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Redalyc.Morfología De Los Granos De Polen De La Familia Cucurbitaceae

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Redalyc.Morfología De Los Granos De Polen De La Familia Cucurbitaceae Polibotánica ISSN: 1405-2768 [email protected] Departamento de Botánica México Quiroz García, David Leonor; Hernández, Cecilia Leticia; Arreguín Sánchez, María de la Luz Morfología de los granos de polen de la familia Cucurbitaceae del estado de Querétaro, México Polibotánica, núm. 16, noviembre, 2003, pp. 29-47 Departamento de Botánica Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=62101602 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Núm.16, pp.29-48, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2003 MORFOLOGÍA DE LOS GRANOS DE POLEN DE LA FAMILIA CUCURBITACEAE DEL ESTADO DE QUERÉTARO, MÉXICO* David Leonor Quiroz García** Cecilia Leticia Hernández María de la Luz Arreguín Sánchez** Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Plan de Ayala y Carpio, Col. Santo Tomás 11340, México, DF, México E-mail: [email protected] * Proyecto apoyado por la Dirección de Estudios Profesionales e Investigación del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Clave 931321 ** Becarios de la Comisión de Operaciones y Fomento de Actividades Académicas RESUMEN puede ser equinada o reticulada. La morfología de polen tiene valor taxonómico Se estudia e ilustra la morfología polínica de para definir géneros y en ocasiones once géneros y trece especies de la familia especies. Cucurbitaceae del estado de Querétaro. Los taxa incluidos son: Apodanthera aspera Palabras clave: Cucurbitaceae, polen, Cogn., Cucumis melo L., Cucurbita Apodanthera, Cucumis, Cucurbita, foetidissima HBK., Echinopepon coulteri Echinopepon, Ibervillea, Microsechium, (A. Gray)Rose, E. gemellus (DC.)A.K. Momordica, Schizocarpum, Sechiopsis, Monro & Staff., E. racemosus (Steud.)C. Sechium, Sicyos. Jeffrey, Ibervillea lindheimeri (Gray)Greene, Microsechium helleri (Peyr.)Cong., ABSTRACT Momordica charantia L., Schizocarpum reflexum Rose, Sechiopsis triquetra Naud, The pollen of 11 genera and 13 species of Sechium composita (Donn. Sm.)Standl. & Cucurbitaceae from the state of Queretaro Steyermark y Sicyos parviflorus Willd. Las is described and illustrated. The taxa in- observaciones de los granos de polen se cluded are: Apodanthera aspera Cogn., realizaron con microscopio de luz (ML) y Cucumis melo L., Cucurbita foetidissima microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB). HBK., Echinopepon coulteri (A. Gray)Rose, E. gemellus (DC.)A.K. Monro En la familia Cucurbitaceae los granos de & Staff., E. racemosus (Steud.)C. Jeffrey, polen son variables en tamaño, forma y Ibervillea lindheimeri (A. Gray) Greene, características de la exina. Con base en las Microsechium helleri (Peyr.)Cogn., aberturas se pudieron distinguir seis Momordica charantia L., Schizocarpum tipos de polen: triporados, pantoporados, reflexum Rose, Sechiopsis triquetra Naud., tricolporoidados, tricolporados, zono- Sechium composita (Donn. Sm.)Standl. & colpados y pantorugate. La ornamentación Steyermark y Sicyos parviflorus Willd. Ob- 29 Núm. 16:29-48 Noviembre 2003 servations of pollen grains were carried out Sicyoeae). Posteriormente (Jeffrey, 1990) under light microscopy (LM) and scanning realiza algunos ajustes a la segregación de electron microscopy (SEM). tribus y subtribus de la familia, fusiona a las tribus Cyclanthereae y Sicyoeae en la In the family Cucurbitaceae pollen grains are Sicyeae con dos subtribus la Cyclantherinae variable in size, shape and exine characteris- y la Sicyinae, conservando las seis tribus tics. Six pollen types can be distinguished restantes. based on the apertures: triporate, pantoporate, tricolporoidate, tricolporate, En Querétaro, México, la familia zonocolpate and pantorugate. Ornamentation Cucurbitaceae está representada por 13 can be echinate or reticulate. Pollen morphol- géneros y 15 especies (Argüelles et al., ogy has considerable taxonomic value in 1991). A nivel genérico, se sigue la defining genera and sometimes species. clasificación de Jeffrey (1990). Para el género Echinopepon se considera la segregación Key words: Cucurbitaceae, pollen, taxonómica propuesta por Rodríguez & Lira Apodanthera, Cucumis, Cucurbita, (en prensa). Echinopepon, Ibervillea, Microsechium, Momordica, Schizocarpum, Sechiopsis, En el aspecto palinológico, la familia Sechium, Sicyos. cucurbitácea ha sido estudiada por diversos autores entre los que se encuentra Erdtman INTRODUCCIÓN (1952) que revisa material polínico de 26 géneros y 30 especies de esta familia. Las Cucurbitaceae están representadas por Marticorena (1963) en un trabajo preliminar alrededor de 100 géneros y 850 especies, de encaminado a la elaboración de una distribución pantropical y subtropical, del