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Chapter One Introduction
ICT1 21/8/00 6:44 PM Page 1 Chapter One Introduction The past is always altered for motives that reflect present needs. We reshape our heritage to make it attractive in modern terms; we seek to make it part of ourselves, and ourselves part of it; we confirm it to our self-images and aspirations. Rendered grand or homely, magnified or tarnished, history is continually altered in our private interests or on behalf of our community or country. —David Lowenthal, The Past Is a Foreign Country History connects past with present. This connection is established by and, generally, also for the present. Yet, the ways in which his- torians write history vary tremendously: History is and has been written differently for different purposes.1 In order to cast light on present events, for example, one can simply collect and preserve any available information about the past. What prompted Herodotus (484–424? B.C.E.) to write his Histories, as he professed at its outset, was to prevent the memory of the Greeks about their glorious victory over the Persians from falling into oblivion. In China where historical writing has long been an integral part of its civilization, there is a well-known adage, “to know the future in the mirror of the past” (jian wang zhi lai), that expresses a similar desire to remember past events for better understanding the present and 1 ICT1 21/8/00 6:44 PM Page 2 2 INTRODUCTION successfully speculating upon the future. While interest in the past of this sort is shown in many historical cultures, contributing to the development of historical study, it by no means addresses fully the complex relationship between past and present. -
Constructing and Reconstructing Images of Chinese Women in Lin Yutang's Translations, Adaptations and Rewritings
CONSTRUCTING AND RECONSTRUCTING IMAGES OF CHINESE WOMEN IN LIN YUTANG'S TRANSLATIONS, ADAPTATIONS AND REWRITINGS by Fang Lu B.A., Beijing Normal University, 1987 M.A., Beijing Normal University, 1990 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Under Special Arrangement Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences © Fang Lu 2008 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2008 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46812-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46812-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. -
Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: the Challenges That Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh
57 Dirasat Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: The Challenges that Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh Dhul Qa'dah, 1441 - July 2020 and Thirteenth Centuries WAN Lei Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: The Challenges that Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh and Thirteenth Centuries WAN Lei © King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, 2020 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lei, WAN Hardships from the Arabian Gulf to China: The Challenges that Faced Foreign Merchants Between the Seventh and Thirteenth Centuries. / Lei. WAN. - Riyadh, 2020 52 p ; 23 x 16.5 cm ISBN: 978-603-8268-57-5 1- China - Foreign relations I-Title 327.51056 dc 1441/12059 L.D. no. 1441/12059 ISBN: 978-603-8268-57-5 Table of Contents Introduction 6 I. Dangers at Sea 10 II. Troubles from Warlords and Pirates 19 III. Imperial Monopolies, Duty-Levies and Prohibitions 27 IV. Corruption of Officialdom 33 V. Legal Discrimination 39 Conclusion 43 5 6 Dirasat No. 57 Dhul Qa'dah, 1441 - July 2020 Introduction During the Tang (618–907) and Northern Song (960–1127) dynasties, China had solid national strength and a society that was very open to the outside world. By the time of the Southern Song (1127–1279) dynasty, the national economic weight of the country moved to South China; at the same time, the Abbasid Caliphate in the Mideast had grown into a great power, too, whose eastern frontier reached the western regions of China, that is, today’s Xinjiang and its adjacent areas in Central Asia. -
Kaiming Press and the Cultural Transformation of Republican China
