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O Gênero Pavonia Cav. (Malvaceae) No Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil

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O Gênero Pavonia Cav. (Malvaceae) No Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil O gênero Pavonia Cav. (Malvaceae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil MARTIN GRINGS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica como um dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Botânica, pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Ilsi Iob Boldrini Bolsa concedida pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- CAPES Apoio financeiro: Projeto Universal 472311/2009-3 CNPq Porto Alegre, 2011 1 ―Para el que mira sin ver la tierra es tierra no más‖ Atahualpa Yupanquí 2 Dedico este trabalho à Antonio Krapovickas, grande estudioso das malváceas, pela sua generosidade. 3 Agradecimentos Inicio agradecendo a todos que de alguma forma auxiliaram. Não é possível lembrar de todos. Mas cada um faz parte um pouco do meu trabalho, da minha vida durante estes dois anos de mestrado, estes nove anos de UFRGS. Agradeço: A minha família, sempre ao meu lado, por toda a força, amor, conselhos, liberdade que me deram e ainda me dão. Foram eles que me iniciaram nas ciências naturais, possibilitando- me o contato com a terra e o mato desde muito cedo. Ao meu irmão, futuro biólogo, com quem convivi estes últimos anos. À minha Orientadora, Drª Ilsi Iob Boldrini, por todo o seu auxílio, compreensão, conselhos, convívio, e sempre muita alegria compartilhada. Ao Engenheiro Agrônomo Antônio Krapovickas, renomado botânico e grande estudioso das malváceas, cujo apoio foi fundamental para este trabalho. Além do grande volume de bibliografia e dicas recebidas dele, pela sua amizade. A todos os colegas do Lev Camp e adjacências pela ajuda a qualquer hora, pelas risadas, chimarrões, cafés, vinhos com queijo, discussões, descidas ao RU (―vamo comê‖?). Especialmente ao Ângelo Alberto Schneider e ao Rafael Trevisan, que foram igual a co- orientadores do trabalho. Aos estagiários do LevCamp (Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre), Rodrigo Roland, Antônio Marcos Zuliani Lunkes, Guilherme Stahlberg Barreto, Volmar Vieira, Daniele Camaratta, Vanessa Modelski que estiveram presentes nestes dois anos e me auxiliaram em saídas de campo e montagem de exsicatas. À todas as outras pessoas que me acompanharam nas saídas de campo: Josi Cerveira, Anderson Santos Mello, Robberson Bernal Setubal, Rafael Paniz (―melena veia‖), Rogério Both, Nestor José Grings (meu pai), Rodrigo Cambará Printes, Iuri Buffon, Sìlvio Kronbauer, Ari M. Sanches, Clara Liberato, José Augusto Nunes Hirt, o barqueiro Daniel, Ângelo Alberto Schneider, Patrícia Rosa, Frédiny Bettin Colla (e sua família pela acolhida em Nova Prata), Martin Molz, Guilherme Dubal dos Santos Seger, Rodney Schmidt, Martin Molz, Rafael Trevisan, Tiago de Marchi, Marcos Molz, Rodrigo Leonel Lozano 4 Orihuela, Jaqueline Durigon, Rodrigo Endres, Luis Fernando Lima, Eduardo Pasini e Pedro Joel Silva Filho. À todos que coletaram malváceas para mim e disponibilizaram fotos: Rafael Trevisan, Ilsi Iob Boldrini, Guilherme Dubal dos Santos Seguer, Guilherme Fuhr, Pedro Abreu Ferreira, Bianca Ott Andrade, Priscila Porto Alegre Ferreira, Sérgio Bordignon, Irmão Alberto Knob, Paulo Brack, Rodney Schmidt, Laura C.P. Lima, Robberson Bernal Setubal, Cristiano Roberto Buzatto, Eduardo Pasini, João André Jarenkow, Mateus Grings, Michele K. Schlabitz, Lilian Eggers, Eduardo Luís Hettwer Giehl, Raquel Lüdtke, Marivana Rigo, Greta A. Dettke, Gabriela Hoff Silveira, Hilda Longhi-Wagner. Aos funcionários do herbário ICN e da biblioteca. Aos curadores e funcionários dos herbários visitados, em especial a: Sônia Heffler e Guilherme Bordignon Ceolin (HURG), Cléo Massan e Rosana Senna (HAS), Maria Salete Marchioretto (PACA), aos funcionários do IBONE (CTES), á Manuel Garcia (MVM), Liliana Delfino (MVJB), Mauricio Bonifacino e Eduardo Marchesi (MVFA), Clarisse Poliquesi (MBM). À Guilherme Stahlberg Barreto pelo auxílio na tradução para o inglês da primeira espécie nova. À Cristiano Roberto Buzatto pela elaboração das ilustrações, e por inúmeras sugestões. À SEMA, pela autorização de pesquisa em Unidades de Conservação concedida e ao acompanhamento por parte de Denise Mello Machado. Aos administradores e guarda- parques do Parque Estadual de Tainhas, APA da Rota do Sol, Parque Estadual do Espinilho, Reserva Biológica do Ibirapuitã, Reserva Biológica da Serra Geral, Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto, Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí. Ao grande professor e amigo Bruno Edgar Irgang, e a todos os outros professores de botânica que foram essenciais ao longo desta caminhada pelo mundo das plantas até o presente momento. São inúmeros e não cabe aqui citar todos. Mas creio que todos se sentem contemplados com a lembrança deste professor em especial. 