significance in Yemen Abstract El Naggar, S. M. & Sawady N.: Pollen Morphology of Malvaceae and its taxonomic signifi- cance in Yemen. — Fl. Medit. 18: 431-439. 2008. — ISSN 1120-4052. The pollen morphology of 20 species of Malvaceae growing in Yemen was investigated by light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The studied taxa belong to 9 genera and three different tribes. These taxa are: Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus trionum, H. micranthus, H. deflersii, H. palmatus, H. vitifolius, H. rosa-sinensis, H. ovalifolius, Gossypium hirsutum, Thespesia populnea (L.) Solander ex Correa and Senra incana (Cav.) DC. (Hibiscieae); Malva parviflora and Alcea rosea (Malveae); Abutilon fruticosum, A. figarianum, A. bidentatum, A. pannosum, Sida acuta, S. alba and S. ovata (Abutileae). Pollen shape, size, aperture, exine structure and sculpturing as well as the spine characters proved that they are of high taxonom- ic value. Pollen characters with some other morphological characters are discussed in the light of the recent classification of the family in Yemen. Key words: Malvaceae, Morphology, Yemen. Introduction Malvaceae Juss. (s. str.) is a large family of herbs, shrubs and trees; comprising about 110 genera and 2000 species. It is a globally distributed family with primary concentrations of genera in the tropical and subtropical regions (Hutchinson 1967; Fryxell 1975, 1988 & 1998; Heywood 1993; La Duke & Doeby 1995; Mabberley 1997). Due to the high economic value of many taxa of Malvaceae (Gossypium, Hibiscus, Abelmoschus and Malva), several studies of different perspective have been carried out, such as those are: Edlin (1935), Bates and Blanchard (1970), Krebs (1994a, 1994b), Ray (1995 & 1998), Hosni and Araffa (1999), El Naggar (1996, 2001 & 2004), Pefell & al.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Some Common Members of the Family Malvaceae S.S
    Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm 2014 Vol. 3 (3) July-September, pp.79-86/Naskar and Mandal Research Article CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME COMMON MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY MALVACEAE S.S. ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGY OF SELECTIVE ATTRIBUTES: EPICALYX, STAMINAL TUBE, STIGMATIC HEAD AND TRICHOME *Saikat Naskar and Rabindranath Mandal Department of Botany, Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, Kolkata- 700124, West Bengal, India *Author for Correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT Epicalyx, staminal tube, stigma and trichome morphological characters have been used to characterize some common members of Malvaceae s.s. These characters have been analyzed following a recent molecular phylogenetic classification of Malvaceae s.s. Stigmatic character is effective for segregation of the tribe Gossypieae from other tribes. But precise distinction of other two studied tribes, viz. Hibisceae and Malveae on the basis of this character proved to be insufficient. Absence of epicalyx in Malachra has indicated an independent evolutionary event within Hibisceae. Distinct H-shaped trichome of Malvastrum has pointed out its isolated position within Malveae. Staminal tube morphological similarities of Abutilon and Sida have suggested their closeness. A key to the genera has been provided for identification purpose. Keywords: Malvaceae s.s., Epicalyx, Staminal Tube, Stigma, Trichome INTRODUCTION Epicalyx and monadelphous stamens are considered as key characters of the family Malvaceae s.s. Epicalyx was recognized as an important character for taxonomic value by several authors (Fryxell, 1988; Esteves, 2000) since its presence or absence was employed to determine phylogenetic interpretation within the tribes of Malvaceae s.s.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyploidy and the Evolutionary History of Cotton
