No. 59 April 2020 STEEL CONSTRUCTION TODAY & TOMORROW http://www.jisf.or.jp/en/activity/sctt/index.html
Special Issue Japanese Society of Steel Construction
JSSC Commendations for Outstanding Achievements in 2019 • Outstanding Achievement Awards 1 Nihonbashi Urban Redevelopment Project 2 Nakanoshima Festival Tower West 3 Osaki Garden Tower
Photo: Kiyohiko Higashide
• Thesis Awards 4 Restraint Effect of Concrete Floor Slab on Lateral-Torsional Buckling Behavior of H-shaped Steel Beam 5 Estimation of Fracture Strength of Welded Joints with Weld Defects 6 Low-cycle Fatigue Evaluation for Welded Joint of Shear Panel Damper in Multiple Steel Columns
Feature Article: Pacific Structural Steel Conference 2019 7 12th PSSC Held in Tokyo 9 Keynote Lecture 10 Technical Session 11 Technical Tour 12 Corporate Exhibition
JSSC International Events
13 2019 China-Japan-Korea Tall Building Forum in Nara, Japan 14 2nd IABSE Young Engineers Colloquium
Special Article: Stainless Steel 16 268 Orchard Road 18 Kamihirai Flood Gate
JSSC International Committee Back cover: Chairman Message
Published Jointly by
The Japan Iron and Steel Federation
Japanese Society of Steel Construction JSSC Commendations for Outstanding Achievements in 2019-Outstanding Achievement Awards Nihonbashi Urban Redevelopment Project Prize winners: NIHON SEKKEI, INC. and Obayashi Corporation
Redevelopment of Zone A with the hat trusses, belt trusses and oil tion method” is a construction method in The Nihonbashi 2-chome Category-1 Ur- dampers, appropriately arranged on the which temporary trusses are construct- ban Redevelopment Project is a develop- mega frames, of which the columns from ed between the 1FL beams and the B1FL ment of a Special Redevelopment District the upper floor are bent outwards at the beams to form mega frames, and the ex- consisting of four zones, centered on the base of the upper structure. The seismic cavation is carried out while hanging the Nihonbashi Takashimaya Shopping Cen- performance of Zone A is 1.5 times that underground columns from the mega ter Main Building (one of the Important of general high-rise buildings. (Fig. 1) frames. (Fig. 3) Cultural Properties) and the Category-1 For the construction of the basement, The pedestrian bridge between Zone urban redevelopment project. the “Inverted Construction method” was A and Takashimaya was built with a can- Zone A is located on the east side of adopted. The number of king posts was tilever structure supported from Zone A. Takashimaya, and its above-ground floors reduced as the columns along the perim- In order to avoid the effect of inter-lay- comprise offices and retails as well as ma- eter of the building were bent outwards er deformation at an event of an earth- chine rooms including the certified DHC to connect to the retaining wall. The re- quake, the L-shaped frame was planned for the entire zones. Its basement floors duced number of king posts as well as with a mechanism to restrain its vertical comprise parking lots and machine rooms adopting the “Mega Frame Inverted deformation by using liner sliders con- such as heat storage tanks. (See Photo 1) Construction method” greatly improved trolling the vibration induced at the end the workability of underground work of the bridge. (Fig. 4) ￭ Design and Construction of Zone A and shortened the construction period by Zone A structure involves the multi-lay- about 6 months. (Fig. 2) ered buckling-restrained braces along The “Mega Frame Inverted Construc- ig Underground Structure ig 1 A ove-ground Structure one A at truss
ulti layered 2 uc lin restrained races il dampers 2 uc lin restrained races
elt truss 0 in post
Photo 1 Full view Seismic resistant e a rame etainin wall de ice oundation asement ig 3 Mega rame wall steel eam etainin wall illin Column Temp races also as cut&demolis ig edestrian Bridge in post Important temp cultural property Liner sliders steel eam Beam remain 6F Temp race
steel eam an in columns 5F temp steel eam Temp races
~15m Exp. joint L-shaped cantilever
1 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 JSSC Commendations for Outstanding Achievements in 2019-Outstanding Achievement Awards Nakanoshima Festival Tower West Prize winners: Nikken Sekkei Ltd. and Takenaka Corporation
In Osaka, a twin tower project was pro- the large exterior wall of the low-rise sec- Adoption of Eco-friendly and Ad- moted at the site sandwiching Yotsubashi- tion (first to fourth floors) of the building, vanced Steel-structure Technologies suji street, one of the major trunk roads which were covered with bricks. In ad- In the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in Osaka, and the Nakanoshima Festival dition, between the top of the self-stand- West, diverse eco-friendly technologies Tower West is a high-rise building con- ing wall from the first floor to the fourth- have been applied, such as a regional air- structed as the second-phase project of floor underfloor and the fourth-floor large conditioning system (for the two build- this twin tower project. (See Photo 1) beam on the building’s east side, “BigWall ings in the twin tower project) using wa- The structural plan of the building con- framing” was structured in which 4 units ter from the rivers running on both sides structed as the first-phase project featured a of identical oil dampers were arranged. of the project site and a double-wall glass seismically-isolated intermediate layer and In this way, high-damping oil dampers “active skin” exterior wall attached to a giant truss structure. For the Nakanoshi- whose high damping effects have already the columnar-state section of the office- ma Festival Tower West, seismic resistance been confirmed were intensively arranged floor exterior wall surface. similar to that of the first-phase project was in the low-rise exterior brick-wall section In addition, because a heavy-traffic required to be provided by the project own- on the four sides. (Refer to Fig. 1) expressway runs in the site and the site er. To meet such a requirement, a “low-rise The adoption of the low-rise floor-in- is next to a trunk road, special cares were floor-intensive response-control structure” tensive response-control structure has required to pay to falling objects during was adopted for the Nakanoshima Festi- brought about two notable merits: secure- construction. To cope with such site con- val Tower West as a structural plan that se- ment of seismic resistance similar to that ditions, automated lifting-type external cures seismic resistance similar to that of of seismically-isolated structure obtained scaffolding, among others, was adopted the seismically-isolated intermediate layer. by arranging high-damping dampers in- to improve safety and productivity. Thus, tensively at the low-rise floors routine- the Nakanoshima Festival Tower West is Low-rise Floor-intensive ly applied; and no need for providing the assessed as a project that has greatly con- Response-control Structure floors without building application pur- tributed towards the improvement of the A total of 48 units of 6,000-kN high- poses like the seismically-isolated floors. construction technologies for high-rise damping oil dampers were arranged for steel-structure buildings. ￭
oto iyo i o i as ide i as ide S as in imus o Fig. 1 Framing Elevation and Damper Arrangement
Hotel floors: Outer peripheral column @4.5 m
32nd-floor truss Pitch change of outer peripheral column+ Supression of flexural deformation
Office floors: Outer peripheral column @3.6 m
Center core 2,000-kN oil damper (208 units)
Fifth-floor truss Pitch change of outer peripheral column+ Supression of bending deformation
6,000-kN oil damper at “BigWall” framing
1st~4th floors Intensive response-control layers 6,000-kN oil damper
oto ull iew and low rise section
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 2 -Outstanding Achievement Awards Osaki Garden Tower Prize winners: Yuichi Koitabashi, Seiya Kimura, Kenichi Hirai, Yoshihide Takada, Toshihiro Hayasaka, and TAISEI CORPORATION
Osaki Garden Tower is an office build- By arranging the EVs face-to-face structure above ground. Therefore the ing of the Urban Redevelopment Proj- within 10.8 m, it was possible to arrange bottom-up construction method was ad- ect by Sumitomo Realty & Development the seismic resistant elements within the opted below ground, using SMW and Co., Ltd., which is 114-meter-high, and core on each of the grid lines with the earth anchors for the earth retaining the floor area is 178,000m2 consisting of EVs back-to-back. work, so that construction of the earth- +24 floors and -2 floors (Photo 1). By forming a rational seismic resis- works and main frame could be carried tant structure concentrated in the core out in an open state, 180,000 m³ of soil Outline of the Building taking into consideration the office flow was excavated, and the 50,000 m³ under- In the design of the external appearance, lines, in addition to adopting a seismical- ground structure was constructed in ten the building was divided in order to re- ly isolated structure, large office floors months. duce any oppressive feeling in the sur- were achieved with a high degree of free- The structural steel erection was car- rounding residential area. Also, the col- dom of planning arrangement, while en- ried out using four tower cranes and or of the glass was coordinated to show a suring high seismic performance. work proceeded with about 3,000 tons uniform external appearance. of structural steel in a cycle of two The standard floor provides open Construction Method for Under- weeks. ￭ space with outstanding views, with a me- ground Structure ga floor office of 5,500 m2 per floor, the The building has direct foundations, an largest in Tokyo, with long spans of 10.8 RC structure below ground, and a steel m, ceiling height 3 m, and depth of 21 m without columns.
