CAFOE Forum 2019 5G/B5G Key Technologies- Enabled High-Speed Railway Communications
Prof. Bo Ai Beijing Jiaotong University June 20-22, 2019 Outline
A Brief Overview of HSR Development Scenarios & Services of Future HSR 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR A Brief Overview of HSR Development
China： CRH Germany: ICE Japan: Shinkansen France: TGV Spain: AVE A Brief Overview of HSR Development
2018, HSR operation in China：27,000 km, 7.3 billion
Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intelligent HSR: 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games
The daily average traffic of city subway will exceed 200 million MB (2x1014). The annual average traffic of railway will exceed 2 trillion MB (2x1018). Rail passenger flow Data flow Cash flow
China The Others 67% 33%
The percentage of HSR "Fuxing" (rejuvenation) Bullet Trains operation mileages A Brief Overview of HSR Development
Distance: 800 km Average Speed: 260 km/h Travel time: 3 hours
Estimated Costs: • HST: $55.00 • Air: $120.00 • Car: $86.00 A Brief Overview of HSR Development
Icebreaker: China's high-speed railway contributes to USA prosperity
By: Lian Liu in San Francisco
From: 21st Century Business Herald Outline
A Brief Overview of HSR Development Scenarios & Services of Future HSR 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR Scenarios & Services of Future HSR
In 2009, Smart Railway In 2012, Future Railway Development
EU--Shift2Rail： “Smart Railway”
In 2016, EU: Shift2Rail IEEE: Smart Rail Series Scenarios & Services of Future HSR Scenarios & Services of Future HSR Scenarios & Services of Future HSR
Passengers
Virtual reality Webcast
Multi-media entertainment Videos Scenarios & Services of Future HSR
Onboard and trackside HD video Train multimedia scheduling surveillance information flow
Fully Automatic Operation IoT for Trains Scenarios & Services of Future HSR Categories Services
Bo Ai, Andreas Molisch, Markus Rupp, Zhandui Zhong. Smart Rail-Oriented 5G Key Technologies. Proceedings of IEEE, 2019. (under review) Scenarios & Services of Future HSR
Act Intelligent Plan Management and Decision- Data Collection and Fusion More In-depth Study making Data Mining Intelligent Do Processing Capacity
More Widely Interoperability IoT
More Thorough Perception Intelligent Ground Infrastructure +Intelligent Trains
Bo Ai, Andreas Molisch, Markus Rupp, Zhandui Zhong. Smart Rail-Oriented 5G Key Technologies. Proceedings of IEEE, 2019. (under review) Outline
A Brief Overview of HSR Development Scenarios & Services of Future HSR 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR
Multi-scenario, multi-indicator, multi- Petar Popovski @ technology system: important Aalborg University IEEE Fellow feature of 5G distinguishing from the previous generations! 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR
High-speed train
High-speed High-speed train train 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR
Monitoring of equipment, foreign Fully automatic objects, natural operation (FA0) environment, etc. Ultra-reliable low-latency communication
Internet of Things for HSR Reliable communication with large data size High transmission rate D2D/M2M communication
Wireless Millimeter wave communication resource management
Reliable Moving network transmission of information Wifi coverage, navigation in station Massive MIMO & beam management Precise positioning 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR
HSR communication environment characteristics
Bo Ai, Keynote Speech: Wireless Channel Modeling for High-Speed Railway. IEEE Globecom 2013 Workshop W12: Vehicular Network 1.High mobility Evolution, Atlanta, GA, USA, Dec. 9-13, 2013.
(above 350 Bo Ai et al. “Challenges Toward Wireless Communications for High- km/h) Speed Railway,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 15.5(2014):2143-2158. （ Analytical paper on high-speed rail 2. Diverse complex scenarios and technical challenges was selected for ESI hot cited paper (Top 0.1%) propagation environments
3. Frequency resources are severely constrained and interference
4. Always- online reliable Beijing-Shanghai HSR Zhengzhou-Xi’an HSR transmission KPI: Mission Critical, Safety Critical, Dependability, RAMS IoT for Railway—mMTC(1/2)
Wind level, rainfall and snow depth
Earthquake early warning and automatic emergency disposal
Automatic alarm and prevention of illegal intrusion IoT for Railway—mMTC(2/2) 1. Perception & Recognition Accurate perception
2. Communication Reliable, secure, and timely communication 3. Data Acquisition and Processing Accurate analysis of features
Challenges：Special requirements for mass access, high energy efficiency, low latency, and high reliability in HSR environments.