    POLYPLOIDY AND THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF COTTON Jonathan F. Wendel1 and Richard C. Cronn2 1Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA 2Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA I. Introduction II. Taxonomic, Cytogenetic, and Phylogenetic Framework A. Origin and Diversification of the Gossypieae, the Cotton Tribe B. Emergence and Diversification of the Genus Gossypium C. Chromosomal Evolution and the Origin of the Polyploids D. Phylogenetic Relationships and the Temporal Scale of Divergence III. Speciation Mechanisms A. A Fondness for Trans-oceanic Voyages B. A Propensity for Interspecific Gene Exchange IV. Origin of the Allopolyploids A. Time of Formation B. Parentage of the Allopolyploids V. Polyploid Evolution A. Repeated Cycles of Genome Duplication B. Chromosomal Stabilization C. Increased Recombination in Polyploid Gossypium D. A Diverse Array of Genic and Genomic Interactions E. Differential Evolution of Cohabiting Genomes VI. Ecological Consequences of Polyploidization VII. Polyploidy and Fiber VIII. Concluding Remarks References The cotton genus (Gossypium ) includes approximately 50 species distributed in arid to semi-arid regions of the tropic and subtropics. Included are four species that have independently been domesticated for their fiber, two each in Africa–Asia and the Americas. Gossypium species exhibit extraordinary morphological variation, ranging from herbaceous perennials to small trees with a diverse array of reproductive and vegetative
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter No
    Newsletter No. 167 June 2016 Price: $5.00 AUSTRALASIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY SOCIETY INCORPORATED Council President Vice President Darren Crayn Daniel Murphy Australian Tropical Herbarium (ATH) Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria James Cook University, Cairns Campus Birdwood Avenue PO Box 6811, Cairns Qld 4870 Melbourne, Vic. 3004 Australia Australia Tel: (+61)/(0)7 4232 1859 Tel: (+61)/(0) 3 9252 2377 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Secretary Treasurer Leon Perrie John Clarkson Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service PO Box 467, Wellington 6011 PO Box 975, Atherton Qld 4883 New Zealand Australia Tel: (+64)/(0) 4 381 7261 Tel: (+61)/(0) 7 4091 8170 Email: [email protected] Mobile: (+61)/(0) 437 732 487 Councillor Email: [email protected] Jennifer Tate Councillor Institute of Fundamental Sciences Mike Bayly Massey University School of Botany Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010 New Zealand Australia Tel: (+64)/(0) 6 356- 099 ext. 84718 Tel: (+61)/(0) 3 8344 5055 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Other constitutional bodies Hansjörg Eichler Research Committee Affiliate Society David Glenny Papua New Guinea Botanical Society Sarah Matthews Heidi Meudt Advisory Standing Committees Joanne Birch Financial Katharina Schulte Patrick Brownsey Murray Henwood David Cantrill Chair: Dan Murphy, Vice President Bob Hill Grant application closing dates Ad hoc adviser to Committee: Bruce Evans Hansjörg Eichler Research
    [Show full text]
  • Analyses of the Sucrose Synthase Gene Family in Cotton
    Chen et al. BMC Plant Biology 2012, 12:85 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/85 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Analyses of the sucrose synthase gene family in cotton: structure, phylogeny and expression patterns Aiqun Chen1,2, Shae He1, Feifei Li1, Zhao Li1, Mingquan Ding1, Qingpo Liu1 and Junkang Rong1* Abstract Background: In plants, sucrose synthase (Sus) is widely considered as a key enzyme involved in sucrose metabolism. Several paralogous genes encoding different isozymes of Sus have been identified and characterized in multiple plant genomes, while limited information of Sus genes is available to date for cotton. Results: Here, we report the molecular cloning, structural organization, phylogenetic evolution and expression profiles of seven Sus genes (GaSus1 to 7) identified from diploid fiber cotton (Gossypium arboreum). Comparisons between cDNA and genomic sequences revealed that the cotton GaSus genes were interrupted by multiple introns. Comparative screening of introns in homologous genes demonstrated that the number and position of Sus introns are highly conserved among Sus genes in cotton and other more distantly related plant species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GaSus1, GaSus2, GaSus3, GaSus4 and GaSus5 could be clustered together into a dicot Sus group, while GaSus6 and GaSus7 were separated evenly into other two groups, with members from both dicot and monocot species. Expression profiles analyses of the seven Sus genes indicated that except GaSus2,of which the transcripts was undetectable in all tissues examined, and GaSus7, which was only expressed in stem and petal, the other five paralogues were differentially expressed in a wide ranges of tissues, and showed development- dependent expression profiles in cotton fiber cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Melody P. Sain1*, Julia Norrell-Tober*, Katherine Barthel, Megan Seawright, Alyssa Blanton, Kate L
