Drive Almost Through Maginot Eighth Army Pushes * a ▲- __ Through Defenses W on 20-Mile Front to Yanks Hope Reach Forts BULLETINS by the Associated Press

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Drive Almost Through Maginot Eighth Army Pushes * a ▲- __ Through Defenses W on 20-Mile Front to Yanks Hope Reach Forts BULLETINS by the Associated Press Weather Forecast Guide for Readers High near 86 today; pleasant. over week end. P»*e rate Amusements ..B-l* Obituary.A-li Temperatures today—Highest, 84, at Churches ...A-7-S-t Real Eatate—.B-l-3 1 p.m.; lowest. 71, at 6:25 am. Yes- Comics.B-8-9 Radio__B-# Editorials .A-6 terday—Highest, 89, at 3:36 pm.; low- Society.B-5 est, 73, at 6:50 am. Edltor’l Articles. A-7 Sports .B-4 Lost and Pound. A-3 Where to Go.—B-5 An Associated Press Newspaper 92d YEAH. Xo. 36,648. .WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 1944— *★ City Horn* Dsllrary. Dally and 8unday K /''U,VrTfi! 2, TWENTY PAGES. (So a Mo.. Whan S Sundays. 90c ® v^ILiN ID. Germans Report American Tanks Allies Breach 11 Miles From Frontier of Reich; Gothic Line in Northern Italy Drive Almost Through Maginot Eighth Army Pushes * a ▲- __ Through Defenses w On 20-Mile Front to Yanks Hope Reach Forts BULLETINS By the Associated Press. ROME, Sept. 2.—Fifteenth Bulgaria Near ROME, Sept. 2.—British 8th Of Siegfried Line Before Air Force Liberators ham- Army troops have broken the mered rail communications Nazis’ vaunted Gothic Line in Routed Foe and fighters strafed Nazi War on Italy along a 20-mile front, Can Dig In transport jamming the high- Nazis; opening the gates to the Po By thf Associated Press. ways in Yugoslavia today as Valley, Allied headquarters an- the German armies nounced today, and a SUPREME ALLIED apparent- spokesman HEADQUARTERS, Sept. ly began a mass flight out of Reds at declared it was only a matter of 2.—High-speed American columns pounded toward the Balkans. Border time before complete destruction of all German forces in from Verdun while their Five hundred Liberators Italy will Germany today, 1st Army Rioters in Sofia be accomplished. comrades pounded three rail bridges struck within 5 to 8 miles of on The Gothic Line Belgium and two rail yards on lines Call for operation is the a 30-mile Action front west of Sedan. which air headquarters said next to the last phase in the Italian (The Berlin radio declared American armor in were “handling enemy troops Against Germany campaign. The fortifications there and supplies moving up from represent the next to the last pre- the push Verdun has reached the By the Associated Press. beyond Romania, Bulgaria and Greece HIW pared German position of depth and vicinity MOSCOW, Sept. 2.—Bulgaria of 11 through Yugoslavia.” in Thionville, only miles from the German fron- reached a turning point today importance Italy. The retreat evidently was While the British broke tier. This would mean a j as rioters in Sofia clamored for troops dash through most of the the Russian impelled by war against Germany and the through the bristling defenses near old French armies | Maginot Line, and within some 20 miles crossing Romania, Red Army raced along her north- the Adriatic to a depth of 4 miles, threatening to cut off Hitler's of Saar River of the ern border at a rate which in a the American 5th Army crossed the outposts Siegfried Line where Balkan forces. few days should bring it to the Arno River from Florence west to Hitler to may hope establish a homeland defense. spot where Yugoslavia, Romania the sea. LONDON —Berlin radio and The Americans were Bulgaria join. Heavy Fighting Rage*. racing the routed Germans said that American today ine country waited lor the forma i Kent to had 1 Removed 1,500 District Man Reunites French Heavy fighting raged