Table of Cases

Court of Justice of the European Union (Former Court of Justice of the European Communities)

Affatato Case C-3/10 [2010] ECR I-121 Åklagaren v Hans Åkerberg Fransson Case C-617/10 [2013] nyr Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v Chiquita Italia Spa Case C-469/93 [1995] ECR I-4533 Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano Case C-281/98 [2000] ECR I-4139 Annibaldi v Sindaco del Comune di Guidonia and Presidente Regione Lazio Case C-309/96 [1997] ECR I-07493 Anomar Case C-6/01 [2003] ECR I-8621 Apothekerkammer des Saarlandes and Others Joined Cases C-171/07 and C-172/07 [2009] ECR I-04171 Asociacio´n Nacional de Establecimientos Financieros de Cre´dito (ASNEF) Joined Cases C-468/10 and C-469/10 [2011] nyr Association de me´diation sociale v Union locale des syndicats CGT, Hichem Laboubi, Union de´partementale CGT des Bouche-du-Rhoˆne, Confe´de´ration ge´ne´rale du travail (CGT) Case C-176/12 [2014] nyr Becker v Finanzamt Munster Innenstadt Case 8/81 [1982] ECR 53 Bidar Case C-209/03 [2005] ECR I-2119 Blanco Pe´rez and del Pilar Chao Go´mez v Consejerı´a de Salud y Servicios Sanitarios Joined Cases C-570/07 and C-571/07 [2010] ECR I-04629 Bond van Adverteerdser Case 352/85 [1988] ECR 2085 Bozzetti v Invernizzi SpA and Ministero del Tesoro Case 179/84 [1985] ECR 2301 Brasserie du Peˆcheur SA v Bundesrepublik Deutschland and The Queen v Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte: Factortame Ltd and others Joined Cases C-46/ 93 and C-48/93 [1996] ECR I-01029 Carpenter Case C-60/00 [2002] ECR I-6279 Centro-Com Srl v HM Treasury and Bank of England Case C-124/95 [1997] ECR I-00081

L.S. Rossi and F. Casolari (eds.), The EU after Lisbon, 301 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04591-7, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 302 Table of Cases

Chakroun Case C-578/08 [2010] ECR I-1839 CILFIT Case 77/83 [1984] ECR 1257 Ciola Case C-224/97 [1999] ECR I-2517 Commission of the European Economic Community v Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Kingdom of Belgium Joined Cases 90/63 and 91/63 [1963] ECR 623 Commission of the European Communities v France Joined Cases 6/69 and 11/69 [1969] ECR 523 Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany Case 325/82 [1984] ECR 777 Commission of the European Communities v Grand Duchy of Luxemburg Case C-473/93 [1996] ECR I-3207 Commission of the European Communities v Council of the European Union Case C-25/94 [1996] ECR I-01469 Commission of the European Communities v Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Case C-266/03 [2005] ECR I-04805 Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany Case C-433/03 [2005] ECR I-06985 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Spain Case C-503/03 [2006] ECR I-1097 Commission of the European Communities v Council of the European Union Case C-91/05 [2008] ECR I-3651 Commission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic Case C-45/07 [2009] ECR I-00701 Commission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic Case C-250/07 [2009] ECR I-04369 Commission of the European Communities v Italy Case C-531/06 [2009] ECR I-04103 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Sweden Case C-246/07 [2010] ECR I-03317 Commission v Kingdom of Spain Case C-211/08 [2010] ECR I-05267 Commission v France Case C-512/08 [2010] ECR I-8833 Commission v Grand Duchy of Luxemburg Case C-51/08 [2011] ECR I-04231 Commission v Germany Case 562/10 [2012] nyr Commission and Others v Yassin Abdullah Kadi (Kadi IV) Joined Cases C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P and C-595/10 P [2013] nyr Costa v E.N.E.L. Case 6/64 [1964] ECR 585 Curra` and Others C-466/11 [2012] ECR I-0000 DEB Deutsche Energiehandels- und Beratungsgesellschaft mbH v Bundesrepublik Deutschland Case C-279/09 [2010] ECR I-13849 Decker Case C-120/95 [1998] ECR I-1831 Defrenne v Socie´te´ anonyme belge de navigation ae´rienne Sabena Case 43/75 [1976] ECR 455 Demirel v Stadt Schwabisch Gmund Case 12/86 [1987] ECR 2719 Dereci and Others v Bundesministerium fur€ Inneres Case C-256/11 [2011] nyr Deticˇek Case C-403/09 PPU [2009] ECR I-12193 Table of Cases 303

Deutsches Weintor Case C-544/10 [2012] nyr Dominguez v Centre informatique du Centre Ouest Atlantique and Pre´fet de la re´gion Centre Case C-282/10 [2012] nyr Dynamic Media Case C-244/06 [2008] ECR I-505 Edah Joint Cases C-80/85 and C-159/85 [1986] ECR 3359 Elchinov Case C-173/09 [2010] ECR I-8889 Eridania zuccherifici nazionali SpA and others v Cassa conguaglio zucchero and the Italian Ministry of Finance and Treasury Case 250/84 [1986] ECR 117 ERT Case C-260/89 [1991] ECR I-2925 European Parliament v Council of the European Union Case C-316/91 [1994] ECR I-625 European Parliament v Council of the European Union Case C-130/10 [2012] nyr European Parliament v Council of the European Union Case C-658/11, OJ 2012 C 58/6 Faccini Dori v Recreb Case C-91/92 [1994] ECR I-3340 Factortame Ltd and others Case C-213/89 [1990] ECR I-02433 Ferriera Padana SpA v Commission of the European Communities Case 276/80 [1982] ECR 517 Ferriera Valsabbia and others v Commission of the European Communities Joined Cases 154, 205, 206, 226 to 228, 263 and 264/78, 39, 31, 83 and 85/79 [1980] ECR 907 Francovich and Bonifaci v Italy Joined Cases C-6/90 and C-9/90 [1991] ECR I-5357 Gambelli Case C-243/01 [2003] ECR I-1577 Garcia Avello Case C-148/02 [2003] ECR I-11613 Germany v Commission of the European Economic Community Joined Cases 52 and 55/65 [1966] ECR 159 Germany v European Parliament and Council Case C-376/98 [2000] ECR I-8419 Germany v European Parliament and Council Case C-380/03 [2006] ECR I-11573 Gouda Case C-288/89 [1991] ECR I-4007 Government of the French Community and Walloon Government v Flemish Gov- ernment Case C-212/06 [2008] ECR I-1683 Greece v Council Case 204/86 [1988] ECR 5323 Groener Case C-379/87 [1989] ECR I-3967 Grogan Case C-159/90 [1991] ECR I-4685 Grunkin and Paul Case C-353/06 [2008] ECR I-7639 Grzelczyck Case C-184/99 [2001] ECR I-6193 Gueye and Sanchez Joined Cases C-483/09 and C-1/10 [2011] ECR I-08263 Guimont Case C-448/98 [2000] ECR I-10663 Hauptzollamt Mainz v Kupferberg Case 104/81 [1982] ECR 3641 Hendrix Case C-287/05 [2007] ECR I-6909 Hennings Joined Cases C-297/10 and C-298/10 [2011] ECR I-07965 Hungary v Slovak Republic Case C-364/10 [2012] nyr Iida v Stadt Ulm Case C-40/11 [2012] nyr Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst v X BV Case C-429/07 [2009] ECR I-04833 304 Table of Cases

