Felger, R.S., S. Rutman, J. Malusa, and T.R. Van Devender. 2013. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: A flora of southwestern Arizona: Part 2. The checklist. Phytoneuron 2013-27: 1–30. Published 9 April 2013. ISSN 2153 733X
AJO PEAK TO TINAJAS ALTAS: A FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA PART 2. THE CHECKLIST
RICHARD STEPHEN FELGER Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected] & Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165 Tucson, Arizona 85717 *author for correspondence
SUSAN RUTMAN 90 West 10th Street Ajo, Arizona 85321
JIM MALUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected]
THOMAS R. VAN DEVENDER Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165 Tucson, Arizona 85717 [email protected] & Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721
ABSTRACT A checklist is provided for the modern and fossil vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona. The modern flora includes 741 native and non-native taxa. The fossil record includes more than 219 species documented by specimens recovered from packrat ( Neotoma spp.) middens spanning the last 43,000+ years. An additional checklist is provided for the approximately 135 taxa restricted to higher-elevation mountains in Organ Pipe Cactus NM. This article is the second contribution for our flora of southwestern Arizona.
KEY WORDS : Sonoran Desert, vascular plant flora, Arizona, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Tinajas Altas, deep history, non-native species, desert sky islands
This article provides a checklist for the vascular plant flora of the three contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona—the heart of the Sonoran Desert (Figure 1). These three entities encompass 514,242 hectares (1,270,700 acres), approximately 5141 km 2 (1985 mi 2). This listing includes the modern flora documented by botanists as well as the fossil record based on specimens collected and curated by packrats (Neotoma sp.). The modern flora includes at least 741 Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 2
Figure 1. Map of the flora area in southwestern Arizona. Map created by Ami Pate of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 3
native and non-native taxa and is specimen-based. The fossil record includes more than 219 species documented by specimens recovered from packrat ( Neotoma spp.) middens spanning the last 43,000+ years (43,000 ybp to modern times). Van Devender sampled and studied numerous middens across the flora area at 240–975 m (787–3200 ft) elevation (see Felger et al. 2012a, 2013). Following the full checklist of the three protected areas is a checklist of approximately 135 taxa restricted to the Ajo Mountains and other higher mountains in Organ Pipe, most of which are essentially desert sky island populations.
Synonyms are provided and cross-indexed only for taxonomic changes not shown in the more detailed checklist of the modern flora of the area published in Canotia (Felger et al. 2012b), and additional taxonomic updates can be expected in forthcoming floristic treatments of our flora. Family designations follow APG III. Non-native plants established as reproducing populations in the flora area are indicated with an asterisk (*) and non-native species not established as reproducing populations are marked with two asterisks (**). Present-day taxa also known from the fossil record are indicated with a dagger symbol (†), and those no longer present in the flora area are indicated with two daggers (††). Some fossils not identifiable to species are shown with dagger symbols and a question mark (††?); these include ones identifiable only to genus, or a species group, or one of two species, and may be the same as modern taxa or ones no longer present in the flora area. These same symbols will be used throughout forthcoming contributions to our flora of the three protected areas in southwestern Arizona. The individual taxonomic complexities including the fossil specimens will be discussed and interpreted in the species accounts in forthcoming contributions.
This article is the second contribution for our flora in southwestern Arizona (Felger et al. 2013). The first article in this series includes maps and brief descriptions of the physical, biological, ecologic, floristic, and deep history makeup of the flora area. Considerable additional background information can be found in web sites for Organ Pipe and Cabeza Prieta, e.g., Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (2011) and Slone (2011). This flora will be published in segments in forthcoming articles in Phytoneuron and will also be posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ).
MODERN AND FOSSIL TAXA IN ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, CABEZA PRIETA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, AND THE TINAJAS ALTAS REGION
PTERIDOPHYTES
MARSILEACEAE Marsilea vestita Hooker & Greville
PTERIDACEAE Argyrochosma limitanea (Maxon) Windham subsp. limitanea Astrolepis cochisensis (Goodding) D.M. Benham & Windham Astrolepis sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) D.M. Benham & Windham subsp. sinuata Bommeria hispida (Mettenius ex Kuhn) Underwood Cheilanthes lindheimeri Hooker Cheilanthes parryi (D.C. Eaton) Domin Cheilanthes villosa Davenport ex Maxon Cheilanthes wrightii Hooker Cheilanthes yavapensis T. Reeves ex Windham Notholaena californica D.C. Eaton subsp. californica Notholaena standleyi Maxon Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 4
Pellaea truncata Goodding Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulfuss) Yatskievych et al. var. maxonii (Weatherby) Yatskievych et al.
LYCOPODS
SELAGINELLACEAE †Selaginella arizonica Maxon Selaginella eremophila Maxon
GYMNOSPERMS
CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus arizonica R.P. Adams ††Juniperus californica Carrière ††Juniperus cf. osteosperma (Torrey) Little ††Juniperus scopulorum Sargent
EPHEDRACEAE †Ephedra aspera Engelmann ex S. Watson [E. fasciculata A. Nelson]
PINACEAE ††Pinus edulis Engelmann var. fallax Little
MAGNOLIIDS
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia watsonii Wooton & Standley
SAURURACEAE Anemopsis californica (Nuttall) Hooker & Arnott
EUDICOTS
ACANTHACEAE Anisacanthus thurberi (Torrey) A. Gray Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) de Jussieu Justicia californica (Bentham) D.N. Gibson †Justicia candicans (Nees) L.D. Benson Justicia longii Hilsenbeck Ruellia nudiflora (Engelmann & A. Gray) Urban
ADOXACEAE **Sambucus cerulea Rafinesque
AIZOACEAE *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Linnaeus *Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Linnaeus Trianthema portulacastrum Linnaeus
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 5
AMARANTHACEAE (includes Chenopodiaceae) *Amaranthus albus Linnaeus Amaranthus crassipes Schlechtendahl var. crassipes †Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torrey) Bentham ex S. Watson †Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson Amaranthus ×tucsonensis Henrickson ††?Amaranthus sp./spp. †Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall subsp. canescens ††Atriplex confertifolia (Torrey & Frémont) S. Watson †Atriplex elegans (Moquin-Tandon) D. Dietrich Atriplex lentiformis (Torrey) S. Watson subsp. lentiformis Atriplex linearis S. Watson Atriplex pacifica A. Nelson †Atriplex polycarpa (Torrey) S. Watson **Bassia hyssopifolia (Pallas) Kuntze *Chenopodium murale Linnaeus Chenopodium watsonii A. Nelson ††?Froelichia sp. Gomphrena sonorae Torrey Monolepis nuttalliana (Schultes) Greene Nitrophila occidentalis (Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson *Salsola tragus Linnaeus Suaeda nigra (Rafinesque) J.F. Macbride Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nuttall) Standley subsp. eliassoniana Sánchez-del Pino & Flores Olvera