along the the fortifications in an effort to reach them be- troops entered the west- tion of a new government following front as the Germans threw in re- ern part of Brest, the big Brit- the resignation of Premier Ivan Ba- fore the foe has an to inforcements. opportunity man them in tany port, after a heavy at- grianov, who stepped out even while Red Cross Leader and Husband his were Embassy Documents, Part of the spectacular American strength. Thionville is on the west bank of the tack. peace delegates meeting wdth American and British repre- Mme. Emil Wife of advances was accomplished by Moselle sentatives in Cairo. Krug, Champagne King, River, 17 miles above Metz). Official colored troops of the 92d Infantry Russian armor under Gen. Rodion Report Says The Released From Nazi Concentration CamD Division who smashed across the battle for France was in a Allied Planes ■ ending blazing victory, Ships, Y. Malinovsky was probably less Waived for Arno in the face of heavy resistance with promise of swift liberation of the Low Countries where than 150 miles from Northeast Immunity By THOMAS R. HENRY, me. You see I used to head the Star War Correspondent and struck the Yugoslavia, driving across the plains French Red Cross." southeast to the slopes Germans had unleashed flood waters. Hit Positions on Trial in Britain, State NEAR THE BELGIAN BORDER. Jap between the Transylvania Alps and Kept Incommunicado. of the dominating Pisano Hill mass Sept. 2.—Back from a concentration The pace of the advance—^ith official word the Danube, apparently seeking to Reveals Then Mme. Krug told Mr. Skarren behind Pisa which has afforded the lagging' Department camp where she was held as a sus- behind make contact with Marshal Tito's she was not allowed to communicate correspondents’ the pected Jewess. Mme. Emil Krug, enemy excellent observation over the reports—suggested doughboys Chichi Jima Island Yugoslav Partisans and to cut off Bv JOSEPH H. BAIRD. with any one outside the camp for former president of the French Red entire west coast sector. by now were in in the Germans in Bulgaria and two years. She was released wheni likely Belgium, perhaps already Luxem- In the first complete report on Cross and wife Greece. of the millionaire the At the same time American and Radio Declores the and Germans left three days before; troops bourg, probably would be on the Reich’s borders some- Tokyo arrest conviction of Ty- champagne king of France, was re- of Planes Ahead of Tanks. and had come to Paris with other! Japanese ancestry occupied the time this Installations ler G. Kent, clerk in the Ameri- united with her husband by an southwest of the week end. Shelled; Red Army planes kept well ahead internees. She couldn't locate friends. slopws Pisano mass. can Embassy in London, by American Red Cross worker from of the tanks, getting the lay of the Mr. Skarren arranged appropriate A communique said 8th Army to Davao Also Attacked British courts in Washington. Her benefactor was Nearly Belgian Border. land and scattered 1940, the State accommodations for Mme. Krug and' British, Indian. Polish and Cana- strafing groups Charles Skarren of 4476 Reservoir By the Associated Press. fleeing out of Romania. Department today revealed that then drove to Reims with a letter,1 dian troops, sweeping forward from While Lt. Gen. S. Patton’s 3d thundered road N.W., Red Cross representa- George Army Allied and carrier he had taken more than 1,500 where he found Mme. Krug's hus- the Metauro River on warships Soviet units across Bulgaria's! tive with the 9th Division. August 26, eastward from the Verdun the 1st of band in a palatial man- their 15 miles area, Army Lt. Gen. planes hit Chichi Jima in the frontiers were in full view of Bui- documents from the