FREE POLAND SPECIAL REPORT No 3
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Pamięć I Sprawiedliwość
PAMIĘĆ I SPRAWIEDLIWOŚĆ PAMIĘĆ I SPRAWIEDLIWOŚĆ 2 (13) 2008 Warszawa RADA PROGRAMOWA: prof. dr hab. Jerzy W. Borejsza, prof. dr hab. Czesław Brzoza, prof. dr hab. Jan Draus, prof. dr hab. Jerzy Eisler, dr hab. Andrzej Friszke, dr Janusz Gmitruk, dr Andrzej Grajewski, dr Franciszek Gryciuk, prof. dr hab. Cezary Kuklo, prof. dr hab. Witold Kulesza, dr hab. Janusz Kurtyka, prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Mazur, dr Zbigniew Nawrocki, prof. dr hab. Andrzej Paczkowski, dr Sławomir Radoń, prof. dr hab. Wojciech Roszkowski, prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Suleja, prof. dr hab. Tomasz Szarota, prof. dr hab. Ryszard Terlecki, Jędrzej Tucholski, prof. dr hab. Janusz Wrona, prof. dr hab. Wojciech Wrzesiński REDAKCJA: dr Władysław Bułhak, dr hab. Antoni Dudek, dr Łukasz Kamiński, dr hab. Paweł Machcewicz, dr Sławomir Poleszak (sekretarz redakcji), dr Rafał Wnuk (redaktor naczelny), dr hab. Zdzisław Zblewski, dr hab. Jan Żaryn Projekt graficzny: Krzysztof Findziński Opracowanie redakcyjne: Dorota Mazek, Małgorzata Strasz Redakcja techniczna: Andrzej Broniak Korekta: Magdalena Baj Tłumaczenie streszczeń na język angielski: Joanna Rohozińska-Michalska Skład i łamanie: Wojciech Czaplicki Druk i oprawa: 2 K s.c. Kaniorski Dariusz, Kwiatkowski Adam ul. Płocka 35/43, 93-134 Łódź © Copyright by Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ISSN 1427-7476 Biuro Edukacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 00-869 Warszawa, ul. Towarowa 28, tel. (0-22) 431 83 83, 431 83 86 faks (0-22) 431 83 80, e-mail: [email protected], www.ipn.gov.pl PAMIĘĆ I SPRAWIEDLIWOŚĆ 2 (13) 2008 SPIS TREŚCI Od Redakcji . 9 I. Dyskusja Czy Polska rosła w siłę i ludzie żyli dostatniej? . -
The Resurgence of Antisemitic Discourse in Poland Rafał Pankowski
Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2018.1492781 The Resurgence of Antisemitic Discourse in Poland Rafał Pankowski Rafał Pankowski is an associate professor in sociology at Warsaw’s Collegium Civitas University and a co-founder of the Nigdy Wiecej̨ [Never Again] Association, which monitors and combats antisemitism and xenophobia. His books include The Populist Radical Right in Poland (2010) and the forthcoming Poland: Inventing the Nation. The surge of hostility to Jews and the Jewish State in the Polish media and politics in early 2018 took many observers by surprise. For some, it was shocking to witness a virtual tidal wave of antisemitism in the mainstream discourse of one of the largest member states of the European Union—on territory which, during the German occupation, was the epicenter of the Holocaust. It was also a great shock because for many years, bilateral relations between Poland and Israel had been especially cordial and fruitful. While the history of antisemitism in Poland is relatively well known and has been thoroughly researched, few observers adequately assessed its potential as a tool with which to whip up the masses in contemporary Polish society. As late as Feb- ruary 4, 2018, Jonny Daniels, a controversial Anglo-Israeli public relations specialist frequently quoted in the Polish media on Jewish issues, boldly declared, “There is no such thing as Polish antisemitism.”1 Daniels, who mysteriously sur- faced in Poland after the elections in 2015 that brought the radical, right-wing Prawo i Sprawiedliwosċ́(PiS) party to power, became the Orthodox Jewish poster boy of the Polish right. -
Polish Death Camps Obrona
December 2019 (REVISED) Why it matters not to refer to Nazi German camps as “Polish” The story you won’t find in the North American mainstream media Poland’s new anti-defamation law has sparked an avalanche of alarmist commentary and harsh criticism.1 Extravagant claims have been made about the scope and intent of the law as, allegedly, suppressing discussion of Second World War crimes committed by Poles. Outrageous charges, often accompanied by unbridled hysteria, are being levelled against the Polish government, which is accused of “Holocaust denial” and even anti-Semitism. The Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee of the Knesset declared that “the Polish law is a crime and we will not allow it