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Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Pinnacle View Subdivision Development Prepared for: Kevin Mooder Jp2g Consultants Inc. 1150 Morrison Dr, Suite 410 Ottawa, ON K2H 8S9 Phone: 613-828-7800 Fax: 613- email:[email protected] Prepared by: Cameron Heritage Consulting 5021-25 Civic Centre Road Petawawa, ON K8H 0B1 Phone (613) 281-3838 email: [email protected] C.H.C. Project #2017011A PIF Number:P371-0017-2017 Courtney Cameron (License Number P371) ORIGINAL REPORT March 2, 2018 Cameron Heritage Consulting Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Pinnacle View Subdivision Development EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment was completed under the scope of the Planning Act in preparation for the construction of a housing development in Renfrew, ON. The Proposed Development Area (PDA) is located within Lot 14 Concession 1, Horton Township (Geo.), Town of Renfrew, County of Renfrew, Ontario. The PDA is approximately 15 ha and is bounded on the southwest by an old rail bed, to the southeast and northeast by the backyards of houses along Aberdeen Street, Mason Avenue and McAndrew Ave, and to the northwest an agricultural field. The Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment included consultation with local heritage organizations, reviews of aerial imagery, archaeological potential maps, national topographic maps, physiographic maps and early maps of the area. In addition, information regarding known archaeological sites in the vicinity, land grants, and historical reference books for the PDA was reviewed. A site visit to assess archaeological potential was conducted November 29, 2017. Based upon the review of background material and the site visit, there are areas with and without potential for the presence of archaeological resources within the PDA. There is an existing storm sewer located within the PDA which extends from the former shopping centre lands through the PDA to the River. Construction of the storm sewer has disturbed a small portion of the PDA significantly and; therefore, this area does not retain archaeological potential and no further archaeological work is recommended. There is approximately 1 ha in the north that has about 1 m of fill. While archaeological potential may remain under the fill, the thickness of the fill makes it difficult to test, therefore, no further archaeological work is recommended for this area. The rest of the PDA retains potential for the presence of archaeological resources. It is recommended that these areas undergo Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment walkover prior to any construction activities. The Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment study was completed by Courtney Cameron M.A., (P371) Archaeologist with Cameron Heritage Consulting. PIF #P371-0017-2017 Cameron Heritage Consulting 2! Report #20170011A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Pinnacle View Subdivision Development Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................2 PROJECT PERSONNEL....................................................................................... 5 1. PROJECT CONTEXT .....................................................................................6 1.1.Objectives ...........................................................................................................................6 1.2.Development Context ........................................................................................................6 2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT ..................................................................................7 2.1.Palaeo-environmental History ...........................................................................................7 2.2.Pre-Contact Period ............................................................................................................9 2.3.Algonquin Oral History ....................................................................................................12 2.4.Algonquin History ............................................................................................................14 2.4.1.Proto-Historic Period ................................................................................................15 2.4.1.Iroquoian or Beaver Wars .........................................................................................17 2.4.1.The French Regime 1701 until 1759 ........................................................................18 2.4.1.Pre-Confedration British Colonial Period 1760 to 1867 ..........................................19 2.4.1.Post-Confederation Federal-Provincial Colonial Period ..........................................22 2.5.Post-Contact Period ........................................................................................................27 2.6.Property History ...............................................................................................................27 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS/ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT ...........................................28 3.1.Current Environmental Conditions ..................................................................................28 3.1.1.Physiographic Conditions .........................................................................................28 3.1.2.Hydrological Conditions ..........................................................................................29 3.1.3. Geological and Soil Conditions ............................................................................29 3.2.Existing Heritage Plaques and Monuments ....................................................................29 3.3.Built Heritage and Cemetery locations ............................................................................30 3.4.Previous Archaeological Assessments and Potential Mapping .......................................30 3.5.Existing Archaeological Sites and Previous Archaeological Work ...................................30 4. FIELD METHODS/OPTIONAL PROPERTY INSPECTION ............................................31 5. ANALYSIS ................................................................................................32 PIF #P371-0017-2017 Cameron Heritage Consulting 3! Report #20170011A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Pinnacle View Subdivision Development 5.1.Analysis of Pre-Contact Context .....................................................................................32 5.2.Analysis of the Post-Contact Context ..............................................................................33 5.3.Analysis and Conclusions of the Field Visit and Existing Conditions. .............................35 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................35 7. ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION ....................................................36 8. REPORT CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS ...........................................................38 9. REFERENCES ...........................................................................................39 9.1.Personal Communication ................................................................................................43 10.FIGURES (MAPS AND PLATES) .......................................................................44 11.PHOTOGRAPHS .........................................................................................60 PIF #P371-0017-2017 Cameron Heritage Consulting 4! Report #20170011A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Pinnacle View Subdivision Development PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Manager and Licensee Courtney E.G. Cameron Report Author Courtney E.G. Cameron Ken Swayze Project Research Courtney E.G. Cameron Field Work Courtney E.G. Cameron Assessment, Analysis and Report Preparation Courtney E.G. Cameron Peer Review Ken Swayze PIF #P371-0017-2017 Cameron Heritage Consulting 5! Report #20170011A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Pinnacle View Subdivision Development 1. PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1.Objectives Projects that require an Archaeological Assessment in the province of Ontario start with a Stage 1 Background Study. The Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS, 2011) document outlines the purpose and requirements for conducting a Stage 1 Background Study. This study “documents the property’s archaeological and land use history and present condition” (MTCS 2011). The information used in this study is garnered from several sources. These sources can include, but are not limited to: • A review of the Ministry of Tourism Culture and Sport’s (MTCS) Archaeological sites database for archaeological sites that have been recorded within a one km radius of the Project Development Area (PDA). • A review of archaeological assessments that have taken place within a radius of 50 m of the PDA. • A review of historical maps, and of maps containing topographic, geological and other natural feature information • A review of the databases of historic places, commemorative plaques or monuments around the PDA. • A review of any available archaeological management plans, archaeological potential mapping or other archaeological documents of the general area. • A visual inspection of the PDA The information gathered will be used to determine the potential for the presence of archaeological resources within the PDA, and to develop recommendations based on the results. 1.2.Development Context The Bonnechere Development Corporation is proposing to construct a housing development on part of Lot 14 Con 1, Town of Renfrew Township of Horton (Geo.), County of Renfrew, ON (Figures 1, 2, and
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