ig 1 loor raming lan Steel plate wall Earthquake-resistant Equipment Seismic brace (buckling restrained brace) Intensive Seismic Isolation System The structural characteristic of the build- EV entering Arrangement of ing is the column head seismic isola- and exiting seismic members tion on the basement B1 level coinciding position concentrated in the core with the building layout which adopts a center core with 10.8 m column spacing. The main points of the structural plan are as follows. • Steel columns are provided receiving the long span beams in the office space on both sides of the corridors in the center core, and columns are provided receiv- ing seismic elements arranged so as to surround the EV bank. By bringing together both columns on • 130 m the first floor into a transfer frame, the vertical loads collected on the columns ig o er raming Elevation of Short Side receiving the long span beams act as Seismic member (seismic wall) Fluctuating axial a counterweight to balance the uplift Vertical load from loads produced Seismic isolation member the mass of the during an earthquake Long-term axial (isolator) forces concentrated in the seismic el- Seismic force office space in the columns with load due to the mass Seismic isolation member ements due to horizontal forces during seismic members of the office space (steel damper) an earthquake.
Steel plate seismic wall
Transfer steel plate wall
Position of seismic Position of seismic Position of seismic Position of seismic isolation bearing isolation bearing isolation bearing isolation bearing
Isolator Steel U-shaped damper Photo 1 Exterior view
3 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 JSSC Commendations for Outstanding Achievements in 2019-Thesis Awards Restraint Effect of Concrete Floor Slab on Lateral-Torsional Buckling Behavior of H-shaped Steel Beam Prize winners: Yuji Koetaka, Haruna Iga, Jun Iyama and Takashi Hasegawa
Yuji oetaka Outline of Loading Tests Verification of Elastic Stiffness raduated rom raduate In this study, targeting at a test specimen and Maximum Strength o Sc ool n ineerin composed of a short-length H-shaped In this study, the test results for the elas- sa a ni ersity steel beam and a concrete floor slab (re- tic stiffness and maximum strength of ntered Taisei Corporation fer to Fig. 2), loading tests were conduct- beam upper flange-concrete slab connec- 200 Assistant ro essor yoto ni ersity ed that simultaneously impart an out- tions were extracted from the force-de- of-plane horizontal force and torsion. formation relationship. The results ob- 200 ecturer sa a nstitute o Tec nolo y 20 Associate ro essor raduate Sc ool Through the loading tests, the mechan- tained from the relationship between the o n ineerin yoto ni ersity ical behavior, which corresponds to the out-of-plane horizontal force and the dis- force-deformation relationship, of later- placement on the beam upper flange cor- Preface al and rotational springs shown in Fig. 1 respond to those of horizontal springs, It is well known that in the composite was confirmed. and further the results obtained from the beams produced by connecting H-shaped A total of 25 test specimens were relationship between the torsional mo- steel beams to reinforced-concrete floor used, and among the parameters of these ment and the rotational angle around the slabs by the use of headed studs, later- specimens were the length of headed beam upper flange correspond to those al-torsional buckling is hard to occur be- studs, the arrangement of headed studs of rotational springs. cause the out-of-plane displacement and (one stud, two studs in a wide space or In addition, the existing calculation torsion of the beam upper flange are re- two studs in a narrow space), the section- equations used to predict the elastic stiff- strained by the concrete floor slab. In or- al configuration of concrete floor slabs ness and maximum strength were veri- der to examine the lateral-torsional buck- and the beam depth. fied, and new calculation equations were ling behavior of composite beams by proposed to improve means of numerical analysis while tak- some of the existing ing into account the restraint effect of Fig. 3 Comparison of Elastic Stiffness of Rotational equations low in predic- concrete floor slabs on beam upper flang- Springs tion accuracy. In particu- es, it is necessary to appropriately evalu- roposal met od lar, this study made clear ate the stiffness and strength of the later- Specimen ast met od that the elastic stiffness al and rotational springs shown in Fig. 1. and maximum strength of rotational springs ob- tained from the calcula- Fig. 1 Restraint Effect of Concrete Floor tion results correspond- S Slabs on Beam Upper Flange ed well to those obtained 2 from the loading test re- isplacement o t e upper ateral otational 2 ￭ lan e is restricted sprin sprin sults (refer to Fig. 3). 2 a 2 eaded stud w Fig. 2 Outline of Loading Test K K sc s unit mm pull out strain il ac 00 rediction S loadin s Test Specimen unloadin up side down 00 s s 2 Ksc Ks 0 m rad s
0 10 20 30 40
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 4 -Thesis Awards Estimation of Fracture Strength of Welded Joints with Weld Defects Prize winners: Hiroumi Shimokawa, Takaaki Hiroshige, Tetsuya Fujita, Haruhito Okamoto, Yukihiro Harada and Tadao Nakagomi
due to notching differs from that for duc- width B to penetrated notch length A, iroumi Shimokawa raduated rom raduate tile fractures at a section that takes into Ak: Equivalent penetrated notch length Sc ool o n ineerin account sectional defects due to notching. (mm), α: Improved strength ratio, a: S insyu ni ersity As a result, the fracture strength estima- Notch height (mm), c: Notch length ntered Corporation tion equation pertaining to brittle factures (mm), tcr: Fracture surface height (mm) 200 Construction n ineerin Ser ices ept Steel was structured by referring to the pen- Corporation etrated notch model (Fig. 1) used in lin- Assessment of Estimated 200 awa is i rid e or s Co td ear fracture mechanics (refer to Equation Fracture Strength Value 200 Construction aterials n ineerin (1)). In structuring the fracture strength Fig. 2 shows the relationship between ept Steel Corporation estimation equation pertaining to ductile the dimensionless fracture strength and fractures, it was assumed that fractures the equivalent penetrated notch length Preface occur when the sectional defect section as an example of results of comparison When weld-joining the beam ends, be- reaches the range of tensile strength (re- between the estimated value and the test cause it is very easy to attach the tab, cas- fer to Equation (2)). As the estimated frac- result. The mark ● in the figure shows es are increasing in which the alternative ture strength value, Eqation (1) was com- the test result, and the mark ○ the esti- tab is applied. With a welding method pared to Equation (2), and the lower one mated fracture strength value. The curve using alternative tabs, a weld defect is li- of the estimated fracture strength values in the figure shows the estimated curve able to occur at the beam end, and there- obtained in the comparison was to be de- for fracture strength. It can be seen from fore a number of fracture tests have been termined as the fracture strength. the figure that the estimated value agrees conducted for weld joints having artifi- well with the test result. cial defects since the occurrence of the It is considered that the fracture strength Great Hanshin Earthquake. estimation equation proposed in the cur- Based on the existing test results and rent study allows for grasping the permis- targeting at brittle fractures caused by sible level of defect size required to secure weld defects occurring at the weld start/ the performance requirements for welded end section, we attempted to structure a 2 joints, and that the equation can be applied fracture strength estimation equation by as an approach to judging the acceptance/ the use of linear fracture mechanics. rejection of defects in ultrasonic tests. ￭
Structuring of Fracture Strength References: Estimation Equation E: Young’s modulus (N/mm2), T: Test 1) Shimokawa, et al., Estimation of Fracture As the test data for use in structuring a temperature (°C), vTE: Energy transition Strength Applying Linear Fracture Me- fracture strength estimation equation, temperature (°C), ξ’: B/(B-2･Aeq) or chanics, Journal of Structural and Con- a total of 86 weld joint specimens with B/(B-Aeq), vEbr: Charpy absorbed en- struction Engineering (Transactions of partial defects were selected from past ergy (J), σuT: Tensile strength in frac- AIJ), No.585, pp169-175, November 2004 references. ture section at test temperature (N/mm2), 2) Ozawa, et al., Experimental Study of In structuring the estimation equation, γ: Structural stress concentration coef- Butt Joints with Surface Defects at Weld- it was considered that the fracture strength ficient, F(ξ): Dimensionless coefficient ing End, Annual assembly of AIJ, C-1 estimation equation for brittle fractures determined by dimension ratio ξof plate Structure III, pp569-572, August 2004