ANACARDIACEAE †Rhus aromatica Aiton var. trilobata (Nuttall) A. Gray ex S. Watson ††Rhus cf. aromatica Rhus kearneyi F.A. Barkley subsp. kearneyi
APIACEAE Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pavón †Daucus pusillus Michaux Eryngium nasturtiifolium de Jussieu ex F. Delaroche Lomatium nevadensis (S. Watson) Coulter & Rose Spermolepis lateriflora G.L. Nesom [S. echinata (Nuttall) A. Heller, in part] Yabea microcarpa (Hooker & Arnott) Koso-Poljanski
APOCYNACEAE (includes Asclepiadaceae) †Asclepias albicans S. Watson Asclepias erosa Torrey Asclepias linaria Cavanilles Asclepias nyctaginifolia A. Gray Asclepias subulata Decaisne Funastrum hartwegii (Vail) Schlechter Haplophyton cimicidum A. de Candolle Matelea cordifolia Woodson Matelea parvifolia (Torrey) Woodson Metastelma arizonicum A. Gray
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 6
ASTERACEAE Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus (Harvey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. sphaerocephalus Acourtia nana (A. Gray) Reveal & R.M. King Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) Reveal & R.M. King Adenophyllum porophylloides (A. Gray) Strother Ageratina paupercula (A. Gray) R.M. King & H. Robinson Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cavanilles) W.W. Payne †Ambrosia confertiflora de Candolle Ambrosia cordifolia (A. Gray) W.W. Payne †Ambrosia deltoidea (Torrey) W.W. Payne †Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) W.W. Payne Ambrosia dumosa × A. ilicifolia †Ambrosia ilicifolia (A. Gray) W.W. Payne Ambrosia monogyra (Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray) Strother & B.G. Baldwin †Ambrosia salsola (Torrey & A. Gray) Strother & B.G. Baldwin var. pentalepis (Rydberg) Strother & B.G. Baldwin Arida arizonica, see Leucosyris arida Arida carnosa, see Leucosyris carnosa Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus †Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. albula (Wooton) D.D. Keck ††Artemisia tridentata Nuttall complex Baccharis brachyphylla A. Gray Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavón) Persoon Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray †Bahiopsis parishii (Greene) E.E. Schilling & Panero Baileya multiradiata Harvey & A. Gray Baileya pleniradiata Harvey & A. Gray †Bebbia juncea (Bentham) Greene var. aspera Greene †Brickellia atractyloides A. Gray var. atractyloides Brickellia californica (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray †Brickellia coulteri A. Gray var. coulteri Brickellia frutescens A. Gray ††?Brickellia sp. ††Calycoseris parryi A. Gray Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray **Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus *Centaurea melitensis Linnaeus †Chaenactis carphoclinia A. Gray var. carphoclinia †Chaenactis stevioides Hooker & Arnott ††Chrysothamnus teretifolius (Durand & Hilgard) H.M. Hall ††?Chrysothamnus sp. †Cirsium neomexicanum A Gray Diaperia verna (Rafinesque) Morefield var. verna Dietera asteroides Torrey var. glandulosa (B.L. Turner) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman Eclipta prostrata (Linnaeus) Linnaeus †Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torrey Encelia farinosa × E. frutescens Encelia frutescens (A. Gray) A. Gray †Ericameria cuneata (A. Gray) McClatchie var. spathulata (A. Gray) H.M. Hall †Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners *Erigeron canadensis Linnaeus Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 7
Erigeron lobatus A. Nelson Eriophyllum lanosum (A. Gray) A. Gray Gaillardia arizonica A. Gray Gamochaeta stagnalis (I.M. Johnston) Anderberg †Geraea canescens Torrey & A. Gray Gutierrezia arizonica (A. Gray) M.A. Lane †Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby †Gymnosperma glutinosum (Sprengel) Lessing **Helianthus annuus Linnaeus Helianthus niveus (Bentham) Brandegee subsp. tephrodes (A. Gray) Heiser ††?Heterotheca sp. Hymenothrix wislizenii A. Gray Hymenoxys odorata de Candolle Isocoma acradenia (Greene) Greene var. acradenia Koanophyllon palmeri (A. Gray) R.M. King & H. Robinson *Lactuca serriola Linnaeus Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom Leucosyris arida (B.L. Turner & D.B. Horne) Pruski & R.L. Hartman [Arida arizonica (R.C. Jackson & R.R. Johnson) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman] Leucosyris carnosa (A. Gray) Greene [Arida carnosa (A. Gray) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman] Logfia arizonica (A. Gray) Holub Logfi depressa (A. Gray) Holub Logfia filaginoides (Hooker & Arnott) Morefield Machaeranthera tagetina Greene Malacothrix fendleri A. Gray Malacothrix glabrata (A. Gray ex D.C. Eaton) A. Gray Malacothrix sonorae W.S. Davis & P.H. Raven Monoptilon bellioides (A. Gray) H.M. Hall *Oncosiphon piluliferum (Linnaeus f.) Källersjö Packera quercetorum (Greene) C. Jeffrey Palafoxia arida B.L. Turner & M.I. Morris var. arida Parthenice mollis A. Gray Pectis cylindrica (Fernald) Rydberg Pectis linifolia Linnaeus var. linifolia Pectis papposa Harvey & A. Gray var. papposa Perityle ajoensis T.K. Todsen †Perityle emoryi Torrey ††?Perityle sp. †Peucephyllum schottii A. Gray Pleurocoronis laphamioides (Rose) R.M. King & H. Robinson Pleurocoronis pluriseta (A. Gray) R.M. King & H. Robinson †?Pleurocoronis sp. Pluchea odorata (Linnaeus) Cassini var. odorata †Porophyllum gracile Bentham Prenanthella exigua (A. Gray) Rydberg Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torrey) A. Gray Pseudognaphalium canescens (de Candolle) Anderberg Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) Greene Rafinesquia californica Nuttall †Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 8
Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. monoensis (Greene) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkley Senecio lemmonii A. Gray Senecio mohavensis A. Gray *Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill subsp. asper *Sonchus oleraceus Linnaeus Stephanomeria exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torrey) Nelson Stephanomeria schottii (A. Gray) A. Gray Stylocline gnaphaloides Nuttall Stylocline micropoides A. Gray Tessaria sericea (Nuttall) Shinners [Pluchea sericea (Nuttall) Coville] †Thymophylla concinna (A. Gray) Strother Thymophylla pentachaeta (de Candolle) Small var. belenidium (de Candolle) Strother Townsendia annua Beaman Trichoptilium incisum (A. Gray) A. Gray †Trixis californica Kellogg var. californica Uropappus lindleyi (de Candolle) Nuttall **Verbesina encelioides (Cavanilles) Bentham f. & Hooker ex A. Gray Xanthisma gracile (Nuttall) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman †Xanthisma spinulosus (Pursh) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman var. gooddingii (A. Nelson) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman Zinnia acerosa (de Candolle) A. Gray
BERBERIDACEAE †Berberis haematocarpa Wooton Berberis harrisoniana Kearney & Peebles ††?Berberis sp.