Embassy, five-story fought way through Mr. Skarren left his at the sion, stuffed with Red Cross supplies: difficult country "and have now Courtney H. Hodges reached Charleville and Hirson. Bonin Islands, the Tokyo radio garians in numerous villages which I some of which are believed to jeep swing- curb and found shelter in a Paris for the French Army which he had broken through the enemy's elabo- reported today, in the first sig- spot the southern banks of the have been transmitted to Ger- ing within 5 to 8 miles of on a front of 30 miles. store when the Notre Dame Cathe- collected awaiting deliverance day. rately prepared defenses." Belgium nificant move in the Pacific Danube. Thus was expected to' have many. dral battle started last Saturday. In Reims today I dined with the Virtually paralleling the Americans’ northward British a big psychological effect on a peo- Last Enemy Defense Line. push. theater in several days. Kent's arrest, it was revealed, was leader of the local armored who He was followed inside by a be- French resist- columns jabbed 15 miles northeast of Arras to Douai, 14 The pie traditionally have been pro- "Thus.” the communique added, report, without Allied con- authorized by the American Embas- •wildered, woman who said ance for the past three years. He miles from Russian. The swift march of the elderly "the last Belgium, and raced over Vimy Ridge of World War fame firmation. said the shelled which waived his im- is Marcel Thil, former enemy prepared defense warships Red sy, diplomatic timidly. "I saw the Red Cross on world mid- to within 18 miles of Armentieres and Lille. the island while 100 Army likely played a big part line south of the Po River has been carrier-based munity after agents from Scotland your car. I thought you might help iSee the fall of Bagrianov's govern-' HENRY, Page A^3 breached.” Capture of Abbeville, near the Somme's was not planes carried out a bombing at- Yard had evidence successfully mouth, yet ment. presented impli- tack Iwo Jima also was A from the front claimed, but British and Canadian troops linked up between that i Friday.
Recommended publications
  • The Gothic Line
    Green is Bologna Discover the Gothic Line © Martino Viviani © Martino Viviani Walking along the paths of the Gothic Line means retracing the history and the events that involved the men and women who fought in what was the last German defensive outpost during the Italian Campaign. Between October 1944 and April 1945, the Bologna Apennines were the setting of large battles between the German army and the allied forces advancing from the south of the Italian peninsula. The historic itinerary unwinds from west to east: it starts at Lake Scaffaiolo in the Corno alle Scale Regional Park and arrives in Tossignano in the Park of the Vena del Gesso Romagnolo. Milan Venice Bologna Florence Rome How to find us Bologna is easy to reach using the main means of transport. Bologna Bologna G. Marconi Airport Bologna Central Station Motorways (A1-A14) Gothic Line Trekking Lake Scaffaiolo 1st Stage: Length: 15.8 km Difference in level:+600 -1,800 Duration: 6 h Rocca Corneta 2nd Stage: Length: 14 km Difference in level:+600 -1150 Duration: 5 h Abetaia 3rd Stage: Iola Length: 15,1 km Difference in level:+500 -490 Duration: 5 h Castel d’Aiano 4th Stage: MdSpè Length: 20 km Difference in level:+750 -1,300 Duration: 7 h Vergato 5th Stage: Monte Salvaro Length: 15,6 km Difference in level:+850 -660 Duration: 6 h Monte Sole 6th Stage: Vado Length: 21 km Difference in level:+1050 -1000 Duration: 7 h Brento Livergnano 7th Stage: Monte delle Formiche Length: 16,5 km Difference in level:+1100 -1200 Duration: 6 h Monterenzio 8th Stage: Monte Cerere Length: 21 km Difference in level:+700 -800 Duration: 7 h S.