Fig. 1 Penetrated otch Model Fig. 2 Comparison between Estimated Values and Test Results σ σ σpr σuT Test results σpr σuT Test results σma σuT σma σuT 2 stimated alues 2 stimated alues 0 0
A A A 0 0
0 0 o 0 o 0 o r r 0 2 0 2 T T 2℃ A Ae mm T T ℃ A Ae mm 0 0 0 0 σ σ 0 0 20 2 0 0 0 20 2 0 a late test specimen rame test specimen2
5 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 -Thesis Awards Low-cycle Fatigue Evaluation for Welded Joint of Shear Panel Damper in Multiple Steel Columns Prize winners: Masaru Shimizu, Kazuo Tateishi, Takeshi Hanji, Hiroki Sugiyama, Yasumasa Soga, Riku Adachi and Hiroshi Noda
Masaru Shimizu produced. The analysis showed that yses of frame structure model. As an 20 0 raduated rom o e City the crack initiation and its growth example calculation, the low cycle fa- Colle e o Tec nolo y can be estimated from the local strain tigue life was also evaluated for sever- 20 2 inis ed t e master range at the crack initiation point and al earthquakes using Equation (1) and course raduate Sc ool o n ineerin yoto the cyclic J integral (Fig. 2). the cumulative fatigue damage rule ni ersity On the other hand, above-men- (Fig. 3). Low-cycle fatigue life cal- 20 inis ed t e doctoral course raduate tioned finite element analysis needs culated from Equation (1) evaluated Sc ool o n ineerin yoto ni ersity much labor and calculation times to its life on the same accuracy or safe- 20 Assistant ro raduate Sc ool o obtain the local strain range. From the ty side compared with the calculation n ineerin a oya ni ersity viewpoint of practical use, we con- using the finite element analysis. ￭ structed the relationship between the Preface local strain range at the crack initia- Fig. 2 Comparison of Crack Initiation Multiple steel columns are a highway tion point and the mean shear strain and Growth bridge pier erected by joining four range of shear panels, which can be 4δ 5δ 6δ 7δ 8δ 9δ 10δ 11δ 12δ 13δ 14δ 15δ steel pipe columns by the use of shear obtained using a comparatively sim- 25 p C S a t o
panel dampers (Fig. 1). In the event of ple structural calculation approach. i r ff e nn e Shear panel Weld bead t n e c r large earthquakes, shear panels man- In this study, low-cycle fatigue 20 t i o ufactured using low-yield point steel crack generated from the boxing weld- Crack n absorb the seismic energy to secure ed joints in a scallop of shear panel 15 Lower flange the stability of an entire bridge struc- was focused on. The relationship be- 10 Crac wit a len t o ture. However, low-cycle fatigue-in- tween both strain ranges mentioned se eral millimeters was duced cracks may occur due to the above depended mainly on the thick- ound in e periment repeated occurrence of large plas- ness of shear panel at the welded joint. Crac len t mm 5 stimation cur e tic strain at the welded joint of shear Then, an equation to estimate the local 0 panels. In this study, an evaluation strain range is proposed using the fol- 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 method of low-cycle fatigue in weld- lowing equation. um er o cycles cycle ed joint of shear panel damper was in- vestigated. Fig. 3 Cumulative Fatigue Damage in Seismic Response Analysis Evaluation Method for Low-cycle Where D 0 0 2 Fatigue in Shear Panel Dampers 2 ean s ear strain istory
In this study, cyclic loading test on γ Cumulati e ati ue dama e multiple steel columns was simulat- 0 02 Calculated y Calculated y A 0 ed by finite element analysis in which results even weld toe configuration was re- 0 0 : Local strain range at the boxing 0 −0 02 Fig. 1 Multiple Steel Columns weld toe in a scallop of shear panel ean s ear strain : Mean shear strain range of shear 0 2 −0 0 0 panel 0 0 20
: Plate thickness of shear panel Time sec Cumulati e ati ue dama e de ree : Yield stress Steel column : Shear elastic modulus
By the use of above equation, the hysteresis of local strain range can be estimated from the hysteresis of mean S ear panel damper shear strain range, which can be ob- tained from the seismic response anal-
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 6 Feature Article: PSSC’19 (1) 12th PSSC Held in Tokyo The 12th Pacific Structural Steel Confer- Outline of PSSC’19 Programs ence (PSSC’19) was held on November Date Time Event Venue 9 to 10, 2019 at the Multi-Purpose Dig- ital Hall of the Tokyo Institute of Tech- Nov. 8 18:00-20:30 PCSSA meeting Multi-Purpose Digital Hall nology in Japan. Nov. 9 9:00- 9:30 Opening Ceremony Multi-Purpose Digital Hall The Pacific Structural Steel Confer- (Sat.) ence is a major initiative bringing to- 9:30-10:30 Keynote Lecture Multi-Purpose Digital Hall gether expertise in structural steel re- search, education and construction from • Professor Jerome F. Hajjar (Northeastern University, USA) • Professor Yaojun Ge (Tonji University, China) all around the Pacific Rim and beyond to promote cooperation among the struc- 11:00-17:00 Technical Session (parallel session) tural steel associations and communi- cation on development in the field of 18:30-20:30 Banquet The Capitol Hotel Tokyu steel structures in Pacific countries. It Nov. 10 9:00-10:30 Organized Session Multi-Purpose Digital Hall was originated in 1986 in New Zealand, (Sun.) followed by Australia in 1989, Japan in 11:00-12:00 Keynote Lecture Multi-Purpose Digital Hall 1992, Singapore in 1995, Korea in 1998, • Professor Chia-Ming Uang (UC, San Diego, USA) China in 2001, USA in 2004, New Zea- • President Mitsumasa Midorikawa (Building Research Institute, Japan) land in 2007, China in 2010, Singapore in 2013 and China in 2016. 9:00-17:00 Technical Session (parallel session) The current 12th PSSC was held in 17:00-17:15 Closing Ceremony Multi-Purpose Digital Hall Japan for the first time in nearly a quar- ter of a century since the 3rd PSSC was Nov. 11 Tokyo Olympic facilities and Metropolitan (Mon.) 8:15-14:00 Technical Tour highway renewal project held in Japan in 1992. At the last PSSC held in Shanghai, China in 2016, Japan took over the PSSC from China, and present research papers was the Specialized Committee on PSSC’19 held on November 9 and 10, Arrangements was established within 2019, and the Technical Tour the Japanese Society of Steel Construc- was held on November 11, tion (JSSC) and chaired by JSSC Presi- 2019. dent Yozo Fujino, which promoted prep- A total of 21 countries par- arations for PSSC’19. The major reason ticipated in PSSC’19, and the why the PSSC’19 was decided to be held total participants numbered in Japan owed to the 2020 Olympic and 339 (201 from Japan, 90 from Paralympic Games is held in Tokyo and China and so on). In the Tech- the PSSC-related technical tour could nical Session, 232 papers thus be organized to visit the latest facil- were reported. Consequently, ities to be used for the Games. PSSC’19 in Tokyo was a great success. (See Photos 1 and 2) Photo 2 Main hall at PSSC’19 venue Major Programs of PSSC’19 At the Corporate Exhi- At PSSC’19, the Keynote Lecture was bition, 26 companies and organiza- PSSC’19 venue, and many participants delivered and the Technical Session to tions opened exhibition booths at the visited the booths. The Technical Tour
Photo 1 Group photo of participants
