DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Behaviour & Urban Squares

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Behaviour & Urban Squares EXAMENSARBETE INOM SAMHÄLLSBYGGNAD, AVANCERAD NIVÅ, 30 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2019 Human Behaviour & Urban Squares A Public Life Study of Kungsträdgården and Sergels Torg JOHAN MATTSSON KTH SKOLAN FÖR ARKITEKTUR OCH SAMHÄLLSBYGGNAD Human Behaviour & Urban Squares A Public Life Study of Kungsträdgården and Sergels Torg Johan Mattsson KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, Division of Urban and Regional Studies 2 Human Behaviour & Urban Squares 3 Abstract Some public squares experience large amounts of human activity and some experience very little, even though external conditions between them create comparable opportunities for public life. The field of public life studies observes the human activity of public spaces and presents principles that predicts human public behaviour to gain a better understanding for what elements of space people are attracted to. The human staying activity at two central public square in Stockholm – Kungsträdgården and Sergels Torg – was studied with the methodology of public life studies as outlined in Gehl & Svarre (2013) How to Study Public Life. A stationary activity mapping was performed for the two squares where female, male, sitting and standing activity was registered. The result show that Kungsträdgården attracts more than twice the staying activity as Sergels Torg, and that the two squares are mirror images of each other in terms of gender and activity proportions, with Kungsträdgården being predominately female and sitting and Sergels Torg male and standing. The principles, theories, previous observations and hypotheses from a selection of the most seminal works within the public life studies field frame the seven themes used to analyse the human stationary activity at the two squares; Sitting, Standing, Thermal Comfort, Psychological Comfort, Sensory Comfort, Aesthetics and Human Interaction. 4 Human Behaviour & Urban Squares Acknowledgments I would first like to sincerely thank my supervisor Elisabetta Troglio, who have provided constant inputs from her wealth of knowledge, read drafts of the work and given constructive feedback and discussing everything from the design of the park outside the conference room at the Centre for the Future of Places to the nature of her profession, it has been greatly appreciated and the study is vastly improved for it. I also want to thank my examiner Hans Westlund and student opponent Ninél Sukovich for reading my work and giving their insightful comments. I would finally like to thank my friends and flatmates Martin and Oskar who’ve always happily engaged in discussion about my work and lent me a spot on our kitchen table for the execution of this work. 5 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 8 Ontological foundation ............................................................................................. 10 Background ............................................................................................................... 11 Definition of a square ............................................................................................... 13 Aim ............................................................................................................................ 13 Research questions ................................................................................................... 14 Objectives .................................................................................................................. 14 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 15 Delimitation .............................................................................................................. 21 Kungsträdgården – Background .................................................................................. 23 History ....................................................................................................................... 23 Design ........................................................................................................................ 26 Use ............................................................................................................................. 27 Sergels Torg – Background .......................................................................................... 29 History ....................................................................................................................... 29 Design ........................................................................................................................ 31 Use ............................................................................................................................. 32 Literature Study ........................................................................................................... 36 Thematic Literature Summary ................................................................................. 36 Camillo Sitte (1889) The Art of Building Cities ....................................................... 48 Jane Jacobs (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities .......................... 55 William H. Whyte (1980) The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces ........................... 57 Clare Cooper Marcus & Carolyn Francis (1990) People Places ............................... 64 Jan Gehl (2010) Cities for People ............................................................................. 