    [Show full text]
  • US Fifth Army History
    FIFTH ARMY HISTORY 5 JUNE - 15 AUGUST 1944^ FIFTH ARMY HISTORY **.***•* **• ••*..•• PART VI "Pursuit to the ^rno ************* CONFIDENTIAL t , v-.. hi Lieutenant General MARK W. CLARK . commanding CONTENTS. page CHAPTER I. CROSSING THE TIBER RIVE R ......... i A. Rome Falls to Fifth Army i B. Terrain from Rome to the Arno Ri\ er . 3 C. The Enemy Situation 6 CHAPTER II. THE PURSUIT IS ORGANIZED 9 A. Allied Strategy in Italy 9 B. Fifth Army Orders 10 C. Regrouping of Fifth Army Units 12 D. Characteristics of the Pursuit Action 14 1. Tactics of the Army 14 2. The Italian Partisans .... .. 16 CHAPTER III. SECURING THE FIRST OBJECTIVES 19 A. VI Corps Begins the Pursuit, 5-11 June 20 1. Progress along the Coast 21 2. Battles on the Inland Route 22 3. Relief of VI Corps 24 B. II Corps North of Rome, 5-10 June 25 1. The 85th Division Advances 26 2. Action of the 88th Division 28 CHAPTER IV. TO THE OMBRONE - ORCIA VALLEY .... 31 A. IV Corps on the Left, 11-20 June 32 1. Action to the Ombrone River 33 2. Clearing the Grosseto Area 36 3. Right Flank Task Force 38 B. The FEC Drive, 10-20 June 4 1 1. Advance to Highway 74 4 2 2. Gains on the Left .. 43 3. Action on the Right / • • 45 C. The Capture of Elba • • • • 4^ VII page CHAPTER V. THE ADVANCE 70 HIGHWAY 68 49 A. IV Corps along the Coast, 21 June-2 July 51 1. Last Action of the 36th Division _^_ 5 1 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The London Gazette of TUESDAY, 6Th JUNE, 1950
    jRtttnb, 38937 2879 SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette OF TUESDAY, 6th JUNE, 1950 Registered as a newspaper MONDAY, 12 JUNE, 1950 The War Office, June, 1950. THE ALLIED ARMIES IN ITALY FROM SRD SEPTEMBER, 1943, TO DECEMBER; 1944. PREFACE BY THE WAR OFFICE. PART I. This Despatch was written by Field-Marshal PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND THE Lord Alexander in his capacity as former ASSAULT. Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies in Italy. It therefore concentrates primarily upon Strategic Basis of the Campaign. the development of the land campaign and the The invasion of Italy followed closely in time conduct of the land battles. The wider aspects on the conquest of Sicily and may be therefore of the Italian Campaign are dealt with in treated, both historically and strategically, as reports by the Supreme Allied Commander a sequel to it; but when regarded from the (Field-Marshal Lord Wilson) which have point of view of the Grand Strategy of the already been published. It was during this- war there is a great cleavage between the two period that the very close integration of the operations. The conquest of Sicily marks the Naval, Military and Air Forces of the Allied closing stage of that period of strategy which Nations, which had been built up during the began with the invasion of North Africa in North African Campaigns, was firmly con- November, 1942, or which might, on a longer solidated, so that the Italian Campaign was view, be considered as beginning when the first British armoured cars crossed the frontier wire essentially a combined operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Un Anno in Tossignano: a Micro-History of the Santerno Valley 1944-45
    Un Anno in Tossignano: A Micro-History of the Santerno Valley 1944-45 By Maria Etienne Submitted to Professor Alexander Kitroeff and Linda Gerstein In partial fulfillment of the requirements of History 400: Senior Thesis Seminar April 25th, 2014 Abstract During the last year of the Second World War in Italy, the Allied forces assaulted the Wehrmacht’s last great line of defense in Italy—the Gothic line. Un Anno in Tossignano examines the effects of that passing warfront on the people of Tossignano and the surrounding villages in the Santerno Valley—an area on the south-eastern edge of the Apennine Mountains in the middle of the Gothic Line. This thesis is a chronological micro-history that tells the story of this small but old mountain village and the valley below during the almost-year long Allied assault on the Gothic line of defense. The specific nature of this clash of foreign military forces changed the social and political structures of the inhabitants of Tossignano and the Santerno Valley. This thesis analyzes the way the war transformed local and national identities as the villagers’ relationships with their occupiers, Italians—both collaborator and partisans, and their liberators also changed. 2 Acknowledgments My sincere and everlasting gratitude goes to my Uncle Sergio Caroli. Without his invaluable help not only as a librarian but also as a translator and tour guide, this thesis wouldn’t exist. I’d like to thank Professor Kitroeff for putting up with my stubbornness all year and Professor Gerstein for her patience and clarifications. I’d like to thank my family for supporting me through this process, listening to rants about military tactics, and offering criticisms on those rants.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa to the Alps the Army Air Forces in the Mediterranean Theater