7 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 was made to visit Olympic and Para- ed changes are becoming more appar- tion of the next PSSC planned to be held lympic athletic facilities that were new- ent, active discussions were held with in 2022. In closing the banquet, the par- ly completed or under construction the aim of realizing resilient, sustainable ticipants parted with a promise to meet (Ariake Arena, Ariake Gymnastics Cen- and attractive steel structures. The sig- again in China three years later in 2022. tre and Olympic Aquatics Center) ahead nificance and purpose of PSSC’19 men- (See Photos 4~6) of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Para- tioned above was stressed in the opening ♦♦♦ lympic Games. The tour was also made address by President Fujino, an excerpt PSSC has traditionally been managed by to the site of the renewal project of the of which is given below: the Pacific Council of Structural Steel Metropolitan Expressway more than -“The general theme of this conference Associations (PCSSA) composed of the 50 years since its original construction. is ‘Steel Structures with Resilience and membership of 11 nations, to which Indo- With many overseas participants, the Sustainability.’ Because of recent experi- nesia (Indonesian Society of Steel Con- tour was at full capacity. ences of natural disasters in Japan and all struction) and Thailand (Thailand Struc- The Organized Session with the over the world, ‘resilience’ is becoming tural Steel Society) have joined as new theme “Toward 2020: State-of-the-art more and more important. The effects members. On the day before PSSC’19, Steel Structure Technologies for the Fu- of climate change and limited growth the PCSSA meeting was held, where the ture of Tokyo” was planned on the day are becoming evident, and ‘sustainabil- outline of PSSC’19 was reported and fu- before the Technical Tour. In advance ity’ is also becoming very vital. I believe ture operating plans were discussed. ￭ of holding the tour, presentations were that various aspects of steel structures made at the session to introduce the will be discussed today and tomorrow in technological issues involved in the de- this conference towards achieving ‘Steel sign and construction of these latest fa- Structures with Resilience and Sustain- cilities for use at the 2020 Tokyo Olym- ability’ and more attractive steel struc- pic and Paralympic Games. tures.”-
Towards Resilient and Banquet and Ending Ceremony Sustainable Steel Structures On the first evening of PSSC’19, a ban- At the opening ceremony held on the quet was held at the Capitol Hotel Tokyu. first day of PSSC’19, with Chairman To- After a greeting by JSSC President Fuji- ru Takeuchi (Professor, Tokyo Institute no, Emeritus Professor Yushi Fukumoto of Technology) of the JSSC’s Organizing (Nagoya University and Osaka Univer- Committee on PSSC’19 as the chairper- sity), who has made great contributions Photo 4 Toast by Emeritus Professor Yushi son, JSSC President Yozo Fujino gave to PSSC, proposed a toast, and a ban- Fukumoto an opening address representing the host quet was held that cultivated friendship organization (Photo 3). Then, address- among PSSC participants. es were delivered by two distinguished At the banquet, a performance was guests, President Izuru Takewaki of the held of Japanese traditional folk songs Architectural Institute of Japan (Profes- accompanied with Japanese tradition- sor, Kyoto University) and Professor al musical instruments, koto and shaku- Zhou Xuhong (Honorary President of hachi, and the participants, particularly Chinese Steel Construction Society, Ac- those from overseas, listened attentive- ademician of the Chinese Academy of ly to the beautiful tones of these instru- Engineering). An address by President ments. Izuru Takewaki was read by the chair- Lastly, the PSSC flag was handed Photo 5 Performance of koto and shakuhachi at person. over from Japan to China, the host na- the banquet The general theme at PSSC’19 was “Steel Structures with Resilience and Photo 6 Sustainability.” In the recent circum- Handing over of PSSC stances in which natural disasters have flag from Japan to frequently occurred and climate-relat- China, the host nation of next PSSC
Photo 3 Greeting by JSSC President Yozo Fujino
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 8 Feature Article: PSSC’19 (2) Keynote Lecture On the first and second days of of dynamic characteristics of cable- ■ Inelastic Deformation Capaci- PSSC’19, the Keynote Lecture was stayed bridges, aerodynamic stabili- ty of Steel Beam-end Connec- given at the Multi-Purpose Digital ty of suspension bridges and vortex- tions and a Full-scale Three- Hall of the Tokyo Institute of Tech- induced vibration mitigation of steel story Steel Moment-resisting nology, the main venue of PSSC’19. arch and girder bridges. Fundamen- Frame under Cyclic Loading The lecture was delivered by four tal frequencies do not decrease rapid- world-renowned experts in the fields ly with the increase of span length of of building construction and civil en- cable-stayed bridges, and critical flut- Dr. Mitsumasa gineering from Pacific-rim nations in- ter speed is not so sensitive to span Midorikawa cluding Japan. length, which may support to make President, ational Research and Development Agency, In the delivery of the lecture, ad- further span length enlargement in the Building Research nstitute vanced and leading topics on the de- near future. sign and construction of steel-frame Long span suspension bridges have buildings and long-span steel bridges been identified with the most chal- When super-high-rise steel buildings were reported, an outline of which is lenging problem of aerodynamic in- suffer the long-period and long-du- introduced below: stability, and one of three kinds of ration (long-period/duration) earth- control measures, including stabiliz- quake ground motions, it is predicted ■ New Strategies for ers, slot and the combination of slot that they will undergo numerous cy- Sustainable Resilient and and stabilizer, has to be adopted for clic loadings than expected from the Structural Systems the span length over 1,500 m. Long conventional seismic design. Since span arch bridges and girder bridg- there was insufficient knowledge on es with steel box ribs or steel box the seismic performance and evalua- Professor erome girders may have vortex induced vi- tion method of super-high-rise steel F. ajjar bration problems due to bluff cross buildings under such many cyclic Department of Civil and section of ribs or girders, but aerody- Environmental Engineering, loadings, the joint research project in ortheastern niversity namic countermeasures and mechan- Japan was launched in 2010. ical TMD can help to mitigate VIV In this paper, presented are the tests performance. on steel beam-end welded connections In recent years, a new series of struc- and the test on a full-scale three-story tural systems has been developed for ■ Research on Seismic Design steel moment-resisting frame, which designing sustainable and resilient of Deep Wide-Flange Steel were performed in the project. The steel and composite steel/concrete Columns in the U.S. multilevel cyclic loading tests on the structural systems. beam-end connections were carried This paper summarizes research on out in order to establish the evaluation systems developed to reduce the energy, Professor Chia-Ming method of the cyclic deformation ca- pollution, and waste generated by con- Uang pacity of beam-end connections. The Department of Structural struction and use of buildings, including Engineering, niversity of multilevel cyclic loading test on the systems that enable Design for Decon- California, San Diego full-scale steel moment frame was struction and systems that break thermal performed in order to verify the seis- bridges in steel structures. mic performance of the steel frame Designers in high seismic regions in the and to confirm the validity of the frac- ■ Dynamic and Aerodynamic U.S. routinely use deep wide-flange col- ture evaluation formulae. From the Challenges of Long Span umns for Steel Special Moment Frame test results of the steel beam-end con- Steel Bridges design nowadays, a practice which de- nections and the full-scale steel mo- viates from that prior to the 1994 North- ment frame, the fracture evaluation ridge, California earthquake. formulae are proposed and verified in Professor Yaojun Ge This paper presents history of deep terms of the limit number of loading Department of Bridge column issues that first surfaced in cycles until the beam-end fracture for Engineering, SLDRC, Tongji niversity testing of moment connections, re- the seismic design of super-high-rise sults from a numerical simulation that steel buildings against the long-peri- led to a comprehensive NIST-spon- od/duration earthquake ground mo- sored research program involving cy- tions. ￭ With the formidable increase of span clic testing of more than 45 large-size length, dynamic and aerodynamic columns. Findings from this program (Source of the texts: Reprinted from the challenges of long span steel bridg- including implications to AISC Seis- abstract of respective papers delivered es have been presented in the aspects mic Provisions will be presented. by four lecturers at the Keynote Lecture)
