G. Varner – PHYS476 tall andawidthwhich isamultipl promote theinterchangeabilityofinstrumentation established in1964forthenuclearand highener NIM isanacronymforNuclear Instrumentation Example: extendedpinset NIM Standard e of1.35inches(=“singlewidt (looking intobin) Bin connectorfront Methods. TheNIMstanda gy physicscommunities.Thegoalof NIM wasto modules. StandardNIM m Bin h”; “doublewidth”=2.7inches) rd (DOE/ER-0457) was odules are8.75inches Module G. Varner – PHYS476 CAMAC isstillaviable choice forinstrumentapplicationstoday. robust CAMAC moduleandenclosureconstructi (IEEE 583)wasestablishedin1975 an CAMAC isalsoanacronym:ComputerAutomated industrial applications.While othermodularinstru CAMAC Standard L =LAM (Look-At-Me) Q =zero suppress X =I’mresponding Z =initialize(reset) e.g. F=0(read) commanding: Simple FNAD Busses Separate 24-bitRead/Write D =data(either) A =cardchannel # N =1(crateslot) d hasbeenusedinvirtuallyev on andsimplehardwarelevelinterface means mentation standardshave Measurement andControl. The CAMAC standard ery physicslaboratoryandmany ery3377 500psmulti-hit TDC LeCroy been widelyadopted,the G. Varner – PHYS476 IEC-547, it is designedforVERYhighpowerop is IEC-547, it FASTBUS largelyexclusivetoHigh isastandard can beexcellent! However theperformance bed ofnailsin back. Mechanics are frightening: never needtoknowthis. and itislikelyyouwill Impossible todetailhere Hundreds ofpins, FASTBUS Standard Back edge Back rto mn Wprcae–fromtheageofECL) eration (manykWpercrate– Eeg hsc. DetailedinANSI/IEEE960and EnergyPhysics. 6canl backb 96-channels – 1877S500ps multi-hit TDC LeCroy one of BelleExp. G. Varner – PHYS476 Developed toallowhigh-densityCPU/Memory A computerstandard VME Standard Terminated transmission lines /IO/Data Acquisition (DAQ)onacommon bus. /IO/Data Acquisition G. Varner – PHYS476 6U Eurocardstandard.5rowconnectors Many extensions(toonumeroustolist) toallow hi VIPA (VME64)Standard J0 (power) added tohelpwithlackofpower. gher speed,moreusable areabeyond160mmdeep G. Varner – PHYS476 Packard InterfaceBus). 600kByte/s max. The IEEE-488standardgoesundera numberof Common interfacefor high-endinstruments GPIB/HPIB Convenient forslow acquistion/control. names (GeneralPurposeInterfaceBus/ Hewlett- chain andstack. chain Hermaphrodite connect ors easyto daisy- G. Varner – PHYS476 flexibility and open standard allowed thePC to bury theApple. (Industry StandardArchitecture)At 8MHz and8/16 Two popularcardconfigurations ISA Bus i aabs wastheoriginalPX-XT bus.This bit databus, G. Varner – PHYS476 Prpea opnnsItrae High-s (Peripheral ComponentsInterface) Reflective wavetransmission: max.7slots PCI Bus peed successor tothevenerableISA bus. PMC, PCMCIA variants G. Varner – PHYS476 ae nsm uoadmechanics asVME Based onsameEurocard Compact PCI(cPCI) HOT SWAP!! An extensionof PCI dedicatedtochassis operation: P1 only Over 500MBytes/s possible 33&66 MHz clockspeeds P1&P2 Example: extended pinset Æ Æ 64 bitbus 32 bitbus G. Varner – PHYS476 “User Cards” FINESSE Ethernet Interface Interface Ethernet Custom Systems:e.g.COPPER Needed as data rates increase: very powerful – common platform common powerfulNeeded asdatarates increase:very – Æ The COPPER System board” “crate ona CPU With on-board G. Varner – PHYS476 on designingtotheirownstandards. Someexamples: Because manygroupshave(or thinkthey standards: automotive and aircraftindustries, Spurred bythe demandforlow-cost,highre •VXI/PXI FUTUREBUS • •Rabbit•TKO •I andcompetitors CANbus • ARCnet • •JTAG 2 C Bizarre/Others hr r ubro eilinterface there areanumber ofserial have)uniqueenvironments,they insist liability flexible controlintheIC, G. Varner – PHYS476 A compact, easytoimplementstylehaskeptRS Standard Interface(I):Serial Ports Number start/stopbits,Parity Protocol: -232 arounddespiteits obvious short-comings. Not unique: G. Varner – PHYS476 The “PrinterPort”formanyageneration of Standard Interface(II):Parallel Port (looking intobin) Bin connectorfront PCs, this is also likelyinitsdyingdays PCs, thisisalso G. Varner – PHYS476 interface standardhavelargely The UniversalSerialBus(USB)is Standard Interface(III):USB done awaywithPS-2andserial currently takingovertheworld. interfacesforkeyboard/mouse. S2–480Mb/s USB2 – 12Mb/s USB1.1 – Chip-sets supportingthesimplest G. Varner – PHYS476 The needforhigh-speedinterconnection… • SONET (OC-48/192/768) SONET • HIPPI • FDDI • 10GbE • GbE (CAT-5,fiber) • 100bT • 10bT(coax,twisted-pair) • Networking Ethernet Packet SONET Structure STM Structure G. Varner – PHYS476 Bus Comparison(links) G. Varner – PHYS476 Bus Comparison(2) G. Varner – PHYS476 • • • Power Signal High Voltage (redcable) – – – – – RJ-45, USB(type-A & B),GPIB DC AC RF MHV, SHV General purpose : Molex,Amphernol, Bendix,bananaplug : 120V/240V (single/triplephase) : F-conn,SMA,SMB, N-type,MCX Connectors : BNC,NIM/Lemo,DB-9/25,