DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM JIM KRESS MARITIME LIGHTHOUSE TOWER INTERPRETIVE PLAN | ART DIRECTION | DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 1

Source: Door County Maritime Museum DECEMBER 4, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1: Project Background About Door County Maritime Museum ...... 1.1 Project Phases & Schedule ...... 1.2

Part 2: Interpretive Plan Interpretation & Interpretive Planning ...... 2.1 Planning Domains ...... 2.3 Understanding Visitors ...... 2.4 Identifying Outcomes ...... 2.12 Mapping the Visitor Experience ...... 2.14 Creating Content ...... 2.21 Authentic Voices Thread ...... 2.24 Just for Kids Thread ...... 2.25 Floor 1: Maritime Theater ...... 2.27 Sturgeon Bay Canal Station Lighthouse and U.S. Coast Guard Station taken from the bay. In the background, at the end of the pier, is the North Pier Light. | Source: University of Wisconsin Archive Floor 10: Tower View ...... 2.30 Floor 9: Our Rocky Peninsula ...... 2.33

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM TABLE OF CONTENTS

Floor 8: People of the Water ...... 2.35 Floor 7: Navigating These Waters ...... 2.40 Floor 6: Maritime Commerce ...... 2.43 Floor 5: Shipbuilding ...... 2.49 Floor 4: Recreational Boating ...... 2.53 Floor 3: Life Underwater ...... 2.58 Floor 2: Shipwrecks ...... 2.61 Floor 1: Stewards of the Door Peninsula ...... 2.64 Defining Design Principles ...... 2.65

Part 3: Art Direction Design Study 1 ...... 3.1 Design Study 2 ...... 3.7

Part 4: Design Development 1

Wilfred Sykes at Sturgeon Bay shipyard | Source: University of Wisconsin Archive Proposed Lobby Element ...... 4.1 Museum Store Plan ...... 4.3

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM Source: University of Wisconsin Archive

PART 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM

“The Door County Maritime Museum and Lighthouse Preservation Society, Inc. preserves Great Lakes maritime history, primarily focusing on Door County, Wisconsin, and provides interpretive and educational opportunities for current and future generations.” – Mission Statement

Since 1969, the Door County Maritime Museum (DCMM) has educated and entertained more than a million visitors while working to preserve and celebrate the rich maritime history of Door County and the Great Lakes. The museum operates three locations including the Door County Maritime Museum along the working waterfront in Sturgeon Bay, the iconic 150-year-old Cana Island Lighthouse in Baileys Harbor, and the Death’s Door Maritime Museum in Gills Rock. As one of Wisconsin’s top tourist destinations, attracting more than 65,000 visitors annually, DCMM serves as a cultural and educational resource for all 72 counties in Wisconsin.

An 18-member board of directors governs DCMM, and the museum maintains a full-time, year-round staff of 12. During the busy summer season, the museum typically hires an additional 10 part-time staffers. The museum has more than 50 active volunteers including docents, office assistants, and event volunteers. More than 700 individuals, businesses, and families are members of the museum including 130 lifetime members.

The museum is currently expanding its main location in Sturgeon Bay with the landmark 10-story Jim Kress Maritime Lighthouse Tower, scheduled for completion in 2022. When completed, the new Maritime Lighthouse Tower will enable DCMM to better share the important maritime culture and North Pierhead Light | Source: University of Wisconsin Archive heritage of our community with a wider audience.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 1.1 PROJECT PHASES

The 10-story Jim Kress Maritime Lighthouse Tower will be completed in four phases with opening dates set for Phase 1 in May 2021, Phase 2 in October 2021, and Phase 3 in May 2022.

Phase 0 of the project is designed to clearly define goals for the visitor experience across the whole museum, as well as content, collections, and design approaches that support these goals. In addition, Phase 0 will provide initial designs for all 10 floors of the Maritime Lighthouse Tower.

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 0 Design Development 2 & 3 Design Development 2 & 3 Design Development 2 & 3 Planning & Design Workshop Final Design Final Design Final Design Design Development I Fabrication Fabrication Fabrication Installation Installation Installation (Whole Museum) (Floors 1, 2, 10) (Floors 3, 5, 7, 9) (Floors 4, 6, 8)

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 1.2 PROJECT SCHEDULE

PHASES 10/20 11/20 12/20 01/21 02/21 03/21 04/21 05/21 06/21 07/21 08/21 09/21 10/21 11/21 12/21 01/22 02/22 Ph 0: Contracting Ph 0: Planning & Design Workshop Ph 0: DD1 (Whole Museum) Ph 1: DD2 (Floors 1,2,10) Ph 1: DD3 (Floors 1, 2, 10) Ph 1: Final Design (Floors 1, 2, 10) Ph 1: Fabrication (Floors 1, 2, 10) Ph 1: Installation (Floors 1, 2, 10) Ph 2: DD2 (Floors 3, 5, 7, 9) Ph 2: DD3 (Floors 3, 5, 7, 9) Ph 2: Final Design (Floors 3, 5, 7, 9) Ph 2: Fabrication (Floors 3, 5, 7, 9) Ph 2: Installation (Floors 3, 5, 7, 9) Ph 3: DD2 (Floors 4, 6, 8) Ph 3: DD3 (Floors 4, 6, 8) Ph 3: Final Design (Floors 4, 6, 8) Ph 3: Fabrication (Floors 4, 6, 8) Ph 3: Installation (Floors 4, 6, 8)

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 1.3 Source: University of Wisconsin Archive

PART 2 INTERPRETIVE PLAN

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM WHAT IS INTERPRETATION?

“. . . an educational activity which aims to reveal meanings and relationships through the use of original objects, by firsthand experience, and by illustrative media, rather than simply to communicate factual information.” – Freeman Tilden, “Interpreting Our Heritage”

At its core, good interpretation balances an institution’s goals—what it hopes to achieve—with what visitors want and expect from their visit. Thus, interpretive planning is a process of clearly defining institutional goals, resources, and key messages, as well as defining visitor groups and their needs, behaviors, and motivations to inform the development of effective exhibits and programming.

Content experts such as historians can provide valuable insights into interpretation, though it is important to remember that vast amounts of information must be interpreted for visitors. This requires a different set of skills. We live in a fast-paced era that frequently bombards us with information. Thus, interpretive content needs to be focused, layered, and accessible so that visitors, no matter their levels of interest, can grasp key ideas quickly. As much as possible, content also needs to be communicated visually as the majority of people (about 65 percent of us) process information based on what we see.

Exhibits should also be carefully crafted to link real objects and tangible aspects of an environment with universally understood concepts. Research tells us visitors remember stories more than they remember facts, so whenever possible messages should follow storytelling conventions. Likewise, exhibits should encourage discovery and offer opportunities for visitors to build their own connections to content.

Source: Door County Maritime Museum

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.1 WHY CREATE AN INTERPRETIVE PLAN?

Developing an exhibit is a complex and often very involved endeavor. An interpretive plan provides a clear and meaningful guide for putting together the goals, messages, and resources that will be needed to create a successful visitor experience. By investing in an interpretive plan, you provide a benchmark for evaluating if the exhibit is meeting the mission of the museum, and the overall vision for the project.

A clear set of goals will be laid out for both current and potential stakeholders. This will aid in exhibit development and design, maximizing artifact impact, copy writing, and fundraising. Most importantly, a well written interpretive plan clarifies what messages will be provided to visitors, what resources are needed to clearly convey those messages, and what outcomes are intended for visitors after their experience at the Door County Maritime Museum. The interpretive plan should guide the project as it moves forward.

Source: Door County Maritime Museum

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.2 PLANNING DOMAINS

UNDERSTANDING VISITORS Who do we serve? What do they seek?

IDENTIFYING OUTCOMES What are our goals? What do we want visitors to think, feel, and do?

MAPPING THE VISITOR EXPERIENCE What are the pre-arrival, on-site, and post-visit experiences?

CREATING CONTENT What themes and stories do we convey? What collections and visual resources tell the story?

DEFINING DESIGN PRINCIPLES What principles should guide the design process?

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.3 UNDERSTANDING VISITORS WHO DO WE SERVE? WHAT DO THEY SEEK?

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.4 VISITORS TO DOOR COUNTY

TRAVEL DATA Annual Visitors to Door County 2 million MILLION Repeat Visitors 80 % 2 Peak Travel Months July to October Party Size 1-2 53 % VISITORS TO DOOR COUNTY Party Size 2-3 27 % ANNUALLY OVER Demographics 90% Married 80 % FROM THE Income Greater than $75K 65 % Education beyond High School 92 % White 95 % MIDWEST Over Age 50 65 % Key Markets Wisconsin 50 % $289 Illinois 35 % Minnesota 5 % MILLION Length of Stay IN VISITOR SPENDING 2,948 3-4 Nights 40 % 1-2 Nights 32 % JOBS Economic Impact Visitor Spending $289 million Tourism-related Jobs 2,948

Source: Wisconsin Tourism Department & Door County Visitor Bureau | Photo: Christopher Arndt

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.5 VISITORS TO DOOR COUNTY

TRAVEL DATA

Top Planning Tools Internet Search Door County Visitor Guide (#1 among 50+) Top Reasons for Travel Quiet Getaway Reduce Stress Get Re-energized Reconnect with Family and Friends Experience a Sense of Adventure Top Communities to Visit Fish Creek Egg Harbor Sister Bay Ephraim Baileys Harbor Top Activities Shopping Orchard / Farmer’s Market Winery / Brewery / Distillery Hiking / Biking Art Gallery

Source: Door County Visitor Bureau | Photo: Andrea, Door County Mom

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.6 VISITORS TO DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM

VISITOR TYPE 2019 ADMISSION

Adults 10,000 Youth (under 5) Members 2% Seniors (65+) 6,100 3% School Groups IN 2019 21,050 1% Group Tours 6% Youth (5-17) 2,300 VISITORS Youth TO THE Youth (under 5) 560 (5-17) 11% Adults DOOR COUNTY 48%

Members 650 MARITIME MUSEUM Seniors 29% Group Tours 1,300 2018 ADMISSION: 24,400 School Groups 140 48+29116321 2017 ADMISSION: 21,400

Source: Door County Maritime Museum

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.7 MUSEUM VISITOR TYPES VISITOR TYPE DESCRIPTION STRATEGIES

Visitors can adopt different identities for different visits, or Explorers highly value learning but are not subject matter experts. Museums appeal to explorers’ EXPERT Interpretation is important to this group curiosity and desire to expand their horizons. Explorers comprise a large number of visitors. even during the same visit. whether signs, apps, programs, or other Explorers typically don’t want a structured visit, as it hinders their desire to explore, so they often avoid media. EXPLORERS guided tours, yet they are also likely to read orientation and interpretive signs and labels. For example, a visitor might be an “explorer” in the museum and a “recharger” at the top of the tower. On another Facilitators visit to satisfy the needs and desires of someone they care about. This group is typically visit with friends, that same visitor might be a “facilitator.” Orientation to available opportunities is price conscious, aware of time, and often fits these two profiles: However, most people have a dominant identity they important. Facilitating Parents come with kids or grandkids. They believe learning at museums is fun, but when typically adopt during most visits. Layering interpretation (conveying asked can’t typically articulate what they’ve learned. Their goal is often to do something fun and big ideas quickly) and creating group FACILITATORS educational as a family. It will be important to create opportunities and experiences activities and gathering spaces is also Facilitating Socializers come with other adults (e.g., spouse, friend, visiting relative). The purpose of important for this group. for all these visitor types. their visit is social. They typically want to hang out, chat, and have fun. Often, they only glance at the exhibits. They view sightseeing as something fun to do with the relatives.

Experience Seekers are ‘collecting’ experiences. They want to feel like they have ‘been there’ and they Orientation to available opportunities is have ‘done that.’ They want to see the most important destinations and sites. Typically, important, for example by highlighting the experience seekers are not strongly motivated by the topic or by learning, but more by saying they EXPERIENCE top ten experiences. SEEKERS have seen the most iconic sites.

EXPERT Asking this group for input as exhibits are

EXPERT developed can ensure accuracy and quality.

EXPERT Professional/Hobbyists represent the smallest category of visitors, but they are very influential. Professional/ hobbyists could be historians, lighthouse enthusiasts, museum professionals, or Layering interpretation so that big ideas professors. These are often the most critical visitors. They come with a goal in mind and are on a are conveyed quickly for some audiences PROFESSIONAL / mission. They typically examine exhibit content, sometimes looking for errors or ideas they can add. is always important, but so is creating HOBBYISTS deeper layers so that this group can explore further and learn more.

Rechargers visit in order to reflect, rejuvenate, or experience the beauty of a place. Rechargers see museums as places to reflect and relax. They seek opportunities to unplug and avoid the noisiness of Quiet spaces, protected views, and the outside world. Rechargers are typically not very concerned with interpretation and can view it as cohesive design are important for this group. RECHARGERS getting in the way of the reflective experience.

Adapted from John Falk, Identity and the Museum Visitor Experience (New York: Routledge, 2009)

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.8

EXPERT RESIDENTS OF DOOR COUNTY

DEMOGRAPHICS 2019

Total Population 27,668 Age 52.4 (median) Persons under 18 Years 16.3 % Persons 65 Years and Over 30.5 % Education High School Graduates 94 % Bachelors Degree or Higher 32.1 % Households with a Computer 88.9 % Sturgeon Bay Free & Reduced Lunch 41 % Income Median Income $58,287 Average Income $84,232 Income Greater than $100K 23 % Persons Living in Poverty 8.4 % Ethnicity White 93 % Hispanic / Latinx 3.5 % Multiracial 1.5 % Black 0.8 % American Indian 0.7 % Asian 0.5 %

Source: US Census Bureau | Photo: Door County Visitor Bureau

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.9 WIDE UNDERSTANDING VISITORS AGE RANGE Children Adults DCMM aspires to welcome a diverse cross-section of visitors underscoring the need to create a broad array of museum experiences that meet the needs of young to old, local to international, and individual Youth Seniors traveler to large groups.

KEY FINDINGS • 80% of travelers to Door County are repeat visitors. Thus, DCMM is also likely to get repeat visitors SMALL TO LARGE pointing to the need to create new offerings such temporary, featured, or traveling exhibits and to GROUPS develop breadth and depth in exhibit approaches and content so there is something new to discov- er each visit. Repeat visitors may also be interested in long-term stewardship and membership. Individuals Large Groups (25 - 125) • Peak museum days are likely to happen from July to October. Staff report average attendance on Families peak days between 125 to 225 visitors with the highest daily visitation currently at 250. With expand- Events ed high-profile exhibits in the Maritime Lighthouse Tower, the museum is likely to experience in- Small Groups (several hundred to thousands) creased visitation. This data is important in planning the Maritime Lighthouse Tower experience since (up to 25) each floor is limited to 12-15 people. If visitors spend 10-15 minutes per floor, it will take about 1.5 to 2 hours to visit the tower. Depending on queuing methods, the daily capacity of the tower is approx- imately 275-300 people. Given that visitors often arrive during key mid-morning and mid-afternoon LOCAL TO hours, tower ticketing may be necessary, especially on peak days. It is also worth noting that it will GLOBAL take over an hour for a bus load of 50 passengers to queue through the tower, and another 1.5 hours for the last in the queue to experience the tower. This means the minimum visit time for one bus is Local Residents Out-of-State Residents 2.5-3 hours, and double this for two buses. Given it is unlikely two buses will want to spend 5+ hours at the museum, it may be more feasible to pair a visit to DCMM with other activities in Sturgeon Bay. Regional Visitors International Visitors For example, bus A visits the museum while bus B does a harbor tour, and then vice versa. This may require partnerships with other tourist attractions in the area.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.10 • The majority of visitors to Door County are from the Midwest, older, well educated, white, married, and upper middle class. They’ve come to the region to relax. A museum visit appeals to many of these visitors, and this demographic represents the largest group of visitors to the Door County Mari- time Museum. Thus, exhibit content and design needs to engage this demographic.