9 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 Feature Article: PSSC’19 (3) Technical Session In the Technical Session of PSSC’19, a ing these devices were also proposed. Table 1 Sessions and umber of total of 228 papers were reported at 41 In this way, it was shown in the Techni- Papers Reported at PSSC 19 sessions. Table 1 shows the names of cal Session that R&D on response-con- umber the sessions and the number of papers trol devices is being actively promoted. Session in each session. (See Photo 1) of papers Because of the regional peculiarity Seismic Performance & Design 45 derived from the conference name- Session on Connections Pacific Structural Steel Conference In the Technical Session on Connec- Fatigue & Fracture 15 (PSSC), many papers were reported tions, 31 papers were presented, of High Performance Steel & 12 that treated the earthquake, and thus the which papers treating bolt joints ac- Special Materials number of papers on earthquakes pre- counted for a large share, but sever- Spatial Structure 7 sented in the Session on Seismic Per- al papers on welding joints were al- formance & Design was 45, the larg- so reported. The papers on bolt joints Connections 31 est in the Technical Session. Following included friction coefficients, bearing Design Concepts 16 this session, many papers were report- strength and other basic properties of ed in the Technical Session on Connec- bolt joints; research on bolt joints em- Structural System 13 tions, Design Concept and Fatigue & ploying new blind bolts and those func- Wind Effect 5 Fracture. tioning as a friction damper and pro- duced by the use of belleville springs; Buckling & Stability 14 Papers on Seismic Resistance a paper on beam-column joints; and the Bridge 10 In the field of seismic design, papers behavior of beam-column joints and Robustness, Redundancy & targeting building structures account- column-base connections during cyclic 3 ed for a large share. Regarding re- loading. Regarding the report on weld- Resilience search themes, a lot of research papers ing joints, a paper investigated the re- nspection & Monitoring 10 were reported that treated research on sidual stress of orthotropic steel decks the response-control device, the seis- for bridge. Construction 4 mic resistance of column-beam-brace In the Technical Session on Con- Applied & Computational 6 structural systems, the behavior of nections, a lot of research papers relat- Mechanics beam-column joints during cyclic load- ing to behavior during cyclic loading Composite Materials & Elements 13 ing and the seismic design of gymnasi- were reported with the target placed on um ceilings. the application of research results into Dampers & solators 6 In particular, regarding research on seismic design. Corrosion 4 response-control devices, the develop- ♦♦♦ ment of seismic-control devices with Active Q&A on the report of research pa- Welding 7 improved functions such as buckling- pers was held (Photo 2), and the two-day Fire Resistance 7 restrained braces, viscoelastic dampers Technical Session on the whole ended and friction dampers was introduced, successfully. ￭ Total 228 and seismic design methods employ-
Photo 1 Scene at Technical Session Photo 2 Active Q&A held
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 10 Feature Article: PSSC'19 (4) Technical Tour Construction is rapidly proceeding of var- are being constructed. directional steel trusses and is support- ious kinds of athletic stadiums and other First, the participants inspected the ed at four corners, where seismic isolators similar facilities ahead of the 2020 Tokyo Ariake Gymnastics Centre. Thanks to are installed between the roof and the core Olympic and Paralympic Games (Tokyo The Tokyo Organising Committee of the megastructure. The technical tour made by 2020). As one of the events involved in Olympic and Paralympic Games, an inte- comparing these structural systems was the PSSC (Pacific Structural Steel Con- rior inspection was possible, and the par- very interesting for the participants. ference) 2019 held in November 2019, ticipants were able to inspect the Centre in Lastly, the participants made an on- the Japanese Society of Steel Construc- the situation in which preparations are be- site visit to the renewal project for Root tion (JSSC) planned a technical tour that ing promoted for the first event there. For 1 Haneda Line (Higashi Shinagawa Sec- visited not only these stadiums and facili- the Ariake Gymnastics Centre, design is tion etc.) of the Metropolitan Expressway. ties but also the site of the renewal project made so that a beautiful large-span wood- In the project, existing viaducts are be- for the Metropolitan Expressway, a trunk en roof framing is realized employing a ing removed by providing temporary de- expressway network running in metropol- composite beam strings structural sys- tour roads with new expressways erected itan Tokyo and its neighboring areas. tem by the use of both beam strings struc- in their place. The renewal step of the ex- In conjunction with the main theme of ture and cantilever trusses. The interior in- pressway in service seemed complicated the Organized Session held on the final spection conducted was the best part for in terms of time-series basis, but the on- day of PSSC’19-”Toward 2020: State- the participants. (See Photo 1) site visit was instructive for the partici- of-the-Art Steel Structure Technologies Then, the participants visited the struc- pants because they could understand the for the Future of Tokyo,” a technical tour tural periphery of the Ariake Arena and the overall content of the renewal project by was made to the site of advanced construc- Olympic Aquatics Center while receiving inspecting the renewal conditions while tion projects on Monday 11 November, the explanations from the engineers involved walking on the expressway. (See Photo 2) day after the session. The total participants in structural design and construction. numbered 54, of which about a half were While the seismically-isolated roof fram- Significant Technical Tour overseas participants. On the tour day, ing with a large span surpassing 100×100 Because the engineers involved in con- while it looked like rain in the early morn- meters has been adopted for both facilities, struction attended at each site, active ing, it stopped raining when the tour started the framing plan and construction method Q&A were held and efficient site tours and was warm in the daytime, thereby of- differ from each other. Specifically, in the were accomplished in a shorter time. To fering a really fine day for the tour. Ariake Arena, roof framing is composed of that end, the current technical tour was one-way steel trusses arranged with a spac- assessed as a significant one. Major Inspection Sites ing of 6 meters and each truss is supported JSSC expresses its deep gratitude to The tour started from Shinagawa Station by seismic-isolation devices at both ends. those who made on-site preparations to and reached the Ariake area where Tokyo On the other hand, in the Olympic Aquat- accept the tour and gave technical expla- 2020-related facilities was completed or ics Center, roof structure consists of two- nations in spite of their tight schedules. ￭
Photo 1 Technical tour to Ariake Gymnastics Centre, one of major facilities for 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games
Photo 2 Technical tour to the renewal project for Route1 Haneda Line of Metropolitan Expressway
11 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 Feature Article: PSSC’19 (5) Corporate Exhibition Opening of Exhibition Booths Steel Corporation, Nippon Steel Corpo- Twenty-five corporations and one In order to introduce the latest steel ration, Nippon Steel Engineering Co., organization opened exhibition booths construction technologies in Japan to Ltd., Nippon Steel Metal Products Co., separately in front of the PSSC’s main overseas participants at PSSC’19, the Ltd., Tomoe Corporation, Okabe Co., venue and in the coffee-break room. A Japanese Society of Steel Construc- Ltd., Kyushu Daiichi Industry Co., Ltd., number of presenters visited the booths tion (JSSC) recommended to open ex- Hamanaka Nut Mfg. Co., Ltd., Progress between presentations, and many par- hibition booths at the PSSC’19 venue Technologies Inc., IHI Infrastructure Sys- ticipants dropped in at the booths on for structural design offices, gener- tems Co., Ltd., East Japan Railway Com- the way to make arrangements, which al contractors, steelmakers, structural pany, Metropolitan Expressway Com- resulted in a brisk exhibition. (See member makers, developers and infra- pany Limited, East Nippon Expressway Photos 4~5) structure operating companies/orga- Company Limited, Central Nippon Ex- In addition, exchanges between nizations with proven records in their pressway Company Limited, West Nip- neighboring booths were positively respective fields. At JSSC’s request, a pon Expressway