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BONPLANDIA 13(1-4): 35-115. 2004 LAS ESPECIES SUDAMERICANAS DE HIBISCUS SECC. FURCARIA DC. (MALVACEAE-HIBISCEAE) ANTONIO KRAPOVICKAS1 & PAULA. FRYXELL2 Summary: Krapovickas, A. & P.A. Fryxell. 2004. The South American species of Hibiscus sect. Fumaria DC. (Malvaceae-Hibisceae). Bonplandia 13(1-4): 35-115. ISSN: 0524-0476. The Hibiscus section Furcaria from South America is revised. Ten new species from Brasil are described: H. Andersonii, H. capitalensis, H. chapadensis, H. Gregoryi, H. Hochreutineri, H. itirapinensis, H. matogrossensis, H. Nanuzae, H. Saddii, H. Windischii, and a new one from Perú: H. Chancoae. Two new names are proposed: H. Hilarianus from Brasil and H. amambayensis from Paraguay. A key is provided to distinguish the 40 species of section Furcaria known from South America. Key words: Furcaria, Hibiscus, Malvaceae, South America, Taxonomy. Resumen: Krapovickas, A. y P.A. Fryxell. 2004. Las especies Sudamericanas de Hibiscus secc. Furcaria DC. (Malvaceae-Hibisceae). Bonplandia 13(1-4): 35-115. ISSN: 0524-0476. Se revisa la sección Furcaria del género Hibiscus para Sudamérica. Se describen 10 especies nuevas de Brasil: H. Andersonii, H. capitalensis, H. chapadensis, H. Gregoryi, H. Hochreutineri, H. itirapinensis, H. matogrossensis, H. Nanuzae, H. Saddii, H. Windischii y una nueva especie de Perú: H. Chancoae. Se proponen dos nuevos nombres: H. Hilarianus de Brasil e H. amambayensis de Paraguay. Se agrega una clave para diferenciar las 40 especies conocidas de la sección Furcaria en Sudamérica. Palabras clave: Furcaria, Hibiscus, Malváceas, Sudamérica, Taxonomía. El género Hibiscus L., con más de 200 pectinadas de sus semillas (Fig.l), con excep• especies, es muy heterogéneo, tanto por su ciones y por los lóbulos del cáliz con una variabilidad morfológica como cromosómica. costilla en la línea media y dos marginales Se lo ha dividido en numerosas secciones con sobresalientes, presentes en todas las especies. límites sobre los cuales no hay mucho acuerdo El número de cromosomas es muy uniforme entre los autores (Fryxell, 1997). con x=18 lo que indica un origen mono- Furcaria DC. es una de las secciones mejor filético. delimitadas, caracterizada por las glándulas La sección Furcaria del género Hibiscus L. del cáliz, con algunas excepciones, por las fue creada por Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle bractéolas del calículo bifurcadas, también en 1824 en el primer volumen del Prodromus, con algunas excepciones, por las escamas con 8 especies caracterizadas por las bractéo- 1IBONE, UNNE-CONICET, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Rep. Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Plant Resources Center, Section of Integrative Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin 78712, U.S.A. [email protected] 35 BONPLANDIA 13(1-4). 2004 Fig. 1, Escamas pectinadas de la semilla. A-C: Hibiscus Wilsonii (Krapovickas 33259) D-F- Hibiscus Pohlii (Cristóbal 662). Escala = 100 urn. 36 A.Krapovickas, Hibiscus secc. furcaria DC. (Malvaceae-Hibisceae) las del calículo bifurcadas o con un diente genomios (CDEF) con H. maculatus del grueso. En el mismo volumen publica la sec• Caribe. ción Sabdariffa, con dos especies, caracteriza• Menzel, Fryxell y Wilson (1983) estudian da por el calículo monofilo multidentado. Va• las relaciones citotaxonómicas de 12 espe• rias otras especies que ahora se consideran cies americanas de la sección Furcaria. 17 Furcarias las ubicó en las secciones Ketmia híbridos tetraploides mostraron completa (Mili.) DC.y Abelmoschus (Medik.) DC. homología meiótica, con la fórmula genó• Kosteletzky (1836) pasa a género las dos mica GGPP. Sin embargo todos los híbridos secciones de de Candolle creando Furcaria fueron estériles. Presentan una clave para (DC.) Kostel. y Sabdariffa (DC.) Kostel. El diferenciar 17 especies nativas y 4 especies primero con F. Roxburghii Kostel. (= H. africanas introducidas. hispidissimus Griff. [Wilson 1999: 55]) y F. Wilson (1994) actualiza la composición Cavanillesii Kostel. (= H. radiatus Cav.) y el genómica de las especies de la sección segundo con S. digitata (Cav.) Kostel. (= H. Furcaria. Encuentra 13 genomios: A, B, C, digitatus Cav.) D, E, G, H, J, P, R, V, X & Y. En la Tabla 1 Garcke (1874) circunscribe a la sección se presentan los números cromosómicos y Furcaria con la amplitud actual, trata como los genomios de las especies que viven en sinónimo a la sección Sabdariffa e incluye América. también especies que de Candolle ubicó en El mismo Wilson publica las revisiones otras secciones. de la sección Furcaria para Australia (1974), Gürke (1892) en Flora brasiliensis trata a la para la cuenca del Pacífico (1993) y para sección Furcaria con el mismo criterio de África y Asia (1999). Garcke (1874). En 1995, Wilson & Craven describen dos Hochreutiner (1900) publica una revisión nuevas especies para el NE de Australia. completa del género Hibiscus y define a la Craven, Wilson & Fryxell (2003) revisan sección Furcaria por nervios engrosados de los Hibiscus secc. Furcaria de Western los dientes del cáliz. Australia y Northern Territory, describen e Menzel y Wilson (1961) comienzan a pu• ilustran 13 especies nuevas y presentan una blicar sobre el comportamiento de los cromo• clave para diferenciar las 23 especies del somas en híbridos de especies pertenecientes a área. la sección Furcaria y a establecer las diferen• Fryxell & Krapovickas (2004) describen cias genómicas entre ellas. 