BIGNONIACEAE Chilopsis linearis (Cavanilles) Sweet subsp. arcuata (Fosberg) Henrickson
BORAGINACEAE (includes Hydrophyllaceae) †Amsinckia intermedia Fischer & C.E. Meyer †Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray var. tessellata Cryptantha angustifolia, see Johstonella angustifolia †Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene Cryptantha ganderi I.M. Johnston Cryptantha holoptera, see Johnstonella holoptera †Cryptantha maritima (Greene) Greene Cryptantha micrantha, see Eremocarya micrantha †Cryptantha pterocarya (Torrey) Greene var. cycloptera (Greene) J.F. Macbride Cryptantha racemosa, see Johnstonella racemosa ††Cryptantha utahensis (A. Gray) Greene Eremocarya micrantha (Torrey) Greene subsp. micrantha [Cryptantha micrantha (Torrey) I.M. Johnston var. micrantha] Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Bentham) Greene var. bipinnatifida (Torrey) Constance Eucrypta micrantha (Torrey) A. Heller Harpogonella palmeri A. Gray Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 9
Johstonella angustifolia (Torrey) Hasenstab & M.G. Simpson [Cryptantha angustifolia (Torrey) Greene] Johnstonella holoptera (A. Gray) Hasenstab & M.G Simpson [Cryptantha holoptera (A. Gray) J.F. Macbride] †Johnstonella racemosa (S. Watson ex A. Gray) Hasenstab & M.G. Simpson [Cryptantha racemosa (S. Watson ex A. Gray) Greene] †Lappula redowskii (Hornemann) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) M.E. Jones Nama demissum A. Gray var. demissum Nama hispidum A. Gray var. spathulata (Torrey) C.L. Hitchcock †Pectocarya heterocarpa (I.M. Johnston) I.M. Johnston †Pectocarya platycarpa (Munz & I.M. Johnston) Munz & I.M. Johnston Pectocarya recurvata I.M. Johnston Phacelia affinis A. Gray Phacelia bombycina Wooton & Standley Phacelia coerulea Greene †Phacelia crenulata Torrey ex S. Watson var. ambigua (M.E. Jones) J.F. McBride Phacelia distans Bentham Phacelia neglecta M.E. Jones Phacelia pedicellata A. Gray Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex Lehmann Phacelia rotundifolia Torrey ex S. Watson ††?Phacelia sp. Pholistima auritum (Lindley) Lilja ex Lindblom var. arizonicum (M.E. Jones) Constance †Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A. Gray) Greene ex A. Gray Plagiobothrys jonesii A. Gray Tiquilia canescens (A. de Candolle) A.T. Richardson var. canescens Tiquilia palmeri (A. Gray) T.A. Richardson
BRASSICACEAE ††Athysanus pusillus (Hooker) Greene Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W.A. Weber **Brassica nigra (Linnaeus) W.D.J. Koch *Brassica tournefortii Gouan **Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Hooker & Arnott) Payson †Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton Dimorphocarpa pinnatifida Rollins Dithyrea californica Harvey Draba cuneifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray †Draba cf. cuneifolia *Eruca vesicaria (Linnaeus) Cavanilles subsp. sativa (Miller) Thellung Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene Hesperidanthus linearifolius (A. Gray) Rydberg Lepidium densiflorum Schrader †Lepidium lasiocarpum Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray Lepidium thurberi Wooton ††?Lepidium sp./spp. Lyrocarpa coulteri Hooker & Harvey **Matthiola longipetala (Ventenat) de Candolle **Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton Physaria tenella (A. Nelson) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 10
Sibara angelorum (S.Watson) Greene Sibara virginica (Linnaeus) Rollins **Sisymbrium altissimum Linnaeus *Sisymbrium irio Linnaeus **Sisymbrium orientale Linnaeus Streptanthella longirostris (S. Watson) Rydberg Streptanthus carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray subsp. arizonicus (S. Watson) Kruckenberg, Rodman, & Worthington Thelypodium wrightii A. Gray **Thlaspi arvense Linnaeus †Thysanocarpus curvipes Hooker
BURSERACEAE †Bursera microphylla A. Gray
CACTACEAE †Carnegiea gigantea (Engelmann) Britton & Rose ††Coryphantha vivipera (Nuttall) Britton & Rose †Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. coloradensis (L.D. Benson) Pinkava Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major (Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow) Pinkava Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa × C. spinosior Cylindropuntia arbuscula (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth †Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia echinocarpa (Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow) F.M. Knuth †Cylindropuntia cf. fulgida (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata (Schott ex Engelmann) Backeberg †Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (de Candolle) F.M. Knuth †Cylindropuntia ramosissima (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelmann) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia versicolor (Engelmann ex J.M. Coulter) F.M. Knuth ††Cylindropuntia cf. whipplei (Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow) F.M. Knuth †Echinocactus polycephalus Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow Echinocactus polycephalus var. polycephalus Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelmann) Lemaire var. acicularis L.D. Benson Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow) Rümpler Echinocereus nicholii (L.D. Benson) B.D. Parfitt Echinocereus santaritensis W. Blum & Rutow †?Echinocereus sp./spp. Echinomastus erectocentrus (J.M. Coulter) Britton & Rose var. acunensis (W.T. Marshall) Bravo †Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelmann) Orcutt †Ferocactus emoryi (Engelmann) Orcutt †Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelmann) Britton & Rose Grusonia kunzei (Rose) Pinkava [G. parishii (Orcutt) Pinkava, misapplied to G. kunzei in the flora area. D. Pinkava and M. Baker, pers. com. 2013] Grusonia wrightiana (E.M. Baxter) E.M. Baxter, Calif. Cactaceae 58, 1935. [Opuntia wrightiana Baxter, Cactus & Succ. Jour. 4: 283, 1932. O. wrightiana (E.M. Baxter) Peebles, Desert Plant Life 9: 45, 1937. G. kunzei (Rose) Pinkava, misapplied to G. wrightii in the flora area. D. Pinkava and M. Baker, pers. com. 2013] Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 11