• 80% of travelers to Door County are traveling as part of a group of three or less and will stay in Door County four nights or less. While there may be a need to create group programming for local resi- dents, planned programs are less likely to draw tourists unless as part of an organized tour.

• DCMM’s visitors skew older and toward the “facilitator” museum visitor type. Older visitors bring friends or grandchildren to the museum. Exhibits should provide support to help “facilitators” cre- ate a fun, educational experience for those they bring to the museum. Self-guided tours focused on themes, or on length of stay, are good options for adults. Scavenger hunts and activity trails are good options for children.

• The museum has an opportunity to increase visitation among children and youth, especially as part Source: Door County Visitors Bureau of school programs. This visitor group is critical to the museum’s science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) goals, as well as its future health. It also offers the museum an opportunity to reach a more local, diverse audience. Grants and other funding for reaching school groups abound and creating a comprehensive education outreach program should be a top priority for the muse- um. In addition, there are currently few exhibits in the museum targeted to children. New exhibits in the tower should fill this gap. In addition, as some exhibits in the main museum building shift and change, the museum should consider creating a gallery for children, which requires a fundamentally different approach to exhibit design.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.11 IDENTIFYING OUTCOMES WHAT ARE OUR GOALS? WHAT DO WE WANT VISITORS TO THINK, FEEL, AND DO?

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.12 IDENTIFYING OUTCOMES Outcomes are the changes in knowledge, attitudes, and “The Door County Maritime Museum & Lighthouse Preservation behaviors we hope to see in visitors. By identifying intended outcomes at the beginning of exhibit development, we create Society, Inc. preserves Great Lakes maritime history, primarily a framework for ensuring our designs achieve the museum’s focusing on Door County, Wisconsin, and provides interpretive and mission and goals. educational opportunities for current and future generations.” During our initial interpretive planning meeting, we jointly developed the following outcomes: – DCMM Mission Statement

THINK FEEL DO

We want visitors to understand: We want visitors to feel: We want visitors to:

• the historical context of the region with a particular focus on • inspired to discover and learn (e.g., “wow” and “ah ha” • engage in learning beyond their museum visit the Door Peninsula, Green Bay, and Lake Michigan moments) • tell friends and family about their visit to the museum • the Door Peninsula’s broader influence on and connections • connected to the region’s heritage (especially the younger • support and value historic preservation to the nation and the world via the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence demographic) Seaway System • choose STEAM careers

• the ways contemporary life in this region connect to • support the museum as members, donors, and volunteers maritime history (especially the younger demographic)

• the opportunities for STEAM careers in the region

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.13 MAPPING THE VISITOR EXPERIENCE WHAT ARE THE PRE-ARRIVAL, ON-SITE, AND POST-VISIT EXPERIENCES?

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.14 HOW DO WE MEET THE NEEDS OF VISITORS?

GROWTH NEEDS Good interpretive and site planning can help visitors spend less time concerned over their basic needs Understanding Meaning / Higher Purpose so that there is a better chance that they’ll spend quality time together, engage with exhibits, learn Personal Growth something new, or perhaps experience a calling to a new career (i.e., STEAM goal).

As visitors enter the museum, they need basic orientation information about the potential experiences at the museum so they can plan accordingly (i.e., how long will it take, what can I see, how much does INTERMEDIATE NEEDS Knowledge it cost, where do I go first). New exhibits in the lobby could be designed to provide this information, Love & Belonging which would alleviate some of the pressure on staff at the reception desk. Esteem & Recognition In addition, visitors also typically want to know about food and restroom availability at the entrance. EXPERT While restrooms are readily available in the main museum building, they are not available in the BASIC NEEDS Maritime Lighthouse Tower, so visitors also need to know this information. Security Safety As visitors move through the museum, wayfinding is important both in the form of signs as well as Physiological (food, bathroom) in the form of a brochure. The table on the next page outlines various types of communication that should be available at different points in the museum experience. EXPERT Adapted from A. Maslow, Motivation and Personality (New York: Harper and Row Publisher, Inc., 1954)

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.15 TOWER

Door County MUSEUM Maritime Museum COME WELCOME AGAIN

PRE-VISIT ENTRANCE THE MUSEUM DEPARTURE POST-VISIT

WAYFINDING & ORIENTATION helps visitors understand the variety of experiences available at the museum & provides tools such as maps, signs, and other information to help visitors navigate the experience.

• Website (navigation, activities, events) • Lobby exhibit (plan your visit) • Roving staff / docents • Lobby exhibit (other relevant sights) • Website (navigation, other • Social media (activities, events) • Visitor services desk • Orientation points • Visitor services desk relevant sites) • Tourism brochures (Destination Door County, • Orientation points • Brochure (site map, self-guided tour) • Orientation points • Social media (reviews) rack cards) • Wayfinding signs (directional, identification of • Wayfinding signs (directional, identification • Wayfinding signs (directional, identification of • Wayfinding signs (directional, • Google searches buildings and services) of buildings and services, gallery labels) buildings and services) exit sign) • Wayfinding signs (directional, entrance sign) • Address basic needs (bathroom, coats, & food) • Address basic needs (bathroom & food) • Address basic needs (bathroom & food) • Address basic needs (safety, • Address basic needs (safety, security, & security, & orientation) orientation)

INTERPRETATION encourages visitors to understand, make meaning, and build connections.

• Website (pre-visit learning) • Lobby exhibit (pre-visit learning) • Roving staff / docents • Lobby exhibit (post-visit learning) • Website (post-visit learning) • Social media (interp content) • Visitor services desk • Activities, programs, events • Visitor services desk • Social media (interp content) • Pre-visit activities (schools & groups) • Museum store (items that link to themes and • Exhibits • Museum store (items that link to themes and • Post-visit activities (schools & expand learning) • Museum store (items that link to themes and expand learning) groups) expand learning) • Call to action / Cash donation box • Call to action / Membership

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.16 MAPPING THE VISITOR EXPERIENCE

As elements of existing exhibits shift to the Maritime Lighthouse Tower, DCMM has plans to re-work galleries in the main museum building.

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: MAIN MUSEUM FLOOR ONE • Wayfinding: To aid visitors with orientation, wayfinding signs and the museum brochure should focus on exhibit titles rather than gallery names. Proposed exhibit titles are outlined in the floor plans for the main WORLD WAR II museum and the tower. On the Homefront in Door County ROTATING • Design Standards: As design standards are established in the tower, EXHIBIT these standards should be carried into the main museum building as THE ART updates and changes are made to wayfinding and exhibit panels. OF BOAT BUILDING • Welcome to DCMM: As the museum store moves to its new space, the WELCOME lobby space offers the museum an opportunity to create a “wow” first TO DCMM MARITIME impression that engages visitors and creates excitement about the rest INGENUITY of the experience. In addition to one or more impactful design elements, WELCOME ABOARD Engineering Life exhibits in the lobby should focus on four key areas of content: STEAM Play on the Water for Little Mariners 1. Plan Your Visit: Visitors should understand the various parts of the museum experience including opportunities in the main museum building, the tower, and on the John Purvis. They should understand the availability, cost, and timing of these experiences. This might include pre-planned packages that are segmented by time (2 hours, half day), by site (museum + tower + tug), or by theme (Lighthouses of Door County, All about Boats, Door County Landscapes).

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.17 MAPPING THE VISITOR EXPERIENCE

2. Children’s Activity Trail: Recommendations for a children’s ac- about recreational boat building. This might include opportunities tivity trail can be found later in this document. Children could for children to build boats such as the “Float Your Boat Challenge.” start their journey in the lobby. • Maritime Ingenuity: Engineering Life on the Water: The story of 3. Beyond the Museum: Visitors should be able to find informa- Captain John Roen and the raising of the sunken steamer George tion about DCMM’s two other locations as well as any other M. Humphrey, as well as the story behind the travel lift and the regional sights the museum wishes to promote. development of boat engines could all be re-worked to focus on 4. Stewardship: Visitors should be invited to support the muse- broader STEAM themes related to technology, engineering, and um’s work—preserving the history and beauty of the Door mathematics. Peninsula for future generations. • Welcome Aboard: STEAM Play for Little Mariners: The museum • Rotating Exhibit: Since the Door Peninsula gets many repeat visi- should consider creating a space for children (toddlers to age tors, temporary, featured, or traveling exhibits could offer people 8-9), which requires a fundamentally different approach to exhibit a reason to return. design. Exhibits should be play-based and allow for both the de- velopment of specific skills as well as broad, open-ended explora- • World War II: On the Homefront in Door County: This exhibit tion and problem-solving. The proposed location for this exhibit requires some reworking to include the exhibit that is currently on might also allow for seasonal access to an outdoor space. the second floor of the museum.

• The Art of Boat Building: As funds are raised to create this part of the museum, designs should be developed to broaden this experience from that of a few volunteers to include interpretation

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.18 MAPPING THE VISITOR EXPERIENCE

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: MAIN MUSEUM FLOOR TWO • Inspired by Water: The upstairs lobby area already features several works of art, as well as beautiful stained glass in the stairwell. This focus on art could be enhanced over time to create a more traditional art gallery space that features maritime art and artists. This links to the INTERPRETIVE “A” in STEAM. In addition, this space should provide a seating area for PROGRAMMING SPACE visitors who wish to pause and reflect. LIGHTHOUSES

• Maritime Careers: Targeted at older children and teens, this exhibit could be designed to feature various STEAM-related maritime career paths from underwater archaeologist, to coastal engineer, to shipyard OVERBOARD mechanic, to marine biologist, to coast guard ensign, to ship engineer, Life-Saving Service and beyond. to Coast Guard INSPIRED BY WATER MARITIME CAREERS • Overboard: Life-Saving Service to Coast Guard: This gallery might be STEAM for Teens & Tweens reorganized to create a timeline from Life-Saving Services on the Door Peninsula to the formation of the Coast Guard.

• Lighthouses: This exhibit may largely remain in its current form though it could benefit from some updating particularly to create more dy- namic interactives and to align content with new graphic standards.

• Interpretive Programming Space: These large spaces provide opportu- nities to host school groups and offer interpretive programs.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.19 MAPPING THE VISITOR EXPERIENCE

Floor-by-floor recommendations for the content and focus of exhibits in the Maritime Lighthouse Tower are provided in the next section. ELEVATOR TO KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: TOWER VISITOR FLOW 10th Floor • Start Here: Visitors will start their visit in the Maritime Theater on the first floor. An introductory film TOWER will run approximately 10-12 minutes to time visitor movement through the tower. The theater’s ca- pacity is 8-10 people, which means 8-10 people will be moving into the tower every 12-15 minutes.

• One Way Up, One Way Down: At the film’s completion, visitors will be instructed to take the elevator to the 10th floor and use the stairs (as they are able) to work their way down the tower.

• No Restrooms: There are no restrooms in the tower, so visitors should be made aware of this before PLEASE they enter the Maritime Theater. USE STAIRS • Testing & Adapting: The tower is scheduled to open in phases—10 floors will be completed by TO GO DOWN spring 2022 with three to four new floors opening every four to six months. As floors are added and 10th Floor to 1st Floor as visitors begin to use the tower, a period of testing, adapting, and adjustment will be needed to fine-tune visitor flow and volume.

START HERE 1st Floor

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.20 CREATING CONTENT WHAT THEMES AND STORIES DO WE CONVEY? WHAT COLLECTIONS AND VISUAL RESOURCES TELL THE STORY?

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.21 WHAT IS A THEME?

Interpretive themes and subthemes are the central messages and ideas critical to the visitor experience. These themes and subthemes address the significance of the museum and its collection, and seek to address universally understood concepts that all visitors can relate to in their own lives. Examples include the drive to overcome obstacles, the value of community, pride in a job well done, the value of innovation, or hope for the future.

The themes and subthemes may or may not appear verbatim in exhibits, programs, and other forms of interpretation, but they should guide interpretive efforts by providing organizational structure and clarity to the messages visitors encounter when they visit the Door County Maritime Museum. In addition, the themes should link directly to outcomes for interpretation by communicating historical stories, building emotional connections, and inspiring visitors to action.

Source: Door County Maritime Museum Good interpretive themes clarify, limit, and focus the nature and scope of an exhibit.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.22 CREATING CONTENT

Key messages and stories are segmented into a hierarchy designed to guide decisions about primary, DCMM’S INTERPRETIVE THEME secondary, and tertiary content on each floor, throughout the tower, and across the entire museum. Museum-wide Message

LEVEL 1: MAIN INTERPRETIVE THEME DEFINED BY WATER: We are all stewards of this beautiful, dynamic place—the Door Peninsula—which is inextricably defined by water. Throughout time, water has carved out this The main interpretive theme guides interpretation across the entire museum defining the scope of the landscape, inspired exploration and ingenuity, and defined our connections to the region and museum’s broadest message. If visitors remember one thing about their visit, this is it. the broader world.

LEVEL 2: SUBTHEMES Each floor or gallery has an overarching message that defines the scope of exhibits on the floor and the broad take-away message for visitors. Subthemes are defined for each floor of the tower in the pages that follow. 10th Floor TOWER LEVEL 3: STORYLINES Each subtheme is supported by a series of storylines that expand and further define the content for THREADS THAT RUN SUBTHEMES FOR EACH each floor. Storylines for the tower are also outlined in the pages that follow. THROUGHOUT FLOOR / GALLERY Just for Kids Supporting Storylines LEVEL 4: THREADS Authentic Voices Threads can represent stories, design or content approaches, or audience-segment approaches that run across floors. In the case of the tower, we are proposing two threads that run throughout the tower. One thread focuses on a content approach that emphasizes the authentic stories of real people. The MUSEUM second thread focuses on STEAM-related approaches targeted at children. More details about each of these approaches are provided in the pages that follow.

1st Floor

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.23 THREAD: AUTHENTIC VOICE

In many parts of the exhibit, visitors will encounter a historical Since we want to encourage visitors to take the stairs to move down institutional “voice,” but wherever possible, we would like to the tower, we need to plan for not only wayfinding , but also creative introduce visitors to the authentic faces and people of Door County, elements that draw people to the stairwell. Wayfinding should help past to present. visitors understand where they are and where to go next, while creative elements should invite discovery, create visual interest, and Presented in photographs, video clips, and as brief quotes, the provide at-a-glance information that allows visitors to keep moving featured individuals will inject “authentic voices” into the exhibit. We in the stairwell. These authentic faces and voices could invite visitors propose featuring these “authentic voices” as a creative element in to learn more on each floor while providing insights and diverse the stairwell, as well as in certain exhibits on each floor. For example, perspectives on exhibit content. on floor 3, visitors might encounter an archaeologists who tells the story of an underwater shipwreck. On floor 5, visitors might hear from a shipbuilder who shares his sense of pride when a new ship launches. On floor 8, visitors might hear from a tribal elder who talks about the cultural significance of the Door Peninsula. “As an archaeologist, I love learning about the lives of these vessels and the people on them.” – Victoria Kiefer Maritime Archaeologist

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.24 THREAD: JUST FOR KIDS

We understand that the Door County Maritime Museum aims to provides children with opportunities to engage with STEAM content create hands-on, educational exhibits that inspire young people to and develop 21-Century Skills. The locations for these exhibits are pursue careers in the region’s maritime industry. This thread seeks to denoted on the floor plans with the icon at right. inject 21st-Century Skill development and STEAM—an educational approach that engages students around the subjects of science, Exhibit elements and the activity trail could also link to the technology, engineering, the arts, and math—as the underpinnings Wisconsin Academic Standards if the museum wishes to provide of exhibits for children. The 21st-Century Skills framework focuses specific outcomes for school groups. In addition, pre- and post-visit on developing key abilities required for success in the 21st-century classroom activities could be developed linked to these exhibits. workforce. These include critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills, as well as information, media, and technology literacy.

