Bridge Across the River Nile Daraja Juu ya Mto Nile Pont sur le Nil Mark Mwandosya E & D Vision Publishing Dar es Salaam E & D Vision Publishing Limited P. O. Box. 4460 Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Email:
[email protected] Website: www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz Bridge Across the River Nile © Mark Mwandosya, 2017 ISBN: 978 9987 735 54 9 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of E&D Vision Publishing Limited. Dedication To: Isaac James Mwandosya (RIP), Segelile Ifunga Magombe (RIP); and Lucy Akiiki Marunga, Max, Sekela, Emmanuel, Tusekile and Lusekelo; and Christina Masika, Godfrey, Joyceline and Digna. iii Table of Contents Dedication . iii List of Figures. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. v List of Images. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. v List of Maps .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. vii List of Tables . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. viii Abbreviations ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ix Preface . .. xiv Acknowledgements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. xxxi 1. About the River Nile . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2. Engineering in the Nile River Basin . 33 3. The River Nile and the Nile Basin in the 19th Century ... .. .. .. 77 4. Understanding the River Nile through Treaties in the 20th Century . 84 5. Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia and the Nile Water Treaties . 90 6. Nyerere Doctrine on State Succession . .. 107 7. Rules and Regulations for the Utilisation of International Watercourse Systems . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 119 8 Towards a Permanent Mechanism for Cooperation in the Nile Basin... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 132 9. Conflict and Cooperation on theWaters of the Nile.. .. .. .. .162 10. Regional and Zonal Institutions in the Nile Basin. .. .. .. .. .. 185 11. International Transboundary Water Basins... .. .. .. .. .. .. 200 12. Egypt and the River Nile Basin . .. 223 13. South Sudan: A New State in the River Nile Basin..