to happen.” Jack Rosen, President of the American Jewish Congress and chairman of the American Council for World Jewry, goes even further, claiming that Poland has put itself “in the same team as Iran and other Islamic terror states and the alt-right in the US and Holocaust deniers.” The anti-defamation law has also released pent-up aggression against Poles. However, the North American media rarely, if ever, mentions this aspect in the tsunami of articles critical of Poland. They show no apparent concern for the many rancorous statements by prominent Jews mentioned later on. In fact, the 1 On January 26, 2018 and February 1, 2018, respectively, the Seym (lower chamber) and Senate of the Polish Parliament passed legislation, commonly referred to as an “anti-defamation law,” which was proclaimed into law on February 6, 2019 by Poland’s President. It was an amendment to the 1998 Act on the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. -
The Kosciuszko Foundation 2010 Annual Report
THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION The American Center of Polish Culture 2010 ANNUAL REPORT The Kosciuszko Foundation The American Center of Polish Culture Contents THE MISSION OF THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION 3 U.S. AND POLISH ACADEMIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE 4-5 EXHANGE FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS FOR POLISH CITIZENS 6 SCHOLARSHIPS IN THE HUMANITIES 7-8 POLISH STUDIES SCHOLARS 9 SCHOLARSHIPS IN THE SCIENCES 10 SCHOLARSHIPS IN LAW AND ECONOMICS 11 SPECIAL AND TRAVEL GRANTS 12-13 THE DOMESTIC SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS 14 DOMESTIC TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS 14-19 THE YEAR ABROAD PROGRAM IN POLAND 20-21 GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN POLAND 22 SUMMER STUDY ABROAD PROGRAM 23-24 ANNUAL DINNER AND BALL 25 AFFILIATE GROUPS 26-28 2010 The Kosciuszko Foundation Annual Report 2 The Kosciuszko Foundation The American Center of Polish Culture The Mission of the Kosciuszko Foundation Founded in 1925, the Kosciuszko Foundation is dedicated to promoting and strengthening understanding and friendship between the peoples of Poland and the United States through educational, scientific and cultural exchanges and other related programs and activities. It awards fellowships and grants to graduate student scholars, scientists, professionals and artists and helps to increase the visibility and prestige of Polish culture in America’s pluralistic society by sponsoring exhibits, publications, film festivals, performing arts such as concerts and recitals, and assists other institutions with similar goals. 2010 The Kosciuszko Foundation Annual Report 3 The Kosciuszko Foundation The American Center of Polish Culture U.S. and Polish Academic Advisory Committee The Foundation would like to take this opportunity to express its sincere appreciation to the members of the U.S. -
Criminal Proceedings Against Colonel Feliks Michałowski (1952-1953)
Annuals of the Administration and Law no. 17 (1), p. 83-101 Original article Received: 16.03.2017 Accepted: 11.05.2017 Published: 30.06.2017 The funding sources for the publication: author’s own resources Authors’ Contribution: (A) Study Design (B) Data Collection (C) Statistical Analysis (D) Data Interpretation (E) Manuscript Preparation (F) Literature Search Elżbieta Romanowska* CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST COLONEL FELIKS MICHAŁOWSKI (1952-1953) In May 1943, the 1st Polish Infantry Division named after Tadeusz Kosciuszko was created in the USSR. It was the nucleus of the future Polish Armed Forces creat- ed in the territory of the USSR. With the formation of the 1st Infantry Division, the Military Information was created otherwise called Military Counterintelligence1. Military Information was one of the most criminal institutions in the Stalinist Po- land. From 1949 to 1953, the bodies of this institution arrested 2665 people, includ- * PhD; Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw. 1 See. S. Cenckiewicz, Długie ramię Moskwy. Wywiad wojskowy Polski Ludowej 1943-1991, Poznań 2011; A. Pietrzak, Główny Zarząd Informacji wobec flagowców 1949-1956, Warsaw 2011; L. Pawliko- wicz, Tajny front zimnej wojny. Uciekinierzy z polskich służb specjalnych 1956-1964, Warsaw 2004; P. Semków, Informacja Marynarki Wojennej w latach 1945-1957, Warsaw 2006; J. Poksiński, „TUN” Tatar-Utnik-Nowicki. Represje wobec oficerów Wojska Polskiego w latach 1949-1956, Warsaw 1992; idem, Victis Honos, Spisek w wojsku, Warsaw 1994; W. Tkaczew, Powstanie i działalność organów In- formacji Wojska Polskiego w latach 1943-1948. Kontrwywiad wojskowy, Warsaw 1994; idem, Organa Informacji Wojska Polskiego 1943-1956, Warsaw 2007. 84 ANNUALS OF THE ADMINISTRATION AND LAW. -