Grusonia wrightiana E.M. Baxter, Lophocereus schottii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. schottii Mammillaria grahamii Engelmann subsp. grahamii †Mammillaria cf. grahamii Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelmann Mammillaria thornberi Orcutt †?Mammillaria sp. †Opuntia basilaris Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris †Opuntia chlorotica Engelmann & J.M. Bigelow Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann var. engelmannii Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina (L.D. Benson) B.D. Parfitt & Pinkava **Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis (Griffiths) B.D. Parfitt & Pinkava †Opuntia engelmannii and/or O. phaeacantha Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann **Opuntia santa-rita (Griffiths & Hare) Rose Peniocereus greggii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. transmontanus (Engelmann) Backeberg Peniocereus striatus (Brandegee) Buxbaum †Stenocereus thurberi (Engelmann) Buxbaum
CAMPANULACEAE Nemacladus orientalis (McVaugh) Morin Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Greene
CANNABACEAE †Celtis pallida Torrey subsp. pallida †Celtis reticulata Torrey
CAPPARACEAE Atamisquea emarginata Miers ex Hooker & Arnott
CAPRIFOLIACEAE ††Symphoricarpos sp.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Achyronychia cooperi Torrey & A. Gray Cerastium texanum Britton Drymaria viscosa S. Watson **Herniaria hirsuta Linnaeus var. cinerea (de Candolle) Loret & Barrandon Loeflingia squarrosa Nuttall Silene antirrhina Linnaeus
CHENOPODIACEAE, see AMARANTHACEAE
CLEOMACEAE Polanisia dodecandra (Linnaeus) de Candolle subsp. trachysperma (Torrey & A. Gray) H.H. Iltis Wislizenia refracta Engelmann subsp. refracta
CONVOLVULACEAE Cuscuta californica Hooker & Arnott var. californica Cuscuta legitima Costea & Stefanovi ć Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 12
Cuscuta salina Engelmann var. salina Cuscuta tuberculata Brandegee Cuscuta umbellata Kunth var. umbellata Evolvulus alsinoides Linnaeus Ipomoea costellata Torrey Ipomoea cristulata Hallier Ipomoea hederacea Jacquin ††?Ipomoea sp. Jacquemontia pringlei A. Gray
CRASSULACEAE Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pavón) Berger Dudleya arizonica Rose Graptopetalum rusbyi (Greene) Rose
CROSSOSOMATACEAE †Crossosoma bigelovii S. Watson
CUCURBITACEAE Brandegea bigelovii (S. Watson) Cogniaux Cucurbita digitata A. Gray Cucurbita palmata S. Watson Echinopepon wrightii (A. Gray) S. Watson Marah gilensis (Greene) Greene Tumamoca macdougalii Rose
EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha californica Bentham †Croton sonorae Torrey Croton wigginsii L.C. Wheeler Ditaxis adenophora (A. Gray) Pax & K. Hoffmann Ditaxis brandegeei (Millspaugh) Rose & Standley var. intonsa I.M. Johnston †Ditaxis lanceolata (Bentham) Pax & K. Hoffmann †Ditaxis neomexicana (Müller Argoviensis) A. Heller Ditaxis serrata (Torrey) A. Heller var. serrata ††?Ditaxis sp. Euphorbia abramsiana L.C. Wheeler Euphorbia albomarginata Torrey & A. Gray Euphorbia arizonica Engelmann Euphorbia capitellata Engelmann Euphorbia eriantha Bentham Euphorbia florida Engelmann Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus †Euphorbia hyssopifolia Linnaeus †Euphorbia melanadenia Torrey Euphorbia micromera Boissier ex Engelmann †Euphorbia micromera and/or E. polycarpa Euphorbia pediculifera Engelmann var. pediculifera Euphorbia polycarpa Bentham *Euphorbia prostrata Aiton Euphorbia setiloba Engelmann ex Torrey Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 13
Euphorbia spathulata Lamarck Euphorbia trachysperma Engelmann ††?Euphorbia spp. (Chamaesyce) †Jatropha cardiophylla (Torrey) Müller Argoviensis Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müller Argoviensis †Jatropha cuneata Wiggins & Rollins †Sebastiania bilocularis S. Watson Stillingia linearifolia S. Watson †Tragia nepetifolia Cavanilles
FABACEAE Acaciella angustissima (Miller) Britton & Rose Acmispon brachycarpus (Bentham) D.D. Sokoloff Acmispon maritimus (Nuttall) D.D. Sokoloff var. brevivexillus (Ottley) Brouillet †Acmispon rigidus (Bentham) Brouilett Acmispon strigosus (Nuttall) Brouillet ††?Acmispon sp./spp. Astragalus didymocarpus Hooker & Arnott var. dispermus (A. Gray) M.E. Jones Astragalus insularis Kellogg var. harwoodii Munz & McBurney Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker var. australis Barneby Astragalus lentiginosus var. yuccanus M.E. Jones †Astragalus nuttallianus de Candolle Astraglaus nuttalianus cf. var. imperfectus (Rydberg) Barneby ††?Astragalus sp. Calliandra eriophylla Bentham †Coursetia glandulosa A. Gray †Dalea mollis Bentham Dalea pogonathera A. Gray var. pogonathera Dalea pringlei A. Gray var. pringlei Desmodium procumbens (Miller) Hitchcock Galactia wrightii A. Gray Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifort Lupinus arizonicus (S. Watson) S. Watson Lupinus concinnus J. Agardh Lupinus sparsiflorus Bentham ††?Lupinus sp./spp. †Marina parryi (Torrey & A. Gray) Barneby **Medicago polymorpha Linnaeus *Melilotus indicus (Linnaeus) Allioni Mimosa distachya Cavanilles var. laxiflora (Bentham) Barneby Nissolia schottii (Torrey) A. Gray †Olneya tesota A. Gray **Parkinsonia aculeata Linneaus †Parkinsonia florida (Bentham ex A. Gray) S. Watson †Parkinsonia microphylla Torrey Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. acutifolius Phaseolus filiformis A. Gray Prosopis glandulosa Torrey var. torreyana (L.D. Benson) M.C. Johnston †Prosopis glandulosa and/or P. velutina Prosopis pubescens Bentham Prosopis velutina Wooton Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 14
Psorothamnus emoryi (A. Gray) Rydberg var. emoryi Psorothamnus fremontii (Torrey ex A. Gray) Barneby Psorothamnus spinosus (A. Gray) Barneby Rhynchosia texana Torrey & A. Gray †Senegalia greggii (A. Gray) Britton & Rose †Senna covesii (A. Gray) H.S. Irwin & Barneby Tephrosia vicioides Schlechtendal Trifolium wormskioldii Lehmann †Vachellia constricta (Bentham) Seigler & Ebinger Vicia ludoviciana Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray var. ludoviciana