    The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Africa to the Alps The Army Air Forces in the Mediterranean Theater Edward T. Russell and Robert M. Johnson AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM 1999 Africa to the Alps The Army Air Forces in the Mediterranean Theater By the time the United States declared war on Germany and Italy on December 11, 1941, most of Europe had fallen under the domination of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany’s Third Reich. In the west, only Great Britain, her armies expelled from the European continent, re- mained defiant; in the east, Hitler faced an implacable foe—the Sovi- et Union.While the Soviets tried to stave off a relentless German at- tack that had reached Moscow, Britain and her Commonwealth allies fought a series of crucial battles with Axis forces in North Africa. Initially, America’s entry into the war changed nothing. The Unit- ed States continued to supply the Allies with the tools of war, as it had since the passage of the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941. U.S. military forces, however, had to be expanded, trained, equipped, and deployed, all of which would take time. With the United States in the war, the Allies faced the question of where American forces could best be used. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston S. Churchill had al- ready agreed that defeating first Germany and then Japan would be their policy, but that decision raised further questions. Roosevelt wanted U.S. troops in combat against German troops as soon as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • The Brazilian Participation in World War II
    The Brazilian Participation in World War II A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Military History by Carlos José Asumpção Penteado, LtCol, Cav, Brazilian Army Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2006 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how Brazil participated in World War II shoulder to shoulder with the Allies and what this participation brought to the country. During the 1930s, when the relationship between Brazil and Germany was improving yearly, and when it was supposed Brazil would support Germany in case of war, Brazilian leaders could drive the country to support the Allies cause, mainly the United States of America, allowing this country to set aerial bases in Brazilian North East region, in order to facilitate a connection with North of Africa. Moreover, the option in sending a Brazilian Expeditionary Force (BEF) to fight for the Allied in Italy was one of the most important decisions in Brazilian history. It was the first time that Brazil would take part in a war away from South America. The BEF did its best to well represent Brazil, overcoming several difficulties since its preparation and eventually, showing the Brazilian soldiers could fight as equal as the best soldiers in that war. Brazilian participation is almost unknown by countries away from South America, even here in United States; however, this participation was responsible for several transformations in Brazilian's nation powers. After the war, Brazil became the most powerful and wealthy country in South America.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Edition 2019
    September 2019 September The Magazine of the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Italy EAGLE TOUR 19 Special Edition #WEARENATO / 1 NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Italy Ubique Celere CONTENTS BATTLEFIELD TOUR/STAFF RIDE DIDACTIC VALUE: THE IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF MILITARY HISTORY, BATTLEFIELD TOURS AND STAFF RIDES FOR MULTINATIONAL HEADQUARTERS IN THE 21ST CENTURY. /NRDCItaly Maj. Gen. (retd.) Scollo, Italian Army THE GOTHIC LINE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND @NRDCITA 1 Col. Cacciagrano, Italian Army JOINT FIRE PLAN NRDC ITA 2Col. Smith, British Army CONDUCT AN ARMORED ATTACK AGAINST A DEFENSIVE LINE NRDC-Italy 3Col. Cacciagrano, Italian Army MOUNTAIN WARFARE, TERRAIN EXPLOITATION AND LOGISTIC CONSTRAINTS 4Ltc. Sotlar, Slovenian Army, Ltc. Baessato, Italian Army Everywhere Rapidly is the authorized of- and Maj. Hoxhaj, Albanian Navy cial publication of the NATO Rapid De- ployable Corps, Italy. All editorial content EXPLOITATION OF SUCCESS AND RESERVE COMMITMENT of the Everywhere Rapidly is approved Maj. Snitko-Dottarelli, Lituanian Army by the NRDC-ITA Commander, at “ Ugo 5 Mara” barracks, via per Busto Arsizio, 20 - AIR AND NAVAL SUPPORT 21058 Solbiate Olona , Varese, Italy. TO OPERATIONS 6Col. Andreozzi, Italian Air Force Everywhere Rapidly is published by the Public Affairs Ofce. Contents of the and Commander Marzollo Italian Navy Everywhere Rapidly are not necessarily the ofcial views of, or endorsed by the HOW TO INTEGRATE COMBAT AND COMBAT SUPPORT UNITS North Atlantic Treaty Organization and IN DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS IN ORDER the Nations thereby represented. All 7 TO MAINTAIN TEMPO intellectual property rights, including Col. Cacciagrano, Italian Army copyright in the content displayed on the everywhere rapidly, belong to their INVOLVEMENT OF A NEUTRAL COUNTRY IN THE WAR respective owners.