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Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/news/1477,European-Arrest-Warrant-for-Stefan-Michnik-a-former-judge-of-the-Mil itary-Distri.html 2021-09-30, 11:03 08.11.2018 European Arrest Warrant for Stefan Michnik, a former judge of the Military District Court in Warsaw The Branch Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation in Warsaw is conducting an investigation against Stefan Michnik, a former judge of the Military District Court in Warsaw. He is suspected of committing thirty crimes constituting communist crimes, falling within the scope of crimes against humanity, which involved issuing unlawful sentences adjudicating capital punishment and imprisonment for persons working towards sovereignty of the Polish State. The suspected crimes were perpetrated in the years 1952- 1953 in Warsaw. In the course of the proceedings evidence material was gathered that gave grounds for assuming that judge Stefan Michnik compromised the principle of objectivity, and when ruling in criminal matters he was primarily guided by ideological premises, seeking physical elimination of people perceived by the former authorities as political opponents. His assessment of evidence was discretionary, without any objective evidence against the defendants, and thus he unjustifiably imputed alleged acts to them. Moreover, when forming the punishment, he adopted a principle that the defendants "are highly dangerous for the rest of the society", not taking into account any circumstances in their favour (young age, no previous criminal record, repentance). Stefan Michnik, among others, presided over a body of judges of the Military District Court in Warsaw, which in 5 January 1953 passed a death sentence on the activist of the independence organization "Kraj". -
The Soviet Threat in Stanisław Cat-Mackiewicz's
PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI II, 2017 STANISŁAW ŻERKO Poznań THE SOVIET THREAT IN STANISŁAW CAT-MACKIEWICZ’S JOURNALISTIC WRITINGS DURING WORLD WAR II Stanisław Mackiewicz, known as Cat-Mackiewicz – the pseudonym1 he assumed in the 1920s – is still recognised as one of the most prominent Polish political journal- ists and historical essayists. He also wrote about literary history, and was particularly well known as a specialist in and admirer of Russian literature. He was a prolific writer. He wrote “21 books, 55 pamphlets, and over 300 papers which were a page or column long.”2 His recently published Selected Writings, edited by Jan Sadkiewicz, already comprise 19 volumes, and more are to be published. Mackiewicz’s writings have not ceased to be of great interest, and younger readers are enthusiastic when they discover them, which is to be expected. One of the youngest reviewers of Mac- kiewicz’s Selected Writings wrote: “I do not hesitate to call Stanisław Mackiewicz the most outstanding Polish journalist of the last century.”3 Mackiewicz was a conservative, a monarchist, a supporter of Piłsudski and a lead- ing Polish Germanophile, and a writer and journalist with an extraordinarily colourful personality. His biography by Jerzy Jaruzelski4 is an excellent account of the above. Between World Wars I and II the Słowo [Word] daily was published in Vilnius, and Cat-Mackiewicz was its editor-in-chief. Various aspects of his and his colleagues’ political writings published there are also analysed in his biography. Słowo was not a provincial daily, but was available and read in all major Polish cities. -
The Leadership of the Sanacja Camp and the Controversy Over the Future Constitution, 1928–1935