FAGACEAE †Quercus turbinella Greene
FOUQUIERIACEAE †Fouquieria splendens Engelmann subsp. splendens
GENTIANACEAE Eustoma exaltatum (Linnaeus) Salisbury ex G. Don subsp. exaltatum Zeltnera arizonica (A. Gray) G. Mansion
GERANIACEAE *Erodium cicutarium (Linnaeus) L'Héritier ex Aiton †Erodium texanum A. Gray Geranium carolinianum Linnaeus
GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes quercetorum Greene
HYDROPHYLLACEAE, see BORAGINACEAE
KOEBERLINIACEAE †Koeberlinia spinosa Zuccarini
KRAMERIACEAE Krameria bicolor S. Watson †Krameria erecta Wildenow & Schultes
LAMIACEAE Hedeoma nana (Torrey) Briquet var. macrocalyx W.S. Stewart †Hedeoma cf. nana †Hyptis albida Kunth †Monardella arizonica Epling Salvia columbariae Bentham ††Salvia mohavensis Greene †Salvia pinguifolia (Fernald) Wooton & Standley ** Salvia reflexa Hornemann Salvia vaseyi (Porter) Parish Scutellaria mexicana (Torrey) A.J. Patton Teucrium cubense Jacquin subsp. depressum (Small) E.M. McClintock & Epling Teucrium glandulosum Kellogg Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 15
LINACEAE Linum lewisii Pursh var. lewisii
LOASACEAE Eucnide rupestris (Baillon) H.J. Thompson & W.R. Ernst Mentzelia affinis Greene Mentzelia albicaulis Douglas ex Hooker Mentzelia involucrata S. Watson Mentzelia isolata Gentry Mentzelia longiloba J. Darlington var. yavaipenis J.J. Schenk & L. Hufford †Mentzelia puberula J. Darlington †Petalonyx linearis Greene Petalonyx thurberi A. Gray subsp. thurberi
LYTHRACEAE (includes Punicaceae) **Punica granatum Linnaeus
MALPIGHIACEAE †Cottsia gracilis (A. Gray) W.R. Anderson & C. Davis
MALVACEAE (includes Sterculiaceae) Abutilon abutiloides (Jacquin) Garcke ex Hochreutiner Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Abutilon malacum S. Watson Abutilon palmeri A. Gray ††?Abutilon sp. Anoda abutiloides A. Gray Anoda pentaschista A. Gray Ayenia filiformis S. Watson †Ayenia microphylla A. Gray †Eremalche exilis (A. Gray) Greene †Herissantia crispa (Linnaeus) Brizicky Hermannia pauciflora S. Watson Hibiscus biseptus S. Watson Hibiscus coulteri Harvey ex A. Gray †Hibiscus denudatus Bentham Horsfordia alata (S. Watson) A. Gray Horsfordia newberryi (S. Watson) A. Gray ††?Horsfordia sp./spp. *Malva parviflora Linnaeus Malvastrum bicuspidatum (S. Watson) Rose subsp. bicuspidatum Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas Malvella sagittifolia (A. Gray) Fryxell Rhynchosida physocalyx (A. Gray) Fryxell Sida abutifolia Miller †Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray subsp. ambigua Sphaeralcea coulteri (S. Watson) A. Gray Sphaeralcea emoryi Torrey ex A. Gray Sphaeralcea laxa Wooton & Standley ††?Sphaeralcea sp./spp. (may include S. ambigua )
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 16
MARTYNIACEAE Proboscidea altheifolia (Bentham) Decaisne Proboscidea parviflora (Wooton) Wooton & Standley subsp. parviflora
MOLLUGINACEAE *Glinus lotoides Linnaeus *Mollugo cerviana (Linnaeus) Séringe
MONTIACEAE Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pavón) de Candolle Cistanthe monandra (Nuttall) Hershkovitz Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willdenow subsp. mexicana (Rydberg) J.M. Miller & K.L. Chambers Phemeranthus aurantiacus (Engelmann) Kiger
MORACEAE **Ficus carica Linnaeus Morus microphylla Buckley
NYCTAGINACEAE Abronia villosa S. Watson var. villosa Acleisanthes longiflora A. Gray †Allionia incarnata Linnaeus *Boerhavia coccinea Miller Boerhavia erecta Linnaeus Boerhavia megaptera Standley †Boerhavia cf. megaptera Standley Boerhavia pterocarpa S. Watson. Boerhavia spicata Choisy var. palmeri S. Watson Boerhavia triquetra S. Watson †Boerhavia wrightii A. Gray ††?Boerhavia sp. Commicarpus scandens (Linnaeus) Standley Mirabilis coccinea (Torrey) Bentham & Hooker f. †Mirabilis laevis (Bentham) Curran var. villosa (Kellogg) Spellenberg ††Mirabilis cf. linearis (Pursh) Heimerl Mirabilis multiflora (Torrey) A. Gray Mirabilis tenuiloba S. Watson
OLEACEAE †Forestiera phillyreoides (Bentham) Torrey †Forestiera cf. pubescens Nuttall Fraxinus velutina Torrey Menodora scabra A. Gray ††?Menodora sp.
ONAGRACEAE Chylismia arenaria A. Nelson Chylismia claviformis (Torrey & Frémont) A. Heller subsp. peeblesii (Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch Chylismia claviformis subsp. rubescens (P.H. Raven) W.L. Wagner & Hoch Epilobium canum (Greene) P.H. Raven subsp. latifolium (Hooker) P.H. Raven Eremothera boothii (Douglas) W.L. Wagner & Hoch subsp. condensata (Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 17
Eremothera chamaenerioides (A. Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch Eulobus californicus Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray Oenothera arizonica (Munz) W.L. Wagner Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch Oenothera deltoides Torrey & Frémont subsp. deltoides Oenothera primiveris A. Gray
OROBANCHACEAE (includes Scrophulariaceae, in part) Castilleja exserta (A. Heller) T.I. Chuang & Heckard subsp. exserta Castilleja lanata A. Gray ††?Castilleja sp./spp. †Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall
OXALIDACEAE Oxalis albicans Kunth
PAPAVERACEAE Argemone gracilenta Greene **Argemone ochroleuca Sweet subsp. ochroleuca Eschscholzia californica Chamisso subsp. mexicana (Greene) C. Clark Eschscholzia minutiflora S. Watson
PHRYMACEAE (includes Scrophulariaceae, in part) Erythranthe cordata (Greene) G.L.Nesom [Mimulus cordatus Greene. M. guttatus Fischer ex de Candolle, in part, missaplied] Erythranthe rubella (A. Gray) N.S. Fraga [Mimulus rubellus A. Gray]
PHYTOLACCACEAE Rivina humilis Linnaeus
PLANTAGINACEAE (includes Scrophulariaceae, in part) Keckiella antirrhinoides (Bentham) Straw subsp. microphylla A. Gray) Straw Maurandya antirrhiniflora Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow Neogaerrhinum filipes (A. Gray) Rothmaler Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton Penstemon parryi (A. Gray) A. Gray Penstemon pseudospectabilis M.E. Jones subsp. pseudospectabilis ††?Penstemon sp. †Plantago ovata Forsskål var. fastigiata (E. Morris) S.C. Meyers & Liston Plantago patagonica Jacquin Pseudorontium cyathiferum (Bentham) Rothmaler Sairocarpus pusillus (Brandegee) D.A. Sutton Sairocarpus watsonii (Vasey & Rose) D.A. Sutton Stemodia durantifolia (Linnaeus) Swartz Veronica peregrina Linnaeus subsp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell
PLUMBAGINACEAE Plumbago zeylanica Linnaeus
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 18
POLEMONIACEAE Aliciella latifolia (S. Watson) J.M. Porter subsp. latifolia Eriastrum diffusum (A. Gray) H. Mason Eriastrum eremicum (Jepson) H. Mason subsp. yageri (M.E. Jones) H. Mason Gilia flavocincta A. Nelson subsp. australis (A.D. & V.E. Grant) A.G. Day & V.E. Grant Gilia stellata A. Heller ††?Gila sp. Ipomopsis multiflora (Nuttall) V.E. Grant Langloisia setosissima (Torrey & A. Gray) Greene subsp. setosissima Leptosiphon aureus (Nuttall) J.M. Porter & L.A. Johnson subsp. aureus Linanthus aureus (Nuttall) Greene Linanthus bigelovii (A. Gray) Greene Linanthus cf. bigelovii Linanthus cf. bigelovii × jonesii (possible hybrid) Linanthus demissus (A. Gray) Greene Linanthus jonesii (A. Gray) Greene Linanthus cf. jonesii Loeseliastrum schottii (Torrey) Timbrook Phlox tenuifolia E.E. Nelson
POLYGALACEAE Polygala macradenia A. Gray
POLYGONACEAE †Chorizanthe brevicornu Torrey subsp. brevicornu †Chorizanthe corrugata (Torrey) Torrey & A. Gray †Chorizanthe rigida (Torrey) Torrey & A. Gray †Eriogonum abertianum Torrey Eriogonum deflexum Torrey var. deflexum †Eriogonum fasciculatum Bentham (var. unknown) †Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium (Bentham) Torrey & A. Gray Eriogonum inflatum Torrey & Frémont Eriogonum maculatum A. Heller Eriogonum thomasii Torrey Eriogonum thurberi Torrey Eriogonum trichopes Torrey †Eriogonum wrightii Torrey ex Bentham (var. unknown) †Eriogonum wrightii var. nodosum (Small) Reveal Nemacaulis denudata Nuttall var. gracilis Goodman & L.D. Benson *Polygonum argyrocoleon Steudel ex Kunze Pterostegia drymarioides Fischer & C.A. Meyer Rumex hymenosepalus Torrey
PORTULACACEAE Portulaca halimoides Linnaeus *Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus Portulaca suffrutescens Engelmann Portulaca umbracticola Kunth
PRIMULACEAE **Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus subsp. arvensis Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 19
Androsace occidentalis Pursh
PUNICACEAE, see LYTHRACEAE
RANUNCULACEAE †Anemone tuberosa Rydberg Clematis drummondii Torrey & A. Gray Delphinium scaposum Greene †Myosurus cupulatus S. Watson Myosurus minimus Linnaeus ††Myosurus nitidus Eastwood
RESEDACEAE Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl) J.F. Macbride
RHAMNACEAE ††Ceanothus vestitus Greene Condalia globosa I.M. Johnston var. pubescens I.M. Johnston ††?Condalia globosa &/or C. warnockii Frangula betulifolia (Greene) Grubov Rhamnus crocea Nuttall †Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hooker ex Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnston
ROSACEAE †Vauquelinia californica (Torrey) Sargent subsp. sonorensis W.J. Hess & Henrickson
RUBIACEAE Galium aparine Linnaeus Galium microphyllum A. Gray †Galium stellatum Kellogg
RUTACEAE Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus †Thamnosma montana Torrey & Frémont
SALICACEAE Populus fremontii S. Watson subsp. fremontii Salix gooddingii C.R. Ball
SANTALACEAE †Phoradendron californicum Nuttall ††Phoradendron juniperinum Engelmann ††Phoradendron serotinum (Rafinesque) M.C. Johnston
SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea viscosa Jacquin var. angustifolia (Linnaeus f.) Bentham Sapindus drummondii Hooker & Arnott
SCROPHULARIACEAE, see OROBANCHACEAE, PHRYMACEAE, and PLANTAGINACEAE
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 20
SIMAROUBACEAE Castela emoryi (A. Gray) Moran & Felger
SIMMONDSIACEAE †Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneider
SOLANACEAE Capsicum annuum Linnaeus var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill Chamaesaracha coronopus (Dunal) A. Gray Datura discolor Bernhardi ††Datura wrightii Regel Lycium andersonii A. Gray var. andersonii Lycium berlandieri Dunal var. longistylum C.L. Hitchcock †Lycium cf. berlandieri Lycium californicum Nuttall ex A. Gray var. californicum Lycium exsertum A. Gray Lycium fremontii A. Gray var. fremontii †Lycium macrodon A. Gray var. macrodon Lycium parishii A. Gray var. parishii ††?Lycium sp./spp. Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray **Nicotiana glauca Graham var. glauca †Nicotiana obtusifolia Martens & Galeotti Petunia parviflora de Jussieu *Physalis acutifolia (Miers) Sandwith Physalis lobata Torrey Physalis versicolor Rydberg ††?Physalis sp./spp. *Solanum americanum Miller Solanum douglasii Dunal †Solanum hindsianum Bentham Solanum xanti A. Gray
STERCULIACEAE, see MAVACEAE
TALINACEAE Talinum paniculatum (Jacquin) Gaertner
TAMARICACEAE **Tamarix aphylla (Linnaeus) Karsten *Tamarix chinensis Loureiro
ULMACEAE, see CANNABACEAE
URTICACEAE †Parietaria hespera B.D. Hinton var. hespera
VERBENACEAE Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) A. Heller ex Abrams Glandularia gooddingii (Briquet) Solbrig
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 21
Glandularia latiloba (L.M. Perry) G.L. Nesom [Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. latilobata (L.M. Perry) B.L. Turner] ††?Glandularia sp./spp. **Lantana camara Linnaeus Tetraclea coulteri A. Gray Verbena bracteata Lagasca & Rodriguez Verbena menthifolia Bentham Verbena xylopoda (L.M. Perry) G.L. Nesom
VISCACEAE, see SANTALACEAE
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Fagonia californica Bentham subsp. californica Fagonia californica subsp. longipes (Standley) Felger & C.H. Lowe Fagonia pachyacantha Rydberg Kallstroemia californica (S. Watson) Vail Kallstroemia grandiflora Torrey ex A. Gray ††?Kallstroemia sp./spp. †Larrea divaricata Cavanilles subsp. tridentata (Sessé & Moçiño ex de Candolle) Felger & C.H. Lowe *Tribulus terrestris Linnaeus
MONOCOTYLEDONS
AGAVACEAE, see ASPARAGACEAE
ALISMATACEAE Sagittaria sp.?
ALLIACEAE, see AMARYLLIDACEAE
AMARYLLIDACEAE Allium macropetalum Rydberg Habranthus longifolius (Hemsley) Flagg, G. Lom. Smith & Meerow [Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsley]
ARECACEAE **Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendland de Barry
ASPARAGACEAE (includes Agavaceae, Nolinaceae, Ruscaceae, Themidaceae) Agave ×ajoensis W.C. Hodgson †Agave deserti Engelmann subsp. simplex Gentry Agave schottii Engelmann var. schottii Dichelostemma capitatum (Bentham) Alph. Wood subsp. pauciflorum (Torrey) Keator Hesperocallis undulata A. Gray ††Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torrey) Baker †Nolina bigelovii (Torrey) S. Watson †Nolina microcarpa S. Watson Triteleiopsis palmeri (S. Watson) Hoover Yucca baccata Torrey var. brevifolia L.D. Benson & Darrow †Yucca baccata (var. unknown) Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 22
††Yucca brevifolia Engelmann Yucca elata Engelmann
COMMELINACEAE Commelina erecta Linnaeus
CYPERACEAE Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus var. leptostachyus Boeckeler Cyperus laevigatus Linnaeus Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson Cyperus squarrosus Linnaeus Eleocharis coloradoensis (Britton) Gilly Eleocharis flavescens (Pioret) Urban var. flavescens Eleocharis rostellata (Torrey) Torrey Schoenoplectus americanus (Persoon) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller
HYDROCHARITACEAE (includes Najadaceae) Najas marina Linnaeus
IRIDACEAE Sisyrinchium demissum Greene
JUNCACEAE Juncus bufonius Linnaeus Juncus cooperi Engelmann Juncus mexicanus Willdenow ex Schultes & Schultes f.
LILIACEAE Calochortus kennedyi Porter
NOLINACEAE, see ASPARAGACEAE
POACEAE †Aristida adscensionis Linnaeus Aristida californica Thurber var. californica Aristida californica var. glabrata Vasey †Aristida purpurea Nuttall var. nealleyi (Vasey) Allred Aristida purpurea var parishii (Hitchcock) Allred †Aristida cf. purpurea Aristida ternipes Cavanilles var. gentilis (Henrard) Allred Aristida ternipes var. ternipes *Avena fatua Linnaeus †Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lagasca) Herter †Bothriochloa cf. barbinodis †Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Grisebach Bouteloua barbata Lagasca var. barbata Bouteloua barbata var. rothrockii (Vasey) Gould †Bouteloua barbata var. barbata and/or var. rothrockii †Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey †Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribner & Merrill †Bouteloua trifida Thurber Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 23
Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arnott *Bromus madritensis Linnaeus subsp. rubens (Linnaeus) Husnot **Bromus tectorum Linnaeus *Cenchrus ciliaris Linnaeus *Cenchrus echinatus Linnaeus *Cenchrus setaceus (Forsskål) Morrone *Cenchrus spinifex Cavanilles Chloris virgata Swartz Cottea pappophoroides Kunth *Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon var. dactylon *Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linnaeus) Willdenow †Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Willdenow ex Rydberg †Digitaria californica (Bentham) Henrard var. californica Dinebra panicea (Retzius) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow subsp. brachiata (Steudel) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow [Leptochloa panicea (Retzius) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steudel) N.W. Snow] Dinebra viscida (Scribner) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow [Leptochloa viscida (Scribner) Beal] Diplachne fusca (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultz subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow [Leptochloa fusca (Linnaeus) Kunth subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) N. Snow] Disakisperma dubium (Kunth) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow [Leptochloa dubia (Kunth) Nees] Distichlis spicata (Linnaeus) Greene *Echinochloa colona (Linnaeus) Link *Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois Elymus elymoides (Rafinesque) Swezey var. brevifolius (J.G. Smith) Dorn †Elymus cf. elymoides *Enneapogon cenchroides (Lichtenstein ex Roemer & Schultes) C.E. Hubbard Enneapogon desvauxii P. Beauvis **Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau *Eragrostis cilianensis (Allioni) Vignolo Lutati ex Janchen Eragrostis intermedia Hitchcock *Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees var. pectinacea †Eragrostis cf. pectinacea †Eriochloa acuminata (J. Presl) Kunth var. acuminata Eriochloa aristata Vasey var. aristata †Festuca microstachys Nuttall †Festuca octoflora Walter ††?Festuca ( Vulpia ) sp. †Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes Hilaria belangeri (Steudel) Nash †Hilaria rigida (Thurber) Bentham ex Scribner Hopia obtusa (Kunth) Zuloaga & Morrone *Hordeum murinum Linnaeus subsp. glaucum (Steudel) Tzvelev ††Hordeum pusillum Nuttall Leptochloa crinitia (Lagasca) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow [Trichloris crinita (Lagasca) Parodi] Leptochloa dubia, see Disakisperma dubium Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia, see Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 24
Leptochloa panicea subsp. brachiata, see Dinebra panicea subsp. brachiata Leptochloa viscida, see Dinebra viscida Melica frutescens Scribner Muhlenbergia alopecuroides (Grisebach) P.M. Peterson & Columbus Muhlenbergia appressa C.O. Goodding Muhlenbergia dumosa Scribner ex Vasey †Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey Muhlenbergia fragilis Swallen †Muhlenbergia microsperma (de Candolle) Kunth ††Muhlenbergia polycaulis Scribner Muhlenbergia porteri Scribner ex Beal Muhlenbergia rigens (Bentham) Hitchcock Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (Kunth) Kunth Panicum alatum Zuloaga & Morrone var. alatum *Panicum antidotale Retzius †Panicum hallii Vasey var. hallii †Panicum hirticaule J. Presl var. hirticaule Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley ††Paspalum sp. *Phalaris caroliniana Walter *Phalaris minor Retzius Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel subsp. berlandieri (E. Fournier) Saltonstall & Hauber **Poa annua Linnaeus †Poa bigelovii Vasey & Scribner ††Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey *Polypogon monspeliensis (Linnaeus) Desfontaines *Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistroffer *Schismus arabicus Nees *Schismus barbatus (Linnaeus) Thellung †Setaria grisebachii E. Fournier Setaria liebmannii E. Fournier †Setaria macrostachya Kunth *Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey subsp. airoides Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torrey) A. Gray Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurber ex Vasey) Rydberg Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lamarck) Hitchcock †Stipa speciosa Trinius & Ruprecht var. speciosa Trichloris crinita, see Leptochloa crinitia Tridens eragrostoides (Vasey & Scribner) Nash †Tridens muticus (Torrey) Nash var. muticus **Triticum aestivum Linnaeus Urochloa arizonica (Scribner & Merrill) Morrone & Zuloaga ††Zuloagaea bulbosa (Kunth) Bess
POTAMOGETONACEAE (includes Zannichelliaceae) Stuckenia pectinata (Linnaeus) Börner Zannichellia palustris Linnaeus
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 25
RUPPIACEAE Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande
RUSCACEAE, see ASPARAGACEAE
THEMIDACEAE, see ASPARAGACEAE
TYPHACEAE Typha domingensis Persoon
ZANNICHELLIACEAE, see POTAMOGETONACEAE
MOUNTAIN PLANTS OF ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT
Approximately 135 taxa (132 species, one variety, and two hybrids) within the flora area are known only from the higher, larger mountains in the Monument. All 135 occur in the Ajo Mountains and some have population in other larger mountains in Organ Pipe, mostly at their upper elevations, i.e., Bates (BT), Diablo (DM), Growler (GM), Puerto Blanco (PB), and Santa Rosa (SR) Mountains (Fig. 2). Most of these populations are essentially desert “sky island” populations although some occur at lower elevations in these mountains. Ericameria cuneata probably also occurs in the Cabeza Prieta NWR portion of upper elevations in the Growler Mountains.
PTERIDACEAE Argyrochosma limitanea Astrolepis sinuata (BT) Bommeria hispida (SR) Cheilanthes villosa Cheilanthes wrightii (BT) Cheilanthes yavapensis Pentagramma triangularis
GYMNOSPERMS CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus arizonica (PB)
EUDICOTS ACANTHACEAE Dicliptera resupinata Justicia candicans Justicia longii
AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus ×tucsonensis Gomphrena sonorae
ANACARDIACEAE Rhus aromatica
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 26
APIACEAE Lomatium nevadense Yabea microcarpa
APOCYNACEAE Asclepias linaria Haplophyton cimicidum Matelea cordifolia
ASTERACEAE Ageratina paupercula Ambrosia cordifolia (DM) Artemisia dracunculus Brickellia californica Brickellia frutescens (PB) Ericameria cuneata (GM?) Ericameria laricifolia Gamochaeta stagnalis Koanophyllon palmeri Machaeranthera tagetina (DM) Packera quercetorum Perityle ajoensis Pseudognaphalium canescens
BERBERIDACEAE Berberis haematocarpa Berberis harrisoniana
BORAGINACEAE Harpogonella palmeri (SR) Phacelia ramosissima
BRASSICACEAE Boechera perennans Erysimum capitatum Hesperidanthus linearifolius (PB) Thelypodium wrightii (DM)
CACTACEAE Echinocereus santaritensis
CAMPANULACEAE Triodanis biflora
CANNABACEAE Celtis reticulata
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Cerastium texanum (DM)
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 27
CONVOLVULACEAE Cuscuta californica (SR) Ipomoea costellata Ipomoea cristulata Jacquemontia pringlei
CRASSULACEAE Graptopetalum rusbyi
CUCURBITACEAE Echinopepon wrightii Marah gilensis
EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia arizonica? Euphorbia capitellata Euphorbia melanadenia
FABACEAE Acaciella angustissima Astragalus didymocarpus Dalea pringlei Desmodium procumbens Galactia wrightii Mimosa distachya (SR) Nissolia schottii (SR) Phaseolus acutifolius Rhynchosia texana Tephrosia vicioides Trifolium wormskioldii (DM)
FAGACEAE Quercus turbinella
GERANIACEAE Geranium carolinianum
GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes quercetorum
LAMIACEAE Monardella arizonica Salvia pinguifolia
MALVACEAE Abutilon abutiloides (PB) Anoda abutiloides Anoda pentaschista Hermannia pauciflora Hibiscus biseptus Malvastrum bicuspidatum Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 28
Sida abutifolia
MONTIACEAE Calandrinia ciliata (PB) Claytonia perfoliata Phemeranthus aurantiacus
MORACEAE Morus microphylla
NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia megaptera Mirabilis coccinea Mirabilis multiflora
OLEACEAE Forestiera phyllyreoides (PB) Fraxinus velutina
ONAGRACEAE Epilobium canum
OXALIDACEAE Oxalis albicans
PHYTOLACCACEAE Rivina humilis (DM)
PLANTAGINACEAE Castilleja lanata Keckiella antirrhinoides Stemodia durantifolia
PLUMBAGINACEAE Plumbago zeylanica
POLEMONIACEAE Ipomopsis multiflora Phlox tenuifolia (DM)
PORTULACACEAE Portulaca suffrutescens Portulaca umbracticola
PRIMULACEAE Androsace occidentalis (DM)
RANUNCULACEAE Anemone tuberosa Myosurus cupulatus
Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 29
RHAMNACEAE Frangula betulifolia Rhamnus crocea
ROSACEAE Vauquelinia californica (DM, PB)
RUBIACEAE Galium microphyllum
RUTACEAE Ptelea trifoliata
SOLANACEAE Capsicum annuum Solanum douglasii (BT, DM) Solanum xanti
TALINACEAE Talinum paniculatum
MONOCOTYLEDONS
AMARYLLIDACEAE Habranthus longifolius
ASPARAGACEAE Agave ×ajoensis Agave schottii (DM) Nolina microcarpa Yucca baccata
COMMELINACEAE Commelina erecta
LILIACEAE Calochortus kennedyi
POACEAE Bouteloua barbata var. rothrockii (BT) Bouteloua curtipendula (PB) Disakisperma dubium Elymus elymoides Eragrostis intermedia Festuca microstachys Hilaria belangeri Melica frutescens Muhlenbergia alopecuroides Muhlenbergia appressa Muhlenbergia dumosa Muhlenbergia emersleyi Felger, Rutman, Malusa, and Van Devender: Flora of southwestern Arizona: Checklist 30
Muhlenbergia fragilis Muhlenbergia rigens Muhlenbergia tenuifolia Pappophorum vaginatum Setaria grisebachii Setaria liebmannii Tridens eragrostoides
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Supplementing the gratitudes expressed in the introduction to our flora (Felger et al. 2013), we thank Marc Baker, James Henrickson, Andrew C. Sanders, and especially Guy Nesom and Andrew Salywon for reviewing and providing valuable information for this checklist.
LITERATURE CITED Felger, R.S., S. Rutman, J. Malusa, and T.R. Van Devender. 2013. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: Flora of Southwestern Arizona: An introduction. Phytoneuron 2013-5: 1–40. Felger, R.S., S. Rutman, T.R. Van Devender, and S.M. Buckley. 2012b. Checklist of vascular plants of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and Tinajas Altas, Arizona. Canotia 8: 1–53. Felger, R.S., T.R. Van Devender, B. Broyles, & J. Malusa. 2012a. Flora of Tinajas Altas, Arizona—A century of botanical forays and forty thousand years of Neotoma chronicles. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 6: 157–257. Slone, S.C. (prepared by). 2011. Draft Environmental Assessment: Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge Sonoran Pronghorn Supplemental Water and Forage Project.