    [Show full text]
  • The Italian Campaign
    HISTORICAL FACTSHEET 1 of 3 The Italian Campaign INTRODUCTION The Second World War began in 1939. Soon, most The Italian Campaign was an important military of Europe was under German control. In 1941, effort for Canada during the war. More than 93,000 Germany invaded the Soviet Union and vicious Canadians, along with their allies from Great fighting broke out on the Eastern Front. By 1943 Britain, France and the United States, played a the Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin, asked for help from vital role. As they pushed from the south to the the other Allied leaders to ease the pressure of this north of Italy over a 20-month period, Canadians attack. The Allies agreed to help and decided to faced difficult battles against some of the German use Italy (which was aligned with Germany) as a army’s best troops. They fought in the dust and platform to attack enemy territory in Europe and heat of summer, the snow and cold of winter, and help divert German resources from the Eastern the rain and mud of the spring and fall. Front. This effort became known as the Italian Campaign. HISTORICAL FACTSHEET 2 of 3 COMING ASHORE IN SICILY lose Italy and seized control. The fall of Sicily cleared the way for the Allies’ next step: landing in mainland Italy. The Italian Campaign began with the Allied landings on the island of Sicily in the south of Italy. Canadian LIBERATING MAINLAND ITALY soldiers from the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade had an active and important The Allies came ashore in mainland Italy on September role in this effort, codenamed “Operation Husky.” 3, 1943.
    [Show full text]
  • War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945
    Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2011 Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945 Lynda Lamarre Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lamarre, Lynda, "Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 596. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/596 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HEROES OR TERRORISTS? WAR, RESISTANCE, AND MEMORIALIZATION IN TUSCANY, 1943-1945 by LYNDA LAMARRE (Under the Direction of Charles S. Thomas) ABSTRACT This thesis will delve into the unfolding of the Italian Resistance, from an underground association to a militant organization, which aided and facilitated the Allied advance to northern Italy. Particular emphasis will be placed on the actions and consequences of the Resistance in rural Tuscany and their affect on the local population. It will examine the changing views of Italian society, from the immediate post-war era and the decades that followed, with a brief examination of the cinematographic influences on the social views. It will include the debate over who deserves a commemorative monument and the divided and changed memory regarding the Resistance. Finally, the author will examine the current debate over the most appropriate way to memorialize the complicated and tumultuous struggle to free Italy over sixty years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Avanti Savoia!
