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Indiana Glaciers.PM6
How the Ice Age Shaped Indiana Jerry Wilson Published by Wilstar Media, www.wilstar.com Indianapolis, Indiana 1 Previiously published as The Topography of Indiana: Ice Age Legacy, © 1988 by Jerry Wilson. Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Jerry Wilson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 For Aaron and Shana and In Memory of Donna 3 Introduction During the time that I have been a science teacher I have tried to enlist in my students the desire to understand and the ability to reason. Logical reasoning is the surest way to overcome the unknown. The best aid to reasoning effectively is having the knowledge and an understanding of the things that have previ- ously been determined or discovered by others. Having an understanding of the reasons things are the way they are and how they got that way can help an individual to utilize his or her resources more effectively. I want my students to realize that changes that have taken place on the earth in the past have had an effect on them. Why are some towns in Indiana subject to flooding, whereas others are not? Why are cemeteries built on old beach fronts in Northwest Indiana? Why would it be easier to dig a basement in Valparaiso than in Bloomington? These things are a direct result of the glaciers that advanced southward over Indiana during the last Ice Age. The history of the land upon which we live is fascinating. Why are there large granite boulders nested in some of the fields of northern Indiana since Indiana has no granite bedrock? They are known as glacial erratics, or dropstones, and were formed in Canada or the upper Midwest hundreds of millions of years ago. -
Archeological and Bioarcheological Resources of the Northern Plains Edited by George C
Tri-Services Cultural Resources Research Center USACERL Special Report 97/2 December 1996 U.S. Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Archeological and Bioarcheological Resources of the Northern Plains edited by George C. Frison and Robert C. Mainfort, with contributions by George C. Frison, Dennis L. Toom, Michael L. Gregg, John Williams, Laura L. Scheiber, George W. Gill, James C. Miller, Julie E. Francis, Robert C. Mainfort, David Schwab, L. Adrien Hannus, Peter Winham, David Walter, David Meyer, Paul R. Picha, and David G. Stanley A Volume in the Central and Northern Plains Archeological Overview Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 47 1996 Arkansas Archeological Survey Fayetteville, Arkansas 1996 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Archeological and bioarcheological resources of the Northern Plains/ edited by George C. Frison and Robert C. Mainfort; with contributions by George C. Frison [et al.] p. cm. — (Arkansas Archeological Survey research series; no. 47 (USACERL special report; 97/2) “A volume in the Central and Northern Plains archeological overview.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56349-078-1 (alk. paper) 1. Indians of North America—Great Plains—Antiquities. 2. Indians of North America—Anthropometry—Great Plains. 3. Great Plains—Antiquities. I. Frison, George C. II. Mainfort, Robert C. III. Arkansas Archeological Survey. IV. Series. V. Series: USA-CERL special report: N-97/2. E78.G73A74 1996 96-44361 978’.01—dc21 CIP Abstract The 12,000 years of human occupation in the Northwestern Great Plains states of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota is reviewed here. -
Stages 1-3 Archaeological Assessment Of
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment for the Proposed Development of 5155 Mississauga Road Within Part of Lot 1, Concession 4 WHS In the Geographic Township of Toronto (New Survey) Historical County of Peel City of Mississauga Regional Municipality of Peel Ontario Project #: 053-MI1606-16 Licensee (#): Nimal Nithiyanantham (P390) PIF#: P390-0173-2016 Original Report April 29th, 2016 Presented to: City Park (Old Barber) Homes Inc. 950 Nashville Road Kleinburg, Ontario L0J 1C0 T: 905.552.5200 Prepared by: Archeoworks Inc. 16715-12 Yonge Street, Suite 1029 ARCHEOWORKS INC. Newmarket, Ontario L3X 1X4 T: 416.676.5597 F: 647.436.1938 STAGE 1-2 AA FOR THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF BARBER HOUSE CITY OF MISSISSAUGA, R.M. OF PEEL, ONTARIO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archeoworks Inc. was retained by City Park (Old Barber) Homes Inc. to conduct a Stage 1-2 AA in support of the proposed commercial and residential development of common element townhouses at municipal address 5155 Mississauga Road, which will herein be referred to as the “study area”. The study area is located within part Lot 1, Concession 4 West of Hurontario Street (WHS) (or Centre Street), in the Geographic Township of Toronto (New Survey), historical County of Peel, City of Mississauga, Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario The Stage 1 AA identified elevated potential for the recovery of archaeologically significant materials within the study area. Elevated archaeological potential was determined based on the close proximity (within 300 metres) of: historic structures, historic transportation routes, designated and listed cultural heritage resources, a cultural heritage landscape, a commemorative marker, a registered archaeological site and secondary water sources. -