    MULTIPLE COMPLEMENTARY STUDIES CLARIFY WHICH CO-OCCURRING CONGENER PRESENTS THE GREATEST HYBRIDIZATION THREAT TO A RARE TEXAS ENDEMIC WILDFLOWER (HIBISCUS DASYCALYX: MALVACEAE) Melody P. Sain1*, Julia Norrell-Tober*, Katherine Barthel, Megan Seawright, Alyssa Blanton, Kate L. Hertweck2, John S. Placyk, Jr.3 Department of Biology and Center for Environment, Biodiversity, and Conservation University of Texas at Tyler 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, U.S.A. Randall Small Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee-Knoxville Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Dr., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, U.S.A. [email protected] Lance R. Williams, Marsha G. Williams, Joshua A. Banta Department of Biology and Center for Environment, Biodiversity, and Conservation University of Texas at Tyler 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, U.S.A. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *The two authors contributed equally to this work. 1Current address: Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A., [email protected] 2Current address: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, Washington 98109, U.S.A., [email protected] 3Current address: Trinity Valley Community College, 100 Cardinal Dr., Athens, Texas 75751, U.S.A., [email protected] ABSTRACT The Neches River Rose Mallow (Hibiscus dasycalyx) is a rare wildflower endemic to Texas that is federally protected in the U.S.A. While previous work suggests that H. dasycalyx may be hybridizing with its widespread congeners, the Halberd-leaved Rose Mallow (H. laevis) and the Woolly Rose Mallow (H. moscheutos), this has not been studied in detail. We evaluated the relative threats to H.
    [Show full text]
  • BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final Narrative Report
    <BID project id> <Start and end date of the reporting period> BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final narrative report Instructions Fill the template below with relevant information. please indicate the reason of the delay and expected date of completion. Use the information included in your project Full proposal (reproduced in annex III of your BID contract) as a baseline from which to complete this template The information provided below must correspond to the financial information that appears in the financial report Sources of verification are for example direct links to relevant digital documents, news/newsletters, brochures, copies of agreements with data holding institutions, workshop related documents, pictures, etc. Please provide access to all mentioned sources of verification by either providing direct link or sending a copy of the documents. This report must first be sent as a Word document to [email protected] and be pre-approved by GBIFS Once this report is pre-approved in writing by GBIFS, it must be signed by the BID project coordinator and sent by post to: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility Secretariat (GBIFS) Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Template 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 1 2. Project Information..................................................................................................... 3 3. Overview of results ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, Nom. Cons
    Flora of China 12: 286–294. 2007. 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, nom. cons. 木槿属 mu jin shu Bombycidendron Zollinger & Moritzi; Fioria Mattei; Furcaria (Candolle) Kosteletzky (1836), not Desvaux (1827); Hibiscus sect. Furcaria Candolle; H. sect. Sabdariffa Candolle; Ketmia Miller; Sabdariffa (Candolle) Kosteletzky; Solandra Murray (1785), not Linnaeus (1759), nor Swartz (1787), nom. cons.; Talipariti Fryxell. Shrubs, subshrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf blade palmately lobed or entire, basal veins 3 or more. Flowers axillary, usually solitary, sometimes subterminal and ± congested into a terminal raceme, 5-merous, bisexual. Epicalyx lobes 5 to many, free or connate at base, rarely very short (H. schizopetalus) or absent (H. lobatus). Calyx campanulate, rarely shallowly cup-shaped or tubular, 5-lobed or 5-dentate, persistent. Corolla usually large and showy, variously colored, often with dark center; petals adnate at base to staminal tube. Filament tube well developed, apex truncate or 5-dentate; anthers throughout or only on upper half of tube. Ovary 5-loculed or, as a result of false partitions, 10-loculed; ovules 3 to many per locule; style branches 5; stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, cylindrical to globose, valves 5, dehiscence loculicidal and sometimes partially septicidal or indehiscent (H. vitifolius Linnaeus). Seeds reniform, hairy or glandular verrucose. About 200 species: tropical and subtropical regions; 25 species (12 endemic, four introduced) in China. According to recent molecular studies (Pfeil et al., Syst. Bot. 27: 333–350. 