Company Limited, SOF- promoted, and further it appeared that total of 25 corporations and 1 organi- Teck of Tokyo Institute of Technology exhibits were introduced between ex- zation opened exhibition booths. The hibiting companies and business cards specific exhibiting corporations and Successful Exhibitions were exchanged. Those who were in organizations were as follows: In the exhibition booths, steel con- charge of explanations at the booths struction technologies, steel structural gave some comments on the exhibi- Exhibiting Corporations and materials and typical construction proj- tions, such as: “At the two-day exhibi- Organizations ects employing these technologies and tion, we had the chance to deliberately Nikken Sekkei Ltd., ARUP, Mitsubishi materials were introduced, which were talk with people whom it is normal- Jisho Sekkei Inc., Kozo Keikaku Engi- original to each respective exhibiting ly difficult to meet even when visiting neering Inc., Obayashi Corporation, Ka- corporation and organization. Photos their companies.” As stated above, it jima Corporation, Kumagai Gumi Co., 1~3 show the exhibition booths and ex- was generally accepted that the corpo- Ltd., Shimizu Corporation, Taisei Cor- changes of views between PSSC par- rate exhibitions at PSSC’19 were suc- poration, Takenaka Corporation, JFE ticipants. cessful. ￭
Photos 1~3 Exhibition booths and exchanges of views between PSSC participants
Photos 4~5 Exhibition room and exhibitions
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 12 JSSC International Events 2019 China-Japan-Korea Tall Building Forum in Nara, Japan by Dr. Masayoshi Nakai, Director of CTBUH Japan Structures Committee, International Committee of Japanese Society of Steel Construction; Engineering Fellow, Engineering Department, Takenaka Corporation
The 6th China-Japan-Korea Tall Build- two tall buildings currently projected Mitsui Tower” using newly-developed ing Forum was held on July 5th 2019 in in Seoul. To conclude the morning ses- high-performance oil dampers with the an ancient city, Nara, Japan. This forum sion, Mr. Yoji Ishibashi from Mitsubi- world’s first energy recovery system, by was organized by CTBUH Japan Struc- shi Jisho Sekkei Inc. presented a per- which the energy absorption efficiency tures Committee, International Commit- formance-based seismic design of a 212 of the building can actually reach 4 times tee of the Japanese Society of Steel Con- m-high overhanging building tentatively that by conventional dampers. struction (JSSC) in collaborations with named “Tokiwabashi Tower-A” in which At the closing address, as the chair- China International Exchange Commit- the “Lower Stories Concentrated Vibra- man of CTBUH Japan Structures Com- tee for Tall Buildings and Korean Coun- tion Control System” using oil dampers mittee, Professor Emeritus Akira Wada at cil on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. and viscous wall dampers was installed. Tokyo Institute of Technology expressed The theme for this year’s forum was Meanwhile, the venue of forum, the deep gratitude to the gathering of many “Visiting Old, Learn New.” The opening “Todai-ji Cultural Center,” was locat- people and for a constructive meeting, addresses were given by Dr. Masayoshi ed in the ground of Todai-ji Temple so and this year’s forum being successful- Nakai as the director of CTBUH Japan that all participants visited Todai-ji Great ly completed. Structures Committee, Prof. Guoqiang Buddha Hall at lunch break. (Photo 1) (Refer to Photos 2~6) Li from Tongji University as the repre- In the afternoon session, Mr. Lishan Xu sentative of China and Prof. Myungsik from China Construction Third Engineer- Lee from Dongkkuk University as the ing Bureau Group CO., LTD. introduced representative of Korea. key construction technologies of “China Following the opening addresses, nine Zun” in Beijing, such as integrated con- presentations on the latest topics as sum- struction platform, the Jump-Lift Eleva- marized below were made from China, tor, temporary-and-permanent fire protec- Korea and Japan. At the same time, this tion system, BIM application and so on. event fostered animated and meaning- Prof. Hong-Gun Park from Seoul National ful discussions with more than 80 partic- University provided analytical and exper- ipants including 11 from China, 13 from imental studies on corner steel-plate-re- Korea, 1 from US and 1 from Singapore. inforced RC core wall system for high- rise buildings. Lastly, Mr. Takumi Tsushi Major Presentations in 2019 Forum from Takenaka Corporation presented a In the morning session, Prof. Xuhong structural design of a residential high-rise Photo 2 Forum information signboard Zhou from Chongqing University intro- building tentatively named “Toranomon duced the development of steel-tubed Hills Residential Tower” using the ultra- concrete structures, termed STRC and high strength 120-130 MPa concrete with STSRC, and their applications to several steel fibers and more than 750 vibration high-rise buildings in China. Dr. Kwan- control viscous and friction walls. gryang Chung from Dongyang Struc- After the coffee break, Mr. Lian- tural Engineers Co., Ltd. provided ana- jin Bao from East China Architectur- lytical studies and structural designs of al Design & Research Institute intro- outer mega braced frame systems for duced two supertall connected buildings currently projected in China and men- tioned their structural solutions and con- necting effects. Prof. Jinkoo Kim from Photo 3 More than 80 participants joined the forum Sungkyunkwan University provided the building damages due to Pohang earth- quake in 2017 and the following devel- opment of seismic retrofit devices such as corner rotational friction damper, steel slit damper, slit-friction hybrid damper and so on. The final presentation featured Mr. Takashi Kato from Kajima Corpora- tion, who presented a structural design Photo 1 Forum venue, Todai-ji Cultural Center of a 192 m-high building named “Hibiya Photo 4 Lecture delivery from Prof. Zhou
13 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 The first was the Horyu-ji Temple The central column disconnected which was established in the 7th century from wooden framework of pagoda be- and designated as World Heritage in 1993. comes an important model for vibra- The National Treasure, “Five-story Pago- tion control of recent high-rise structures da” in Horyu-ji Temple with a height of such as the “Tokyo Sky Tree.” 32.5 m is the world oldest five-story tim- In advance of this tour, Prof. Toshika- ber pagoda in existence. (Refer to Photo 7) zu Hanazato from Mie University made a The other was the Yakushi-ji Tem- lecture on the seismic and wind-resistant ple. The National Treasure, 34.1 m-high performances of five-story timber pago- “East Pagoda” in Yakushi-ji Temple das as one of his specialized researches. Photo 5 Closing address from Prof. Akira Wada built in the early 8th century is the tallest His kind support was greatly appreciated. three-story timber pagoda in designat- ♦♦♦♦♦ ed cultural property, and currently under In the end, we would like to express deep restoration work. Especially, participants gratitude to the Obayashi Foundation for were granted special access by Nara Pre- their grant, and to Nara Visitors Bureau fecture and Yakushi-ji Temple to visit the for their great support and cooperation restoration site of the “East Pagoda” and for this forum. see the ancient pagoda really up close. It The 7th China-Japan-Korea Tall was a valuable and memorable experi- Building Forum will be held in Nanjing ence for all delegates. (Refer to Photo 8) in September 2020. ￭
Photo 6 Participants to the forum