On each floor of the tower, we’ve developed a “Just for Kids” recommendation for an exhibit that links to an activity book. In this way, we’ve created an activity trail that spans the tower and

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.25 THREAD: JUST FOR KIDS

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

The “Just for Kids” activity trail booklet could be modeled after the National Park Service’s junior ranger books and include learning activities associated with RAILROAD specific exhibits in the tower. This book about the EXPLORER transcontinental railroad was aligned with the National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies.

NOW? K U O Y Before the telegraph line,

Steam locomotives are big machines that do a which was completed in 1861, simple job. They make steam. The locomotive D the only way to send a message I

needs fuel (wood or coal), heat, and water to across the United States was by D

make steam. This steam provides all the power Pony Express. Horseback riders

necessary to move an enormous train. would race across the United States. Still, it took them ten days to take a message from Choo Choo! Missouri to California. Got the Message? Morse code is made of dots and dashes that are tapped out in short and 2 3 long signals. These signals stand for individual letters and numbers. Once the transcontinental railroad was built, railroad workers used the telegraph Follow the numbers to see to communicate train arrival and departure times. This allowed the

what happens inside a 4 4 Site Historic National Steamtown Courtesy railroads to safely schedule more trains to move people and goods quickly. steam-powered locomotive.

4 Pistons 1 3 Boiler The steam is then directed through pipes to the Water is pumped into 2 Firebox pistons that move the the locomotive’s boiler. One person, called the wheels and pull the train. Tender As the water warms, 1 “fireman,” shovels fuel steam is produced. The tender is attached into the locomotive’s to the engine and carries firebox, where a small the water and fuel that fire burns the fuel and powers the locomotive. produces a lot of heat!

New York

At Promontory Summit, May 10, 1869, a San Francisco crowd gathered to honor the completion Try Morse Code of the transcontinental railroad. After Can you decipher this message in Morse code? ceremoniously tapping a golden spike OW and then removing it, workers drove a N ? final iron spike into the last tie. K ______U Telegraph wires had been attached O to both the spike and the maul. This Y allowed reporters in cities and towns As steam is released from the across the nation to hear the exact exhaust, it makes a “choo” ______D moment our country was connected I sound. This is a different sound Check your answer on the back cover. by rail. To see the location where the

D from the train’s warning whistle. railroad was completed, visit Golden

Try releasing the sound “choo” Each town used to have its Spike National Historical Park. own time based on local from your mouth. See how high, If it is 8 AM in San Francisco, sunrise and sunset. Can you low, long, and short you can what time is it in New York? make the sound. imagine the confusion? The activity book could be designed as a “Maritime Pass,” perhaps To solve this problem, railroads began using time zones in ______the 1870s. In 1883, time zones Check your answer on the back cover. were adopted nationwide. shaped as a lighthouse with a lanyard children can put around their necks. To keep children engaged, a “collect your stamp here” could be stationed on each floor.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.26 FLOOR 1: MARITIME THEATER SUBTHEME: Welcome to the Door Peninsula—a place of breathtaking beauty and rich history. At the Door County Maritime Museum you can explore the ways water has defined the people, history, and development of this region.

STORYLINES (Maritime Theater) STEWARDS OF THE DOOR Title: Life on the Water: Our Maritime History 01:00 – A Landscape Shaped by Water and Ice: The PENINSULA narrator leads into a geologist who gives a brief statement Run Time: Approximately 10 - 12 minutes about the region’s glacial past linking what we see today (rocky shoreline, fossils) to this past. Narrator: Male narrator with several “authentic voices” of real people speaking to different topics Possible Visual Treatments: Animation of formation of Niagara Escarpment and glacial past, contemporary video of Script Outline glaciers (landscape covered by ice) and Door County’s bluffs 00:00 - Introduction: The narrator conveys the beauty of the (ledges, caves, sinkholes, ancient cedar trees) Door Peninsula’s landscape and the importance of water to the region’s people, wildlife, and history. 02:00 - Native Connections: A tribal representative talks MARITIME about this region as his/her ancestral homeland, possibly THEATER Possible Visual Treatments: Drone shot coming from conveying an origin story. Lake Michigan or Green Bay onto the Door Peninsula; contemporary video of waves crashing, streams running, Possible Visual Treatments: Video of an interview with a animals near or in the water, people boating or hiking near tribal representative in an indoor setting or walking along a water, cherry or apple trees; montage of historical images of shoreline (winter shot would be okay), montage of historical people on the water; graphic with film title and Door County images of birch-bark canoes and Native camps Maritime Museum’s logo

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.27 FLOOR 1: MARITIME THEATER

03:00 - European Contact / Early Settlers & Commerce: The Possible Visual Treatments: Montage of historical images of Possible Visual Treatments: Video of people climbing Cana Island narrator talks about the arrival of the first explorers, the rise of the lighthouses and the life-saving service, map showing all the Lighthouse, paddling on the water, walking the beach, fishing, timber and limestone quarry industries, and the establishment of lighthouses on the Door Peninsula, excerpt from existing lighthouse enjoying wine at a vineyard or beer at a brewery, participating in a early communities with the possible inclusion of a quote from an video local festival; montage of historical images/footage of early tourism early settler. 05:30 - Building of the Canal: The narrator provides an overview of 08:00 - Habitats: The narrator talks about the ever-changing nature Possible Visual Treatments: Montage of historical renderings and when, why, and how the Sturgeon Bay Canal was built and how it of the landscape and the importance of biodiversity highlighting photos that convey the rise of different industries and communities, changed the region. one or two ecosystems and/or an iconic species map of the Door Peninsula with major communities marked Possible Visual Treatments: Animation of the building of the canal or Possible Visual Treatments: Contemporary video of highlighted 04:00 - Shipwrecks: An underwater archaeologist gives a brief maps that show before and after, montage of historical images of ecosystems full of life (bluffs, dunes, underwater, streams, forest) statement about why so many shipwrecks are in the waters around the building of the canal the Door Peninsula and what we have learned from some of these 09:15 - Closing / Stewardship: The narrator invites people to join as wrecks, perhaps in the form of a single compelling story of a wreck. 06:30 - Rise of Shipbuilding: A contemporary shipbuilder talks stewards, “No matter what brings us to the Door Peninsula, we are about the legacy of shipbuilding in Sturgeon Bay including the all stewards of this beautiful and dynamic place that is inextricably Possible Visual Treatments: Map of the Door Peninsula with points for history related to World War II. linked to water. Through the cycle of seasons and the passing of all the shipwrecks, underwater footage of a shipwreck, montage of time, water has carved out and shaped our relationship to the land historical images of famous ships that sank Possible Visual Treatments: Video of an interview with a shipbuilder and to the broader world. Explore and enjoy, learn about and honor perhaps on a ship, montage of historical images of shipbuilding, the past, and help us preserve this extraordinary place for future 04:45 - Lighthouses & Life Saving: The narrator gives the history famous ships built in Sturgeon Bay generations.” of lighthouses on the peninsula and of the life-saving service with the possible inclusion of a quote from an early lighthouse keeper or 07:30 - Tourism: The narrator talks about the rise of tourism in Door member of the life-saving service. County.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.28 FLOOR 1: MARITIME THEATER

Possible Visual Treatments: Contemporary video of Door County through the seasons, montage of historical images that convey links to the water across time

10:00 - The Tower Experience: Fade to black before the narrator gives directions, “Please exit the theater via the elevator behind you. Go to the 10th floor to start your visit with sweeping views from the top of the tower. Please use the stairs, as you are able, to work your way down the tower. Each floor offers exhibits that further reveal the region’s rich maritime history and natural beauty.”

Possible Visual Treatments: Animation of movement through the tower with call-outs of each floor. This can be expanded as floors are added.

10:45 - Credits

Along with the video presentation, there might be small vignettes (i.e., display cases with model ships, lighthouses, or a historical wall map) in the room that are highlighted with light during certain segments of the presentation. These might also offer visitors elements they can view before and after the film, particularly if the displays are lit in interesting ways or have sound effects.

Source: University of Wisconsin Archive

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.29 EAST FLOOR 10: TOWER VIEW SUBTHEME: Sturgeon Bay’s development reflects the city’s connection to the region’s natural THE GROWTH OF A CITY A WORKING WATERFRONT resources and the wider world via the Great Lakes.

STORYLINES SAFE THE GREAT LAKES Safe Harbor: Sturgeon Bay’s natural harbor has long attracted • Shipwreck Point: Bullhead (Shipwreck) Point and the HARBOR BUILDING people. Thousands of years ago Native Americans fished these Sturgeon Bay Stone Company’s Abandoned Fleet A CANAL waters for the Sturgeon that once populated the bay. They also used a portage trail from the head of Sturgeon Bay to Lake Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical map of Michigan. Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay prior to the canal, rendering of Cardy Paleo Indian site or photographs of objects from Later, sailors found the bay a safe place of refuge during the site, historical images of Dunlap Reef Range Light and SOUTH NORTH storms, even if they needed to carefully navigate around a Sherwood Point Lighthouse, contemporary aerial photograph 700-foot-long stone reef just beneath the bay’s surface. of shipwrecks at Bullhead Point, historical images of ships at Bullhead Point In the early 1880s, the Sturgeon Bay Canal connected Lake Michigan to Green Bay and the Dunlap Reef Range Light and The Growth of a City: The modern city of Sturgeon Bay was RECREATIONAL the Sherwood Point Lighthouse made navigating this stone first settled in 1850. By the 1860s, the town had more than BOATING reef and the canal easier. 200 residents and three sawmills. Lumber, limestone, and commercial fishing were all important trades in Sturgeon Bay A touchscreen interactive will provide more information on: at this time. In fact, Sturgeon Bay became a center for stone • The Geography of Green Bay, Sturgeon Bay, and Lake quarrying with five quarries shipping limestone to many ports Michigan throughout the region. With the growth of the city came • Early Inhabitants: Cardy Paleo Indian Site churches, hotels, bars, fire service, a library, and a newspaper. • Navigation: Dunlap Reef & the Dunlap Reef Range Light and Sherwood Point Lighthouse

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.30 FLOOR 10: TOWER VIEW

A touchscreen interactive will provide more information on: A touchscreen interactive will provide more information on: Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Map of the Great Lakes - St. • Sawmills: Scofield and Company and others • Barges, Tugs, and Tows: Tug John Purves, Adriatic Crane-equipped Lawrence Seaway System • Limestone Quarrying: The Sturgeon Bay Stone Company and Stone Barge, and Sarter Marine Towing others • Shipbuilding: Peterson Builders, Fincantieri Bay Shipbuilding, Building a Canal: Before the 7,400-foot-long Sturgeon Bay Canal • Bridges: Toll Bridge (later the Railroad Bridge), Michigan Street CenterPointe Yacht Services, and Palmer Johnson Yachts was cut, ships were forced to travel through the dangerous Ports des Bridge, Oregon Street Bridge, and Bayview Bridge • Marine Travellift Morts (Death’s Door). The canal’s construction required removing • Churches: St. Joseph’s Church • Roen Salvage over 1,100,000 cubic yards of soil and cost roughly $700,000, which • Public Services: Fred A. Busse Fireboat, Door County Courthouse, was a substantial sum in the late 1800s. The new passage quickly The Door County Advocate, and Carnegie Free Library Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical birds-eye attracted thousands of ships and put Sturgeon Bay on the map. illustrations and photos of Sturgeon Bay’s waterfront with a Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical birds-eye particular focus on shipbuilding, historical photographs of featured A touchscreen interactive will provide more information on: illustrations and photos of Sturgeon Bay’s waterfront, historical sights and the people connected with these sights, oral histories • The Geography of Death’s Door photographs of featured sights and the people connected with from early dockworkers • The Building of the Sturgeon Bay Canal these sights, aerial image of Sturgeon Bay with bridges labeled, oral • Portage Park histories from early settlers The Great Lakes: The Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway System • Navigation: North Pierhead Light and Canal Station Light encompasses the St. Lawrence River and the five Great Lakes, and A Working Waterfront: In 1881, the Sturgeon Bay Canal linked stretches more than 2,300 miles from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of the Sturgeon Bay to Lake Michigan and made the city of Sturgeon Bay a Lake Superior. Sturgeon Bay is connected to this vital maritime construction of the Sturgeon Bay Canal, before and after maps center for maritime traffic and shipbuilding. Today, the city remains a network that moves cargo between North America and national and of the canal’s location in relationship to Death’s Door, historical center for maritime industries including recreation and tourism. international markets. photographs of North Pierhead Light and Canal Station Light, quotes from those who built the canal

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.31 FLOOR 10: TOWER VIEW

Recreational Boating: Door County’s nearly 300 miles of shoreline and 34 islands bring boundless opportunities to get on the water whether by power, paddle, or sail. Today, tourism and recreational boating are central to Sturgeon Bay’s economy.

Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical and contemporary photographs of recreational boating and fishing, images of the evolution of the Sturgeon Bay Yacht Club & Harbor

Just for Kids Thread: An interactive station for children could provide a viewing platform for smaller children. Mechanical interactives might give children the opportunity to compare the sizes of different boats from canoes to tugs to schooners to barges while getting their Maritime Pass stamped.