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment
STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DUNLOP STREET WEST MUNICIPAL CLASS EA PARTS OF LOT 24, CONCESSIONS 5 TO 7 GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF VESPRA NOW CITY OF BARRIE COUNTY OF SIMCOE STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DUNLOP STREET WEST MUNICIPAL CLASS EA, PARTS OF LOT 24, CONCESSIONS 5 TO 7, GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF VESPRA, NOW CITY OF BARRIE, COUNTY OF SIMCOE Prepared for: Nathan Farrell, MCIP, RPP, CAN CISEC Environmental Planner McIntosh Perry Consulting Engineers Ltd. 400 2010 Winston Park Drive, Oakville, ON L6H 5R7 Phone: (289) 351-1206 Email: [email protected] Re: Municipal Class EA, Schedule C Prepared by: Lesley Howse, Ph.D. Associate Archaeologist Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. 4534 Bolingbroke Road, R.R. #3 Maberly, ON K0H 2B0 Phone: (613) 267-7028 Email: [email protected] PRAS Project No.: PR19-011 Licensee: Adam Pollock, M.A., Licence P336 Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. P.I.F. No.: P336-0254-2019 Date: June 17th, 2019 Original Report Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Dunlop Street West Municipal Class EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Mr. Nathan Farrel, Environmental Planner, McIntosh Perry Consulting Engineers Ltd., provided overall project administration and logistical assistance. PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Manager Jeff Earl, M.Soc.Sc. (P031) Licence Holder Adam Pollock, M.A. (P336) Historical Research Lesley Howse, Ph.D. Drafting Adam Pollock Report Writing Lesley Howse and Jamie Lawson, M.A. Report Review Jeff Earl ii Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Dunlop Street West Municipal Class EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Past Recovery Archaeological Services Inc. was retained by McIntosh Perry Consulting Engineers Ltd., acting as project planners on behalf of the City of Barrie, to undertake a Stage 1 archaeological assessment as part of a Municipal Class Environmental Assessment (MCEA) for improvements to a portion of Dunlop Street West, with consideration for additional improvements for all intersection legs. -
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G6rv -TA-r-0001w1-~15'. w I Reow-s+ .f£JY ca~~ - SC~ S 6~~ Per~i - fr - -- ._ J;' "'""'"""' j i LUl:J : _:JI resourceful. naturally. BARR engineering and environmental consultants - ---··------' I - ~ I r 12/18/2015 Attn: Claudia Smith EPA Region 8 Air Program {8P-AR) 1595 Wynkoop Street Denver, CO, 80202 Re: Request for Coverage under the General Air Quality Permit for New or Modified True Minor Source Stone Quarrying, Crushing, and Screening Facilities in Indian Country Dear Ms. Smith: On behalf of U.S Silica, enclosed is an application for a general permit to request coverage under the General Air Quality Permit for New or Modified True Minor Source Stone Quarrying, Crushing, and Screening Facilities in Indian Country. U.S. Silica {USS) is proposing construction of a new rail transload facility to transport silica sand from rail cars to trucks near Parshall, North Dakota in support of ongoing oil and gas development in the Bakken region. We have reviewed the criteria for coverage under this permit per 40 CFR Part 49 and the guidance materials found on EPA's Tribal Minor New Source Review website and have determined that it meets the applicable requirements. In addition to the application, we have included supplemental information in this application package to aid your review of this request including: site diagram, process flow diagrams, emission calculation documentation, equipment information on dust collection units, endangered species act review documentation, and documentation that the requirements of the screening process per the National Historic Preservation Act have been completed. If you have any questions or require additional information for a complete review of this request for coverage, please contact Rachel Ames at (952) 832-2845 or [email protected] or Lori Stegink at (952) 832- 2633 [email protected]. -
"Vision Pits", Cairns and Petroglyphs at Rock Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario
NOBLE: VISION PITS. CAIRNS AND PETROGLYPHS 47 WILLIAM C. NOBLE (Accepted April 12th, 1968) "Vision Pits", Cairns and Petroglyphs at Rock Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario INTRODUCTION This report represents an account of a series of pits, cairns and petroglyphs excavated, mapped and documented at Rock Lake, Algonquin Park, during August 15 to September 6, 1962. The work, directed by the author with the capable assistance of Mr. John M. Young, was carried out for Dr. J. Norman Emerson of the Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, on a research grant supplied by the Canada Council. The site has been known ever since the late summer of 1939 when Dr. Emerson received his introductory experiences in Ontario archaeology at Rock Lake under Mr. Kenneth E. Kidd (1948). At that time Mr. Kidd's three- man party excavated over 600 square feet of the late prehistoric campsite on the sandy beach at the extreme north end of Rock Lake (Fig. 1 ) . During the 1939 excavation, Dr. Emerson had occasion to cross the north end of the lake to examine the west shore near the entrance of the Madawaska River draining from Whitefish Lake to the north. At a short distance south of this entrance he located a series of stonelined pits heavily camouflaged by underbrush and tree cover. Those pits readily visible, he subsequently mapped with a transit and a system of marker flags. The 1939 party emerged from Rock Lake to find World War II underway, and no further work was done in this area until 1962. In July, 1962, Dr. -
Minnesota Statewide Multiple Property Documentation Form for the Woodland Tradition
Minnesota Statewide Multiple Property Documentation Form for the Woodland Tradition Submitted to the Minnesota Department of Transportation Submitted by Constance Arzigian Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse July 2008 MINNESOTA STATEWIDE MULTIPLE PROPERTY DOCUMENTATION FORM FOR THE WOODLAND TRADITION FINAL Mn/DOT Agreement No. 89964 MVAC Report No. 735 Authorized and Sponsored by: Minnesota Department of Transportation Submitted by Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse 1725 State Street La Crosse WI 54601 Principal Investigator and Report Author Constance Arzigian July 2008 NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. Aug. 2002) (Expires 1-31-2009) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. __X_ New Submission ____ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Woodland Tradition in Minnesota B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) The Brainerd Complex: Early Woodland in Central and Northern Minnesota, 1000 B.C.–A.D. 400 The Southeast Minnesota Early Woodland Complex, 500–200 B.C. The Havana-Related Complex: Middle Woodland in Central and Eastern Minnesota, 200 B.C.–A.D. -
Algonquin Highlands Master Fire Plan for the Entire Township
Algonquin Highlands Fire Services Master Fire Plan 2012-2017 Algonquin Highlands Fire Services November 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It took a team of dedicated individuals to put this Master Fire Plan together. Their contributions throughout both phases of the master fire planning process are much appreciated. The Algonquin Highlands Fire Services and municipal Council would like to acknowledge and publicly thank them for their contribution. PHASE ONE: November 2007 to July 2010 Steering Committee John Hogg, Fire Chief Lorne Mitchell, Chief Administrative Officer Eleanor Harrison, Reeve Carol Moffatt, Councillor Diane Griffin, Councillor Don Egan, Office of the Fire Marshal Cynthia Hammond, Office of the Fire Marshal Melanie Arsenault, Office of the Fire Marshal Dennis Gannon, Office of the Fire Marshal Clint MacKay, Ted Keown and Keith Thomas, District Chiefs Working Committee John Hogg, Fire Chief Dennis Gannon, Office of the Fire Marshal Don Egan, Office of the Fire Marshal Clint MacKay, Ted Keown and Keith Thomas, District Chiefs Ken Williams, Captain Firefighters at all three Stations Gary Monahan, Huntsville Assistant Chief and Training Officer PHASE TWO: January 2011 to April 2012 Steering Committee John Hogg, Fire Chief Angie Bird, Chief Administrative Officer Carol Moffatt, Reeve Gord Henderson, Councillor Don Egan, Office of the Fire Marshal Melanie Arsenault, Office of the Fire Marshal Vincent Liu, Office of the Fire Marshal Working Committee John Hogg, Fire Chief Ted Keown and Keith Thomas, District Chiefs Dan Flynn and Ken Williams, Acting District Chiefs Ryan Reesor, Chief Training Officer 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Purpose of the Plan.................................................................................... -
Red River Valley Water Supply Project Class I Cultural Resources Inventory and Assessment, Eastern North Dakota and Nortwestern Minnesota