“Visiting Old, Learn New” On the next day after the forum, July 6th, approximately 40 delegates from China, Korea and Japan participated in a one- day tour to two ancient temples in Nara, following the theme of this forum “Visit- ing Old, Learn New.” Photo 7 “Five-story Pagoda” in Horyu-ji Temple Photo 8 The restoration site of “East Pagoda” in Yakushi-ji Temple The 2nd IABSE Young Engineers Colloquium in East Asia, Tokyo 2019 by Shunichi Nakamura, Tokai University, Vice President of IABSE The IABSE Young Engineers Colloqui- with much lower cost both in travel ex- Programs of 2nd IABSE Young um (YEC) in East Asia is jointly orga- penses and registration fees (about 1/10 Engineers Colloquium nized by the Japanese, Chinese, Korean of the conventional symposium). Fur- The program included the keynote lec- and Hong Kong Groups of IABSE. Fol- thermore, this event encourages young ture, the technical sessions and the de- lowing the 1st YEC held in October 2018 engineers to be more actively involved sign competition sessions. The keynote in Shanghai, the 2nd YEC was held on in IABSE activities. At this YEC Tokyo lecture, titled “Innovations for sustain- November 7-8, 2019 at Tokyo Institute there were 99 participants from not only able bridge construction,” was given by of Technology, Tokyo. Prof. Yozo Fuji- East Asia but also Europe and Southeast Dr. Akio Kasuga (Photo.2), an executive no (Chair of the Organizing Committee) Asia (Photo.1). vice president and CTO of Sumitomo made a welcome speech at the opening ceremony. The Japanese Society of Steel Construction (JSSC) serves as a secretar- iat of the Japanese Group of IABSE (In- ternational Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering). IABSE activities provide useful and educational opportunities for young en- gineers. YEC in East Asia was initiated so that young engineers can participate Photo 2 Keynote lecture by in these activities more conveniently Photo 1 Presenters and participants Dr. Akio Kasuga
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 14 Mitsui Construction. He has designed ribs (Photo 3) designed by the Tongji ects. The topics covered wide aspects more than 200 bridges and is currently University Team, Zhanhang Liu, Ao of structures: design and construc- deputy president of fib (Fédération inter- Wang and Lanxin Luo, China (Photo tion of bridges, buildings and tunnels, nationale du béton). The lecture shows a 4). The two runners-ups were the float- health monitoring, structural materials, way to sustainable bridge construction ing timber bridge designed by the Seoul design against winds and earthquakes, with non-metallic and long-life bridges. National University student, Rudolf T. fatigue and durability, and so on. Af- It was useful and educational for young Starossek, Korea, and the suspension ter presentations were finished in a ses- engineers. bridge with PC girders designed by the sion, all of the presenters were back on The design competition was held Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Team, stage and Q&A and discussions were for footbridges which was assumed Hoang Trong Khuyen, Rankoth Kuma- carried out between presenters and au- to cross over the Sumida River with ra Chamila and Enrique Corres Sojo, dience, which was very active (Photo.5). a river width of 160 m. Various types Japan (Photo 4). The Outstanding Presentation Awards of bridges were proposed such as sus- At the technical sessions, a total of were conferred to three presenters pension bridges, arch bridges, truss 42 young engineers (15 from Japan, 21 (Photo 6): Ms. Dorina Siebert (Tech- bridges, floating bridges with different from China, and 1 from Korea, 2 from nical University of Munich, Germany), construction materials such as steel, Hong Kong, 1 from Thailand, 1 from Ms. Sanako Kato (Gifu University, Ja- concrete and timber. The first place of Viet Nam and 1 from Germany) pre- pan) and Mr. Biao Tan (Tongji Univer- the Design Award was conferred to a sented interesting research papers and sity, China). stress-ribbon bridge stiffened with arch technical reports of construction proj- The technical boat tour was carried out to see bridges over the Sumida Riv- er in the afternoon on the second day (Photo 7).
3rd IABSE Young Engineers Col- loquium The 3rd IABSE Young Engineers Collo- quium in East Asia will be held at Seoul National University, Korea, on 11 and 12 November 2020. ￭
Photo 3 The First Place Footbridge of Design Competition
First Place Team Runners-up Runners-up Team Photo 4 Winners of design competition Photo 6 Awarded Three Outstanding Presenters
Photo 7 Bridge boat tour on the Sumida River
Photo 5 Discussion with presenters and audience
15 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 Special Article: Stainless Steel 268 Orchard Road -Stainless Steel Glass Box Façade- by Tomomi Kanemitsu, Hidemi Nakashima and Masaki Yamada, Shimizu Corporation
Introduction Building façades are important as- pect from the design standpoint. Glasses are often used for expressing transparency of the façades. In Sin- gapore, a commercial building with a large glass box façade was complet- ed in 2015 (Photo 1). The façade con- sists of three boxes with glass roofs and glass walls. The frames support- ing the glasses are made of stain- less steel. They are formed of slender members and neat joints and fabri- cated by digital technology. The fa- Photo 1 Exterior and interior views çade design concept of transparency is realized by the glasses and special frames with its material, structural members of the tension net can be of the strings and the rings, only ten- system and digital fabrication. slender. sile force is considered, therefore, The wall structure is formed by the the members can be slender. Structural Design columns, the horizontal beams, the The material of the members of the The building has twelve stories with struts, the bow strings and the wall glass boxes is stainless steel. Selec- 72 m height and one basement. The support rings (Fig. 3). In the design tion of material is based on the design building consists of a three-stepped main structure, façades and a front Fig. 1 Outline of Front Fa ade 33.3 m entrance with a canopy. The glass 22.9 m box is formed of plate glasses sup- Cantilever ported on the stainless steel lattice slab 11th floor 11 m frame (Fig. 1). 23.4 m The roof structure is formed by the 9th floor lattice frame, the struts and the net 7th floor 11 m structure. The cross sections of the 5th floor 76.04 m lattice frame, the struts and the ten- 3rd floor 23.4 m sion net are the v-shaped section, the pipe section and the circular section 16.5 m (rod) respectively (Fig. 2). In the de- sign of the tension net, only tensile force is considered, therefore, the 7th floor plan
Fig. 2 Vertical Load Resistant Mechanism Fig. 3 orizontal Load Resistant Mechanism A 80 80 80 y Fixed on main structure 13.25 A 195 x A x 150 150 Roof beam (Lattice frame) Tension y 1 Self-weight and 1 Column* Horizontal Beam* A 1 wind load (downward) beam* Wall support ring Compression 2 Wind load (Rod Φ 30* ) Strut P-60.3×2.77*1 Wind load (Positive) (Negative) Tension Bow string (Rod Φ 20*2) A-A section Rod Φ 30*2 Tension net A-A section *1 SUS316LN *2 SUS2205 Duplex *1 SUS316LN *2 SUS2205 Duplex
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 16 concept of structural safety, corro- • Jointing works in the construction es deform by pre-tensioning. There- sion resistance and construction per- field are easy; fore, the glasses are installed after formance. The materials with both • The appearances of the joints meet pre-tensioning. The self-weight of high strength and high corrosion re- the design concept of transparency the glasses deflects the roof frames sistance are used in the main struc- The flexible stiffnesses of the downward. The downward deflec- tural members considering reduction joints are designed through buckling tion needs to be managed for pro- of the sizes of the cross sections and analysis. viding drainage slope of the roof sustainability. surface. The dimensional accura- Photos 2 and 3 are examples of Construction cy of the members and the joints af- the frame joints. In the design of the The strength and the stiffness of fects the erection accuracy. From the joints, the followings are consid- the glass box structures depend on above, the management of pre-ten- ered: pre-tension values installed into the sioning and the dimensional accura- • The structures of the glass boxes are members of the tension structures. cy is critical in the construction pro- stable in strength and in stiffness; The frames supporting the glass- cess. Processes in the shop fabrication are mainly machining and assem- bling by welding. Shop drawings are produced using 3-dimensional CAD. Digital data of the shop drawings are transmitted directly to machining fa- cilities (Fig. 4). Critical control points of welding are as follows: • Select appropriate welding meth- ods including selection of welding material; • Select certified skilled welders; (a) pward view (b) Downward view • Conduct appropriate inspections in Photo 2 Joint of roof beam the welding process Especially for site welding, ma- ny welding tests simulating the actu- al conditions of the construction site are performed (Fig. 5). ￭
Photo 3 Joint of tension rod
Fig. 4 Digital Fabrication Fig. 5 Welding Management Design Machining Measurement
BIM 3D printing Laser cutting Measurement by 3D scanner
(a) Shop welding test (b) Ultrasonic test Measurement by 3D scanner Cutting work
Temporary assembly
Facing (c) Field welding test *Finishing is done after welding.