Source: Door County Pulse

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.32 FLOOR 9: OUR ROCKY PENINSULA

SUBTHEME: Across time, the Door Peninsula has been defined by water, ice, and wind. The result ANCIENT SEA TO is an ever-changing beautiful landscape that is home to a diverse array of life. TODAY’S FOSSILS A LANDSCAPE DEFINED BY ICE STORYLINES Ancient Sea to Today’s Fossils: Along Lake Michigan’s shores Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Illustration of Niagara are traces of life from more than 400 million years ago when Escarpment; illustrations of glacial lobes, Great Lakes, most of North America was covered by the shallow saltwater outwashes, and kettle lakes; AV of a geologist Silurian Sea. Today, the creatures and corals of the Silurian Sea are found as fossils. These include Brachiopods, which are Interactive: Visitors can digitally go back millions of years to see the region covered by the Silurian Sea and watch as the Rocky bivalve shelled animals; Cephalopods, which are mollusks; and Shores Rugous Coral, which looks like thimbles. landscape transforms from water to glaciers to today’s modern Green Bay & Great Lakes. the Fox River Valley THE NATURE Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Illustrations of Silurian OF LAKE The Nature of Lake Michigan: From rocky shores to inland Sea creatures; fossils such as Brachiopods, Cephalopods, and MICHIGAN Rugous Coral streams, the Door Peninsula is home to a broad diversity of life including numerous native and rare plants and animals. These Coastal Dunes Just for Kids Thread: An interactive station for children could ecosystems are defined by their important connections to Streams & Estuaries provide opportunities for young visitors to examine and touch water and their glacial history. Ecosystems to highlight include: fossils while getting their Maritime Pass stamped. Rocky Shores: The Niagara Escarpment is most visible on the A Landscape Defined by Ice: The Niagara Escarpment was Green Bay side of the Door Peninsula where bluffs of exposed formed when glaciers one- to two-miles thick gouged out dolomite soar 200-250 feet above the lake. Water and wind soft shale and left harder dolomite exposed. These glaciers have shaped these bluffs creating beautiful ledges and caves gave shape to the Great Lakes (as well as to Lake Winnebago, and a sensitive ecosystem that is home to some of the oldest the Fox River Valley, and Green Bay). The glaciers also revealed living trees in the Midwest, some nearly 1,200 years old. The fossils long trapped underground. rocky faces and ledges, caves, sinkholes, crevices, and talus

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.33 FLOOR 9: OUR ROCKY PENINSULA

slopes support more endangered and threatened species than and many mammals representative of a northern Wisconsin mixed Another story that could be featured here is that of the sturgeon. anywhere else in Wisconsin. conifer hardwood forest. Though endangered, sturgeon have survived relatively unchanged for 200 million years meaning they would have populated these Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Images of ancient white Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Images of dominant, waters at the time of the glacial retreat. In addition, the Menominee cedars on the escarpment; images of dominant, native, and rare native, and rare species found in streams and estuaries (perhaps in have been people of the nama’o, or sturgeon, for thousands of years. species found on the escarpment (perhaps in different seasons) different seasons) The sturgeon spawn is such an important event for the Menominee that it is part of a ceremonial feast. In addition, sturgeon are Coastal Dunes: On the Lake Michigan side of the Door Peninsula, Green Bay & the Fox River Valley: The Fox River Valley encompasses considered mitaä’o, or medicine. Sturgeon populations suffered in the dune ecosystem provides habitat to more than 400 species of expansive wetlands, productive farm fields, abundant surface the nineteenth century as dams were constructed on rivers in which vascular plants, including many rare, threatened, or endangered waters, diverse forests, and growing human communities. The sturgeon lived and spawned. More than a century later, populations species. In fact, coastal dunes are among the most endangered valley’s biggest lake, Lake Winnebago, has one of the world’s largest of the massive bottom-feeding fish are showing signs of recovery. natural communities in the world. With Lake Michigan water levels sturgeon populations. The Fox River Valley has also long supported The species is benefiting from fishing limits and stocking programs, projected to remain above average for the foreseeable future, rapid several Native American cultures, and has been important for its as well as a fish elevator and tanks that haul them around two erosion is expected to continue. fisheries, waterfowl, and wild rice. hydroelectric dams on the Menominee River.

Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Images of dominant, native, One project that might be features is the Menominee Indian Tribe’s Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Images of dominant, native, and rare species found in the coastal dunes (perhaps in different recently work to restore Five-Islands Creek. The project supports and rare species found in Green Bay and the Fox River Valley seasons) traditional Menominee cultural practices by providing community (perhaps in different seasons); AV of tribal representative talking members with easier access to hunting, fishing, and hiking Streams & Estuaries: The region’s streams and estuaries (such as the about the region’s rich biodiversity—its meaning and importance; opportunities, as well as opportunities to collect medicinal plants Mink River Estuary) provide habitat for a number of important plants images of medicinal plants that have sustained their culture for centuries. and animals including Great Lakes fish (estuaries provide critical spawning habitat), many species of migratory and breeding birds,

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.34 FLOOR 8: PEOPLE OF THE WATER Paleo Indian Archaic Woodland Mississippian/ Period Period Tradition Oneota SUBTHEME: People have lived on and off these waters for millennia.

Native Origins NATIVE AMERICANS STORYLINES Early Historic Native Americans: Water is central to the creation stories of Just for Kids Thread: The Native origin story could be the Menominee, Ho-Chunk, and Potawatomi—the three tribes developed for children as an illustrated storybook, or perhaps European with the most direct links to the Door Peninsula. Although the as a Pepper’s Ghost set. Once children read or hear the story, Explorers early historical record has limited mention of the Menominee, they could complete an activity in their Maritime Pass and get ARRIVAL OF they are the only tribe whose origin story indicates that they it stamped. EUROPEANS The Tribes of have always lived in Wisconsin. In fact, the Menominee trace Wisconsin Treaties & Land Loss their origins to the mouth of the Menominee River where they Alongside one or more of these origin stories, this storyline might provide the archaeological context of the Door believe Ancestral Bear emerged and the Creator shaped Ances- Walloon-speaking tral Bear into the first human. Peninsula from the Paleo Indian Period up through European Belgians Sturgeon Bay contact in the mid 1600s. COMMUNITIES OF THE The Ho-Chunk origin story recalls that in the beginning there PENINSULA 10,000 - 8,000 BCE | Paleo Indian Period: Archaeological Jacksonport was nothing. Earthmaker sat in silence and darkness and cried. Fish Creek & The tears fell down to create oceans, lakes, and streams. sites on the Door Peninsula place human habitation at more Egg Harbor than 11,000 years ago. Until recently the earliest dated site, the Baileys Harbor

In the Potawatomi origin story, there was nothing but water Cardy Site, caused controversy, as it was widely understood Ephraim Washington and no land in the beginning. A man floated in a canoe crying that the Door Peninsula was fully glaciated at that time. Recent Island and was approached by a muskrat who asked why he wept. work by glacial geologists has concluded that northern Door The man replied that he had been searching a long time and County was a glacial island and not fully glaciated 11,000 years could not find land. Muskrat dove to bring up a handful of land ago. The early human activity related to the Cardy Site was and then recruited other animals to help and together they likely a campsite for hunters migrating to the area in pursuit worked with the man to create the earth. of large prey animals. It is likely that they traveled over ice

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.35 FLOOR 8: PEOPLE OF THE WATER

sheets and perhaps even were able to see the receding glaciers. The Creek people settled the site next from 500-700 CE. During this this period including Mero Site, Shanty Bay, Port des Morts, Rock landscape at best would have been a treeless tundra with little to period, there is evidence of agriculture. Later from 800-900 CE, the Island, Little Lake Site on Washington Island, and Point Sauble. no vegetation. Most of our knowledge of life on the Door Peninsula site was used by people who settled in larger villages. These villages during this period is from chipped and fluted stone points. were along a shallow sheltered bay safe for canoe travel. There were 1600 - 1700 CE | Early Historic: During this period, a Huron well-drained sandy soils for easy digging for shelters and storage (Wyandotte) confederacy dominated the Great Lakes and 8,000 - 500 BCE | Archaic Period: Ecological changes precipitated and cooking pits. There were abundant resources for hunting, controlled trade between the French and tribal communities. The social changes during this period. Glaciers had receded and no fishing, and foraging, as well as access to Eagle Bluff as a source earliest mention of Native American tribes in eastern Wisconsin longer had a chilling effect on the climate. A decline of large of chert for making stone tools. The campsites were abandoned in the European record is in the 1620s with a mention of the Ho- animals resulted in a reliance on a wider range of resources. This during repeated periods of high water levels in 350 BCE, 250 CE, and Chunk (Winnebago) as possible trade partners. According to the included greater innovation with plant materials that resulted in between 600-800 CE. archaeological record, Ho-Chunk sites from this period contain developments in basketry and nets that enabled fishing. In addition European goods, but archaeologists believe they were acquired to fish, there was greater availability of small game and birds as well 1000 - 1600 CE | Mississippian/ Oneota: The Mississippian culture through trade. In 1634, when Jean Nicolet arrived in the area, he as plant resources. During this period, the use of copper works and is characterized by increased social, technological, and organizational encountered the Ho-Chunk and described the “People of the Sea” ground stone technology emerges. complexity. Mississippian peoples settled in large sometimes as powerful and populous. Huron policy prevented Europeans from fortified sedentary villages within which there was often division of returning to Wisconsin for another 20 years. When they returned, 500 BCE - 1000 CE | Woodland Tradition: The Woodland Traditions labor and rank. Subsistence relied on fishing, shellfish harvesting, other tribes had moved in and the Ho-Chunk population had (Early, Middle, and Late) are characterized by farming, pottery, trapping aquatic mammals, and agriculture. Pottery became more dispersed. and mound burials. On the Door Peninsula, the Shanty Bay Site in refined. Oneota culture is of the rivers and streams and forest and Peninsula State Park dates as early as 100 BCE. The North Bay people farmland. Although there is scant archaeological evidence, the Late The Hurons were defeated by the Iroquois in 1650 and their used the site until around 300 CE. Archaeologists believe the site was Oneota phase is linked traditionally to Ho-chunk (Winnebago). There defeat opened Wisconsin to Europeans. Fear of the Iroquois had a used from the Sturgeon spawn in the spring through the summer. are a number of Door County archaeological sites associated with resounding impact on all other groups in the area. Many moved Artifacts from this period include crude pottery shards. The Heins through the Straits of Mackinac and traveled down to Wisconsin.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.36 FLOOR 8: PEOPLE OF THE WATER

Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, Mascouten, Miami, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi Arrival of Europeans: In 1634, Jean Nicolet arrived in the area. This In addition to policies aimed at displacing the tribes from their all moved into Wisconsin and most continued on. This refugee expedition was followed by several others including that of Pierre land, the United States employed an aggressive campaign at forced migration moved the weakened Ho-Chunk south and west, and Radisson in 1659 and Robert La Salle in 1679. The French dominated cultural assimilation. In 1819 the Civilization Fund Act was passed the Menominee as well. By the time Pierre Radisson’s expedition early European exploration of the region. By the early part of the to encourage the re-education of Native Americans to begin the reached Door County in 1659, it made no mention of Ho-Chunk or 1700s, French traders and French Jesuit missionaries were setting “civilization” process. In 1883, the Code of Indian Offenses was Menominee in the area. up settlements. French control of the region came to an end in established which prohibited the practice of traditional religions. 1763 with the end of the French and Indian War. Britain took control During this period the Indian Boarding School system was also In 1648, the Potawatomi settled Rock Island and built a fortified until 1783, when the United States acquired what is today the Door created which removed Native children from their homes and village. In 1653, they defeated the Iroquois and gained control over Peninsula in the Treaty of Paris. sent them to boarding schools where they were prohibited from trade coming by water from the north. Anyone coming across the speaking their language and practicing their religion. Many of these Grand Traverse into the Door Peninsula had to meet the Potawatomi As the United States gained dominance over the Wisconsin territory, policies continued well into the 1900s. on their home ground along the lake shore. There were later policies of displacement and forced assimilation were applied to the historical accounts of the Potawatomi by Father Hennepin, who tribes. The Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1825 was the first of many. Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Illustrations and historical wrote in 1679 that as his party approached Rock Island to gather furs, This treaty drew boundaries around what were understood to be images of tribal communities and boarding schools, illustrations and a Potawatomi group came out in their canoes to provide guidance the existing tribes in the area. These boundaries did not delineate historical images of early explorers, records of explorers, map of early to shore. reservations nor was land ceded. Door County was included in a treaty territories, objects and images from the French and Indian War territory that stretched deep into Illinois and included the Chippewa Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Illustrations of an origin story; (Ojibwe), Ottowa, and Potawatomi. There is no indication that the Communities of the Peninsula: After the opening of the Erie Canal objects such as stone points and tools, copper works, pottery, and a Chippewa or Ottowa were settled in Door County but may have in 1825, many Euro-American settlers flooded westward. By the time birch-bark canoe; illustrations of tribal communities been lumped together because the three tribes are all Anishinabe Wisconsin became a state in 1848, plentiful natural resources began in origin and share a root language. By 1835, most of the state’s tribal to draw many fishermen, lumbermen, and settlers from the eastern land had been ceded. United States and all over Europe. In fact, the Door Peninsula built up

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so quickly that most of the region’s communities were established in reported this to a Milwaukee financier, and by 1849, a village was Island. The village thrived and fishermen, farmers, and lumbermen a short 20-year period. set up at Baileys Harbor. In just a year, nearly 2,500 cords of lumber moved there with their families. In 1855, Thorp’s relatives Jacob and shipped from Baileys Harbor. Levi Thorp founded Egg Harbor. Increase Clafin, his wife Mary, and their six children are generally acknowledged as the first permanent Euro-American settlers on the Washington Island has the oldest Icelandic community in the United In 1855 and 1856 large numbers of Walloon-speaking Belgians Door Peninsula. Clafin purchased land from the federal government States, as well as an interesting connection to slavery and the Civil settled in the deep woods of Union, Brussels, and Gardner and in Green Bay and built a log cabin trading post in 1835 in what is War. In the 1850s, a colony of nine African-American families lived began to clear farms. Even today, this area holds the largest present-day Little Sturgeon Bay. He trading fur with the Menominee at West Harbor on Washington Island. It is believed the colony may concentration of Belgian-Americans in the United States. and also farmed and raised horses. have been escaped slaves but there is no historical record of this. Washington Island was also a stop on the Underground Railroad In 1867, Jacksonport first developed as a lumber camp. By 1880, it In 1850, Oliver Perry Graham built the first log cabin on the east before the Civil War. Escaped slaves would quietly board ships in was a thriving community principally of German Lutherans but the shore of Sturgeon Bay. Soon after, other settlers and their aspiring Chicago. When the ships stopped at Washington Island to refuel, the town saw rapid decline when the region’s forests diminished. businesses started to mold the land surrounding the bay. By the slaves would get off and wait on the island for a ship to stop that Though there are no tribal lands on the Door Peninsula today, 1860s, Sturgeon Bay had more than 200 residents and was a was heading for Detroit or onward to Canada. burgeoning waterfront town. several tribal groups trace their roots to the peninsula and have In 1853, Ephraim became the peninsula’s first religious settlement. communities in Wisconsin including the Menominee Indian Tribe The oldest town in Door County, Baileys Harbor, traces its roots Founded by Reverend Andrew Iverson and three of his followers, of Wisconsin, the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin, and the Forest to Captain Justice Bailey. In 1848, Captain Bailey was bound for this community of Norwegian Moravians built the first church and County Potawatomi Community. Milwaukee with several immigrants when his ship ran into a violent school on the Door Peninsula. storm. He took shelter in the first available harbor where the crew Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Map of early port towns and several passengers made their way to shore. They found rock Fish Creek was founded by Asa Thorp who built a dock in 1854 on and peninsula communities (possibly printed as a floor graphic that that could be quarried and timber that could be logged. Bailey Green Bay as the only place to stop between Fort Howard and Rock organizes this zone, historical images of early peninsula people and

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communities, objects that represent early life in the region, map of current tribal lands in Wisconsin

Interactive: While static exhibit displays could feature the historical stories of different communities, a central touchscreen with an interactive map could highlight the region’s development around ports and provide “at a glance” facts about each community (i.e., establish date, industry, ethnic make-up, today’s population).

Source: University of Wisconsin Archive

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.39 FLOOR 7: NAVIGATING THESE WATERS Subtheme: Modern maritime navigation is built on ancient knowledge of celestial bodies and coastal landmarks, advances in tools and technology, and the work of adventurers and BY SUN, STARS, & LAND cartographers who charted the world. CHARTS & MAPS STORYLINES By Sun, Stars, & Land: The earliest navigation methods An astrolabe would have been among the suite of tools involved observing landmarks and watching the direction available to Jean Nicolet, who arrived on the Door Peninsula in of the sun and stars. Whenever possible, mariners would sail 1634. He may also have used a quadrant or cross-staff. within sight of land in order to navigate, but sailing near shore often came with hazards. To avoid sandbars, shoals, and reefs, Like the astrolabe, the quadrant and the cross-staff were tools sailors would use a lead line, or fathometer, to obtain depth that allowed mariners to determine the angle of elevation readings called soundings. Some even knew how to use the between the horizon and celestial bodies like the sun, planets, LIGHTHOUSES & RANGE movements of birds and fish to aid in navigation. moon, or stars to ascertain their latitude and direction. LIGHTS NEW TECHNOLOGY When land wasn’t visible, sailors watched the direction of the The mariner’s astrolabe, quadrant, and cross-staff were later sun and the location of constellations, such as Orion or Polaris, supplanted by the sextant, which is an instrument that to mark their positions. One of the earliest celestial navigation measures the angular distance between two visible objects. tools was an astrolabe, which can be traced to ancient Greece The primary use of a sextant is to measure the angle between and later to 9th-century Europe and the Islamic world. Known an astronomical object and the horizon. as a “star-taker” in Greek, the astrolabe was used by sailors to Although the Chinese knew about the importance of measure the height of the sun or a star above the horizon. magnetic fields and invented the compass as early as the 11th Used with star and planetary charts and tables, sailors could or 12th century, it was the Europeans who initially used it for find their latitude, or their location on Earth north to south. maritime navigation. Compasses were originally only used when the sun, stars, or other landmarks could not be seen.