6 especies nuevas de la sección Furcaria de Estos mismos autores (Menzel & Wilson, Bolivia y presentan una clave para distin• 1963) presentan los números cromosómicos guir las 16 especies de Hibiscus que viven de doce especies de la sección Furcaria entre en Bolivia, entre ellas 10 de la sección ellas algunas americanas: H. aculeatus Walt. Furcaria. (n=36), H bifurcatus Cav. (n=36), H. costatus Lam. (m=18)y H furcellatus Desr. (n=36). En la Fl de dos cruzamientos de H. bifurcatus x Distribución geográfica H. furcellatus encuentran un apareamiento completo. Figs. 2-6 Menzel & Wilson (1969) sobre la base de la morfología, análisis de híbridos y de la dis• En África viven 28 especies y en Asia 8 tribución geográfica establecen las relacio• (Wilson, 1999). nes genómicas entre 18 especies de la sec• En Australia viven 15 especies nativas y ción Furcaria. Encuentran que los genomios una naturalizada: H. sabdariffa. De las restan• (PQ) de América no se encuentran en el Vie• tes 13 son endémicas y una pantropical, H. jo Mundo y que en África se encuentra la diversifolius (Wilson, 1974). mayor variabilidad genómica (A, B, C, D, En la cuenca del Pacífico viven 5 especies, E, F, X e Y). El octoploide H. diversifolius 3 de ellas endémicas, H. diversifolius pantro• de distribución pantropical, comparte sus pical y H. furcellatus que vive también en 37 BONPLANDIA 13(1-4). 2004 Tabla 1. Cromosomas y genomios de Hibiscus secc. Furcaria de América, según Wilson (1994), Fernández & al. (2003) y Lavia & al. (2004). n 2n Geno testigo fuente Especies con el genomio G Africana H. sudanensis 18 G (Wilson, 1994) Americanas H. a cu leaf us 36 GP (Wilson, 1994) H. bifurcatus 36 GP (Menzel & al., 1983) H. capitalensis 36 GP Fryxell 1908 (Menzel & al., 1983, sub H. laxiflorus) Irwin 26663 H. cucurbit aceus 36 GP Anderson 8754 (Menzel & al., 1983) H. flagelliformis 72 GP Anderson 8291 (Menzel & al., 1983) H. furcellatus 36 GP Krap. 13979 (Menzel & aL, 1983) H. multiformis 36 GP Anders. 8946 (Menzel & al, 1983, sub H. kitaibelifolius) H. peruvianus 36 GP Prance 18700 (Menzel & al., 1983) 36 McDaniel 11898 (Menzel & al., 1983) H. div ers if o litis subsp. div ers if 72 CDEG (Wilson, 1994) subsp. Rivularis 72 1! H. m acula tus 90 CDEGR II Genomios desconocidos (americanas) H. cost atus 36 Krap. 23533 (Fernändez, 1974) 18 Fryx. 740 (Menzel & al., 1983) H. adsencionis 72 Krap. 31722 (Fernändez & al., 2003) H. Pohliï 72 Crist. 662 (Lavia & al., 2004) H. Wilsonii 72 Krap. 30188 II Especies con genomios A, B, Y (africanas) H. cannabinus 18 A (Wilson, 1994) H. Mec how ii 18 Y it H. Acetosella 36 AB H. radiât us 36 AB H. sabdariffa 36 AY América. (Wilson, 1993) vadas y suelen aparecer fuera de cultivo: H. En América del Norte llega hasta los 35° radiatus, H. Acetosella, H. cannabinus e H. lat. N (H. aculeatus), en Australia a los 35° sabdariffa. En cambio H. Mechowii que no se lat.S (H. diversifolius) y en América del la conoce como cultivada, fue coleccionada Sur a los 32° lat.S, en Rio Grande do Sul repetidas veces en las sabanas de Venezuela. (H. diversifolius). Un caso especial es el de H. diversifolius, En Sudamérica viven 40 especies de las especie pantropical, que en Sudamérica pre• cuales 5 son africanas, 4 de ellas son culti• senta la subsp. diversifolius únicamente en las 38 A.Krapovickas, Hibiscus secc. furcaria DC. (Malvaceae-Hibisceae) islas Galápagos, en el Pacífico y la subsp. En Bolivia viven 10 especies de la sección rivularis en la costa atlántica de Brasil, en Furcaria, de las cuales cuatro son endémi• lagunas de la restinga, entre Espirito Santo y cas. Rio Grande do Sul. Hibiscus bifurcatus e H. furcellatus son las especies de más amplia distribución, desde Utilidades Venezuela hasta el NE de Argentina y además hasta Centroamérica y México. Ambas viven a orillas de corrientes de agua, muchas veces Todas las especies de la sección Furcaria con las raíces submergidas. tienen flores grandes, llamativas por lo que En Brasil viven 20 especies exclusivas, es• merecen ser cultivadas en jardinería. Son culti• pecialmente en el cerrado o en campos rupes• vadas como ornamentales H. radiatus, H. tres. Además están H. Hasslerianus e H. acetosella e H. sabdariffa, como hortalizas H. amambayensis que también viven en zonas acetosella e H. sabdariffa y como productora limítrofes de Paraguay. En el norte vive H. de fibras H. cannabinus. Estas cuatro especies peruvianus, especie de las cuencas del Ama• son de origen africano y se han difundido zonas y del Orinoco en Colombia, Venezuela, prácticamente por todas las regiones tropica• Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia.
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  • Multi-Locus DNA Barcoding Identifies Matk As a Suitable Marker

