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ISBN-0-898535-9 PUB DATE Feb 80 NOTE 30715.; Fbr the -Other Volumes o DOCUMENT RESUME 1.40-ATc ED 260 001 SO 016 72 0 AUTHOR Mart.in, .Andre, Comp. TITLE I A Franco-American Overview. Volume 2.. Midwest and West. INSTITUTION National Assessment and Dissemination Centee for Bilingual EducStioW, Cambridge, Mass.; National Materiali Development ,Center for)rrench and Portuguese, Bedford, . r SPONS. AGENCY Department ofaEducat:Ion, Washington; DC. REPORT NO ISBN-0-898535-9 PUB DATE Feb 80 NOTE 30715.; Fbr the -other volumes. in this series, see SO. 0i6 725-730. Three chapters are presented in French. PUB TYPE .Historical Materials ow .-- - ,'Viewpoints (420) Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE 'MF01/PCI3 Plus Postage.' DESCRIPTORS *Acculturation. Biculturalismi.Colonial History (UnitedStatemir;*Cross Cultural Studies; *Cultural Education; *Cultural'Influences; Cultural Pluralism; Culture; Ethnic Groups; Land Settlement; MigrAtion; Social History; Social Studies; Subcultures; United States History IDENTIFIERS A California; *Franco Americansi.,French (Canadian); French Culture; Fur Trade; Huguenots; Louisiana; Michigan (Detroit); Minnesota;. South Carolina; United States (Midwest; *United States (West); Wisconsin ABSTRACT Intended to help readers develop an.appfeciatidn of the contributions of Franco-Americans to the culturalheritagk,pf the United States, this book( the second of six volumes, presents 15. readings representing many perspectives--from the historical to the b. sociologiCal--illustrating'the thinking and feelings of those in the forefront of Franco-American studies) .ThisivOlume focuses on Franco-Americans in western and midweqtern United States. The following 'articles are presented: "French Explorers and Settlers in Northern California, 1769-1870" (William George Reese); "TheChurch in Colonial America 1492-1790" (John Tracy Ellis) ;"The Huguenots of Colonial South Carolina" (Arthur Henry Hirsch); "Le Canadien-Francais et L'Amerindien" ("The French-Canadianeand theAmerican Indian," Charles Noyes); liBelle-Riviere, Griffon et Creve-Coeur: La Tenace -Poursuite d'un Reve Imperial" ("Beautiful River, Griffin and Heartb4dek:' The Tenacious Pursuitof an Imperial Dream," M. Helene Pauly;N"De Normandie en Mongolie? Nicolet chez les Etranges Winebagos" ("From Normandy t9 Mongelia? Nicolet in the Land of the Strange Winebagos.," M. Helene Pauly); "The Fur Trade inWisconsin (Larry- GAra); "The Fredch Residents of. Wisconsin" (Louise 'Phelps. Kellogg); "Wnnesota--kHistory of the State", (Theodore C.Blegdh); "The Historical Geography of Detroit" (Almon ErnestParkins); "The Story of Detreit" (George B. Catlin); "Annals. of St.Louis in its Early:Days under the French and'Spanish Dominations" (Frederic L. Billon); "Gulf Coast Country" (Nodding Carter andAnthony Ragusin); "Sketches of Eatly Texas and Louisiane (FredericGa4llardet); and . "Four Cents an Acre" (Georges Oudacd). (LH)' k L )) t * ;: c ' . r ': . ?. " ; ' i, . NAJJONAL ' ri; . 13 ff ?1 S1ITIJ1f Or'IOATSQN .1 ' '' ii J.,",}.' i! c1It:h, i1 W-2' ¶D4ATlOJt (SOUACSNFORMATIC op ,'. j j1Jti.& ,. tf CENI[R(HICI. '<" i F .b e ) I !T..1I9dot in iii bounep oduc.4 t 0. .ftOi,Ud ffOfl tim d)tl 01 , L ()Iq*flIZItk ' ¼uJ ,-' ' , .? r & oritjn ', sr , iI.4 I .c IJ M,ncn N PT ' r I1.;t t,tn made to $npio - . c ,, .) 't3Lifir rOroduCtuofl <1U&tty 1Lt i: '. 4l' jP : fr<' Ji r I c;D , "'UU M - - "tb ;rv;t11c ',-. 't \ 1: cD 1 j .tl 'c L'" ' do IoI,rocoserIy r.sutocIaIN - c ' " t. ., h ' -, i. i . thit. floItn 0, pOhLy l N. .. ' t \ I '...o A : £ 9 !uiu. )( a: & c : I'-z: Li) ' 4 .ij : ir *L : : :1 ?j , 11!Q: Mhk% I ; t : - C \ , .1 e, 4 .' 1 L ' . 1 P 4 : ; - . N i ' . 1 1 ; " '1 : 1 .: - 1 , ')- % ___'\ (Th t: -' s r * l: _U I t t ': K 4 C i ; ) 1 1 \ : ; : ;;: :: :: - ' ' ' - -: ; - ,, - . _; r- I _,4 : .- \ r r ;t } \ (J 'r F- .' - \ ( ) 0 1 1s p i 1 . ..: L .r. 1 It I it , '4 c 1 3' ? 't . ) Y , r AFRAICIa0AWRICAN OVERVIIW ti Volume 2 MIDWESTAND WEST -4; Compiled by: Andre Martin Staff Consultant: Renaud S. Albert 0 1 4:1101x ASScs,,;ri x?.r )tixx-_111 .)1,c,!-iyr1 Lk icy C.0 1k11k x 1.1w K 11/8X JR711LcitK-(111(11 11 7 It It:s Ni',hI it1S1:417, 024 1/4) 4 0 ti 4 * Published by National Assessment andDissemination Center, ESEA Title VII Lesley College, 49 02140. Washington Avenue, Cambridge, MaTchusetts *It New Developed by National Materials Developmerfnenterfor French 168 South River Road, Bedford, Hampshire 03102 Internatio(ial Standard Book Number 0-89857-135-9 Publishpd February 1980 Printed in the United States ofAmerica Department of The activity which is the subject of this publication wassupported in whole or part by the Office of Education, U.S. policy of the Office Health, Education and Welfare. However, the opinionsexpressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or of Education, and no official endorsement by theOffice of Education should be inferred. Disseminatioi Center for Bilingual Education is a special ESEA, Title VII project funded by the U.S. The