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During the 16th century, the chip log was invented as a crude embellished with decorations. Mapmakers made these expensive Interactive: A touchscreen table guides visitors through a plotting speedometer. A line containing knots at regular intervals was charts during the 13th century, using compiled sail data that was exercise in the waters around the Door Peninsula weighted and let out over the stern of a moving ship. Sailors would recorded by sailors. The charts were not reliable because they lacked count the number of knots that went out over a specific period of latitude, longitude, and distance information. New Technology: The 20th century brought important advances time to calculate the ship’s speed. to marine navigation with radio beacons, radar, the gyroscopic While latitude could be found using celestial navigation, longitude, compass, and geospatial technology such as the global positioning A navigator could use all this information—compass direction, or the location on the Earth east to west, could only be estimated system (GPS). However, even today, most large ships still keep a speed, currents, and angle of elevation—to track and determine a until 1764, when a British clockmaker invented the seagoing sextant on board in case of an emergency. ship’s location. Known as dead reckoning, this navigation method chronometer, a significant advancement in maritime navigation. In required meticulous observation and careful record keeping. 1779, Captain James Cook used the chronometer to circumnavigate Gyroscopic Compass: The gyroscopic compass (or gyro compass) the globe. When he returned, his calculations of longitude based on was introduced in 1907. The primary benefit of the gyro compass Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Fathometers, astrolabes, the chronometer proved correct to within 8 miles. From information over a magnetic compass is that the gyro is unaffected by the quadrants, cross-staffs, sextants, compasses, chip logs or images of he gathered on his voyage, Cook completed many detailed charts Earth’s, or the ship’s, magnetic field, and always points to true north. these tools; illustrations or images that show how these tools were of the world that completely changed the nature of navigation. Radar: The first practical radar (short for “radio detection and used; early celestial charts and tables In 1884, by international agreement, the Prime Meridian (located ranging”) system was produced in 1935. It was used to locate objects at 0° longitude) was established as the meridian passing through Charts & Maps: As artists and cartographers began to chart bodies beyond range of vision by projecting radio waves against them. This Greenwich, England. of water and land, mariners would use these charts and known was, and still is, very useful on ships to locate other ships and land landmarks as navigational aids. The first portolan charts used Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Early to contemporary charts when visibility is reduced. the direction of wind or compass points to lay courses from one and maps; a chronometer or photo of one harbor to another. The charts were usually drawn on vellum and Sonar: Sonar is similar to radar but uses sound waves rather than radio waves. Sonar is the only remote-sensing technology that can

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explore the bulk of the world’s seas and other deep waters. Sonar allowed for the creation of larger, more powerful lighthouses. The Today, there are 11 lighthouses on the Door Peninsula, and Door systems mounted on ships’ hulls or in special torpedoes towed first lighthouse in America was built by the British in 1716 in the County boasts more lighthouses per mile than anywhere else in the behind ships (“sonar fish”) have been used since World War II to map Boston Harbor. Door County’s first lighthouse—the Pottawatomi United States. the lake-bottom and ocean-floor topography. Lighthouse—was constructed on Rock Island in 1836. Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Charts with navigational aids Loran: The navigation system known as Long Range Navigation Today, a network of lighthouses, beacons, and buoys aid navigation noted, map of all the lighthouses on the Door Peninsula, historical (Loran) was developed between 1940 and 1943 and uses pulsed and enhance safety. All lighted aids to navigation are either major images and/or AV of lighthouses and other navigational aids on the radio transmissions from so-called “master” and “slave” stations to or minor lights. Major lights are used for key navigational points Door Peninsula. determine a ship’s position. The accuracy of Loran is measured in along coasts, channels, harbors, and river entrances. These lights are hundreds of meters, but only has limited coverage. normally placed in lighthouses and other permanent structures, like Just for Kids Thread: In 1869, the Baileys Harbor Range Lights beacons, that provide very strong, long-range light. Minor lights are replaced the original lighthouse as a more effective way to keep GPS: In the late 20th century, the global positioning system likely to be found within harbors and along channels. Often these ships off the treacherous reefs and shallows at the entrance to (GPS) largely replaced the Loran. GPS is a system of satellites that are buoys that have a low- to moderate-intensity light that mark Baileys Harbor. From the water, a sailor got “on range” by vertically allows the coordinates of any point on Earth to be measured with isolated dangers. aligning the white light in the Upper Range Light, which shone at extremely high precision. a height of 39 feet above the water, with the Lower Range Light’s Navigational aids are marked on charts, and additional important red beacon, fixed at 22 feet above the water. An interactive might Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Images or AV of modern details can be found in the USCG Light List, which is published provide visitors with an opportunity to guide a ship into Baileys navigation tools annually to furnish more complete information concerning aids to Harbor using the range lights. navigation. This information can include details about lighthouse Lighthouses & Range Lights: Lighthouses became important paint colors and designs that aid in daylight navigation. Similarly, navigational aids at the turn of the 18th century when advances in each lighthouse also flashes a different sequence of light to structural engineering and new and efficient lighting equipment differentiate it at night.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.42 FLOOR 6: MARITIME COMMERCE Subtheme: The Door County of today is built on the region’s rich natural resources and its connection to the wider world via the Great Lakes. BUILDING THE DOOR COUNTY TO STURGEON BAY THE WORLD STORYLINES CANAL Door County to the World: Lake Michigan has always Building the Sturgeon Bay Canal: The idea of constructing connected the Door Peninsula to the wider world supporting a canal to connect Green Bay to Lake Michigan was first Native American migration and trade networks, bringing early suggested by government surveyors in 1835. The canal was The Fur Trade European explorers, and creating one of the most robust devised as a way to save ships many hours of sailing time Tourism shipping networks in the world. Fur, limestone, lumber, ice, fish, between Green Bay and Lake Michigan and also to help vessels and agricultural products have all passed through the Door avoid the dangerous Death’s Door Passage. Peninsula’s ports. These products have built cities and ports INDUSTRIES Timber around the Great Lakes and on the East Coast and fed people In 1856, Green Bay lumber businessmen surveyed an old Native OF THE across the region. These connections also drove innovation in American portage trail that went from the head of Sturgeon Agriculture PENINSULA the region as engineers developed bigger and better ships and Bay to Lake Michigan. Following the survey, the Wisconsin more sophisticated ways to move cargo on and off ships legislature granted a charter to build the canal at this location, Limestone but a financial recession hit and the charter expired. Ice Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical images of Harvesting In the early 1860s, Joseph Harris, Sr., the founder of Sturgeon various products getting loaded on and off ships at ports on Commercial the Door Peninsula, map of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Bay’s first newspaper, framed legislation for the proposed Fishing Seaway System with various transportation networks Sturgeon Bay to Lake Michigan ship canal. In 1861, Harris delineated (i.e., water routes, but also later connections to traveled to Washington to request a federal land grant of land routes via rail and road), historical images that convey 200,000 acres, which included the segment where the canal innovations in ship design and cargo transportation was proposed as well as considerable adjacent land and property throughout the Door County-Green Bay area. This

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added land would be sold to finance the building of the canal. The The canal’s construction required removing over 1,100,000 cubic 1610s - The tribes controlled trading activity in the lakes mostly legislation passed in the Senate but fell two votes short in the House yards of soil and cost roughly $700,000, which was a substantial sum consisting of woven mats and furs. The Huron dominated trade with of Representatives. in the late 1800s. The engineering feat, which many believed was Europeans by prohibiting other tribes from traveling through their impossible, changed the course of history on the Door Peninsula territory to trade in Montreal. They also limited French exploration In 1864, Harris won election to the Wisconsin State Senate, where boosting local industry and paving the way for new businesses. beyond Lake Huron. he rallied the state to support the canal. In 1866, Harris returned to Washington to lobby for the project and won support. Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of the 1640s - Increasingly aggressive and armed Iroquois from the north construction of the Sturgeon Bay Canal, before and after maps and east sought to move west into Huron territory after exhausting The digging of the canal began on July 8, 1872. By the end of 1873, of the canal’s location, historical images of ships and tugs in the their beaver hunting grounds. They successfully defeated the Huron. the first quarter of the project was complete just as an economic canal, quotes from those who built the canal, aerial images or AV of recession hit causing the project to languish. During the downturn, the canal, historical images of the North Pierhead Light and Canal 1650s - Pushed east by the Iroquois, the Potawatomi settled on Rock engineering advances created hydraulic, steam-powered, barge- Station Light and Washington islands and controlled trade in the surrounding waters. mounted pumps, which reduced excavation costs. By the late 1870s, work resumed in earnest on the canal. A preliminary canal, usable Interactive: A monitor could provide visitors an animated, 1660s - The first shipments of furs from the Potawatomi traveled by by small commercial ships, was ready by the summer of 1878. In time-lapse depiction of the building of the canal as well as canoe flotillas northward from the Door Peninsula. Whitetail deer, 1879, the first sizable ship passed through the canal. State officials contemporary aerial flyover footage of the canal bear, woodchuck, muskrat, and raccoon were all regularly traded declared the 7,400-foot-long Sturgeon Bay Canal officially completed pelts, but above all else, the beaver pelt was prized. In exchange for in December 1881. Industries of the Peninsula furs and pelts, Native people received pots, knives, colored cloth, The Fur Trade: The lakes and rivers bordering and crisscrossing thread, hatchets, gunpowder, and firearms. When the canal opened, it was privately owned and high fees meant Wisconsin made waterways like highways to Native Americans and 1670s - Frenchman Robert La Salle gained permission to trade west many vessels chose to take the long way around the peninsula to fur traders. In fact, French goods traveled these trade networks faster of Lake Michigan and sent out a party of 15 to scout and begin avoid the toll. However, in 1892, the canal was sold to the federal than Frenchmen because there are records of European goods well trading. He established winter quarters on Rock Island. government and became accessible to all. before there are records of European contact.

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1680s - Many French traders made repeat trips to the Door Peninsula. Timber: When European settlers arrived on the Door Peninsula, it carrying a crew sick with diphtheria unloaded in the thriving logging The French hoped to extend their influence from the Great Lakes was densely forested with towering red and white pines, cedars, and town at Little Sister Harbor leaving all but one person dead. down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. A number of hemlocks. In 1848, Captain Justice Bailey discovered these dense trading forts were established. They were used to store furs. They forests while seeking shelter from a storm in what is now Baileys There were no banks operating on the Door Peninsula during the also became posts for soldiers. Harbor. Nearly 2,500 cords of wood were shipped out of Baileys logging boom so sawmills served that purpose. Many lumberjacks Harbor beginning the next year. worked for low wages but were able to take out a mortgage 1690s - Impacted by the war between England and France in through the mill. Europe, French funds for exploration and expansion were curbed. By 1860, several mills and logging camps were established by small Wisconsin’s tribes had become dependent on French trade and lumber companies in Little Sturgeon Bay, Rowleys Bay, Egg Harbor, After the Civil War, American expansion and development continued facing hardship in the absence of that trade, they increasingly turned and Fish Creek. Water was the ideal method for transporting large and lumber was needed for railroads, telegraphs, and city building to the Iroquois and the English. quantities of timber over great distances, so logging camps and mills (Chicago and Milwaukee). The Chicago Fire of 1871 increased were established near ports. demand even further for white pines and cedar. 1700s - French and British fur trade waned, but its short period of influence had major implications for Native life. Material culture Logging settlements were full of recent immigrants from Belgium, Populations quickly grew around new logging settlements only to changed with a reliance on European goods. Shifts in hunting Sweden, Norway, and Germany, as well as men from the eastern diminish or disappear as soon as the resources were depleted. In patterns away from subsistence hunting to professional hunting for United States. The work was dangerous and cold. Logging was 1879, Jacksonport was a town of nearly 2,000 people. By 1882, the trade put a strain on food sources and decimated beaver and other primarily done in the winter months as it was easier to slide logs on population had nearly halved with the forests bare. wildlife populations. Socially values shifted from a system of kinship snow or ice rather than drag them on dry ground. Logging dominated the Door County economy from 1870-1890, but to one dependent a market values. Camps were densely populated, lacked running water or bathroom by the end of the century, the finite resource had been tapped and Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of traders facilities, and medicine was primitive. Diseases could easily decimate the logging industry moved on to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and Native Americans, furs, hunting equipment, quotes from traders a settlement, as did a diphtheria outbreak in Sister Bay in 1865. A ship western Wisconsin, and further afield.

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Native Note: The Menominee have been practicing sustainable Mud Bay, and on Washington Island. Limestone from these quarries Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of quarries, forest management since the mid 1800s. According to the tribe’s oral built the harbors along the peninsula. The harbors and shipping in quarry equipment, quotes from quarry owners or workers, historical tradition, a chief counseled them to start harvesting the trees with turn helped to grow the quarries. images of harbors built with stone from Door County the rising sun and work toward the setting sun, but to take only the mature trees, the sick trees, and the trees that had fallen. Where the When the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal opened, it made large-scale Commercial Fishing: The earliest fishing was done by the Native forest ends , he advised turning around and cutting from the setting commercial quarries possible. The 1880s also brought the use of American communities in the area from Jacksonport to Rock Island. sun to the rising sun. In this way, he foretold that the trees would last dynamite and steam powered machinery, both of which increased Tribal fishermen harvested the fish using large birch-bark canoes, forever. The Menominee have received numerous awards for their efficiency. In 1893, Leathem and Smith opened a quarry at the dip nets, and nets made from twisted and knotted strands of willow forest management and 150 years after logging began they have mouth of Sturgeon Bay. By 1903, there were four active quarries in bark. They also speared through the ice and fished with hand carved more standing timber than they began with. the area: The Sturgeon Bay Stone Company, the Green Quarry, the decoys. Laurie Quarry, and the Leathem and Smith Quarry. Smaller quarries Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of mills, within Sturgeon Bay and most outlying quarries on the peninsula Commercial fishing began in the early 1800s with family operations. logging camps, and ships transporting lumber; logging equipment; closed because they could not compete with these large operations. During its heyday from 1870 to 1900, the industry grew to about 400 quotes from loggers, Alvin Clark model fisheries along the Door Peninsula. Once the harbors were well established, the need for mining Limestone: In the 1830s, Samuel Straumbaugh, the Indian Agent waned and was further impacted by the world wars and the Great By the early 1900s, overfishing began to affect fish populations. at Fort Howard, recognized that the area around Sturgeon Bay Depression. The industry’s legacy can be seen in the harbors along Sturgeon were considered a nuisance and were netted and hooked had abundant good quality stone as well as a “commodious and the shores of the Great Lakes. By the time the majority of quarries only to be slaughtered. In 1905, lake herring populations peaked and beautiful” harbor. In 1834, limestone mining began with Government closed around World War I, millions of tons of Door County stone never rebounded. In 1912, lake trout populations began to diminish. Bluff Quarry founded for the sole purpose of building breakwaters had been used in almost every harbor on Lake Michigan. The industry declined further with the opening the St. Lawrence and harbors. A number of small quarry operations soon followed Seaway in 1959, which allowed invasive species like the sea lamprey at Baileys Harbor, Door Bluff, Eagle Bluff, Garret Bay, Marshalls Point, to reach inland lakes where they decimated native trout and herring.