Kwartalnik Historyczny Vol. CXXI, 2014 Special Issue, pp. 123–141 PL ISSN 0023-5903 PAWEŁ DUBER Muzeum Józefa Piłsudskiego w Sulejówku Warsaw THE LEADERSHIP OF THE SANACJA CAMP AND THE CONTROVERSY OVER THE FUTURE CONSTITUTION, 1928–1935 The coup d’état of May 1926 should be regarded as one of the most im- portant events in the recent history of Poland.The seizure of power by Józef Piłsudski put an end to the period usually referred to as the ‘era of 1 parliamentary ascendancy’. One of the main goals of the political camp led by Marshal Piłsudski was to strengthen the executive prerogatives of the president by introducing far-reaching changes to the Constitu- tion of 1921. The camp’s leaders also stressed the need to cure all the 2 ills plaguing the country’s political life. For this reason, the regime that came to power in 1926 began to be called the ‘Sanacja’ (an elusive term best translated as ‘moral improvement’). However, it should also be re- membered that Piłsudski, in seizing almost complete control of Polish political life, did not have a clear-cut programme for rebuilding the foundations of political system. Work on this programme, undertaken long before the May Coup, continued for many years, revealing serious divergences of opinion among the Marshal’s close associates. The most significant conflicts involved the attempts to give a new shape to the upper house of parliament, to determine the mutual relations between 1 Janusz Pajewski, Budowa Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej 1918–1926, Kraków, 1995, p. 199. A historian known for being a Piłsudski adherent went so far as to use the term ‘the period of the Sejm’s omnipotence’. -
Raport O Stanie Badań Nad Migracjami W Polsce Po 1989 Roku
Raport o stanie badań nad migracjami w Polsce po 1989 roku Redakcja naukowa: Anna Horolets, Magdalena Lesińska, Marek Okólski Komitet Badań nad Migracjami PAN Warszawa 2018 Raport o stanie badań nad migracjami w Polsce po 1989 roku Redakcja naukowa: Anna Horolets, Magdalena Lesińska, Marek Okólski Komitet Badań nad Migracjami PAN Warszawa 2018 Recenzja: Krystyna Romaniszyn, Uniwersytet Jagielloński Skład: Maria Piechowska / e-bla Copyright © 2018 by Komitet Badań nad Migracjami PAN Publikacja dofinansowana przez Polską Akademię Nauk ISBN 978-83-940012-8-5 www.kbnm.pan.pl Spis treści Podziękowania 2 Wstęp. Studia migracyjne w Polsce po 1989 roku – szkic mapy pola badawczego 3 Rozdział 1. Demograficzne aspekty badań nad migracjami 30 Rozdział 2. Ekonomiczne badania nad migracjami 68 Rozdział 3. Socjologiczna perspektywa w badaniach nad migracjami 86 Rozdział 4. Badania migracyjne w obszarze politologii i dyscyplin pokrewnych 118 Rozdział 5. Perspektywa historii w badaniach nad migracjami 137 Rozdział 6. Badania migracyjne o profilu antropologicznym 153 Rozdział 7. Perspektywa geografii i studiów regionalnych w badaniach nad migracjami 174 Biogramy autorów 211 1 Podziękowania Redaktorzy pragną podziękować za wnikliwą recenzję raportu i cenne uwagi prof. dr hab. Krystynie Romaniszyn. Mamy dług wdzięczności także wobecczłonków Komitetu Badań nad Migracjami PAN, którzy na różnych etapach jego powstawania przekazywali materiały do bazy, uczestniczyli w zorganizowanym w Lublinie spotkaniu, na którym podjęto decyzje o strukturze raportu, przygotowywali i redagowali poszczególne rozdziały, przekazywali krytyczne uwagi i uzupełnienia dotyczące wczesnej jego wersji. Anna Horolets, Magdalena Lesińska, Marek Okólski 2 Wstęp. Studia migracyjne w Polsce po 1989 roku – szkic mapy pola badawczego1 Anna Horolets, Magdalena Lesińska, Marek Okólski 1. -
El Principe Constante? Jan Lechoń and Politics (After 1939)1
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LODZIENSIS FOLIA LITTERARIA POLONICA 6(44) 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9057.44.03 Paweł Sobczak* el principe constante? Jan Lechoń and politics (after 1939)1 When I went to Paris, Beck spoke these words, Go there as an emigrant first, germinal... So in case of a crash or catastrophe, You could as from Poland as possible write about it, Then every Polish path will be dear to you, Alas! How you love Poland when you do not live there!2 The outbreak of WWII found Jan Lechoń in the diplomatic service in Paris, where since 1931 he had served as a propaganda officer of the Polish Embassy.3 He stayed in Paris until mid-June 1940 when, after France fell, the poet left the capital in a car driven by Jan