75 Jan Gehl & Birgitte Svarre (2013) How to Study Public Life ................................... 83 Results & Analysis ........................................................................................................ 88 Sitting ........................................................................................................................ 88 Standing .................................................................................................................. 106 Thermal Comfort .................................................................................................... 113 Psychological Comfort ............................................................................................ 122 Sensory Comfort ..................................................................................................... 135 Aesthetics ................................................................................................................ 142 Human Interaction ................................................................................................. 148 6 Human Behaviour & Urban Squares Discussion ................................................................................................................... 158 Academic framework .............................................................................................. 158 Correspondence between literature and data ........................................................ 158 Relationship between staying activity and the design of urban squares ............... 158 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 162 References .................................................................................................................. 164 Image sources ......................................................................................................... 170 Table of figures ........................................................................................................ 171 Table of tables ......................................................................................................... 172 Table of images ....................................................................................................... 172 Appendix A – Stationary Activity Mapping data from Kungsträdgården ................. 175 Appendix B – Stationary Activity Mapping data from Sergels Torg ......................... 177 All images not credited otherwise are photographed by the author 7 Introduction Imagine a finite quantity of space. Imagine an infinite number of possible compositions of this finite quantity of space. Imagine having the responsibility to prioritise between this infinite number of possible compositions of this finite quantity of space and choose the design that will become reality. What domain is confined by this responsibility? What principles dictate a responsible decision? What guides these principles? Finitude is the plight of reality. Every tree will fall, everyone alive will die and the third planet from the sun consist of a finite quantity of space. What is to be done with space is hence a question worth asking. A finite supply can’t satisfy an infinite demand. Prioritisation between alternatives is better described as a necessity than the product of a hierarchy of interests or needs, even though it is a product of such hierarchies. That meaningful needs reign supreme in these hierarchies is the burden of humanity. The responsibility to choose is the responsibility to make a meaningful choice. The single constant throughout million years of human history – and consequently future – is humans. Humans will remain as long as human development persist. Technology will change, philosophy will change, politics will change, the climate will change, humans won’t. True social sustainability can only be found in a greater understanding
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fulltekst (Pdf)
    DEGREE PROJECT IN ARCHITECTURE, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2021 OPENNESS AND CITY A public square and its surroundings as a tool to break the consumerist approach of the city LAMPROS PACHOULAS KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT A public square and its surroundings as a tool to break the consumerist approach of the city. LAMPROS PACHOULAS SUPERVISORS: PATRICK VERHOEVEN & FRANCESCA SAVIO KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEGREE PROJECT IN URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN PROGRAM BOOKLET CONTENTS CHALLENGE PROJECT METHODS AREA DESIGN CRITICAL REFLECTION REFERENCE LITERATURE TIMELINE CHALLENGE The evolution of Stockholm can be dated back to the thirteenth century. It was then when Stockholm became an exacting issue to be transformed from the Swedish capital to a leading metropolis. A crucial point in the planning history of Stockholm was the Lindhagen’s plan in 1866 which more or less set the guidelines on how the city would reshaped towards a more healthy, beautiful and functionable space. Open and public spaces were addressed as an important social resource and an essential apparatus to ameliorate health conditions. The dramatic reconstruction of the city centre started in the 1950s and 1960s with the regularization of the city’s core. Lower Norrmalm the core of Stockholm’s business district faced a near total renewal over the period that expand from 1950s to the early 1980s. It’s been characterized by the demolition of hundreds of buildings, construction of the underground hub, a tunnel for cars and approximately over 1.5 million square meters of new but non-residential floor space.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing Two Key Modernist Public Squares Among Athens & Stockholm