    Forca Expedicionaria Brasileira (Brazilian Expeditionary Force) in Italy, 1944 to 1945 French Expeditionary Corps Expeditionary French By Ken Camel, Jonathan Forsey, and Wayne Turner UPDATED ON 20 JANUARY 2014 BRASIL 1 BRASIL The Cobra is Smokin’ BRASIL The Brazilian 1st Expeditionary Infantry Division (1st DIE, for Divisão de Infantaria Expedicionária) in WWII. One of the lesser known contributors to the allied cause, the started in early 1943 with the goal of fielding three Infantry Brazilian Division fought in Italy in the 1944-45 period. Divisions to be deployed in three echelons. However, the sheer size of the task in recruiting, training, THE BRAZILIAN ARMY equipping, and shipping, with a lack of sea transport, Brazil sent observers to the French Army in World War I ultimately resulted the FEB being one Infantry Division subsequently establishing a French Military Mission to assist st the Brazilian Army modernize towards the French model. (Divisão de Infantaria Expedicionária, or 1 DIE for The mission was terminated in 1939 with the start of the short), under General Mascarenhas de Moraes, and a fighter war. squadron of 25,334 men. Though small by most Allied country standards it represented a major effort for Brazil. The between war years saw the politics of Brazil move economically towards both the United States and Germany. The Division comprised the following Infantry Regiments: Getulio Vargas came to power with the backing of the Army • 1st Infantry Regiment (Sampaio) from the area of Rio de in 1929. As a dictator, Vargas was sympathetic to the economic Janeiro woes of Germany and during the thirties commerce between Brazil and the new Nazi regime quadrupled.
    [Show full text]
  • Battle of Monte Cassino
    Battle of Monte Cassino 17 January thru 18 May 1944 Monte Cassino Abbey in November 2004 The Battle of Monte Cassino (also known as the Battle for Rome and the Battle for Cassino) was a costly series of four assaults by the Allies against the Winter Line in Italy held by the Germans and Italians during the Italian Campaign of World War II. The intention was a breakthrough to Rome. At the beginning of 1944, the western half of the Winter Line was being anchored by Germans holding the Rapido, Liri, and Garigliano valleys and some of the surrounding peaks and ridges. Together, these features formed the Gustav Line. Monte Cassino, a historic hilltop abbey founded in AD 529 by Benedict of Nursia, dominated the nearby town of Cassino and the entrances to the Liri and Rapido valleys, but had been left unoccupied by the German defenders. The Germans had, however, manned some positions set into the steep slopes below the abbey's walls. 1 Fearing that the abbey did form part of the Germans' defensive line, primarily as a lookout post, the Allies sanctioned its bombing on 15 February and American bombers proceeded to drop 1,400 tons of bombs onto it. The destruction and rubble left by the bombing raid now provided better protection from aerial and artillery attacks, so, two days later, German paratroopers took up positions in the abbey's ruins. Between 17 January and 18 May, Monte Cassino and the assaulted four times by Allied troops, the last involving twenty divisions attacking along a twenty-mile Gustav defenses were front.
    [Show full text]
  • The 10Th Indian Division in the Italian Campaign, 1944-45: Training, Manpower
    THE 10TH INDIAN DIVISION IN THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN, 1944-45: TRAINING, MANPOWER AND THE SOLDIER’S EXPERIENCE By MATTHEW DAVID KAVANAGH A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of MA BY RESEARCH, HISTORY School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham September 2014 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This dissertation will observe the capabilities and experience of the Indian Army in the Second World War, by examining the 10th Indian Division’s campaign in Italy. The focus will be on three themes of the division’s deployment to Italy; its training, manpower and the experience of the Indian soldier. Whilst these themes are part of the wider historiography of the Indian Army; there has been no significant study of these topics in relation to Italy, which this work seeks to redress. Observing the division’s training and manpower will indicate its capabilities during the Second World War. How did the Indian Army maintain an expeditionary force far from its home base, given the structural weaknesses in its recruitment and organisation? Did the Indian Army’s focus on the war in Japan, and jungle warfare, have a detrimental effect on the training of troops deployed to Italy? The reforms that the Indian Army, made to its training and organisation were critical in overcoming the difficulties that arose from campaigning in Italy.
    [Show full text]