Brzękowski and, after over a year of travelling through Spain, Portugal, and Brazil, he reached the United States. The dramatic wartime events and émigré fortunes spurred once again his poetic talent. Once in Rio de Janeiro he began writing poems which were later included in collections entitled Lutnia po Bekwarku and Aria z kurantem. The time of WWII and several years after it were also for Lechoń, who from 1943 was editor-in-chief of Tygo- dnik Polski, a time of intensive journalistic work. In his articles, the poet discussed * Ph.D., [email protected]; Department of 20th and 21st Century Polish Literature, Faculty of Philology, University of Lodz, 91-404 Łódź, 171/173 Pomorska St. 1 The article continues the theme of “Między kawiarnią a ambasadą. -
Prawo I Bezprawie
DWUTYGODNIK POLSKIEGO INSTYTUTU: “MIECZ DUCHA” ADRES REDAKCJI : 27 GROSVENOR STREET, LONDON, W.i Telefon: MAY 2028 Rok I Nr. 18 NIEDZIELA 27 WRZEŚNIA 1942 Cena 3d. STANISŁAW SZURLEJ PRAWO I BEZPRAWIE PRAWO JEST ZJAWISKIEM SPO- padku nim być nie może. Odpowiedź jest jańską jest prawem, a co jej przeciwne — przede wszystkim każę dbać o własną sprawy obcego mocarstwa, a przecież nikt łecznym. Zjawia się wraz z pojawianiem prosta. Ocenić to można tylko na pod jest bezprawiem. Wtedy ustaną wąt duszę, o to, ażeby samemu dawać przy nije kwestionował prawa tego krzyżowcom, się drugiego człowieka na ziemi. Celem stawie zasad moralnych, bo tylko wtedy pliwości, które prawa są dobre, a które kład życia prawego, zgodnego z Bożymi póki wśród nich panował duch chrześci bowiem prawa jest określić wzajemne ma się bezwzględne kryteria, dla okreś złe. , nakazami. Tylko spełnienie tego warunku jański, duch Godfreda czy Ryszarda Lwie e stosunki między ludźmi i umocnić je lenia co jest złe a co jest dobre. Powtóre zaś — i to dla oceny uprawnia moralnie do wtrącania się w Serce. Również i dziś stopień urzeczy sankcjami. CGdyby ’ ’ tego nie było, nie A zasad tych należy szukać w prawie sprawy, o której wyżej była mowa, ma sprawy drugich, które w przeciwnym razie wistnienia etyki chrześcijańskiej w życiu byłoby między* r ludźmi organizacji natury, czyli w prawie boskim — zawar szczególniejsze znaczenie — w etyce kato stałoby się jedynie nowym, cięższym własnego narodu, jest równocześnie miarą koniecznej dla wspólnego życia,, w szcze- tym dla nas w etyce katolickiej. Wtedy lickiej jest jedno, niezmiernie istotne jeszcze grzechem obłudy. uprawnienia do mieszania się — celem gólności nie byłoby określenia kto kogo tylko można nie zbłądzić i powiedzieć — przykazanie. -
EDWARD RYDZ-ŚMIGŁY a Political and Military Biography
EDWARD RYDZ-ŚMIGŁY A Political and Military Biography Ryszard Mirowicz Translated and edited by Gregory P. Dziekonski The copyright over the translation has been granted to the translator by the copyright holder of the original Polish text, and I authorize the University of Washington Libraries to make the full text of the English translation available to readers worldwide. TRANSLATOR’S NOTE The original Polish version of this book was written in the 1980s under communist rule, and remained dormant in a censor’s office for over a year. The author was ordered to alter various references concerning the Teschen dispute in 1938 and the Soviet invasion of Poland in alliance with the Nazis in September, 1939. Although the author expressed satisfaction at the eventual compromise between mandated omissions and academic integrity just prior to publication, the translator has made an attempt to add a few footnotes to provide some balance to the narrative. Regarding the customary problems with geographical locations in multiple languages, most locations described in First World War battles on the eastern front in which the Legions were involved and the post-war military operations in the Ukraine, Byelorussia, and Lithuania are in Polish. Otherwise, respective languages for whichever countries in which the geographic locations happened to be situated at the time are used. English names were used for those which possess them, such as “Warsaw,” “Cracow,” “Kaunas,” etc. Numbered footnotes are mostly identical to those in the original text and are listed at the end of each respective section. Footnotes with an asterisk at the bottom of the page are citations which the translator has added.