PRINTING, READING, AND REVOLUTION: KAIMING PRESS AND THE CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF REPUBLICAN CHINA BY LING A. SHIAO B.A., HEFEI UNITED COLLEGE, 1988 M.A., PENNSYVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, 1993 M.A., BROWN UNIVERSITY, 1996 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AT BROWN UNIVERSITY PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2009 UMI Number: 3370118 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform 3370118 Copyright 2009 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 © Copyright 2009 by Ling A. Shiao This dissertation by Ling A. Shiao is accepted in its present form by the Department of History as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date W iO /L&O^ Jerome a I Grieder, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date ^)u**u/ef<2coy' Richard L. Davis, Reader DateOtA^UT^b Approved by the Graduate Council Date w& Sheila Bonde, Dean of the Graduate School in Ling A. -
Dreams of Timeless Beauties: a Deconstruction of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in Dream of the Red Chamber and an Analysis of Their Image in Modern Adaptations
Dreams of Timeless Beauties: A Deconstruction of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in Dream of the Red Chamber and an Analysis of Their Image in Modern Adaptations Xiaolu (Sasha) Han Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in East Asian Studies April 2014 ©2014 Xiaolu (Sasha) Han Acknowledgements First of all, I thank Professor Ellen Widmer not only for her guidance and encouragement throughout this thesis process, but also for her support throughout my time here at Wellesley. Without her endless patience this study would have not been possible and I am forever grateful to be one of her advisees. I would also like to thank the Wellesley College East Asian Studies Department for giving me the opportunity to take on such a project and for challenging me to expand my horizons each and every day Sincerest thanks to my sisters away from home, Amy, Irene, Cristina, and Beatriz, for the many late night snacks, funny notes, and general reassurance during hard times. I would also like to thank Joe for never losing faith in my abilities and helping me stay motivated. Finally, many thanks to my family and friends back home. Your continued support through all of my endeavors and your ability to endure the seemingly endless thesis rambles has been invaluable to this experience. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1: THE PAIRING OF WOOD AND GOLD Lin Daiyu ................................................................................................. -
A RE-EVALUATION of CHIANG KAISHEK's BLUESHIRTS Chinese Fascism in the 1930S
A RE-EVALUATION OF CHIANG KAISHEK’S BLUESHIRTS Chinese Fascism in the 1930s A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy DOOEUM CHUNG ProQuest Number: 11015717 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11015717 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 Abstract Abstract This thesis considers the Chinese Blueshirts organisation from 1932 to 1938 in the context of Chiang Kaishek's attempts to unify and modernise China. It sets out the terms of comparison between the Blueshirts and Fascist organisations in Europe and Japan, indicating where there were similarities and differences of ideology and practice, as well as establishing links between them. It then analyses the reasons for the appeal of Fascist organisations and methods to Chiang Kaishek. Following an examination of global factors, the emergence of the Blueshirts from an internal point of view is considered. As well as assuming many of the characteristics of a Fascist organisation, especially according to the Japanese model and to some extent to the European model, the Blueshirts were in many ways typical of the power-cliques which were already an integral part of Chinese politics. -
Hong Lou Meng
Dreaming across Languages and Cultures Dreaming across Languages and Cultures: A Study of the Literary Translations of the Hong lou meng By Laurence K. P. Wong Dreaming across Languages and Cultures: A Study of the Literary Translations of the Hong lou meng By Laurence K. P. Wong This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Laurence K. P. Wong All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5887-0, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5887-8 CONTENTS Preface ....................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................... ix Note on Romanization ............................................................................... xi Note on Abbreviations .............................................................................. xii Note on Glossing .................................................................................... xvii Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One ............................................................................................. -
China's Last Great Classical Novel at the Crossroads Of
