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Anuar Biologie 2015.Pdf CUPRINS Abrevieri ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Simboluri şi măsuri............................................................................................................................ 4 Prefaţă ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Capitolul 1. Introducere .................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Infrastructura şi direcţiile prioritare în activitatea de supraveghere a calităţii apelor de suprafaţă pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova ...................................................................................... 8 1.2. Centrul monitoring al calităţii apelor de suprafaţă (CMCAS), grupul hidrobiologic ............. 10 1.3. Biomonitoringul şi elementele hidrobiologice de calitate ...................................................... 15 1.4. Materialele şi metodele de investigare .................................................................................... 17 Capitolul 2. Caracterizarea calităţii apelor de suprafaţă privind elementele hidrobiologice de calitate ............................................................................................................................................... 21 2.1. Districtul hidrografic Dunărea, Prut şi Marea Neagră ............................................................ 21 2.1.1. Bazinul hidrografic al rîului Prut ..................................................................................... 21 2.1.1.1. Rîul Prut ................................................................................................................. 21 2.1.1.2. Rîul Medveja .......................................................................................................... 28 2.1.1.3. Rîul Vilia ................................................................................................................ 31 2.1.1.4. Rîul Racovăţ ........................................................................................................... 35 2.1.1.5. Rîul Ciuhur ............................................................................................................. 39 2.1.1.6. Rîul Ciuhureţ .......................................................................................................... 42 2.1.1.7. Rîul Camenca ......................................................................................................... 46 2.1.1.8. Rîul Glodeanca ....................................................................................................... 50 2.1.1.9. Rîul Şovăţul Mare ................................................................................................... 53 2.1.1.10. Rîul Gîrla Mare ..................................................................................................... 57 2.1.1.11. Rîul Delia .............................................................................................................. 62 2.1.1.12. Rîul Varşava ......................................................................................................... 66 2.1.1.13. Rîul Frăsineşti ....................................................................................................... 70 2.1.1.14. Rîul Nîrnova ......................................................................................................... 74 2.1.1.15. Rîul Lăpuşna ......................................................................................................... 77 2.1.1.16. Rîul Sărata ............................................................................................................ 82 2.1.1.17. Rîul Tigheci .......................................................................................................... 87 2.1.1.18. Rîul Larga ............................................................................................................. 91 2.1.1.19. Rîul Valea Galmage ............................................................................................. 94 2.1.1.20. Sistemul de lacuri naturale Manta ........................................................................ 97 2.1.1.21. Lacul natural Beleu ............................................................................................. 101 2 2.1.2. Bazinul hidrografic al fluviului Dunărea ........................................................................ 106 2.1.2.1. Fluviul Dunărea .................................................................................................... 106 2.1.2.2. Rîul Cahul ............................................................................................................. 110 2.1.2.3. Rîul Lunga ............................................................................................................. 114 2.1.2.4. Rîul Ialpug ............................................................................................................. 118 2.1.2.5. Lacul de acumulare Comrat .................................................................................. 122 2.1.2.6. Lacul de acumulare Taraclia ................................................................................. 126 2.1.2.7. Rîul Salcia Mare .................................................................................................... 130 2.1.3. Bazinul hidrografic al Mării Negre ................................................................................. 134 2.1.3.1. Rîul Schinoasa ...................................................................................................... 134 2.1.3.2. Rîul Cogîlnic ......................................................................................................... 138 2.2. Districtul hidrografic Nistru .................................................................................................. 142 2.2.1. Bazinul hidrografic al rîului Nistru ................................................................................. 142 2.2.1.1. Rîul Nistru ............................................................................................................. 142 2.2.1.2. Rîul Ciorna ............................................................................................................ 149 2.2.1.3. Rîul Răut ............................................................................................................... 153 2.2.1.4. Rîul Cubolta .......................................................................................................... 158 2.2.1.5. Rîul Cula ............................................................................................................... 162 2.2.1.6. Rîul Ichel ............................................................................................................... 165 2.2.1.7. Rîul Bîc ................................................................................................................. 169 2.2.1.8. Rîul Botna ............................................................................................................. 174 Capitolul 3. Evaluarea stării calităţii apelor de suprafaţă pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova conform elementelor hidrobiologice pentru anul 2015 ............................................................... 179 Capitolul 4. Concluzii ..................................................................................................................... 182 Bibliografie ...................................................................................................................................... 185 3 ABREVIERI SHS - Serviciul Hidrometeorologic de Stat DMCM - Direcţia Monitoring al Calităţii Mediului CMCAS – Centrul Monitoring al Calităţii Apelor de Suprafaţă DCA - Directiva Cadru a Apei UE – Uniunea Europeană MMRM - Ministerul Mediului al Republicii Moldova TNMN - Reţeaua Transnaţională de Monitoring NATO – Organizaţia Tratatului Atlantic de Nord GOST – Standard de Stat în domeniul Conformităţii ICPDR - Comisia Internaţională a Convenţiei de cooperare pentru protecţia şi utilizarea durabilă a fluviului Dunărea MA EG – grupul de experţi Monitoring şi Evaluare JDS-2 - Expediţia Internaţională pe fl. Dunărea PNUD – Programul Naţiunilor Unite pentru Dezvoltare GEF – Fondul Global de Mediu POP – Poluanţi organici persistenţi ENVSEC – Securitatea Mediului - Iniţiativa de Mediu şi Sănatate OSCE – Organizaţia pentru securitate şi cooperare în Europa EECCA- Europa de Est, Caucazul şi Asia Mijlocie ONU – Organizaţia Naţiunilor Unite SIMBOLURI ŞI MĂSURI mln.cel/ml. – milioane de celule la mililitru ex/m2 – exemplare pe metru pătrat mg/m3 – miligram in metru cub g/m2 – gram pe metru pătrat μg/l – microgram la litru km – kilometru NS – numărul de specii IS – indicele saprobic mediu 4 PREFAŢĂ Apa reprezintă o componentă fundamentală a organismului uman, fiind o substanţă absolut indispensabilă a vieţii, indiferent de forma acesteia. “Apa este mai mult decît o condiţie a vieţii, ea este izvorul vieţii, este sîngele albastru al Pămîntului” (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, “Terre des hommes” Gîlcă Gavril Șeful Direcției Monitoring al Calității Mediului a SHS Apa prezintă cea mai importantă, limitată şi vulnerabilă resursă naturală, este cea mai răspîndită substanţă de pe planeta noastră şi are formula chimică H2O, este singura substanţă care se poate întîlni în toate cele trei stări de agregare: solidă, lichidă şi gazoasă. În natură există
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