    DEGREE PROJECT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 15 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2017 Comparing two key modernist public squares among Athens & Stockholm From similar morphological patterns to common urban experience IOLI APOSTOLOPOULOU KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT TRITA SoM EX 2017-26 www.kth.se Fig.1, Sergels Torg, by Gunnar Smoliansky in 1978 Acknowledgement I would like to sincerely thank Prof. Tigran Haas for his support and guidance throughout the master program, as well as Ax:son Johnson Foun- dation and Royal Institute of Technology for funding the program. I would like to express my gratitude to Ryan Locke for his contribution as a supervisor and for encouraging me to explore the wide variety of topics related to Urbanism. In addition, I would like to thank Jaimes Montes for his initial contribu- tion to my research. Finally I would like to thank my family and especially my brother Nikolaos for supporting me during my studies. Ioli Apostolopoulou 3 CONTENTS Abstract...............................................................................................................................................6 Introduction........................................................................................................................7 Preface................................................................................................................................................7 Research Purpose and Question......................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Local Host Community's Involvement in the Development of Tourism: a Case Study of the Residents' Perception
    sustainability Article The Role of the Local Host Community’s Involvement in the Development of Tourism: A Case Study of the Residents’ Perceptions toward Tourism on the Route of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) Jakson-Renner-Rodrigues Soares 1,2,* , Maria-Francisca Casado-Claro 3, María-Elvira Lezcano-González 4, María-Dolores Sánchez-Fernández 1 , Larissa-Paola-Macedo-Castro Gabriel 5 and Maria Abríl-Sellarés 6 1 Department of Business, University of A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; [email protected] 2 Master in Tourism Business Management, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil 3 Department of Economics and Business, Universidad Europea, 28670 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 4 Department of Humanities, University of A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; [email protected] 5 Tourism, Economy and Sustainability Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; [email protected] 6 Department of Tourism, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Soares, J.-R.-R.; Casado-Claro, M.-F.; Lezcano-González, Abstract: As an economic, social, and cultural activity, tourism shapes the relationship between M.-E.; Sánchez-Fernández, M.-D.; visitors and local communities in tourist destinations. While tourism generates economic growth and Gabriel, L.-P.-M.-C.; Abríl-Sellarés, M. employment opportunities for residents, its benefits come with a social cost. This article highlights The Role of the Local Host the results of an online survey that was carried out at the beginning of 2021 in the seven major Community’s Involvement in the Galician cities along the Route of Santiago de Compostela (the Way of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Museums in Stockholm
    Museums in Stockholm PHOTO: OLA ERICSON FOR THE LATEST UPDATES ON STOCKHOLM, VISIT THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE VISITSTOCKHOLM.COM Museums in Stockholm BERGIANSKA TRÄDGÅRDEN BERGIUS BOTANIC GARDEN Discover Stockholm´s museums with their world-class collections, pioneering exhibitions and extraordinary historical objects. Botanical garden beautifully situated at Lake Brunnsviken. A paradise for plant enthusiasts with thousands of trees, shrubs and herbs from around the world. Exotic, heat-loving plants thrive in the Victoria House and Edvard Anderson Conservatory. AQUARIA VATTENMUSEUM Café, shop and restaurant. AQUARIA WATER MUSEUM Opening hours: The Park daily. Edvard Anderson Conservatory: Oct-Mar Mon- Fri 11am- 4pm, Sat- Sun Falkenbergsgatan 2. Djurgården 11am-5pm Apr-Sep daily 11am- 5pm. www.aquaria.se The Victoria House: May-Sep Mon- Fri 11am- 4pm, Sat-Sun 11am-5pm. ARKITEKTURMUSEUM Metro station: Universitetet, Bus:40 MUSEUM OF ARCHITECTURE Bergianska trädgården All you need to know about Swedish architecture and construction from +46 (0) 8 545 91 700 the 19th century until today. Exhibitions featuring drawings, models, design www.bergianska.se and examples of sustainable urban development. Take a tour and participate in creative activities for children on Sundays. Library, BIOLOGISKA MUSEET collections, book store and café. BIOLOGICAL MUSEUM Opening hours: Tues 10am- 8pm, Wed-Sun Lejonslätten, Djurgården 10am-6pm. www.biologiskamuseet.com Metro station: Kungsträdgården Bus: 2, 55, 62, 65, 76 Skeppsholmen BONNIERS KONSTHALL +46 (0) 8 587 270 00 BONNIERS CONTEMPORARY ART www.arkitekturmuseet.se Torsgatan 19. Norrmalm ARMÉMUSEUM www.bonnierskonsthall.se ARMY MUSEUM CARL ELDHS ATELJÉMUSEUM Riddargatan 13. Östermalm CARL ELDH’S STUDIO MUSEUM www.armemuseum.se Lögebodavägen 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Planning