17 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow April 2020 Kamihirai Flood Gate -Retrofitting by the Use of Alloy-saving Duplex Stainless Steel- by Yuji Shuto, IHI Infrastructure Systems Co., Ltd.
The Kamihirai flood gate, located at the juncture of the Nakagawa River and the Outline of Renewal Project Outline of Flood Gate Project owner Tokyo Metropolitan Type Pipe ierendeel-structure steel roller Ayase River in the suburbs of Tokyo, was Government gate completed in 1970 to prevent the running- Project name Seismic retrofitting of o. of gate 4 Kamihirai flood gate Span length 30.000 m up of high tides. In the current retrofitting Scope of work Gate structure, gate stop, Gate height 11.100 m project, the flood gate is entirely renewed opening closing device, Lift 8.900 m during operation, 9.700 m operation control during maintenance inspection and seismically retrofitted so that the gate equipment, operation bridge Water seal system Both-side three edges can retain its function as a flood gate and Location Katsushika-ku, Tokyo rubber seal prevent inundation due to tsunamis even Total weight 2,150 tons Opening closing system 1-motor, 2-drum wire rope winch system in cases when the possible maximum- (attached with self-weight closing function scale earthquake will occur. (See Photo 1) than that of ordinary carbon steel (SS400 by means of hydraulic control) Opening closing speed The flood gate adopts a pipe Vierend- steel for general structure+coating) hav- 1.0 m min eel-type structure, the only such example ing the lowest initial cost. 3.3 m min (high speed) and 1.0 m min in Japan, and in its retrofitting project, an (low speed) during self-weight closing identical type is adopted. Manufacture of Gate Structures The temporary assembly of the gate struc- girder side) is adopted, temporary assem- Outline of Gate Structures ture is commonly undertaken setting the bly is undertaken setting the skin plate to Alloy-saving duplex stainless steel (JIS skin plate to the upper side. Because a the lower side and the arch girder to the SUS323L) was adopted as the structural special structural system called the pipe upper side (Photo 2). member for the gate structure in the cur- Vierendeel structure (arch girder for the (Continued overleaf) rent retrofitting project. Because the flood gate is located in a brackish water zone, it is required for the structural member for use for flood gate to possess pitting cor- rosion resistance. Alloy-saving duplex stainless steel offers high performance- the steel has pitting corrosion resis- tance higher than that of SUS316L and a strength about twice that of SUS316, and in addition its cost is lower than SUS316. Another advantage brought about by the use of alloy-saving duplex stainless steel is no need for coating in practical applications. It is known from compar- ison study results that, when a 50-year life cycle is taken into account, the life- cycle cost of this stainless steel is better Photo 1 Full view of the flood gate before retrofitting (from upper stream side)
Fig. 1 Three-dimensional Model of Gate Structure
Photo 2 Temporary assembly at fabrication plant
April 2020 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 18 On-site Installation • Removal of Operation Bridges • Installation of Gate Structures The retrofitting project is proceeding in In the removal of operation bridges, the The gate structure is carried on to the accordance with the following installa- entire operation bridge structure is hung site by dividing the total structure to 10 tion plan. Specifically, each one of a total out by means of a co-hoisting method blocks on skin plate side, 3 blocks of of 4 gates is installed throughout the year using two 200-ton hoisting crane barg- arch girders and arch supporting mem- in a dried environment using steel tem- es and without dividing the operating bers depending on the transport condi- porary cofferdams while making possi- bridge structure (Photo 3). tion. Photo 4 shows the present renewal ble the operation of 3 gates in flood sea- conditions. ￭ son and 2 gates in the non-flood season.
Photo 3 Removal of operation bridge Photo 4 Current on-site condition
JSSC International Committee Message from Chairman by Hiroshi Katsuchi, Chairman, International Committee (Professor, Yokohama National University) JSSC has conducted tion of No. 59 issue. in July, and the 2nd IABSE Young En- a wide range of ac- No. 59 issue introduces 2019 JSSC gineers Colloquium in East Asia held in tivities in the form of commendations for outstanding achieve- Tokyo in November. In particular, the survey, research and ment in steel construction and thesis. In Young Engineers Colloquium organized technological devel- addition, this issue features reports of the not only technical presentations but al- opment aimed at pro- 12th Pacific Structural Steel Conference so bridge design competition for the first moting the spread of (PSSC) held on November 9 to 11 in To- time. Construction reports of a new com- steel construction and at improving as- kyo. It followed the last PSSC in 2016 mercial complex “268 Orchard Road” sociated technologies, and at the same in China and this time was organized by in Singapore and flood gate seismic re- time it has extended cooperation to re- JSSC. As reported inside, it was very inforcement using duplex stainless steel lated overseas organizations. Aimed at successful with more than 300 partici- are also included. spreading steel construction technolo- pants from 21 countries. JSSC also or- Finally, we would like everyone to gies of Japan and developing overseas ganized two other international activi- continuously understand for activities markets, the International Committee of ties in 2019. Those are the Tall Building of JSSC and we would also like to hear the Japanese Society of Steel Construc- Forum of the Council on Tall Building your opinions at any time. ￭ tion (JSSC) was responsible for the edi- and Urban Habitat held in Nara, Japan
STEEL CONSTRUCTION TODAY TOMORROW © 2020 The Japan Iron and Steel Federation/Japanese Society of Steel Construction it u ish oi t Committee on Overseas Market Promotion The apan Iron and Steel Federation The apan Iron and Steel Federation Chairman (Editor) Kazuhito Tsujimoto 3-2-10, ihonbashi Kayabacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0025, Japan Phone 81-3-3669-4815 Fax 81-3-3667-0245 Published three times per year, STEEL CO STRUCTIO TODAY RL http www.jisf.or.jp en index.html TOMORROW is circulated to interested persons, companies and public organizations to promote a better understanding of steel products and their apanese Society of Steel Construction application in the construction industry. Any part of this publication may be 3F Aminosan Kaikan Building, 3-15-8 ihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan reproduced with our permission. To download content (PDF format), please go Phone 81-3-3516-2151 Fax 81-3-3516-2152 our website at http www.jisf.or.jp en activitity sctt index.html. We welcome your RL http www.jssc.or.jp english index.html comments about the publication and ask that you contact us at sunpou jisf.or.jp.