5 À toda equipe do Laboratório de Geoprocessamento do Centro de Ecologia da UFRGS, em especial a Heinrich Hasenack, pela oportunidade me concedida de participar no projeto de Apoio ao licenciamento ambiental dos assentamentos do Incra no Rio Grande do Sul, onde viajei por todo o Estado e coletei algumas malváceas também. E também a Lúcio Lucateli pelo auxílio na confecção de mapa do segundo capítulo desta dissertação. À CAPES pela bolsa concedida. Ao CNPq pelo apoio financeiro ao projeto encaminhado ao Edital Universal 2009. 6 Sumário Apresentação .................................................................................................................... 10 Capítulo 1 – O gênero Pavonia Cav. no Rio Grande do Sul ............................................ 11 Resumo .............................................................................................................................. 12 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 13 Introdução .......................................................................................................................... 14 Material e Métodos ............................................................................................................ 18 Resultados e Discussão ...................................................................................................... 21 Chave para os gêneros da família Malvaceae-Malvoideae nativos no Rio Grande do Sul ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Descrição do gênero Pavonia ............................................................................................ 23 Chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero Pavonia nativas no Rio Grande do Sul ............................................................................................................................................ 26 1. Pavonia angustipetala Krapovickas & Cristóbal .......................................................... 33 2. Pavonia aurigloba Krapovickas & Cristóbal ................................................................ 35 3. Pavonia belophylla Hochreutiner ………………………………………………….… 38 4. Pavonia betonicaefolia C. Presl .................................................................................... 39 5. Pavonia communis A.St.-Hilaire ................................................................................... 41 6. Pavonia commutata Garcke ........................................................................................... 45 7. Pavonia cryptica Krapovickas & Cristóbal ................................................................... 46 8. Pavonia distinguenda A.St.-Hilaire & Naudin .............................................................. 48 9. Pavonia dusenii Krapovickas ........................................................................................ 52 10. Pavonia flavispina Miquel ........................................................................................... 54 11. Pavonia friesii Krapovickas ......................................................................................... 56 12. Pavonia glechomoides A.St.-Hilaire ………………………………………………... 50 13. Pavonia glutinosa Krapovickas & Cristóbal ............................................................... 62 14. Pavonia guerkeana R. E. Fries …………………………………………………….... 64 15. Pavonia hastata Cav. .................................................................................................. 66 16. Pavonia horrida Krapovickas ..................................................................................... 69 17. Pavonia kleinii Krapovickas & Cristóbal .................................................................... 71 7 18. Pavonia lanata R. E. Fries ........................................................................................... 73 19. Pavonia missionum Ekman ………………………………………………………….. 74 20. Pavonia nana R. E. Fries …………………………………………………………..... 77 21. Pavonia nemoralis A.St.-Hilaire & Naudin .………………………………………... 78 22. Pavonia orientalis Krapovickas …………………………………………………….. 80 23. Pavonia psilophylla Ekman ........................................................................................ 82 24. Pavonia ramboi Krapovickas & Cristóbal .................................................................. 85 25. Pavonia renifolia Krapovickas .................................................................................... 87 26. Pavonia reticulata Garcke ........................................................................................... 89 27. Pavonia rosengurttii Krapovickas & Cristóbal ........................................................... 92 28. Pavonia secreta Grings & Krapovickas …………………………………………….. 93 29. Pavonia
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