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DEGREE PROJECT IN ARCHITECTURE, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2021 OPENNESS AND CITY A public square and its surroundings as a tool to break the consumerist approach of the city LAMPROS PACHOULAS KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT A public square and its surroundings as a tool to break the consumerist approach of the city. LAMPROS PACHOULAS SUPERVISORS: PATRICK VERHOEVEN & FRANCESCA SAVIO KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEGREE PROJECT IN URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN PROGRAM BOOKLET CONTENTS CHALLENGE PROJECT METHODS AREA DESIGN CRITICAL REFLECTION REFERENCE LITERATURE TIMELINE CHALLENGE The evolution of Stockholm can be dated back to the thirteenth century. It was then when Stockholm became an exacting issue to be transformed from the Swedish capital to a leading metropolis. A crucial point in the planning history of Stockholm was the Lindhagen’s plan in 1866 which more or less set the guidelines on how the city would reshaped towards a more healthy, beautiful and functionable space. Open and public spaces were addressed as an important social resource and an essential apparatus to ameliorate health conditions. The dramatic reconstruction of the city centre started in the 1950s and 1960s with the regularization of the city’s core. Lower Norrmalm the core of Stockholm’s business district faced a near total renewal over the period that expand from 1950s to the early 1980s. It’s been characterized by the demolition of hundreds of buildings, construction of the underground hub, a tunnel for cars and approximately over 1.5 million square meters of new but non-residential floor space. The renewal of Norrmalm can be perceived as an effort to accommodate modern modes of transport but more characteristically the new demands of economic restructuring of the built environment. Between 1960 and 1975 the industrial employment fell by 81% while as of 1963 office and commercial employment rose from 55% to 98% after the renewal. From a mixed economic activities and land use that it used to be Norrmalm became homogenized and transformed to an office and commercial district with good transport network. Also the depopulation that started in the 1940 in the area accelerated in the 1950s and 1960s. Some thoughts : The last decades of the twentieth century have been characterized by a very strong An interaction of a number of individuals affect the society to exist, then also the urban could metropolitan growth and de-industrialization. Moreover a heavy expansion producer services, be perceived as an interaction of elements and not just a substance. high-tech industries, telecommunications and an increasing social, geographical and economic The city and the urban have been designated as an indissoluble unity consisting of physical segregation. networks of transportation and communication and the human behaviours caused by their use. This can be called as ‘the civilization of the urban’. Today public places that exist in the city centre remain inactive considerably their history and their original purpose while people visiting the area with only two purposes which are to work The term urbanization could be characterized as a set of rules and principles that should be and to consume. applied in order the buildings and their conglomerations and furthermore the faculties of social humans move towards their development and essentially after improving individual Hence, considering the above a challenge arise: wellbeing and furthermore the public prosperity. It could be said that the policies and the actions we commence are affected by the way we see our cities. Research question: How can a public place and its surroundings become a tool and therefore break Numerically 2% of the earth’s surface is occupied by cities and the 53% of the world’s Norrmalm’s consumerist and commercial approach? population lives in cities. The commercial pattern through the maps showing the sovereignty of big as well small companies and stores in the district of Norrmalm that leads to social, geographical and economic segregation. SERGELS TORG as a PUBLIC PLACE KULTURHUSET AND ITS OPENNESS IMPORTANCE : IMPORTANCE : ∙ Accessibility Cultural education Sergels torg was made the most central place in macro space, With time, it has indeed become something of a symbol for reached easily by all underground lines, commuter and long Sweden’s very first – and widely acclaimed – national cultural distance trains. policy. ∙ Open activities The house is frequently highlighted as a direct and concrete response to the policy goals formulated therein, mainly entred A cultural institution with activities open to the public. on ideas of cultural democracy and equality. Constructed to counterbalance the commercial world of the It was born in a particular time to address: new City. 1) The formulation of Sweden’s very first national policy for culture Almost from the beginning, the square was made into a 2) The radical transformation and modernisation of Stockholm’s meeting-place city centre. for young people. Many of them came in to the centre from the suburbs. Political discussions that all citizens should, by means of the state, be offered and engage with high-quality cultural A space for demonstrations. expressions (art, music, and literature) in order to augment the level of general formation. This is still the most common demonstration ground in Stockholm, for large demonstrations and for more personal The project aims in questioning the existing public initiatives such as hunger strikes by refugees making Sergels space of Sergels torg and Kulturhuset, their torg into a global place too. theoretical background and their surroundings as a whole, in the core of the economical district in It is open for everyone and also, for all kinds of uses, not only a Norrmalm, re-identify and re-approach them by few predefined ones. Sergels torg plays a visible role in the establishing new uses and activities in the area in Stockholm (and Swedish) public sphere. order to bring openness to this monocultural consumerist district. The Sergels torg square and the house of culture will interact with the new uses and programs around them and will generate the presence of people by creating a network that will interact with the wider urban fabric-space targeting to break the monocultural consumerist approach. PROJECT Project The vision is to create an active neighbourhood where knowledge, production, culture units and by giving a bigger impact to Sergels torg and Kulturhuset can lead to self sufficiency and a more open system. By that the harmful effects of consumption industry such as transportation overuse, waste, pollution and finally economical and social exploitation can be resolved. Towards a more sustainable development. - A more active engagement where people can design and produce their needs. - To create a new disruptive system that will enter and break the existing commercial capitalistic formation and that will introduce openness to the city through production, education and art clusters available for all the people. More specifically: Investigating light production and 3D printing as ways of production. Re-organize libraries for knowledge purposes Establish open libraries with easy access embedded to everyday life Re-think and re-programming production of culture and the use of Kulturhuset Integrating schools with libraries for knowledge purposes Establish housing units to integrate common facilities such as kitchen Reform of the public space to maximize openness and peoples flow and movement Integrate recreation facilities Mixing different people with different purposes (Education, working, recreation, living) A synergy of the new uses THE MOSAIC OF THE NEW USES Method(s) RESEARCH The aim is to gather information about the economical district of Stockholm and to LITERATURE REVIEW _ theories, concepts, approaches understand the plans and the transformations that took place in the area. ARCHIVE _ historical background A research review about the historical importance and background of the area will help me understand its evolution. The LEGISLATION _ defining regulations, policy and planning, statistics theoretical and historical background of Sergels torg public square and Kulturhuset + is highly important to base the openness. ANALYSIS An in depth analysis of observations and mapping will follow in order to understand the contemporary role and substance of the OBSERVATIONS _ site visit- field notes, photographs, current activity, people, programs, functions space. After the above based on the analysis, the current activities, the people MAPPING _ site analysis, approaches, methodology that going there, the programs and the functions the next step is to set some protocols in order to test and to bring new PROTOCOLS _ elaborating on different uses, times and space throughout the day activities and uses to the area. Protocols of different uses, times and places throughout the day. After that all the above will start to be tested to the draft drawings and finally the outcomes will take place to the final proposal and drawings. DESIGN PROPOSAL_ concept, strategies, proposal, drawings AREA Sergels torg public square, Kulturhuset and the context of them. Sweden Norrmalm / Stockholm Lower Norrmalm district Norrmalm district STRATEGIES DESIGN CRITICAL REFLECTION This project started as a reflection to the current situation of Norrmalm. The situation according to the project is perceived as problematic and the reason is the capitalistic formation of the city centre. I have to mention in that point that everything started with unconscious visiting and walks in the area. I started to question myself and observe around on what people are doing in this area, what are the reasons that they are going there and what are their activities. The answer came after I start to study the area and it is that people are going there mostly either to shop or because they work there. If this project can be considered as an equation then the commercial smooth city centre is the first parameter in the equation.