    Leonid Lavrov, Elena Molotkova, Andrey Surovenkov — Pages 29–42 ON EVALUATING THE CONDITION OF THE SAINT PETERSBURG HISTORIC CENTER DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2020-5-3-29-42 Urban Planning ON EVALUATING THE CONDITION OF THE SAINT PETERSBURG HISTORIC CENTER Leonid Lavrov, Elena Molotkova*, Andrey Surovenkov Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Vtoraja Krasnoarmeyskaya st., 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: This study was prompted by the introduction of the urban environment quality index into the system operated by the Russian Ministry of Construction Industry, Housing and Utilities Sector (Minstroy). We note that the ˝environment-centric˝ methodologies were already worked on and applied to housing studies in Leningrad as far back as during the 1970–1980s, and that the insights from these studies can now be used for analyzing the current state of the urban environment. Purpose of the study and methods: The information reviewed in this article gives us the first glimpse of the tangible urban environment in the historic center of Saint Petersburg. Many features of this part of the city are reminiscent of other European metropolises, but the fact that the historic center is split into three parts by vast waterways, that the construction began from the ground up in the middle of the wilderness, and that the active urban development phase lasted only a century and a half (from the 1760s to the 1910s), has a major part to play. Results: We use quantitative data to describe the features of the Saint Petersburg historic center and compare our findings to the features of European metropolises, across such parameters as spatial geometry, transportation and pedestrian links, and environmental conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Program För City
    PROGRAM FÖR CITY 2018-02-22 Godkänt dokument - Thomas Stoll, Stockholms stadsbyggnadskontor, 2018-02-08, Dnr 2017-06022 Dnr 2018-02-08, stadsbyggnadskontor, Stockholms Stoll, Thomas - dokument Godkänt Stadsbyggnadskontoret Stockholms stad Projektgrupp Catarina Holdar, projektledare (fr.o.m. nov. 2016) Louise Heimler, projektledare (t.o.m. okt. 2016) David Essinger Matt ias Olsson Daniel Sjöborg Referenspersoner Torleif Falk, stadsarkitekt Thomas Stoll, planchef Martin Schröder, enhetschef Underlag kulturmiljö Anna Birath, Nyréns arkitekter AB Markus Ängeby, Nyréns arkitekter AB Grafi sk form och kartor Anna Bernmark, White arkitekter AB Tove Jägerhök, White arkitekter AB Viktoria Arvidsson, White arkitekter AB Bilder och fotografi er Bilder: Stadsbyggnadskontoret om inte annat anges. Fotografi er: Lennart Johansson, om inte annat anges. Tryck XXX 2018 Omslag. Båtar på Nybroviken. 2 Godkänt dokument - Thomas Stoll, Stockholms stadsbyggnadskontor, 2018-02-08, Dnr 2017-06022 Dnr 2018-02-08, stadsbyggnadskontor, Stockholms Stoll, Thomas - dokument Godkänt Uppdraget Kommunfullmäktige gav 2012-10-15 (§ 14) stadsbygg- nads-, trafi k- och exploateringsnämnderna i uppdrag att implementera Stockholms stads vision för City 2030. Trafi knämnden fi ck i uppdrag att ta fram en trafi k- och gatumiljöplan, stadsbyggnadsnämnden att påbörja utred- ningsarbete avseende program- och strategifrågor och exploateringsnämnden att leda det operativa arbetet med stadsutvecklingsområdet City. Beslut om uppdragen fat- tades i stadsbyggnadsnämnden, exploateringsnämnden och trafi knämnden i december 2012. Stadsbyggnadskontoret har på uppdrag av stadsbyggnadsnämnden tagit fram detta program som svar på kommunfullmäktiges beslut. I budget för 2016 fi ck stadsbyggnadsnämnden ett särskilt uppdrag att ta ett helhetsgrepp på utvecklingen i City, inte minst vad gäller höjder och taklandskap. I budget för 2017 fi ck stadsbyggnadsnämnden tillsammans med exploate- ringsnämnden och trafi knämnden i uppdrag att utveckla City.
    [Show full text]
  • Intermediality As a Tool for Aesthetic Analysis and Critical Reflection, Edited by Sonya Petersson, Christer Johansson, Magdalena Holdar, and Sara Callahan, 261–283
    Mediating Public Cultural Policy: Buildings, Bills, and Films as Governmentality Fredrik Krohn Andersson Abstract This article examines how the supposedly new public cultural policy in Sweden during the 1960 and 1970s was mediated and materialized in a number of forms. The cultural policy encom- passed both a contradiction between the emphasis on a broad- ened concept of culture and a more narrow understanding of cultural practices, as well as a conflict between elements of power and control in policymaking, and assertions on the necessarily free character of the cultural domain. Departing from three cases, in form of the government committee report Ny kulturpolitik 1972 and the government bill on cultural policy 1974, the build- ing Kulturhuset in Stockholm 1974, and the information film Jämlikhet – för handikappade? 1973, an approach of governmen- tality is in conjunction with perspectives of inter- and transmedi- ality implemented in order to analyze how the potentially inherent conflicts and contradictions of the cultural policy were enacted in these various mediated forms. Introduction A radical change in the understanding of the concept of culture and the role of culture in society occurred in Sweden, as well as How to cite this book chapter: Krohn Andersson, Fredrik. “Mediating Public Cultural Policy: Buildings, Bills, and Films as Governmentality.” In The Power of the In-Between: Intermediality as a Tool for Aesthetic Analysis and Critical Reflection, edited by Sonya Petersson, Christer Johansson, Magdalena Holdar, and Sara Callahan, 261–283. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/baq.k. License: CC-BY. 262 The Power of the In-Between in many other countries, during the post-war period.1 In Sweden, from the very late 1950s onwards, an actual cultural policy began to take shape, epitomized in the 1974 government bill of cultural policy.
