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Report on the United Republic of Tanzania General Elections of 2015

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Report on the United Republic of Tanzania General Elections of 2015 REPORT ON THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA GENERAL ELECTIONS OF 2015 Featuring Six Constituencies’ Countermanded Elections LEGAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS CENTRE (LHRC) & TANZANIA CIVIL SOCIETY CONSORTIUM FOR ELECTION OBSERVATION (TACCEO) Dar es Salaam TANZANIA LEGAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS CENTRE & TANZANIA CIVIL SOCIETY CONSORTIUM FOR ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORT ON THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS OF UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PUBLISHERS LHRC & TACCEO Justice Lugakingira House, Kijitonyama P.O Box 75254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel.: +255222773038/48 Fax: +255222773037 Email: [email protected] Website: www.humanrights.or.tz PARTNERS ISBN: 978-9987-740-24-6 © LHRC & TACCEO March, 2016 ii EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. Helen Kijo-Bisimba Adv. Imelda Lulu Urio Adv. Hamis Mkindi Adv. Anna Henga Ms. Geline Fuko Mr. Evans Sichwale ELECTION OBSERVERS 200 Long Term Observers 2,100 Short Term Observers DATA ANALYSTS/CONSULTANTS Ric Net (Uganda) NDI (USA) TECHNICAL TEAM/COORDINATORS LHRC & TACCEO’s Election Observation Unit 9 Technical Officers 66 Data Clerks REPORT WRITERS Adv. Clarence Kipobota (M/s. Ledeco Advocates) Mr. Onesmo Olengurumwa LAYOUT & DESIGN Rodrick Maro iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Copious people and institutions have contributed in facilitating the Tanzania Civil Society Consortium for Election Observation (TACCEO) under the Legal and Human Rights Centre’s (LHRC) coordination to conduct election observation, assessment of the electoral processes, documenting of data all over the country, publication and dissemination of this report. LHRC/TACCEO wishes to acknowledge, in a very special way, the generous financial contributions from its development partners (USAID, Royal Norwegian Embassy, KPMG-Act Tanzania, DfID and Embassy of Sweden) for their immense collaboration and support which facilitated the observation and documentation of the 2015 general and countermanded elections incidents in all regions of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar. Principally, LHRC/TACCEO managed to cover all polling districts in 2015 compared with previous years. Sincere gratitude also goes to TACCEO’s members, SAHRiNGON, TAMWA, TGNP Mtandao, FORDIA, Leadership Forum, TAHURIFO, ZLS, WLAC, YPC, LHRC, Policy Forum, MPI, ACCORD, HakiMadini, LEAT, and TANLAP for supplying human and technical resources, plus ensuring that the election observation was conducted in line with TACCEO’s observation criteria. Moreover, TACCEO appreciates the good work performed by its secretariat, the LHRC, through the leadership of Dr. Helen Kijo-Bisimba; Adv. Hamis Mkindi; Adv. Harold Sungusia; Ms. Geline Fuko; Mr. Evans Sichalwe; Mr. Majaliwa Ngailo; Adv. Anna Henga; and so many others including the 200 long term and 2,100 short terms observers who were deployed all over the country. Many thanks also to the technical supporters including Ric Net (Uganda); NDI (USA); and the 66 Data Clerks. Additionally, special thanks to Adv. Clarence Kipobota from LEDECO Advocates and Mr. Onesmo Olengurumwa from THRDC for compiling field and other sources’ election data in a form of this report. Heartfelt gratitude is also extended to the National Electoral Commission (NEC) for offering observation permits; government institutions including the police, district commissioners, regional commissioners and local government officials for being ready to respond to issues raised, including verification of the incidents reported in this report; and other non-government organizations, media, electoral candidates, political parties and individual voters for availing themselves as sources of information. Acknowledgement and appreciation are conveyed to various sources of the inputs used in this report including pictures, media clips, statistics and figures, which we could not specifically indicate the sources. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF PICTURES .................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF MEDIA CLIPS ............................................................................................................ xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................. xviii PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. xxii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... xxiv CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 1.1 TANZANIA: COUNTRY PROFILE ................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Location and Administrative Divisions .................................................................... 1 1.1.2 People, Culture and Demographic Features .............................................................. 2 1.1.3 Governance Structures .............................................................................................. 3 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO TACCEO ....................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Inception and Institutional Setup of TACCEO ......................................................... 6 1.2.2 About the LHRC ....................................................................................................... 7 1.2.3 TACCEO in a Stronger Grip with CEMOT ............................................................. 8 1.2.4 Essence and Rationale of Election Monitoring and Observation ............................. 8 1.2.5 Objectives of Election Observation .......................................................................... 9 1.3 LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL ELECTION OBSERVATION (AND MONITORING) STANDARDS ........................................................................................ 9 1.4 METHODOLOGY OF ELECTION OBSERVATION.................................................... 11 1.4.1 Observation Sampling: Scope and Criteria ............................................................. 11 1.4.2 Observation Approaches: Intra and Inter Coordination of Elections ...................... 12 1.5 COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT .................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER TWO: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS ON ELECTIONS22 2.1 ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN A BRIEF HISTORICAL CONTEXT ................................ 22 2.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................. 24 2.2.1 Election System and Types of Elections ................................................................. 24 2.2.2 Electoral Laws ........................................................................................................ 25 2.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 32 2.3.1 Authorities with Primary Responsibilities on Elections ......................................... 32 2.3.2 NEC and ZEC ......................................................................................................... 32 2.3.3 Office of the Registrar of Political Parties .............................................................. 33 2.3.4 Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau .................................................. 35 2.3.5 Judiciary – Adjudication of Election Cases ............................................................ 37 2.4 ACTION POINTS ABOUT LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS ......... 42 CHAPTER THREE: PRELIMINARY ELECTION PROCESSES ...................................... 43 3.1 INTRODUCTION: TANZANIA ELECTION CYCLE ................................................... 43 3.2 VOTERS’ REGISTRATION............................................................................................ 44 3.3 DEMARCATIONS OF CONSTITUENCIES .................................................................. 50 3.4 NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES ................................................................................ 51 3.4.1 Overview and Legal Qualifications ........................................................................ 51 v 3.4.2 Presidential Candidacy ............................................................................................ 54 3.5 VOTERS’ EDUCATION AND CIVIC AWARENESS .................................................. 75 3.6 PARTIES’ MANIFESTOS FOR 2015 ELECTIONS ...................................................... 80 3.6.1 Essence of Election Manifestos .............................................................................. 80 3.6.2 ACT-WAzalendo Manifesto ................................................................................... 81 3.6.3 CCM Manifesto ...................................................................................................... 81 3.6.4 UKAWA/CHADEMA Manifesto ........................................................................... 82 3.6.5 Common Threads of Parties’ Manifesto ................................................................
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