monografía del polen de las Cucurbitaceae viejo y nuevo mundo (Lawrence, 1969). La a nivel mundial, menciona algunas mayor parte de las especies de esta familia características de los granos de polen de se distinguen por su hábito postrado o 103 géneros y 202 especies. Keraudren- trepador. Aymonin et al. (1969) estudian los granos de polen de las Cucurbitaceae de la flora Las Cucurbitaceae fueron subdivididas por Madagassica et Mascarenica. Huang (1972) Pax (1889, en Lawrence, 1969) en cinco describe los granos de polen de 10 géneros subfamilias (Fevilleae, Melothrieae, y 16 especies de la flora de Taiwan. Ayala- Cucurbiteae, Sicyoideae y Cyclanthereae), Nieto et al. (1988) estudian la morfología con la primera dividida en cuatro tribus, la del polen de 16 géneros y 23 especies de segunda en cinco tribus y la tercera en cucurbitáceas de la Península de Yucatán, cuatro tribus. México. Shridhar & Singh (en Bates et al., 1990) resumen las características de los En épocas más recientes Jeffrey (1980) ha granos de polen de 34 géneros y 69 especies dividido a la familia en dos subfamilias: de Cucurbitaceae presentes en la India. Zanonioideae con una tribu (Zanonieae) y Palacios-Chávez et al. (1991) estudian los Cucurbitoideae con ocho tribus (Melothrieae, granos de polen de cinco géneros y seis Schizopeponeae, Joliffieae, Trichosantheae, especies de esta familia en Sian Ka´an, Benincaseae, Cucurbiteae, Cyclanthereae y Quintana Roo, México. Roubik & Moreno 30 D. Leonor Quiroz, et al.: Morfología de los granos de polen de la familia Cucurbitaceae, Querétaro, México (1991) describen la morfología polínica de Cuando los ejemplares de Querétaro no ocho géneros y 15 especies de la familia presentaban flores, las muestras polínicas Cucurbitaceae de Barro Colorado, Panamá. se obtuvieron de ejemplares colectados en Palacios-Chávez et al. (1995) describen e otros estados del país previa corroboración ilustran los granos de polen de cinco de la identificación de los mismos. El polen géneros y once especies de las Cucur- fue tratado con la técnica de acetólisis de bitaceae del Valle de México, México. Erdtman (1943) para las observaciones al microscopio de luz (ML). Para las Otros autores que han descrito el polen de observaciones al microscopio electrónico algunos géneros de la familia Cucurbitaceae de barrido (MEB) se utilizó polen sin son: Pla (1961), Kapp (1969), Heusser (1971), acetolizar recubierto con oro para su estudio Alvarado et al. (1992), Lira et al. (1997), en el microscopio JEOL-35CF. Las Rodríguez & Palacios-Chávez (1998). preparaciones palinológicas se encuentran depositadas en la palinoteca de la Escuela METODOLOGÍA Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Las muestras de polen fueron tomadas de los La terminología seguida en las descripciones ejemplares depositados en el herbario de la es básicamente la de Ertman (1952), se Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas consultó además el trabajo de Punt et al. (ENCB) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. (1994). Clave para la separación de géneros y especies de la familia Cucurbitaceae 1. Polen porado, equinado o reticulado .................................................................................. 2 2. Polen triporado, reticulado, oblato .............................................................. Cucumis melo 2 a. Polen pantoporado, equinado .................................................................................... 3 3. Polen de 72-144 µm de diámetro, exina de 2.4 µm de grosor ....Cucurbita foetidissima 3a. Polen de 44-110 µm de diámetro, exina de 1.9 µm de grosor .................................... .........................................................................................................Schizocarpus reflexus 1a. Polen zonocolpado, tricolporoidado, tricolporado, rugate, equinado o reticulado....... 4 4. Polen tricolporoidado, tricolporado, reticulado ......................................................... 5 5. Polen heterobrocado ................................................................................................. 6 6. Polen tricolporado, prolato esferoidal de 24-60 x 30-52 µm...................................... .....................................................................................................Ibervillea lindhermeri 6a. Polen tricolporoidado, subprolato de 55-68 x 40-57 µm ...................................... ....................................................................................................Apodanthera aspera 5a. Polen homobrocado, suboblato de 45-60 x 56-69 µm .............................................. ....................................................................................................Momordica charantia 4a. Polen zonocolpado,
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