    Multi-Locus DNA Barcoding Identifies Matk As a Suitable Marker

    Genome Multi -locus DNA barcoding identifies matK as a suitable marker for species identification in Hibiscus L. Journal: Genome Manuscript ID gen-2015-0205.R2 Manuscript Type: Note Date Submitted by the Author: 23-May-2016 Complete List of Authors: Sundar, Poovitha; SRM University Stalin, Nithaniyal; SRM University, Genetic engineering Raju, Balaji; SRM University, Genetic Engineering Madasamy,Draft Parani; SRM University, Genetic Engineering Keyword: Hibiscus, barcoding, matK, ITS2, divergence https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Page 1 of 24 Genome Multi-locus DNA barcoding identifies matK as suitable marker for species identification in Hibiscus L. Sundar Poovitha, Nithaniyal Stalin, Raju Balaji, Madasamy Parani* Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India. * Corresponding author Madasamy Parani, Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India. Tel.: 091-44-2741 7817; Fax: 091-44-2745 3622 E-mail address: [email protected] Draft 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Genome Page 2 of 24 Abstract The genus Hibiscus L. includes several taxa of medicinal value and species used for the extraction of natural dyes. These applications require the use of authentic plant materials. DNA barcoding is a molecular method for species identification, which helps in reliable authentication by using one or more DNA barcode marker. In this study, we have collected 44 accessions, representing 16 species of Hibiscus, distributed in the southern peninsular India, to evaluate the discriminatory power of the two core barcodes, rbcLa and matK together with the suggested additional regions, trnH -psbA and ITS2.
  • Circumscription of Murraya and Merrillia (Sapindales: Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) and Susceptibility of Species and Forms to Huanglongbing

    Circumscription of Murraya and Merrillia (Sapindales: Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) and Susceptibility of Species and Forms to Huanglongbing

    CIRCUMSCRIPTION OF MURRAYA AND MERRILLIA (SAPINDALES: RUTACEAE: AURANTIOIDEAE) AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SPECIES AND FORMS TO HUANGLONGBING Student: Nguyen Huy Chung Principal Supervisor: Professor G Andrew C Beattie, University of Western Sydney Co-supervisors: Associate Professor Paul Holford, University of Western Sydney Dr Anthony M Haigh, University of Western Sydney Professor David J Mabberley, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew Dr Peter H Weston, National Herbarium of New South Wales Date of submission: 31 August 2011 Declaration The work reported in this thesis is the result of my own experiments and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or institute of tertiary education. Nguyen Huy Chung 31 August 2011 i Acknowledgements I would first and foremost like to thank my supervisors, Professor Andrew Beattie, Associate Professor Paul Holford, Dr Tony Haigh, Professor David Mabberley and Dr Peter Weston for their generous guidance, academic and financial support. My research required collection of pressed specimens and DNA of Murraya from within Australia and overseas. I could not have done this without generous assistance from many people. I am thankful to Associate Professor Paul Holford and Ms Inggit Puji Astuti (Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesia) who accompanied me during the collection of samples in Indonesia; to Mr Nguyen Huy Quang (Cuc Phuong National Park) and Mr Nguyen Thanh Binh (Southern Fruit Research Institute), who travelled with me during collecting trips in the southern Việt Nam and to Cuc Phuong National Park in northern Việt Nam; to Dr Paul Forster (Brisbane Botanic Garden) who accompanied me during the collection of samples in Brisbane; and to Mr Simon Goodwin who accompanied me during the collection samples in the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney; to Dr Cen Yijing (South China Agricultural University) who travelled with Prof Beattie to collect specimens from Yingde, in Guangdong.
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1

    The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1

    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).