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There are only a handful of commercial fishing operations on other shoreline bays kept iceboxes cool in apartments, homes, and In 1896, E.S. Goff, professor of horticulture at the University of the peninsula today, but they remain a family trade with children businesses across the Midwest. Wisconsin, and A.L. Hatch, a Wisconsin fruit grower, experimented learning the skills they need from their fathers and grandfathers. with a number of fruit trees before discovering that cherries thrived Increased costs and unseasonably warm weather at the end of on the peninsula. They planted three acres of Montmorency cherries Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of the 1800s ended Door County’s regional shipment of ice, but it north of Sturgeon Bay. Farmers across the peninsula began to plant commercial fishing operations, nets, images of native fish species, continued to supply local communities well into the 1900s. cherry orchards. quotes from fishermen and women Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of ice By the 1940s, the Door Peninsula had 700 cherry growers produced Ice: Before electric refrigeration, houses and businesses relied on harvesting, storage, and transportation; equipment used in ice up to 50 million pounds of cherries annually, making Door County large blocks of ice harvested from frozen lakes or bays. The first ice harvesting the producer of 10 percent of the world’s cherries. harvesting business was established by Albert Marshall Spear in Little Sturgeon Bay in 1876. By 1880, there were six ice companies and 12 Agriculture: The open ground left in the wake of the timber industry Just for Kids Thread: Labor was scarce during World War II and immense storehouses in and near Sturgeon Bay. Seven hundred offered ample room for agriculture. There are early records of corn mechanical picking was still a few decades away so orchards men were employed in cutting ice. planted by the Potawatomi on Washington Island, but in the 1800s depended on migrant labor, German prisoners of war, and youth settlers struggled to grow grain in the shallow, rocky soil of the Door pickers from as far away as Chicago who came to participate in Ice was harvested for two to three months a year. Huge saws cut Peninsula. Peas had a short-lived success in the 1890s to early 1900s, Cherry Camp. the blocks, which were pulled from the lake with hooked tongs. but it was fruit orchards that would become a core agricultural crop The ice blocks were stored in warehouses where they were covered on the peninsula. At Cherry Camp, over 100 kids were housed at the Horseshoe Bay with sawdust from the local sawmills to prevent melting. In warmer Golf Club Clubhouse. Every day, they were expected to pick 7.5 pails months the ice would be delivered by truck to homes on the In 1861, Swiss immigrant Joseph Zettle recognized that the Door of cherries to cover room and board, but every cherry over 7.5 pails peninsula or by schooner to wholesalers as far as Chicago. The bays Peninsula would be ideal for raising fruit orchards and he planted was money in their pockets. After supper, prizes were awarded to along the peninsula were ideal for ice harvesting. Ice harvested apples. The rocky soil provided ample drainage and the lake effect the best pickers of the day. Free time was spent splashing around in from Ephraim, Horseshoe Bay, Fish Creek, Sawyer Harbor, and from Lake Michigan and Green Bay moderated the climate. the bay and exploring Horseshoe Bay Cave.

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Just for Kids Thread: The museum’s youngest visitors might be pristine natural spaces from shorelines to forests for nature lovers invited to calculate how many cherries they’d have to pick to fill 7.5 to enjoy. Entrepreneurs have established lodges and cafes. Farmers pails as they get their Maritime Pass stamped. provide fresh local food. Artists have opened studios and galleries. Tourism has fueled the development of these industries and in turn Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of they have supported a steady flow of visitors to the peninsula for agriculture on the peninsula, quotes and stories from workers, pails over a century. and other picking equipment, contemporary photos of orchards and varietals Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical photos of passenger steamboats; historical footage of tourists in Door County Tourism: Door County has long been a destination in the summer circa 1920s; historical and contemporary images of people on the months to escape the heat of Midwest cities. In the 1890s, the first water, camping, hiking, and enjoying Door County passenger steamboats arrived in Door County bringing people from Chicago, Milwaukee, and other Lake Michigan cities. By the 1920s, the major steamship companies were bringing thousands of Source: University of Wisconsin Archive passengers, and a bus service ran between Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay. The rise of the automobile in this period also ushered in the golden age of tourism to Door County. In the 1920s, 500,000 people a year visited Door County. Today, over 2 million visit annually.

Door County businesses from lodges to cherry orchards were committed early on to supporting tourism on the peninsula. The Door County Land Trust, Nature Conservancy, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and county parks have all helped to preserve

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.48 FLOOR 5: SHIPBUILDING Subtheme: People from maritime cultures settled Wisconsin’s shores and shaped the region’s shipbuilding legacy from the earliest wooden boats to state-of-the-art warships to world- SHIPYARDS & BOAT BUILDING: renowned recreational watercraft. PAST TO PRESENT

THE ART & STORYLINES SCIENCE OF Shipyards & Boat Building: Past to Present: Milwaukee and Iron and steel ships became standard in the late 1800s and BOAT BUILDING Manitowoc were home to the first shipyards in Wisconsin, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, and Superior became major centers of opening in the mid-1830s. The first types of boats built in steel shipbuilding. By 1900, two-thirds of the new ships being these commercial shipyards were fishing boats, lighters, and built in the upper Great Lakes were designed and constructed DOOR’S scows that transferred goods and lumber from shore to sailing in Superior. CELEBRITY schooners. By the late 1830s, these shipyards were building SHIPS larger wooden sailing schooners to haul lumber, limestone, In 1896, Rieboldt, Wolter, and Company moved their and other resources from places like the Door Peninsula to shipbuilding operations to Sturgeon Bay from Sheboygan. regional ports on the Great Lakes. Their company, then called Sturgeon Bay Shipbuilding, became one of the leading shipbuilders in the area. When Rieboldt and Shipbuilding emerged in Sturgeon Bay as an economic Wolter retired, a new company was incorporated, and in May A LEGACY OF INNOVATION necessity in the mid-1800s because the area had few major 1918, Universal Shipbuilding began business. It operated under roadways and no substantial railroad connections. Sturgeon that name for almost two years before becoming the Sturgeon THE LAUNCH Bay, in particular, offered two important assets to early Bay Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. shipbuilding operations: a protected harbor and abundant timber resources. Martin Peterson established Peterson Boat Works in Sturgeon Bay in 1907, building rowboats, canoes, and fishing tugs. During By the 1870s, steam power began to replace sailing ships. World War II, the firm built submarine chasers, minesweepers, Manitowoc produced its first steamer in 1861 though these high-speed aircraft rescue vessels, as well as other types of first steamships were actually constructed for inland use on the ships for the Navy. Mississippi and Wolf-Fox-Wisconsin River waterways.

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Sturgeon Bay Boat Works was established in 1918 to build and repair In 1968, the Manitowoc Company closed its Manitowoc shipyard and the stern and rudder came next. Shipbuilders then hoisted the fishing vessels. In 1928, Palmer Johnson, the founder’s son, built and bought two shipyards in Sturgeon Bay—the Sturgeon Bay lateral frames up one-by-one to form the skeleton of the ship. When the firm’s first wooden yacht. He would later pioneer the field of Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company and the Christy Corporation— the form was complete, the structure would be planked, caulked to aluminum yachts, building the some of the largest and fastest yachts making way for the creation of Bay Shipbuilding: a single, 50-acre make it watertight, and finally finished with deckhouses, galleys, and in the world. During World War II, the company also built over 40 45- complex capable of serving any vessel on the Great Lakes. Bay other deck furnishings. As it was constructed, the ship was propped foot air-sea rescue boats and four 65-foot freighters. Shipbuilding Company became Fincantieri Marine Group in 2008 on wooden supports until it was launched into nearby waters. and remains one of the last active builders of large ships on the At the height of the war, Sturgeon Bay’s yards were churning out a Great Lakes. The company has built tugs, barges, ice cutters, and a As engineers developed new technologies and designs, ships new ship every five days. The city mobilized to meet the demand, number of Staten Island ferries. became more complex and grew in size. Modern boats are built by creating a public transportation service, erecting a ship worker’s a number of specialized craftsmen (welders, steel cutters, engine village, and adding infrastructure to handle the influx of nearly In 1982, the Peterson Builders shipyard started building a new fleet installers, pipe cutters, plumbers, carpenters, painting, rigging, sail 7,000 new workers. The city’s population ballooned to 14,000 in of minesweepers, the mine countermeasure vessels (MCMs), also making) and technicians (drafters, building/manufacture, quality and 1944—nearly double its previous population and a level it has never known as the Avenger Class. Peterson Builders employed 1,400 production control). approached since. workers in the mid-1980s but would close its doors in 1995. The manufacturing process begins at one end of the yard, where In 1918, Leathem D. Smith formed the Leathem D. Smith Dock Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical images of thin steel plates lie in stacks. The plates, longer and wider than a city Company on Sturgeon Bay’s waterfront and made a fortune during shipyards, founders, workers, and boats under construction; bus, are welded and cut into panels. The panels, in turn, are twisted World War I building vessels for the Navy. Smith would later invent shipbuilding tools; boat parts, footage of shipyards and shaped into the skeleton of the ship. the self-unloading vessel and container shipping, both innovations that revolutionized the global shipping industry. Smith’s company The Art & Science of Shipbuilding: Early boat building relied on The first few stages of construction focus on building out the structure became the Christy Corporation after he drowned in a yachting simple designs and the work of woodwrights, carpenters, and of the vessel in pieces. The panels are created and shaped into so- accident on Green Bay in 1946. caulkers. First the longitudinal structure, or the keel, was formed called blocks—chunks of the ship’s body that can weigh many tons.

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The blocks are then blasted and painted before entering the final blueprints of ships, images of the interior of a barge, footage of boats • Articulated Tug Barges: The articulated tug barge unit, known stages of outfitting, where they are filled in with equipment, cables, under construction, quotes or video from shipbuilders as an ATB, is a cargo vessel integrated with a powerful tug at its and piping. Sometimes, the blocks are turned upside down because stern. There is a notch in the stern where the tug and the barge the work is easier to perform facing the ground. The pieces of the A Legacy of Innovation: Many innovations have been developed are linked together, creating a nimble and cost-efficient ship for ship are moved from one staging area to the next by giant cranes and built by Door County’s entrepreneurs and shipbuilders: transportation. Fincantieri Bay Shipbuilding builds these today. affixed to a network of rails or on wheels. The pieces are then • Sturgeon Bay Canal: The passage allows huge ships (1000+ gross assembled into bigger “grand blocks” and, ultimately, into the final tons) to travel to and from Sturgeon Bay, including those built • Double Hulls: The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandated double-hull completed ship. in Sturgeon Bay or coming here for repair. The canal has made construction for oil tankers operating in the United States. Bay Sturgeon Bay a center of maritime traffic and shipbuilding. Shipyard was uniquely equipped to produce massive tankers, and Just for Kids Thread: Children might explore the physics of boat they produced the first double-hull tanker for Mobil in 1999. building by testing the buoyancy of different materials. How do • Tunnel Scraper System: Invented in 1920 by Leathem D. Smith, boats that weigh many tons float? Alternatively, children might work this system made unloading large ships faster, easier, and cheaper. Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Images of innovations, with their parents operate “Big Blue” to assemble parts of a barge With the Tunnel Scraper System, doors in the ship’s hold opened illustration of the tunnel scraper system, footage of an articulate before getting their Maritime Pass stamped. so that bulk cargo could fall into tunnels below, where dragline tug barge scrapers would drag the cargo to a conveyor belt that carried it to The Launch: When construction is completed in dry docks, ships Interactive: A large-scale model of a barge could create multiple the dock. interactive experiences for visitors. Visitors might need to use a are transferred to water. This process marks a considerable feat of crane to assemble parts of the barge, or they might be able to view • Standardized Shipping Containers: Invented by Leathem D. Smith, engineering and craftsmanship and also imposes stresses on the different parts of the barge via a sliding monitor. standardized shipping containers revolutionized the global vessel unmet by normal operation. The launching is not a simple shipping industry. transfer, but rather a public spectacle and a ceremony with roots Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Boat parts, illustrations of that date back thousands of years. the boat building process, images of boats under construction,

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A boat’s christening and launching is a festive occasion. Usually, a Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical to contemporary The Avenger Class: This is not a single vessel, but a series of 14 mine sponsor christens the boat with water, wine, or champagne as the images or footage of christening ceremonies and launches, quotes countermeasures (MCM) ships designed and built by Peterson boat is named. Historically, sponsors were most often women. Their from shipbuilders on launching day Builders from 1987-1994. Peterson Builders used new construction responsibilities also include maintaining contact with the ship during techniques on the MCM, which cut the hull weight in half while its journey and homecoming celebrations. Door’s Celebrity Ships: Sturgeon Bay’s shipyards have built and making it stronger. Because of the hull’s strength, the vessel could acquired ships that have gained international acclaim: be longer than the 136-foot World War II YMS wooden-hulled The naming of boats is one of tradition, folklore, and petitioning minesweeper. The Avenger Class is the world’s largest minesweeper Tug John Purves: The tugboat Butterfield was constructed in good fortune. In ancient times, boats were named for gods and spanning 224 feet and weighing more than 1,000 tons. The first Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1919 and served the U.S. Army during World goddesses that would hopefully look after the ships and seamen vessel took two years to build and cost $99.7 million. to carry them home safely. As time passed, names also took on War II from 1942 to 1945 with the designation LT-145, supplying redeeming features or characteristics (Enterprise, Fortitude), honored garrisons in the Aleutian Islands. Capt. John Roen of Sturgeon Bay Mark W. Barker: In 2020, the lake freighter Mark W. Barker became places (St. Louis), revered classical characters (Siren, Argonaut), or purchased the tug in 1956 and renamed it John Purves in honor the first US-assembled freighter built on the Great Lakes in nearly 35 represented animals (the Hornet, the Marlin). of his good friend and the Roen Steamship Company’s longtime years. Nowhere in the United States are more goods transported by general manager. water than in the Great Lakes, and much of the fleet doing this work There are three major methods of ship launching: stern first, was built in the 1950s. The Mark W. Barker is a new generation of The Fortuna: In 1979, Palmer Johnson built this 30.5-meter yacht for sideways, and air bag. The sideways launch method is the most freighters built in Sturgeon Bay. common in Sturgeon Bay. It came into use in the 19th century King Juan Carlos of Spain. It set the record for the world’s largest for inland lakes, waterways, and channels that would not allow aluminum sailing yacht and reached 46 knots making it the fastest Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical to contemporary lengthwise launching. Sideways launches became widely adopted yacht in the world for over a decade. images or footage of these famous ships, models of these ships during World War II. The Turmoil: This explorer yacht built by Palmer Johnson in 1996 sailed around the globe three times. It was recognized as the first Expedition Super Yacht.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.52 FLOOR 4: RECREATIONAL BOATING Subtheme: Since the 1920s, recreational boating has defined leisure and tourism on the Door Peninsula. POWER UP! STORYLINES WATER SAFETY Power Up! In Door County, life has long been lived on the company in his own name—Henry B. Burger Shipyard. Henry water. Whether you’re looking for a relaxing day of paddling Jr. recognized the advantages of the newly developed gasoline along the shoreline, the thrill of sailing Lake Michigan’s big engine and began installing engines produced by Kahlenberg water, or the excitement of trolling for fish, the water awaits. Brothers of Two Rivers, Wisconsin. Burger’s first 85-foot motor Recreational boating has a history influenced by this region: cruiser launched in 1901. Within ten years, the company was building 80- to 100-foot wooden cruisers. Today, the company 1900s to 1930s - In the early 1900s, the development of has a reputation for building the finest custom motor yachts in internal combustion engines for automobiles revolutionized the world. another industry too—boating. By 1910, outboard motors THE SCIENCE OF SAIL were being manufactured, making it possible for boaters to Established in 1918, Sturgeon Bay Boat Works started as a remove engines for service, transportation, or storage. This wooden-boat builder. In 1928, Palmer Johnson, the founder’s PADDLE AWAY new versatility made recreational boating more accessible and son, built the firm’s first wooden yacht. He would later pioneer economical. the field of aluminum yachts, building the some of the largest, fastest, and most luxurious yachts in the world. By 1911, American inventor John L. Hacker designed the Kitty Hawk, the first successful step hydroplane motor which 1940s to 1950s - During World War II, resources were limited, exceeded speeds of 50 mph becoming the fastest boat in the and the boating industry was focused on building boats for world at that time. the military. There was little time or money for recreational boating. However, developments in military boats introduced Burger Boat Company, founded in Manitowoc in 1863, began fiberglass to the market, which were affordable, durable, and by building 20- to 30-foot Mackinaw fishing boats for local low-maintenance. commercial fishermen. In 1892, Henry B. Burger Jr. formed a