RED RIVER VALLEY WATER SUPPLY PROJECT CLASS I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT, EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA AND NORTWESTERN MINNESOTA Michael A. Jackson, Dennis L. Toom, and Cynthia Kordecki December 2006 ABSTRACT In 2004-2006, personnel from Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, conducted a Class I inventory (file search) for the Red River Valley Water Supply Project (RRVWSP). This work was carried out in cooperation with the USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Dakotas Area Office, Bismarck, ND. The file search dealt with hundreds of cultural resource sites across much of eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. Archeological sites, architectural sites, site leads, and isolated finds were examined for 14 North Dakota counties and four Minnesota counties. Five different action alternatives were investigated to determine the number and types of previously recorded cultural resources located within each. Each alternative was ranked in terms of its potential to cause impacts to cultural resources, both known and (presently) unknown. Analysis indicated that the Red River Basin Alternative (#3) has the largest potential for cultural resource site impacts. From a least-impact cultural resources perspective, the other four alternatives represent the best, least-impact options for construction of the RRVWSP. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................ii -
Lithic Raw Material Characterization and Technological Organization of a Late Archaic Assemblage from Jacob Island, Kawartha Lakes, Ontario
LITHIC RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF A LATE ARCHAIC ASSEMBLAGE FROM JACOB ISLAND, KAWARTHA LAKES, ONTARIO A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario © Copyright by Kathleen S. Elaschuk 2015 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program May 2015 Abstract Lithic Raw Material Characterization and Technological Organization of a Late Archaic Assemblage from Jacob Island, Kawartha Lakes, Ontario Kathleen S. Elaschuk The objective of this thesis is to document and characterize the raw material and technological organization of a Late Archaic assemblage from Jacob Island, 1B/1C area (collectively referred to as BcGo-17), Peterborough County, Kawartha Lakes, Ontario. The purpose of this research is to gain a greater understanding of the Late Archaic period in central Ontario; particularly information on locally available raw material types (i.e., Trent Valley cherts) and regional interaction. My aim is to define the range of materials exploited for stone tool production and use, and to explore how variation in material relates to variation in economic strategies; I also complete a basic technological study. The collected data is then compared to temporally and geographically similar sites, and used to interpret possible relationships between acquisition practices, technology choices, and mobility. It was found that although the assemblage agrees with some of the mobility and raw material utilization models from south-western Ontario, many do not explain what was occurring on Jacob Island. Keywords: Ontario archaeology, Archaic, lithic technology, Trent chert, lithic economic strategies, lithic raw material, mobility, exchange, Trent Valley archaeology ii Acknowledgements This thesis would not have come to completion without the support of numerous people. -
Recent Advances in North American Pleistocene Stratigraphy Richard Foster Flint Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
5 Recent advances in North American Pleistocene stratigraphy Richard Foster Flint Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. Introduction The Glacial Map of North America (FLINT and others 1945) assembled the essentials of what was known of North American Pleistocene stratigraphy as of 1942; the map data were amplified by FLINT (1947). Since the map appeared, a large volume of field work by many geologists and some other scientists has resulted in much new information. The discussion that follows is a review of some of the more important advances made during the last decade, but chiefly during the last five years. Extent of Nebraskan drift sheet The outermost drift in southeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, and northern Missouri had been thought to be probably Nebraskan, the oldest of the four American drift sheets. This opinion was based partly on the inference that because much of that drift consists only of scattered boulders, the drift must be the residuum of a sheet of till from which the fines had been removed by erosion, and that such removal must have required a long time. This argument loses force when it meets the fact that much of the drift in question cocupies a much-dissected belt of country with steep slopes, fringing the Missouri River, and some geologists have suspected that the outermost drift is not Nebraskan (First glacial) but Kansan (Second glacial). This view has been strengthened by test borings made in eastern Nebraska (E. C. REED, unpublished) and northeastern Kansas (FRYE & WALTERS 1950) where the outermost drift consists largely of continuous till. -
Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes
35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed.