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Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: a Flora of Southwestern Arizona. Part 20

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Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: a Flora of Southwestern Arizona. Part 20 Felger, R.S. and S. Rutman. 2016. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: A Flora of Southwestern Arizona. Part 20. Eudicots: Solanaceae to Zygophyllaceae. Phytoneuron 2016-52: 1–66. Published 4 August 2016. ISSN 2153 733X AJO PEAK TO TINAJAS ALTAS: A FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA PART 20. EUDICOTS: SOLANACEAE TO ZYGOPHYLLACEAE RICHARD STEPHEN FELGER Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 & International Sonoran Desert Alliance PO Box 687 Ajo, Arizona 85321 *Author for correspondence: [email protected] SUSAN RUTMAN 90 West 10th Street Ajo, Arizona 85321 [email protected] ABSTRACT A floristic account is provided for Solanaceae, Talinaceae, Tamaricaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, and Zygophyllaceae as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona—the heart of the Sonoran Desert. This account includes 40 taxa, of which about 10 taxa are represented by fossil specimens from packrat middens. This is the twentieth contribution for this flora, published in Phytoneuron and also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium: <http//cals.arizona.edu/herbarium/content/flora-sw-arizona>. Six eudicot families are included in this contribution (Table 1): Solanaceae (9 genera, 21 species), Talinaceae (1 species), Tamaricaceae (1 genus, 2 species), Urticaceae (2 genera, 2 species), Verbenaceae (4 genera, 7 species), and Zygophyllaceae (4 genera, 7 species). The flora area covers 5141 km 2 (1985 mi 2) of contiguous protected areas in the heart of the Sonoran Desert (Figure 1). The first article in this series includes maps and brief descriptions of the physical, biological, ecological, floristic, and deep history of the flora area (Felger et al. 2013a). This flora includes the modern, present-day taxa as well as fossil records from packrat middens. Explanation of the format for the flora series is provided in part 3 (Felger et al. 2013b). These contributions are also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). Family designations follow APG III and 1V (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009, 2016; also see Stevens 2012). Non- native taxa established in the flora area are marked with an asterisk (*) and non-natives not established in the flora area are marked with double asterisks (**). Present-day taxa also represented by fossil specimens are indicated with a dagger symbol (†) and the one species no longer present in the flora is marked with two dagger symbols (††). All specimens cited are at the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ) unless otherwise indicated by the abbreviations for herbaria at Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CAB), Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI), and the standardized abbreviations for herbaria (Index Herbariorum, Thiers 2016). All photos and scans are by Sue Rutman unless otherwise stated and botanical illustrations are by Lucretia Breazeale Hamilton (1908–1986). Descriptions and keys pertain to taxa and populations as they occur in the flora area. Felger & Rutman, Flora of SW Arizona, Solanaceae to Zygophyllaceae 2 Figure 1. Flora area in southwestern Arizona. OP = Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument; CP = Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge; TA = Tinajas Altas Region. Green shading indicates approximate boundaries of federally designated wilderness. Map by Jim Malusa. Table 1. Local distributions and growth forms of Solanaceae, Talinaceae, Tamaricaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, and Zygophyllaceae. † = Modernspecies also represented by a fossil; †† = fossil taxonno longer present; * = non-natives taxa; ** = non-native species not established in the flora area. OP = Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument; CP = Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge; TA = Tinajas Altas Region. SU = Summer/warm-season ephemerals; WI = winter-spring/cool-season ephemerals; AP = facultative annuals or perennials; PR = perennials. Region Growth Form Ephemerals Facultative Taxon Organ Cabeza Tinajas Perennial Non- annual or Pipe Prieta Altas Summer Winter seasonal perennial SOLANACEAE Calibrachoa parviflora OP NS Capsicum annuum OP PR Chamaesaracha arida CP TA PR Datura discolor OP CP TA NS †† Datura wrightii (OP) (PR) Lycium andersonii OP CP TA PR Lycium berlandieri OP CP PR †Lycium cf. berlandieri (OP) PR Lycium californicum OP CP PR Felger & Rutman, Flora of SW Arizona, Solanaceae to Zygophyllaceae 3 Lycium exsertum OP PR Lycium fremontii OP CP TA PR †Lycium macrodon OP CP TA PR Lycium parishii OP CP TA PR †Lycium sp./spp. (OP) (TA) PR Nicotiana clevelandii OP CP TA WI ** Nicotiana glauca (OP) PR †Nicotiana obtusifolia OP CP TA PR *Physalis acutifolia OP CP? SU Physalis crassifolia OP CP TA PR †Physalis sp./spp. (OP) (TA) Quincula lobata OP PR *Solanum americanum OP AP †Solanum hindsianum OP (†TA) PR Solanum nigrescens OP PR Solanum umbelliferum OP PR TALINACEAE Talinum paniculatum OP PR TAMARICACEAE ** Tamarix aphylla (OP) (CP) PR *Tamarix chinensis OP CP PR URTICACEAE †Parietaria hespera OP CP TA WI Urtica gracilenta OP SU VERBENACEAE Aloysia wrightii OP CP PR Glandularia gooddingii OP CP AP Glandularia latilobata OP AP †Glandularia sp./spp. (OP) (TA) ? ** Lantana camara (OP) PR Verbena bracteata CP WI Verbena menthifolia OP CP AP Verbena xylopoda OP PR ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Fagonia laevis CP TA PR Fagonia longipes OP CP PR Fagonia pachyacantha CP TA PR Kallstroemia californica OP CP TA SU Kallstroemia grandiflora OP CP SU †Kallstroemia sp./spp. (OP) SU †Larrea tridentata OP CP TA PR *Tribulus terrestris CP SU SOLANACEAE – Nightshade or Potato Family Herbs and shrubs in the flora area (some vines and trees elsewhere). Leaves alternate (often fascicled on short shoots) or sometimes subopposite; stipules none. Flowers bisexual or sometimes unisexual, 4- or 5-merous, and often showy. Calyx 4- or 5-lobed, and persistent. Corollas 4- or 5- lobed, mostly radially symmetrical (those in the flora area), mostly plicate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5, the filament bases fused to the corolla. Ovary superior, the style 1, the stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Fruit a berry (becoming indurate in Lycium macrodon ) or a capsule; seeds few to many. Worldwide, mostly tropical and temperate, greatest diversity in Central and South America; 94 genera, 2950 species. Felger & Rutman, Flora of SW Arizona, Solanaceae to Zygophyllaceae 4 1. Herbage glabrous, or with simple or stellate hairs; anthers opening with a terminal pore (longitudinal slit in S. umbelliferum ) and longer than the filaments; fruits of berries……….. Solanum 1. Hairs, if present, not stellate; anthers opening longitudinally and shorter than the filaments (or nearly as long as the filaments in Capsicum ); fruits of berries or capsules. 2. Woody shrubs or if not especially woody then more than 1.5 m tall. 3. Widespread hardwood shrubs, the twigs thorn-tipped or bearing spines; leaves less than 5 cm long, sessile or short-petioled……………………………………………………………... Lycium 3. Scarce in the flora area, roadsides; unarmed and scarcely woody; leaves more than 7 cm long, the petiole more than 3 cm long……………………………..………………….. Nicotiana glauca 2. Plants herbaceous, mostly less than 1–1.5 m tall, annuals or herbaceous perennials, or sometimes scarcely woody at the base. 4. Plants prostrate and rooting at nodes; leaves 0.5–1.5 (2) cm long, nearly sessile to short petioled (petiole much shorter than the blade)……………………………………...... Calibrachoa 4. Plants not both prostrate and rooting at nodes; leaves 2.5–15 cm long, or if less than 2.5 cm in length then the petiole about as long as or longer than the blade. 5. Corollas more than 10 cm long; fruits prickly-spinescent………………..…………… Datura 5. Corollas less than 4 cm long; fruits not prickly-spinescent. 6. Corollas tubular; fruit a capsule (dry)…………………………………..………... Nicotiana 6. Corollas as broad as or broader than long or deep (not tubular); fruit a berry (fleshy). 7. Fruiting calyx not inflated, not growing around fruit; fruits bright red when ripe. ……………………………………………………………………………………. Capsicum 7. Fruiting calyx enlarging to partially or fully surround fruit; fruits green. 8. Fruiting calyx partially growing around and tightly enclosing the berry; corollas greenish yellow with a woolly pad at center……………………………. Chamaesaracha 8. Fruiting calyx completely and loosely growing around the berry like a bag; corollas various colors, without a woolly pad. 9. Roots not thickened; stems or branches held aloft; corollas yellow or white; herbage with short, straight, glandular hairs about the same color as the herbage.…….. Physalis 9. Perennials from a thickened root; stems spreading to decumbent; corollas lavender; herbage scurfy with rounded white “hairs” (vesicular trichomes) especially on young growth and young calyces…………………………………………………….. Quincula Calibrachoa Annual and perennial herbs. South America and one also in North America; 25 species. A genus segregated from Petunia . Horticultural selections of Calibrachoa and Calibrachoa –Petunia hybrids, known as ×Petchoa , with brightly-colored flowers, are grown as garden plants. Calibrachoa parviflora (de Jussieu) D'Arcy [Petunia parviflora de Jussieu] Small-flowered petunia. Figure 2. Ephemerals, probably non-seasonal, and glandular-viscid. Stems spreading-prostrate, rooting at nodes, reaching 50 cm long. Leaves alternate, 5–20 mm long, mostly linear to spatulate or Felger & Rutman, Flora of SW Arizona, Solanaceae to Zygophyllaceae 5 oblanceolate, often semi-succulent; margins entire or nearly so. Calyx
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