2002), Hibiscus is paraphyletic, and as more taxa are sampled and a more robust phylogeny is constructed, the genus undoubtedly will be recast. Species of other genera of Hibisceae found in China, such as Abelmoschus, Malvaviscus, and Urena, fall within a monophyletic Hibiscus clade.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annuals/Tende Abutilon 'Dwarf Red' 9 Sun/Pt.Shade Really a Red Orange, but Nonetheless a Richly Colored Floriferous Flowering Maple Which Is Quite Compact at 15-18"
    Annuals/Tende Abutilon 'Dwarf Red' 9 sun/pt.shade Really a red orange, but nonetheless a richly colored floriferous flowering maple which is quite compact at 15-18". We like how it tolerates light frosts and continues to dazzle into November. 4" $10.00 Abutilon pictum 'Gold Dust' 8 pt.shade Mottled gold and green foliage on upright bushy plants, with salmon-orange flowers all year long. A great container plant! 4" $9.00 Abutilon 'Snowfall' 9 sun/pt.shade Pure white bells throughout the year,on bushy upright growing plants. Very bridal like apperance. Pinvh bamk regularly for more compact habit. 4" $10.00 Abutilon 'Victorian Lady' 9 sun/pt. shade This is the quite rare double form of flowering maple with pink flowers that resemble just opening old-fashioned rosebuds. It is difficult to propagate and so we must limit one per customer. Upright habit. 4" $12.00 Abutilon x 'Souvenier de Bonn'' 8 pt.sh/shade Striking white edged maple leaves, salmon bell-flowers veined with crimson and a sturdy upright habit make this is a great choice for large standards. 4" $10.00 Aeonium arboreum 'Scwarzkopf' 10 sun Shiny almost black fleshy leaved rosettes are born on sturdy stems that become tree-like with age. A must have specimen if you collect succulents. 4" $9.00 Alternanthera 'Gail's Choice' 8 sun/pt shade Dark maroon 1" wide leaves on sprawling stems and a vigorous habit distinguish this form of "Calico Plant". Great in pots, we also combined this with Lysimachia nummularia aurea (Golden Creeping Jenny) in our low lying wet soil are for an all summer show.
    [Show full text]
  • ICAR-NBPGR Bridging Science and Service (2012-2018)
    ICAR-NBPGR Bridging Science and Service (2012-2018) Editorial Team: Kavita Gupta, Sunil Archak, K Pradheep, Sandeep Kumar, Sherry R Jacob, Vandana Tyagi, Mukesh Kumar Rana, Sandhya Gupta, Jyoti Kumari, Gurinderjit Randhawa and Kuldeep Singh ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Pusa Campus, New Delhi- 110 012 Published by : The Director ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012 Citation : Kavita Gupta, Sunil Archak, K. Pradheep, Sandeep Kumar, Sherry R. Jacob, Vandana Tyagi, Mukesh Kumar Rana, Sandhya Gupta, Jyoti Kumari, Gurinderjit Randhawa and Kuldeep Singh (2019). ICAR-NBPGR Bridging Science and Service (2012-2018). ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India, 74 p. ©ICAR-NBPGR, 2019 ISBN No. 978-81-937111-3-2 All the researchers who have contributed information to this publication are duly acknowledged. This report includes unprocessed or semi-processed data, which would form the basis of scientific papers in due course. The material contained in the report, therefore, may not be made use of without the written permission of the Director, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi except for quoting it for scientific reference. Printed at : Malhotra Publishing House B-6, DSIDC Complex, Kirti Nagar, New Delhi - 110 015 Phone: 011-41420246 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS 1. Establishment and Growth of NBPGR 1 2. Plant Genetic Resources Management Network 5 3. Focused Augmentation of Germplasm 8 4. Conserving Diversity for Today and Tomorrow 15 5. Safeguarding Agriculture from Exotic Pests 17 6. Enhancing Germplasm Utilization 21 7. Genomics for PGR 30 8.
    [Show full text]