    [Show full text]
  • NEDRE SERGELS TORG SOM PASSAGE OCH VISTELSEYTA Analys Av Platsen Idag Samt Utvärdering Av Sergelarkadens Inglasning
    NEDRE SERGELS TORG SOM PASSAGE OCH VISTELSEYTA Analys av platsen idag samt utvärdering av Sergelarkadens inglasning Spatiala analyser & strategisk design 071011 2 Beställare: Exploateringskontoret, Stockholms stad Konsult: Spacescape AB Uppdragsansvarig: Alexander Ståhle Handläggande: Tobias Nordström Övriga medverkande: Lars Marcus, Henrik Markhede och Daniel Koch SÖstgötagatanpatiala analyser 100 & strategisk design 116 64 Sthlm www.spacescape.se SPACESCAPE Nedre Sergels torg som passage och vistelseyta 3 Innehåll Sammanfattning 4 Bakgrund 6 Metod 7 Fem stadslivstema Genomförda observationer och intervjuer Nedre Sergels torg idag 12 1. Gångflöden 2. Vistelse 3. Mötesplatser 4 Verksamheter 5 Offentlighet och trygghet Utvärdering av förslagen till inglasning 32 1. Gångflöden 2. Vistelse 3. Mötesplatser 4. Verksamheter 5. Offentlighet och trygghet 5. Rekommendationer 44 Våra förslag till åtgärder Utvärdering av Spacescapes förslag 6. Slutdiskussion 45 7. Referenser 51 SPACESCAPE Nedre Sergels torg som passage och vistelyta 4 Sammanfattning Spacescape har av Stockholms exploateringskontor fått uppdraget att studera stadslivet på nedre Sergels torg samt hur två av de alternativa lösningarna på Sergelsarkadens inglasning som tagits fram kan komma att påverka stadslivet på platsen. Våra observationer och rumsa- nalyser har resulterat i ett antal slutsatser om platsens utvecklingspotential. Utifrån stadens målsättningar med nedre Sergels torg har sedan ett antal rekommendationer för kommande planbearbetning tagits fram. Nedre Sergels torg idag Nedre Sergels torg är idag utan tvekan Sveriges mest sammansatta offentliga plats. Här möts till vardags en bredd i samhällslivet som saknar motstycke. Platsen befolkas idag främst av tunnelbanan och närliggande målpunkter som Citys shoppingutbud och Kulturhuset. Våra undersökningar visar att det framförallt är kanten mellan Arkaden och Plattan som är det mest aktiva rummet på nedre Sergels torg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambridge Companion to August Strindberg Edited by Michael Robinson Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-60852-7 - The Cambridge Companion to August Strindberg Edited by Michael Robinson Frontmatter More information the cambridge companion to august strindberg August Strindberg is one of the most enduring of nineteenth-century dramatists, and is also an internationally recognized novelist, autobiographer and painter. This Companion presents contributions by leading international scholars on different aspects of Strindberg’s highly colourful life and work. The essays focus primarily on his most celebrated plays; these include the naturalist dramas, The Father and Miss Julie; the experimental dramas with which he created a true modernist theatre – To Damascus and A Dream Play; and the Chamber Plays of 1908 which, like so much of his work, exerted a powerful influence on later twentieth-century drama. His plays are contextualized for what they contribute both to the history of drama and developments in theatre practice, and other essays clarify the enormous importance to these dramas of his other work, most notably the autobiographical novel Inferno, and his lifelong interest in science, the occult, sexual politics and the visual arts. michael robinson is Professor Emeritus of Drama and Scandinavian Studies at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. He is the author of Strindberg and Autobiography (1986) and Studies in Strindberg (1998), and has translated a two-volume selection of Strindberg’s letters (1992), a collection of his essays (1996) and five of the plays (1998). He has edited five volumes of essays on Strindberg and Ibsen, and is also the General Editor of the Cambridge Plays in Production series. His three-volume International Annotated Bibliography of Strindberg Studies was published by the MHRA in 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Moscow and St Petersburg