National Assessment and Cambridge, Mass., and the Fall River Public School System. Office of Education through,Lesley College, Secondary EduCation Act of 1965; This publication was developed and printedwith funds provided by Title VII of the Elementary and al amended. BESTCOPY / TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Introduction "i f r French Explorers and Settlers in. Northern California, 1769-1870 William George Reese 1' - II Thee Church inColonial America 1402-1790 John Tfacy 63 III The Huguenots of Colonial South Carolina . ,Arthur Henry Hirsch .69 (V Le Canadien-Francais et L'Atnerindien Charles Noyes 111 V Belle:Riviere, Griffonet Creve-Cceur:. La Tenace Poursuite d'un Reve Imperial M. Helene Pauly (125 VI De Norniandie en Mongolic? - Nicolet chez les Etranges Winebagos M. Helene Pauly 141 VII The Fur Trade in Wisconsin Larry Gara 155 c VIIIThe French Residents of Wisconsin Louise Phelps Kellogg 167 IX Minnesota A History of the State Theodore C. Blegen . 179 ) - X The Historical Geography of Detroit Almon Ernest Parkins , /1 211 . -ht dory of Detroit . George B-, Catlin k 727 XII Annals of St. Louis in its Early Days Under the French and Spanish Dominations F;ederic L. 243 XIIIGulf Coast Country Noddingarter and Anthony, Ragusin 263 XIVSketches of Early Texas and Louisiana Frederic Gaillardet translated by James L. Shepherd, III 281 XV-Four Cents an Acre Georg Oudard , translated by'Margery Bianco 289 -., 1. 1. N. I N 01)0 CT ION 1 y r r. throughout Europe - When asked by the National aterials was generally recognized Development Center'sDlector ormand during thisperidd. Dube. to collect materia, for, inclusionNti -a projectd second volume.ofFRANCO-AMER- France. effectivelycontrolled most of ," ICAN-OVERVIEW,I was hesitant as I have North America for approkimately 150 years (1608-1780). This. is readi(j, understandable -met few Franco-Americans on theWeseCtlast. f Even fewer spoke some form of,Frenchir whekone remembers that as early as 1504 had an inkling of the French heritage of the Bretons and Normands infdertookyea41y United States. Even the New England Fran- fishing expeditions to Vewfounilland,that as .A-o-American is an unknown Filmic group to a result ofVerrazzano's.explorafions along most Ametica ns. This is*: spite of the fact the, Atlantic Coast inW0s,France that ore .country's snap isamply sprinkled claimed 7trorth America, that a fe kyearsla- with French place names and references ter the French weM'.established on Manhat- from Eau Claire, Wiscon.lin. to Baton Rouge, tan Island and atAlbany to trade with the _Indians for their furs, -.and that withthe es- Louisiana, and -Frenchman' -Bay, Maine to , French Canip, 'California. Most Americans tablishmept of a colony at Quebecin 1608 think of the French in North Amerka as a the French ovntrollett the ,SaintLawrence 2,400 small enclave in. far-off Eastern Canada:or as 4River. This rivet' by itself penetrates the dentbee of a rather unseal group th5ing miles inland prior to arriving at theGreat in -or' near7%04, Orleans. (They 'may have Lakes. These -are linked to the Mississippi been my/tared to readEvangelineand even River through the Illinois River.From 'the realize that these groups are related.) Few Mississippi one can go the Miss'ouri into were aware that the easternCanadian enclave. Montana, up the Platte (Flat) River intoWy:---r- of 6,000,000 'people (28% of the Canadian oming, and up theArkansasc(Aux Arcs) to. population in 1974) and their millions of .Colorado.These river roads and their de-. cousins in the.remainder of Canada and in the anding' portages became 1;e11 known to the United States are the desetipdants of some Trench explorers, trappers; and adventurers .70,000 French-Cdnadians who lived inew -as they_ andtheirvarigitswIndian'allies sought France in 1760. New France, "at -thatihP, to enrich themselvesthrough trade. Control, included'most of North America from Hud- of these river routes was ofgre-dtimportance son Bay to the Gulf of Mexico,and from the to the penetration of the vastNorth Ameri- Appalachia:tsp.-the Rockies, except for Flor- can continent, andFrance controlled them ida and the small English colonies 'with their until the 1760's when, as a by-product of 1,610,000inhabitants.France'scolonial European strife-,they passed into English rights to, and control over, this vast territory and Spanish hands. fr1 6 We I 7 'These original Canadians were not the. sources: have left a permanent imprint on only French. cvlodists to leave their mark on the United States. The selections, with a few the United States. In :1620 French refugees exceptionA intentionally themselves to arrived onthe Mayflowerforexample; WA French inf enemy along (the Mississippi hi ham' and Priscilla Mullins ..( Moline )and the t's4ahit 'o the lhope that they will bring an added di- John .Alden(Jean Alton) withwas asked to he mensiontheFRANCO-AMEOCANOVER- the 'go- between ,when Miles. Standish ,Ifought VIEWseries and make the reader aware of Mullins' and ik. marriage.
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