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Klaipeda University Open Journal Systems 176 RES HUMANITARIAE XIV ISSN 1822-7708 August Sladek – Flensburgo universiteto germanistikos prof. dr. pensininkas. Moksliniai interesai: matematinė lingvistika, lyginamoji filologija, filosofija, ontologija. Adresas: Landwehr 27, D-22087 Hamburgas, Vokietija. El. p.: [email protected]. August Sladek – retired professor of Germanistik, Univer- sity of Flensburg. Research interests: mathematical linguistics, comparative philology, philosophy, ontology. Address: Landwehr 27, D-22087 Hamburgas, Vokietija. El. p.: [email protected]. August Sladek University of Flensburg CHINA’S LAST GREAT CLASSICAL NOVEL AT THE CROSSROADS OF TRADITION AND MODERNIZATION1 Anotacija XVII a. viduryje parašytas „Raudonojo kambario sapnas“ yra naujausias iš Kinijos ketu- rių didžiųjų klasikos romanų. Tradicinių nusidavimų romanų kontekste jis apima daugybę pasakojimo būdų – realistinį, psichologinį, simbolinį, fantastinį. Parašytas kasdiene kalba (Pekino dialektu), jis tapo svarbus moderniosios, standartinės kinų kalbos (putong hua) formavimo šaltiniu naujojo kultūros judėjimo procese nuo praeito amžiaus 3-iojo dešim- tmečio. Mao Zeddongo labai vertinamam romanui komunistai bandė uždėti „progresyvų“ antspaudą. Romano paslėpta religinė (budizmo) intencija liko nepastebėta nei skaitytojų, nei religijotyrininkų. PAGRINDINIAI ŽODŽIAI: kinų literatūra, klasikinis romanas, tradicija ir modernumas. Abstract “The Red Chamber’s Dream” from the middle of 18th century is the youngest of Chi- nas “Four Great Classical Novels”. In the cloak of traditional story-telling it deploys a 1 Quotations from the novel as well as translations of names and terms are taken from Hawkes & Minford (1973–1986). References to their translation are given by the number of volume (Roman numerals) and of pages (Arabic numerals). -
Engaging with Socialism in China: the Political Thought and Activities of Chen Gongbo and Tan Pingshan, 1917-1928
Engaging with Socialism in China: The Political Thought and Activities of Chen Gongbo and Tan Pingshan, 1917-1928 Xuduo Zhao PhD University of York History May 2019 1 Abstract This thesis investigates Chen Gongbo (1892-1946) and Tan Pingshan (1886-1956), two significant Cantonese Marxists who helped found the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921. I use Chen and Tan as a lens to re-examine the dissemination of Marxism in May Fourth China and the underlying tensions in 1920s Chinese revolution. My study demonstrates that it was in the changing educational system in the early 20th century that Chen and Tan gradually improved their positions in the cultural field and participated in the intellectual ferment during the May Fourth period. At Peking University they became familiarised with Marxism. Their understanding of Marxism, however, was deeply influenced by European social democracy, as opposed to many other early communist leaders who believed in Bolshevism. This divergence finally led to the open conflict within the CCP between Guangzhou and Shanghai in the summer of 1922, which also embodied the different social identities among early Chinese Marxists. After the quarrel, Chen quit while Tan remained within the party. During the Nationalist Revolution, both Tan and Chen became senior leaders in the Kuomintang, but they had to face yet another identity crisis of whether to be a revolutionary or a politician. Meanwhile, they had to rethink the relationship between socialism and nationalism in their political propositions. This study of Chen and Tan’s political thought and activities in the late 1910s and 1920s offers a different picture of Chinese radicalism and revolution in the early Republican period. -
Creative Spaces Within Which People, Ideas and Systems Interact with Uncertain Outcomes
GIMPEL, NIELSE GIMPEL, Explores new ways to understand the dynamics of change and mobility in ideas, people, organisations and cultural paradigms China is in flux but – as argued by the contributors to this volume – change is neither new to China nor is it unique to that country; similar patterns are found in other times and in other places. Indeed, Creative on the basis of concrete case studies (ranging from Confucius to the Vagina Monologues, from Protestant missionaries to the Chinese N & BAILEY avant-garde) and drawing on theoretical insights from different dis- ciplines, the contributors assert that change may be planned but the outcome can never be predicted with any confidence. Rather, there Spaces exist creative spaces within which people, ideas and systems interact with uncertain outcomes. As such, by identifying