    Creating a ‘Public’ in St Petersburg, 1703-1761 Paul Keenan School of Slavonic and East European Studies, UCL Ph.D. History 1 UMI Number: U592953 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592953 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract The thesis deals with the creation of a ‘public’ in St Petersburg during the first half of the eighteenth century. The term ‘public’ has generated a considerable historiography dealing with its implications for the field of eighteenth-century studies, which are discussed in the introduction along with the contemporary definitions of the word. In eighteenth-century Russia, the term ‘public’ usually carried the meaning of ‘audience’, typically in reference to the theatre and other spectacles. The definition of this and other similar terms provides an important framework through which to analyse the various elements of this phenomenon. This analysis has centred on the city of St Petersburg in this period for several reasons. Firstly, it was the seat of both the Russian government and the Court around a decade after its foundation and Peter I ensured its rapid population.
    [Show full text]
  • Stockholm Photo: Pixachi/Shutterstock.Com Stockholm Is a City of Contrasts
    Stockholm Photo: Pixachi/Shutterstock.com Stockholm is a city of contrasts. Trends in music, design, fashion, and technology are born here, and innovations that spread worldwide are invented here. Trendy bars and world-class restaurants are shoulder-to-shoulder with historic cafes and cozy neighbourhood pubs. Stockholm is simultaneously urban and close to nature and water is an ever-present feature in this city where lake and sea meet. The atmosphere is open, tolerant and welcoming, and diversity and innovation are encouraged. Stockholm is a city for everyone. Goncharovaia/Shutterstock.com Top 5 Hidden Stockholm Unlock the secrets of Sweden’s beautiful capital on a Stockholm walking tour. Sample traditional market fare, explore narrow b... The Nobel Museum Be inspired by ideas that changed the world. The Nobel Museum contains all e... The Bergian Garden Oleksiy Mark/Shutterstock.com The Bergian Garden is a botanical garden with greenhouses. Experience plants from all over the world: Edvard Anderson’s greenh... Old Town - Gamla Stan Stockholm’s oldest attraction is much more than the ultra-touristy street of... Royal Swedish Opera Kungliga Operan has been the Swedish national venue for opera and ballet sin... Adisa/Shutterstock.com Updated 25 February 2020 Destination: Stockholm Publishing date: 2020-02-25 THE CITY DISTRICT GUIDES Mikael Damkier/Shutterstock.com sigurcamp/Shutterstock.com Stockholm, one of the most beautiful capitals in Stockholm is divided into many distinctive the world, is built on 14 islands connected by 57 neighbourhoods and quarters each with their bridges. The buildings, cutting-edge design, hip own unique character. Here you can learn more style, the fresh air and the proximity to the water about some of the most popular ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning Latin America's Capital Cities
    «o Planning Latin America’s Capital Cities, 1850-1950 cs edited by Arturo Almandoz First published 2002 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge, 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2002 Selection and editorial matter: Arturo Almandoz; individual chapters: the contributors Typeset in Garamond by PNR Design, Didcot, Oxfordshire Printed and bound in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk This book was commissioned and edited by Alexandrine Press, Oxford All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any informa­ tion storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library o f Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-415-27265-3 ca Contents *o Foreword by Anthony Sutcliffe vii The Contributors ix Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 Arturo Almandoz 2 Urbanization and Urbanism in Latin America: from Haussmann to CIAM 13 Arturo Almandoz I CAPITALS OF THE BOOMING ECONOMIES 3 Buenos Aires, A Great European City 45 Ramón Gutiérrez 4 The Time of the Capitals.
    [Show full text]