1. The coupling mechanism between environment and Interference information is not clear. Dynamic channel 2. The performance of autonomous mechanisms and Energy limit heterogeneous fusion technologies is not clear. Equipment heterogeneity 3. Information Fusion and Decision Face Challenges. Self-organization 4. Network performance optimization faces new Quality of service problems. Security Mm-Wave Commu.—emBB(1/3) Cellular Offloading (60GHz) Offloading (2.4/5GHz WiFi Offloading )
• mmWave Radar • mmWave Backhaul • mmWave Positioning Internet • mmWave M-MIMO Gateway Base Station • mmWave D2D • mmWave V2V
E-band Backhaul • mmWave UAV • mmWave Beamforming Cell • mmWave Fault Detec. • …… Mm-Wave Commu.—emBB(2/3) Sensitive to Blocking[Singh@JSAC'09] The sensitivity of mmWave links to blockage is due to their weak diffraction characteristics. Blockage by a human may increase the link loss by 20-30 dB. Human movement can cause intermittent transmission of mmWave links, resulting in a time-varying network topology.
@ 60 GHz
[Singh@JSAC’09] S. Singh, F. Ziliotto, U. Madhow, E. M. Belding, and M. Rodwell, “Blockage and directivity in 60 GHz wireless personal area networks: From cross-layer model to multi hop MAC design,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1400–1413, Oct. 2009. Mm-Wave Commu.—emBB(3/3)
H. Meinel, and A. Plattner, “Millimeter-Wave Propagation Along Railway Lines”， Proceedings of the IEEE，pp. 688–694，1983. Massive MIMO @ Mm-Wave for HSR—eMBB(1/2)
5G-R
Bo Ai et al. Future Railway Services Oriented Mobile Communications Network. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(10):78-85, 2015. Massive MIMO @ Mm-Wave for HSR—eMBB(2/2)
Beam Mana. Beam Forming Beam Alignment (Measurement, Sweeping) Beam Tracking Beam Recovery (Storage, Backup, Switching)
Bo Ai, et al., “On Indoor Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Channels: Measurement and Simulation,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1678–1690, Jul. 2017. （ESI highly-cited paper） Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Commu. (URLLC) According to IEC62279, the rail transit automation system is divided into 4 levels according to the degree of automation: GoA 1 to GoA 4.
GoA4：The highest level Fully automatic operation (FAO) Automated high-speed rail system
GoA：Grades of Automation Synchronous satellite Air World Integration Big Data Smart satellite Fast Data
Airship Unmanned aerial vehicle
Large Small BS BS
Small BS T2T Precise Positioning(1/2) mmWave GNSS Location
Fare gate NFC Outdoor A-GPS
D2D
VLC Indoor Precise Positioning(2/2) Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway has 10 stations
Zhangjiakou South Badaling Great Wall Station The total construction area of the The Badaling Great Wall Station is station is about 96,000 square located in the tunnel. It is located 102 meters. meters underground and covers an area of 36,000 square meters. It is the deepest underground high-speed railway station in the world.
Chongli
Xuanhua Qinghe Huailai Badaling Shahe North Beijing North
Zhangjiakou South Xiahuayuan North Donghuayuan North Changping Edge Computing Information Security
On-Board Computer Rail Circuit Man-machine Interface GSM-R Antenna
Rx Automatic Train Protection
Rail Circuit Radar Antenna Sensor Speed Balise Sensor Antenna Channel Modeling in HSR Scenarios(1/5)
CTCS-4 GSM-R
CTCS-3 GSM-R & Balise and Rail circuit
CTCS-2 Balise & Rail circuit
Main locomotive signal & Safe operation monitoring CTCS-1 and recording device Universal cab signal & Operation monitoring and CTCS-0 recording device
B. Ai, Z. Zhong, R. He.“Non-Stationarity Modeling for Propagation Channels in High Speed Railway Scenarios”, 10,000 Scientific Problems (Rail Transport volume), Book Series, Science Press, 2017. Channel Modeling in HSR Scenarios(2/5) Hata Model
PLAircom (dB)=+KKdKhKhKh1 2 log 10 ( ) ++3mm 4log 10 ( ) +5 log 10 ( b )
+K6log 10 ( hb ) log10 ( dKC ) ++7 Loss Aircom
Our Model Network Planning
Da-Xi HSR Line Channel Modeling in HSR Scenarios(3/5)
Suburban, 15 dB
Urban, 20 dB Hata
Viaduct, 15-20dB Cutting, 10 dB 35 Channel Modeling in HSR Scenarios(4/5)
Rail Furniture Channel Modeling in HSR Scenarios(5/5)
Link level software demo of 5G communications for high-speed railway. 37 5G/B5G Technologies for Future HSR Intelligent HSR, Smart HSR
• Intelligent & dependable communication network • Radio propagation mechanisms and channel characteristics • Always-online reliable transmission with high data rate at high moving speeds • Massive random access • Radio resource management • Cooperative integration of communication, computing and storage resources • Vertical industry applications 5G/B5G Key Technologies-Enabled High-Speed Railway Communications
Thanks！ Q & A