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Red River Valley Water Supply Project Class I Cultural Resources Inventory and Assessment, Eastern North Dakota and Nortwestern Minnesota

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Red River Valley Water Supply Project Class I Cultural Resources Inventory and Assessment, Eastern North Dakota and Nortwestern Minnesota RED RIVER VALLEY WATER SUPPLY PROJECT CLASS I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT, EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA AND NORTWESTERN MINNESOTA Michael A. Jackson, Dennis L. Toom, and Cynthia Kordecki December 2006 ABSTRACT In 2004-2006, personnel from Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, conducted a Class I inventory (file search) for the Red River Valley Water Supply Project (RRVWSP). This work was carried out in cooperation with the USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Dakotas Area Office, Bismarck, ND. The file search dealt with hundreds of cultural resource sites across much of eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. Archeological sites, architectural sites, site leads, and isolated finds were examined for 14 North Dakota counties and four Minnesota counties. Five different action alternatives were investigated to determine the number and types of previously recorded cultural resources located within each. Each alternative was ranked in terms of its potential to cause impacts to cultural resources, both known and (presently) unknown. Analysis indicated that the Red River Basin Alternative (#3) has the largest potential for cultural resource site impacts. From a least-impact cultural resources perspective, the other four alternatives represent the best, least-impact options for construction of the RRVWSP. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................................vi 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED UNDERTAKING..................................................................... 1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1.1 Class I Project Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1.1 Project Location and Alternatives..................................................................................................... 1.2 General Project Methodology and Data Sources............................................................................. 1.2 Specific File Search Methodology.................................................................................................. 1.10 2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL SETTING ................................................................................ 2.1 Physiographic Overview of Eastern North Dakota........................................................................... 2.1 Cultural-Historical Overview of Eastern North Dakota ..................................................................... 2.3 Paleoindian Period (9500-5500 B.C.) ........................................................................................... 2.3 Plains Archaic Period (5500-500 B.C.) ......................................................................................... 2.5 Plains Woodland Period (500 B.C.-A.D. 1200)............................................................................. 2.5 Minnesota Woodland Period (500 B.C.-A.D. 1700) ...................................................................... 2.7 Plains Village Period (A.D. 1200-1800) ........................................................................................ 2.7 Historic Period (A.D. 1800-present) .............................................................................................. 2.9 Physiographic Overview of Northwestern Minnesota .................................................................... 2.10 Cultural-Historical Overview of Northwestern Minnesota............................................................... 2.10 Precontact Period........................................................................................................................ 2.10 Fur Trade Period......................................................................................................................... 2.15 American Period.......................................................................................................................... 2.16 3. PREVIOUS CULTURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH......................................................................... 3.1 Eastern North Dakota Overview....................................................................................................... 3.1 Northwestern Minnesota Overview .................................................................................................. 3.4 4. RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCE SITES IN THE SEVEN ALTERNATIVES............................. 4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 4.1 Recorded Site Types........................................................................................................................ 4.1 Prehistoric Archeological Sites ..................................................................................................... 4.1 Prehistoric Site Leads and Isolated Finds................................................................................... 4.12 Historic Archeological Sites........................................................................................................ 4.12 Historic Architectural Sites.......................................................................................................... 4.12 Historic Site Leads and Isolated Finds........................................................................................ 4.13 Cultural Resources Work at Recorded Sites.................................................................................. 4.13 Site Evaluations and NRHP Eligibility ............................................................................................ 4.13 Overview of Recorded Sites in Each Alternative............................................................................ 4.14 North Dakota In-Basin Alternative (#2) ....................................................................................... 4.14 Red River Basin Alternative (#3)................................................................................................. 4.20 Garrison Diversion Unit (GDU) Import to Sheyenne River Alternative (#4)................................ 4.21 Garrison Diversion Unit (GDU) Import Pipeline Alternative (#5)................................................. 4.22 Missouri River to Red River Valley Alternative (#6).................................................................... 4.23 Closing Remarks ............................................................................................................................ 4.24 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter Page 5. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................... 5.1 Previous Cultural Resources Surveys.............................................................................................. 5.1 Recorded Cultural Resource Sites................................................................................................... 5.1 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 5.2 Final Caveat ..................................................................................................................................... 5.2 6. MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 6.1 7. REFERENCES CITED ........................................................................................................................ 7.1 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... enclosed CD-Rom iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1.1. Summary of Counties and Townships in the Project Area According to Proposed Alternatives ................................................................................................................................... 1.9 3.1. Substantive Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted in North Dakota within RRVWSP Alternative Study Areas................................................................................................................. 3.3 4.1. Summary of Cultural Resource Sites According to Proposed Alternative.................................... 4.2 4.2. Summary of Cities Encountered According to Proposed Alternative ........................................... 4.8 4.3. Summary of Cultural Resource Site Type Classes According to Proposed Alternative............... 4.9 4.4. Summary of Cultural Resource Site Types in North Dakota According to Proposed Alternative ................................................................................................................................... 4.10 4.5. Summary of Cultural Resource Site Types in Minnesota According to Proposed
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