a more sophisticated Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China approach to the complex issues of change, cultural encounters and Spaces Creative so-called globalization, this volume not only offers new insights to scholars of other geo-cultural regions; it also throws light on the workings of our ‘global’ and ‘transnational’ lives today, in the past and in the future. Edited Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen by and Paul Bailey www.niaspress.dk Gimpel_pbk-cover.indd 1 20/11/2012 15:38 Creative Spaces Gimpel book.indb 1 07/11/2012 16:03 Gimpel book.indb 2 07/11/2012 16:03 CREATIVE SPACES Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China Edited by Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen and Paul J. Bailey Gimpel book.indb 3 07/11/2012 16:03 Creative Spaces: Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China Edited by Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen and Paul J. -
HIST 3822. Modern China Prof. Peter Zarrow Spring 2016 Wood Hall 327 Tu/Th 9:30-10:45, LH106 Office Hours: Th 11-12:30 & by Appt
HIST 3822. Modern China Prof. Peter Zarrow Spring 2016 Wood Hall 327 Tu/Th 9:30-10:45, LH106 office hours: Th 11-12:30 & by appt. China today is in the midst of the fastest economic and social-cultural transformation of any nation in history. The Chinese economy is today, by many measurements, the world’s largest. Whether we can sum up conditions in China as “socialism with Chinese characteristics,” “mercantilist capitalism,” “East Asian authoritarian developmentalism” or some other label, China cannot be understood without knowledge of its revolutionary heritage and long-standing technologies of mass mobilization. And the revolutionary heritage of the twentieth century cannot be understood without knowledge of the political, socio-economic, and cultural systems that came under great strain in the nineteenth century. “China” today is itself a direct product of the Qing Empire (1644-1912), which expanded its borders to nearly double the territories claimed by the Ming Empire (1368-1644). This state was falling apart in the nineteenth century, but China was strengthened and reestablished through revolutionary movements (Nationalist as well as Communist) over the course of the twentieth century. Grading for this class is based on the following work: -class participation and reports; short reading-reaction papers; quizzes: 25% -paper 1: 25% -paper 2: 25% -paper 3: 25% There are no exams in this course. Notes: 1. Plagiarism is not tolerated. See http://irc.uconn.edu/PlagiarismModule/intro_m.htm. 2. Provisions will be made for students with disabilities. See http://www.csd.uconn.edu/accommodation_services.html. 3. Attendance is encouraged; class participation and student reports count toward your final grade. -
John Zijiang Ding
MYSTICAL SYMBOLISM AND DIALETHEIST COGNITIVISM: THE TRANSFORMATION OF TRUTH- FALSEHOOD (ZHEN-JIA) John Zijiang Ding Abstract: One of the central philosophical issues is the problem of Truth-Falsehood (Zhen-Jia) in A Dream of Red Mansions. We may find three positions in this book: The first is “Truth” (Zhen) which also means “Being,” “Reality,” “Existence,” “Physical and Materialistic Substance,” and “Actual Social affairs”; the second is “Falsehood” (Jia) which means “Non-Being,” “Emptiness,” “Nothingness,” “Nihility,” “Illusory Fiction,” and “Spiritual and Mental Activities;” and the third is “Truth-Falsehood” (Zhen-Jia). The third can be considered “Transformation of Truth and Falsehood,” which has the following four attributes in this book: 1) Unification of truth and falsehood; 2) Interrelation of truth and falsehood; 3) Interaction of truth and falsehood; 4) Inter-substitution of truth and falsehood. The transformation of Truth-Falsehood (Zhen-Jia) in this book can be considered a sort of spiritual transformation which is recognized within the context of an individual self-consciousness, or an individual's meaning system, especially in relation to the concepts of the sacred or ultimate concern. In this article, the author will discuss this theme by explaining and examining the relationship and transformation of “Truth” and “falsehood” through the following three perspectives: traditional Chinese glyphomancy, dialetheism and fatalism. A Dream of Red Mansions――HONG LOU MENG 紅樓夢 is one of the four greatest Chinese classic novels. 1 It may be proper to justify that to understand China, one must read this great work because of its tremendous influence on Chinese literary history. Importantly, the study of this novel has become as popular and prolific as the works of Shakespeare or Goethe.