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Like many other industries, the boating industry boomed after the In 1977, the world record for the fastest boat was set at 317.58 miles 2000s - In 2005, 12.94 million registered recreational boating vessels war. In 1950, “The Boating Industry” reported there were just under per hour. It has yet to be broken. were recorded—the highest in history. 450,000 registered motorboats in use. By 1959, the industry was selling that many boats in just one year. In the late 1970s, gasoline prices rose creating concerns about Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical images, AV, or energy efficiency. As a result, a new, smaller watercraft known objects that represent early to contemporary recreational boats and The 1950s also saw the rise of boat safety. The American Boat as the Kawasaki Jet Ski entered the market and became the first motors and Yacht Council formed with a mission “to develop and make commercially successful personal watercraft. available recommended practices and engineering standards for Water Safety: Door County is a beautiful place to enjoy from improving and promoting the design, construction, equipage, and 1980s to 1990s - Energy prices continued to rise in the early the water, but Lake Michigan can quickly change from calm to maintenance of small craft concerning their safety.” 1980s. Unemployment and inflation were also high, leading to a threatening. Here are some safety tips to keep in mind before you challenging economy for recreational boating. Chrysler sold its boat leave shore: 1960s to 1970s - The January 1960 issue of “The Boating Industry” manufacturing division, while Sea Ray and Bayliner merged with • Check the weather. It may look sunny and calm, but wind can cited boating as the nation’s top family sport. Brunswick, becoming the world’s largest boat and boat engine pick up and storms can roll in with little warning. manufacturer. Boat engines continued to improve. Shortly after Volvo’s introduction • Make a plan. Anytime you head out on the water, let someone of the first sterndrive engine, the “Aquamatic,” Mercury introduced Volvo created new products as well as an independent subsidiary— know where you are going and when you expect to be back. the MerCruiser engine. Modern versions of both of these engines are Volvo Penta. Yamaha became a player in the outboard market. • Go with someone. This isn’t always possible, but if you have the a part of many Formula Boats today. Production thrived, expanding Chris-Craft catamarans got back in the powerboat racing market— option, go with a friend. overseas. Honda built the first mass-produced four-stroke engine. eventually becoming a part of Outboard Motors Corporation. • Wear your safety vest. Over 75 percent of fatal boating accident Innovation continued as Ski Nautique introduced the boat-trailer Mercury introduced cutting-edge technology—electric fuel victims drown, and of those who drown, over 80 percent are not combo. injection. In the 1990s, the jet boat market began to surge. wearing a life jacket.

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• Pack your personal gear, such as your cell phone, in a waterproof For example, all boats, whether big or small, are required to have a variety of boating exercises in day or night scenarios, and a full bag and tie it to your boat so you don’t lose it if you capsize. night lights. A universal system of lighting was introduced in 1838 marina for practicing close quarters maneuvering and docking. • Bring a signaling device such as a whistle, flashlight, or cell phone. in the United States and adopted internationally in 1897. Red, green, and white lights are used to light vessels. The pattern for these Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Safety equipment, • Know your limits. Not all boats are meant for big water or bad lights is determined by the International Association of Lighthouse illustrations and images that depict boat safety weather, and not all people have navigation, paddling, or sailing Authorities (IALA) Buoyage Systems: skills. Don’t get in over your head. Just for Kids Thread: Kids might get “safety certified” in their Maritime • There is a light at the right-hand side of the boat (right side when • Stay near shore. Lake Michigan is BIG water. Keep the shore in Pass by using the interactive and finding the answers to some key facing the bow of the vessel known as the starboard side) which sight at all times. Even a little wind can create wave action that questions on this floor about boating safety. is green in color. makes it difficult to get back to shore, and bad weather can Paddle Away: Propelled with paddles, sleek, long, narrow, and quickly make it difficult to navigate and find your bearings on the • There is a light at the left-hand side of the boat (left side when fast, canoes have been plying the waters of the Door Peninsula for water. facing the bow of the vessel is known as the port side) which is red in color. thousands of years. Native Americans built birch-bark canoes right- • Float in case of emergency. If you can’t get to shore or back in your side up—a wooden skeleton surrounded by bark, lashed together • A white light is at the back of the boat (known as the stern side). boat, do not swim because you will lose body heat faster. If you with roots, planked, ribbed, and sealed with pitch. are floating in your safety vest to conserve energy and heat, you • One or two white lights are also required for the mast. can survive 18 hours in 70-degree water, three and a half hours in Prior to European settlement, the basic canoe shape was so 55-degree water, and less then two hours in 35-degree water. Interactive: An interactive simulates on-the-water training in a series successful and well-­engineered that the French and English of life-like virtual boat handling lessons incorporating the real physics explorers who arrived on these shores could not improve upon it; Boat safety goes beyond personal safety to include many areas of of boating on the water. It is modeled based on a 21-foot open the most successful of them, the fur-trading voyageurs, co-opted the knowledge including boating equipment and maintenance, trip motorboat operating on an interactive lake that takes into account vehicle as their own freight hauler. planning and emergency preparation, marine laws and invasive human and environmental factors such as operating speed and species, and navigation and maneuvering. weather conditions. The program features include navigation aids,

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Shortly after the Civil War, the canoe was re-purposed not as a In 1970s, kayaks gained popularity in the United States as an The science of sailing starts with the rounded, triangular shape of work boat, but as a way to escape from work. Increased leisure time alternative to canoes. Fiberglass “rigid” kayaks were the standard at the sail. The sail’s front-most edge connects with the mast and its and recreational hunting and fishing gave the canoe new duties. this time until polyethylene plastic took over in the 1980s. bottom edge runs horizontally along the boom. The sail itself is cut Manufacturing advances and a scarcity of birch trees led to the with some roundness, which lets the sail billow slightly. The resulting development of new canoes built upside-down from strips of wood By the early 2000s, about 90,000 to 110,000 canoes were sold curvature allows for two types of power — push from the wind over molds, rather than right-side-up from bark. annually. During this period, inexpensive plastic kayaks surged in hitting the windward side of the sail and lift from the wind rushing popularity, based on lower prices and ease of use. Today you can along the leeward side. The canoe’s construction mirrored developments in American see many canoes, kayaks, and paddleboards in the waters around manufacturing. In the early 1900s, a cheaper building technique— the Door Peninsula. Though paddleboards emerged in 1960s surf Push from windward is intuitive. The wind hits the sail and pushes it wood overlaid with canvas and coated with a special waterproofing culture, it has recently gained in popularity. Now, over 20 million in the same direction. Lift is a little trickier to understand. Similar to mixture—gained popularity. The graceful forms of the wood-and- Americans enjoyed paddleboarding each year. airplane wings, sails create pressure differences in the air that pull the canvas canoes began to fade after World War II. Aluminum boats, boat forward. Lift can’t happen without this curved sail shape, so a stamped out and riveted or welded, flooded the post-war market Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical images and AV of bit of wind should always be hitting the windward side of the sail to replacing the expensive and heavy wood-and-canvas boats. canoes through time particularly in Door County; canoe, kayak, and/ keep it full and round. If there’s not enough wind to fill the sail from or paddleboard cutaway; paddles; learning to paddle AV the windward side, the sails won’t work. They’ll flap in the breeze like By the mid-1970s, fiberglass, various laminated plastics, and Kevlar a flag. did to aluminum boats what aluminum had done to wood and The Science of Sail: In addition to the recreational pleasure sailing canvas—proved cheaper and more practical. Newer space-age affords, it involves some interesting physics. Sailing starts with the The combined power of push from windward and lift from leeward material such as carbon fiber or coated nylon, while not cheaper, force of the wind on the sails. The wind nearly always blows across is not always directed straight ahead, but at an angle. The keel, have now created canoes that weigh less than a roller suitcase. a sailboat, rather than from directly ahead or behind. The term or vertical fin on the underside of the boat, resists the resulting windward simply means “towards the wind” and leeward means sideways motion and guides the boat in a straight line. In short, the “away from the wind.” Thus, the windward side of a boat is the side power from the sails plus the lateral resistance of the keel equals the wind hits first. The opposite side is “to leeward.” forward motion.

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Usually, sailors want to be pushed by the wind. This is called downwind sailing. But what if you want to travel in the same direction that the wind is coming from? Unfortunately, a boat can’t sail directly into the wind, but it can sail in any direction that is greater than 45 degrees to the wind. This can be accomplish by tacking. Tacking is a sailing maneuver that allows a boat to sail its bow towards the wind. This makes the wind blow on the other side of the sail so that the boat can turn and continue sailing upwind. By continuously tacking to either side of where the wind is blowing, it is possible to sail against the wind.

Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Diagram that shows the parts of a sailboat, AV that explains the science and physics that make a sail boat sail, sailboat models

As an example (but would need to be much shorter): https://gpb. pbslearningmedia.org/resource/kqed09.sci.phys.maf.kqedsailing/the- physics-of-sailing/#.X8q3yi2cZBw

Source: Chicago Magazine

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.57 FLOOR 3: LIFE UNDERWATER Subtheme: We are all part of a complex, diverse web of life. What affects one, affects all. LAKE MICHIGAN’S STORYLINES WEB OF LIFE Lake Michigan’s Web of Life: Lake Michigan’s aquatic food smaller, plant-eating animals (primary consumers). Examples of chain is like an intricate spider web. Changes in one part secondary consumers include small fish and frogs. LIFE of the web frequently affect other parts. When something UNDERWATER like pollution or an invasive species disrupts one part of the Top Predators: Top predators are at the top of the food chain. food web, it frequently affects other parts. The parts of Lake Top predators eat plants, primary consumers, and/or secondary Michigan’s food chain include: consumers. They can be carnivores or omnivores. Top predators typically sit atop the food chain without predators Producers: Plants form the base of Lake Michigan’s food chain. of their own. Examples include fish such as lake trout, walleye, INVASIVE They’re called producers, because they make their own food salmon, and bass; birds such as herons, gulls, and red tailed MUSSELS by converting sunlight through photosynthesis. They also act hawks; bears—and humans. as food, providing energy for other organisms. In the Great Lakes, most producers are phytoplankton, or microscopic Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Illustration/ diagram of SALMON Lake Michigan’s food web with images of different dominant floating plants. An example of phytoplankton is green algae. FEVER! Large rooted plants, another type of producer, provide food species and shelter for different organisms, fish, and wildlife. Life Underwater: An interactive wall of fish gives visitors the Primary Consumers: The next level in the food chain is made feeling of being in an underwater aquarium. By touching the up of primary consumers, or organisms that eat the producers. wall, visitors can get more information about various Lake Examples of primary consumers include zooplankton, ducks, Michigan species: mussels, and tadpoles. • Trout: Lake Trout, Brown Trout, and Rainbow Trout • Salmon: Chinook and Coho Secondary Consumers: Secondary consumers make up the • Walleye third level of the food chain. Secondary consumers feed on • Lake Sturgeon

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• Smallmouth Bass Just for Kids Thread: A scavenger hunt in the Maritime Pass might ask Salmon Fever! In the early 1900s, Lake Michigan’s native lake trout • Lake Whitefish children to explore different Lake Michigan fish on this floor before population was nearly extinct and whitefish were in deep decline. • Muskellunge getting their stamp. Years of overfishing and the invasion by the parasitic sea lamprey • Northern Pike had nearly killed off both species. • Yellow Perch Invasive Mussels: Lake Michigan has undergone many changes • Lake Herring through the generations. Its current conditions are heavily influenced To revive the region’s waning fishing industry, coho salmon • Bluegill by the arrival of nonnative Dreissenid mussels known as zebra and were introduced into Lake Michigan in 1966. Introducing a non- • Round Goby quagga mussels. These mussels are “filter feeders.” An individual native, saltwater species was a daring experiment, but in 1967, the • Sea Lamprey mussel draws a quart of water through its body every day. With salmon population erupted drawing national attention. Anglers • Alewife billions of them inhabiting Lake Michigan, it doesn’t take long to flocked to the area, giving new life to sport fishing on the big lake. • Deepwater Sculpin and Slimy Sculpin filter a large body of water. They have already caused rapid change, Salmon succeeded in not only reviving the fishing industry, but • Rainbow Smelt including transforming once murky waters to crystal-clear waters. also in controlling alewives, an invasive fish whose population had • Mudpuppies (salamander) These filter feeders are also altering the amount of phosphorus exploded in the absence of top predators. • Plants (TBD) available for phytoplankton throughout the lake, which has an effect Since the early 1900s, hatcheries have been the main technique used • Insects (TBD) all the way up the food chain. If there are no phytoplankton at the by biologists to reinvigorate disappearing Great Lakes and inland • Frogs: Wood Frog and Northern Spring Peeper bottom of the food chain, food shortages impact the whole chain fish populations. Today, fisheries managers use many tools to rebuild • Turtles: Blanding’s Turtle, Common Musk Turtle, Wood Turtle, and meaning smaller to larger fish do not have enough food to survive. fish populations. Restoring habitats, controlling exotic species, and Snapping Turtle Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Before and after photographs supplementing wild fish with hatchery fish are all important in this • Birds: Great Blue Heron, White Pelican, and Scoter of Lake Michigan’s waters, underwater images of mussels effort. Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Images of species at different life stages

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Fish spawning (egg-taking) plays a vital role in maintaining Lake Michigan’s sport fishery for coho and chinook salmon, steelhead, and some brown trout. In early spring, for example, the Department of Natural Resources stocks salmon into tributaries of Lake Michigan where they imprint on the scent of the water before moving into the lakes. When the salmon are adults, they return to those familiar streams to spawn. The Strawberry Creek Chinook Salmon Facility near Sturgeon Bay is one place this happens. Every October mature chinook salmon swim up Strawberry Creek to spawn. Their eggs are collected and fertilized, then transferred to fish hatcheries to grow. Each spring over 120,000 salmon fingerlings are stocked in a pond on Strawberry Creek where they imprint on the creek, ensuring they will return here to spawn once mature.

Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical images of “salmon fever” on Lake Michigan in 1967, images and/or AV of fisheries, images of salmon and different phases of life

Source: University of Wisconsin Archive

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.60 FLOOR 2: SHIPWRECKS Subtheme: Shipwrecks are wood and steel chronicles that reveal clues about the Door Peninsula’s THE GREAT history, maritime engineering and commerce, and the triumphs and tragedies of life on the water. GRAVEYARD OF SHIPS STORYLINES The Great Graveyard of Ships: More than a century ago, the • Le Griffon was built by the French explorer Robert La Salle Great Lakes served as the nation’s freeway system, teeming and was the first documented European shipwreck in the with ships carrying people and goods throughout the region. In 1679, Le Griffon left Washington Island or Rock Midwest, but not every ship reached its destination. Most of Island (the historical record is unclear) for the Niagara River. FAMOUS the estimated 6,000 to 10,000 shipwrecks in the Great Lakes are Though he built the boat, La Salle stayed behind to explore SHIPWRECKS 19th- and early 20th-century commercial ships. Weather, fire, the Door Peninsula, which was fortuitous as Le Griffon was and human error caused most wrecks, but sometimes captains never heard from again and remains one of the Great Lakes’ intentionally sunk aging ships to collect insurance money. most famous shipwreck mysteries.

The Door Peninsula offered particular challenges to captains • Built in 1927, the SS Carl D. Bradley was one of the longest UNDERWATER DISCOVERY including many miles of curving and indented rocky shorelines, and largest freighter on the Great Lakes. She sank southwest dozens of islands and shoals, strong currents, unpredictable of Gull Island on November 18, 1958 in a lethal storm. Of the winds, and rapidly changing weather. Over 275 shipwrecks lie 35 crew members, 33 died in the sinking, which was likely in the waters off the Door Peninsula, and over 750 shipwrecks caused by structural failure from the brittle steel used in are cataloged in Wisconsin’s waters, but there are many more her construction. The SS Carl D. Bradley is one of the most to be discovered. About 10 new ships are discovered annually recent shipwrecks in Lake Michigan, which has seldom in the Great Lakes. seen shipwrecks in the last 50 years due to advances in navigation, weather forecasting, and ship design. Featured Shipwrecks: Within this storyline, we might feature one of the oldest and one of the newest shipwrecks in the Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Adapted version of Great Lakes to illustrate why so many ships sank historically, but existing “Shipwrecks of Door County” interactive, historical fewer sink today. images and collections from featured ships, adapted version

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.61 FLOOR 2: SHIPWRECKS

of existing “Great Lakes Ship Design” panel with a stronger focus on Range Lights, which might have been visible the day the Christina recreated artifacts that help to tell the story: the timeline of shipwrecks, adapted version from the existing “The Nilsson sank depending on weather conditions. • The Erie L. Hackley was built in 1882 as a steam yacht. In 1899, it Holy Grail of the Great Lakes” was converted to a small packet steamer. The ship was purchased The visitor could be given options to make decisions that result in May 1903 by the newly formed Fish Creek Transportation Interactive: To illustrate the challenges of sailing in the region in either sinking (about 90% of the time) or successfully reaching Company to run up the west coast of the peninsula providing (difficult weather, underwater reefs, and rocky shores), the shipwreck Baileys Harbor. These could include choosing the distance from passengers and cargo service on a route from Sturgeon Bay interactive could be themed to feature the story of the Christina shore, lining up the range lights to avoid the reef, and choosing to to Marinette and Menominee, then back across Green Bay to Nilsson, which sank in Baileys Harbor on October 24, 1884. Gale drop the anchor after striking the reef the first time. In other words, Egg Harbor, Fish Creek, and Washington Island, with stops at force winds and a blinding blizzard caused the Christina Nilsson to while the fate of the Christina Nilsson was sealed, the visitor might Ephraim, Sister Bay, and Ellison Bay. On October 3, 1903, the ship get dangerously close to the east shore of Baileys Harbor. The ship’s be able to successfully bring her to shore, move her off the reef after left Menominee for Egg Harbor and was hit by a fierce storm. captain attempted to sail eastward to gain adequate “sea room” to the first strike, or sink her as the captain did. The boat sank with 19 passengers and crew aboard—only eight maneuver. His effort failed, however, and at 8:30 a.m. theChristina survived. Nilsson struck hard on the outer reef and began to founder. The Alternatively, the interactive might not need to feature a historical story but could randomly select different weather conditions, anchor was quickly dropped, causing the vessel’s stern to swing As important artifacts are identified, one or two additional locations, and ship types (i.e., schooner, steamer) to create multiple around and strike hard on the reef a second time. The Nilsson sank shipwrecks might be featured alongside the Erie L. Hackley, though sinking scenarios visitors could experience without the option to immediately in 15 feet of water. Due to the relatively shallow depth, it might be as impactful to tell this one story really well (featuring the successfully reach shore. the vessel was literally pounded to pieces. Without any possessions stories of the passengers) even if it means recreating artifacts. and with no assistance from shore (the Baileys Harbor life-saving Famous Shipwrecks: In addition to the detailed information on station would not be built for another 13 years), all eight crew Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Historical images and several shipwrecks in the existing interactive, one key shipwreck abandoned the vessel and made their way to shore in a lifeboat. No collections from the Erie L. Hackley, existing shipwrecks interactive might be featured in the exhibit with historical images and real or lives were lost. The interactive might also feature the Baileys Harbor

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.62 FLOOR 2: SHIPWRECKS

Underwater Discovery: Shipwrecks are like time capsules of a Historical Society. In 2015, the shipwreck was added to the crime scene. If you know how to read the clues, you have a drama National Register of Historic Places. right in front of you. Preserved in the cold water of the Great Lakes, their haunting remains tell us about specific moments in Possible Visual Resources & Collections: Adapted version of existing history. Underwater archaeologists are the sleuths that make these exhibits “The Frigid Deep,” “Sediment,” and “Invasive Mussels”; discoveries by using advanced technology to search for, document, adapted version of existing exhibits “How You Can Help” and “Don’t conserve, and learn from shipwrecks. Though the cold fresh water of Touch”; adapted version of the existing exhibit “Underwater Drones”; the Great Lakes keeps wrecks exceptionally preserved for decades pre-existing video clips through PBS or the University of Wisconsin’s underwater, special care must still be taken to ensure that these Sea Grant that tell the story of underwater archaeology: resources remain for generations to come. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TGxg0Wkf1U Featured Shipwrecks: Two shipwrecks might be used to illustrate the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-sUXq-6LYo&list=PL5E95DB need for preservation: 99F7B96FB9&index=1 • The Alvin Clark was built in 1846 or 47 and served as a lumber Source: University of Wisconsin Archive schooner for two decades before sinking in 1864. The ship was https://pbswisconsin.org/watch/wisconsin-life/will-vpnlpb/ raised in 1969 and remains a cautionary tale of preservation gone wrong. https://pbswisconsin.org/watch/wisconsin-life/history-diver- okooxe/ • The Lakeland, originally named the Cambria, was built in 1887 and sank in 1924 with a cargo of 22 Nash and Kissel cars and one Just for Kids Thread: An exhibit for children could encourage kids Rollin. The ship was rediscovered in 1960 and has been more to measure or draw a shipwreck as an archaeologist would while recently studied by maritime archaeologists at the Wisconsin getting their Maritime Pass stamped.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.63 FLOOR 1: STEWARDS OF THE DOOR PENINSULA SUBTHEME: We hope you’re inspired to learn more, explore further, and help us preserve the rich maritime history and beauty of the Door Peninsula for generations to come.

STORYLINES STEWARDS OF THE DOOR Stewards of the Door Peninsula: In addition to providing PENINSULA a space to recognize current donors, this area might invite visitors to contribute to the preservation effort. A digital donor wall could allow visitors to immediately contribute and see their name.

MARITIME THEATER

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.64 DEFINING DESIGN PRINCIPLES WHAT PRINCIPLES SHOULD GUIDE THE DESIGN PROCESS?

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.65 DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Create “Wow” Experiences: Each floor should provide a “wow” Design Individual Experiences with Opportunities for Group Follow the “Less is More” Principle: Don’t try to do too much—one experience, which might take shape as impactful design, beautiful Interaction: While the museum needs to accommodate groups, well-told story is often more effective than overwhelming visitors visuals, authentic stories, innovative interactives, or an “ah ha” exhibit design in the Maritime Lighthouse Tower is likely to focus with all the stories. In addition, it is likely visitors will take about 10-15 moment of learning. on individual experiences, largely due to space constraints on minutes on each floor of the Maritime Lighthouse Tower. Consider each floor. There may be opportunities for some pair and small carefully what is possible in that amount of time. Build in Moments to Pause: While each floor is relatively small group experiences via interactives, but group interactions and in terms of square footage, it is important to consider the whole programming should be more broadly considered in the main Design Accessible Exhibits: All exhibits should be physically Maritime Lighthouse Tower experience, which could take visitors museum building where more space is available. accessible and communicate to the broadest range of visitors, 1.5 to 2 hours or more to complete. Thus, it is important to build in including those with disabilities. Exhibits should address multiple opportunities to pause along the way. Communicate Visually: As much as possible, key messages need learning styles. Text should be written to score no higher than 8-10 to be communicated visually as the majority of people (about 65 on the Flesch-Kincaid readability scale. Closed captioning should be Blend Think, Feel, and Do Experiences: Visitors learn in different percent of us) process information based on what we see. provided. Interactives should be intuitive to operate. ways, so it is important to blend in different approaches to exhibit content and design. This includes presenting historical facts and Create Layers of Content & Concise Exhibit Text: Museum research Reach Diverse Audiences: While the majority of residents of figures, telling poignant stories, using symbolic visuals, and creating indicates that most visitors will spend less than 30 seconds reading and visitors to Door County are fairly homogeneous, there are opportunities to engage through interactives. an exhibit panel—many will only glance at it. When using text, short opportunities to expand the museum’s offerings to children, families, and concise is important. Make sure visitors can grasp the big ideas and school groups. This may provide opportunities for the museum Create a Cohesive Look and Feel: The museum currently has a even if they only read headings, which should be compelling and to reach a local, more diverse audience, particularly in terms of socio- diverse approach to exhibit graphics. The Maritime Lighthouse Tower convey meaning rather than simply topics. economic status. In addition, incorporating content and designs that should use a standard sign family (see next page) and create a visual reach those with different learning styles, appeal to diverse ages, and standard that can be used in other parts of the museum over time. offer diverse perspectives is important.

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.66 CONTENT LAYERS & WORD COUNTS

While designers have some flexibility, common elements should be MAIN EXHIBIT PANEL: Conveys the main idea for each section of ARTIFACT LABEL: Identifies and interprets individual objects used across all floors including a standard sign family. Additionally, an exhibit (likely upright large-format graphics) • Heading: No more than 5 words content should adhere to the following word counts. • Heading: No more than 5 words • Body Copy: No more than 100 words • Subheading: No more than 10 words TOWER STAIRWELL: Provides view-at-a-glance information • Body Copy: No more than 250 words TOUCH-SCREEN INTERACTIVES will vary depending on their • Wayfinding: No more than 5 words (e.g., 10th Floor: Observation purpose, but in general, each screen should adhere to the secondary • Captions: No more than 25 words Deck, inclusive of icons) exhibit panel criteria for word counts. • Quote: No more than 25 words • Pull-out Text: No more than 20 words (e.g., quotes, sidebars) • Caption: No more than 10 words (e.g., the name and affiliation of SECONDARY EXHIBIT PANEL: Conveys individual storylines (likely the person quoted) smaller panels and reader rails)

GALLERY/ FLOOR TITLE: Attracts attention, conveys the main • Heading: No more than 5 words theme, and expresses the look and feel of the gallery/ floor • Body Copy: No more than 150 words • Title: No more than 7 words • Captions: No more than 15 words

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 2.67 Source: University of Wisconsin Archive

PART 3 ART DIRECTION

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM DESIGN STUDY 1

A C H

B

D F G

E I

DESIGN STUDY 1

The first task in design is creating a look and feel that represents the character of A INTRODUCTION PANEL. FLOOR TO CEILING. F ARTIFACT PANEL

the content being displayed. This is a starting point—the beginning of a design B FLOOR ICON G AUTHENTIC VOICES PANEL conversation. By no means does the study represent the structure of the exhibit. Above C GRAPHIC HEADER POSSIBLY BACK LIT H BACKGROUND GRAPHIC (SUPPORTS THEME/CONTENT) you will find large floor-to-ceiling graphics, reader rail design, touchscreen design, as well as the beginning of an icon solution. D BACKGROUND/SUPPORTING WALL GRAPHIC I LARGE TOUCHSCREEN DESIGN STUDY E READER RAIL

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.1 DESIGN STUDY 1

FLOOR 9 FOSSILS

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fig. 1 lorem ipsum fig. 2 lorem ipsum

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A D

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.2 DESIGN STUDY 1

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F G

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.3 DESIGN STUDY 1

I INTERACTIVE INTRO SCREEN INTERACTIVE SECONDARY SCREEN

f o s s i l FINDER Touch Screen To Begin lorem ipsum

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H

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.4 DESIGN STUDY 1

E READER RAIL DESIGN WITH TOUCHSCREEN

READER RAIL DESIGN

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.5 DESIGN STUDY 1

TIMELINE DESIGN STUDY POSSIBLY USED WITHIN INTERACTIVE OR AS A PANEL

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.6 DESIGN STUDY 2

DIMENSIONAL GRAPHIC OR FAUX LIMESTONE FORMATION

PROJECTION SCREEN

A B C D

DESIGN STUDY 2

Design Study 2 takes a more saturated illustrative approach using stark clean panels for A INTRODUCTION PANEL. FLOOR TO CEILING.

a visual break in content or to highlight important themes and/or artifacts. B ARTIFACT PANEL

C BACKGROUND GRAPHIC (SUPPORTS THEME/CONTENT)

D BACKGROUND GRAPHIC WITH PROJECTION SCREEN

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.7 DESIGN STUDY 2

A

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.8 DESIGN STUDY 2

B C

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.9 DESIGN STUDY 2

D

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 3.10 Source: University of Wisconsin Archive

PART 4 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 1

DOOR COUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM Proposed Lobby Elements

F

A - Kinetic projection on floor (water)

B - Main wall with projection mapping (waterfall)

C - Map E

D - Other Museum sites D E - Mariner’s Trail station BC F - Admission Counter

A

Enter

Lobby plan

DOORDOOR CCOUNTYOUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 4.1 DOORDOOR COUNTYCOUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 4.2 Museum Store Plan

Built-in cabinets Built-in cabinets

C E G

F A Built-in cabinets Built-in

B

Enter E

C D Mural this wall A

A - Apparel rack (2) - 33.25” diameter B - Glass shelving unit (1) - 33.25” W x 40.5” L x 50” T G C - Floor Gondolas (2) - 31” x 71 .5” x 63” T D - Freestand shelving (4) - 22”x22” x 48”T Check out E - Nesting Tables - (2) 60”x36”x30” T + (2) 48” x 24” x 21” T Exit / Enter F - Boat+Pier Merchandising area (1) G - Slatwall

DOORDOOR COUNTYCOUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 4.3 Merchandise

Simulated pier

Wood boat (existing)

DOORDOOR COUNTYCOUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 4.4 DOORDOOR COUNTYCOUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 4.5 Museum Store - Front elevation cabinets

Light Attic

Driftwood sign

Merchandise Merchandise Merchandise Merchandise

Slatwall

Window Window Window Rope wrap on columns

Built-in Built-in shelves shelves

DOODOORR CCOUNTYOUNTY MARITIME MUSEUM PAGE 4.6