Internationale Handelsgesellschaft Case 11/70 [1970] ECR 1125 Ireland v Commission of the European Communities Case C-339/00 [2003] ECR I-11757 Italian Republic v Commission of the European Communities Case 14/88 [1989] ECR 3677 J. McB. v L. E. Case C-400/10 PPU [2010] ECR I-08965 Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council (Kadi II) Joined Cases C-402/05 and C-415/05 [2008] ECR I-6351 Kamberaj v Istituto per l’Edilizia sociale della Provincia autonoma di Bolzano (IPES) and Others Case C-571/10 [2012] nyr Kohll Case C-158/96 [1998] ECR I-1931 Konstantinidis Case C-168/91 [1993] ECR I-1191 Kuc€ ukdeveci€ v Swedex GmbH & Co. KG Case C-555/07 [2010] ECR I-00365 LandtovavC ˇeska sprava socialnı´ho zabezpecˇenı´ Case C-399/09 [2011] ECR I-05573 Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska Byggnadsarbetarefo¨rbundet, Svenska Byggnadsar- betarefo¨rbundets avdelning 1, Byggettan and Svenska Elektrikerfo¨rbundet Case C-341/05 [2007] ECR I-11767 Luxembourg v European Parliament Case 230/81 [1983] ECR 255 Magatte Gueye Joined Cases C-483/09 and C-1/10 [2011] ECR I-08263 Malgozˇata Runevicˇ-Vardyn and Łukasz Paweł Wardyn v Vilniaus miesto savivaldybe˙s administracija and Others Case C-391/09 [2011] ECR I-03787 Mangold v Rudiger€ Helm Case C-144/04 [2005] ECR I-09981 Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority Case C-271/91 [1993] ECR I-4387 Matteucci v Communaute´ franc¸aise of Belgium and Commissariat ge´ne´ral aux relations internationales of the Communaute´ franc¸aise of Belgium Case 235/87 [1988] ECR 5589 McB. Case C-400/10 PPU [2010] ECR I-8965 McCarthy v Secretary of State for the Home Department Case C-434/09 [2011] ECR I-03375 Mehilainen€ Oy and Terveystalo Healthcare Oy Case C-215/09 [2010] ECR I-13749 Melki and Abdeli Joined Cases C-188 and 189/10 [2010] ECR I-5667 Melloni v Ministerio Fiscal Case C-399/11 [2013] nyr Metock Case C-127/08 [2008] ECR I-6241 MRAX Case C-459/99 [2002] ECR I-6591 Muller-Faure€ ´ & van Riet Case C-385/99 [2003] ECR I-4509 N.S. et al. Joined Cases C-411/10 and C-493/10 [2011] nyr Nerkowska Case C-499/06 [2008] ECR I-3993 O and S Maahanmuuttovirasto Joined Cases C-356/11 and C-357/11 [2012] nyr O’Brien v Ministry of Justice Case C-393/10 [2012] nyr Omega Spielhallen- und Automatenaufstellungs-GmbH v Oberburgermeisterin€ der Bundesstadt Bonn Case C-36/02 [2004] ECR I-09609 Table of Cases 305

Opinion 1/91 (Draft agreement between the Community, on the one hand, and the countries of the European Free Trade Association, on the other, relating to the creation of the European Economic Area) [1991] ECR I-69079 Opinion 2/94 (Accession of the European Community to the ECHR) [1996] ECR I-01759 Opinion 1/09 (Draft agreement—Creation of a unified patent litigation system) [2011] ECR I-1137 Palmisani v Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale (INPS) Case C-261/95 [1997] ECR I-04025 Parliament v Commission Case C-403/05 [2007] ECR I-9045 Parliament v Council Case C-65/93 [1995] ECR I-643 Parti e´cologiste ‘Les Verts’ v European Parliament Case 294/83 [1986] ECR 1365 Pen˜arroja Joined Cases C-372/09 and C-373/09 [2011] ECR I-1785 Portugal v Commission Case C-88/03 [2006] ECR I-7115 Portugal v Council Case C-268/94 [1996] ECR I-06177 Poucet v Assurances Ge´ne´rales de France and Caisse Mutuelle Re´gionale du Languedoc-Roussillon Joined Cases C-159/91 and C-160/91 [1993] ECR I-00637 Povse Case C-211/10 PPU [2010] ECR I-6673 Prigge and Others v Deutsche Lufthansa AG Case C-447/09 [2011] ECR I-08003 Pringle v Governement of Ireland, Ireland and the Attorney General Case C-370/12 [2012] nyr Pupino Case C-105/93 [2005] ECR I-05285 Ratti Case 148/78 [1979] ECR 1629 Reinke Case C-336/08 [2010] ECR I-130 Reisch and others Joined Cases C-515/99, C-519/99 to C-524/99 and C-526/99 to C-540/99 [2002] ECR I-2157 Reynolds Tobacco and Others v Commission Case C-131/03 P [2006] ECR I-7795 Runevicˇ-Vardyn Case C-391/09 [2011] ECR I-3787 SACE v Finance Minister of the Italian Republic Case 33/70 [1970] ECR 01213 Sayn-Wittgenstein Case C-208/09 [2010] ECR I-13693 Scarlet Extended SA v Socie´te´ belge des auteurs, compositeurs et e´diteurs SCRL (SABAM) Case C-70/10 [2011] nyr Scattolon Case C-108/10 [2011] ECR I-07491 Sevince v Staatsecretaris Van Justitie Case C-192/89 [1990] ECR I-3461 Smits & Peerbooms Case C-157/99 [2001] ECR I-5473 Spain and Italian Republic v Council of the European Union Joined Cases C-274/ 11 and C-295/11 [2013] nyr Spain v Council of the European Communities Case 203/86 [1988] ECR 4563 Stamatelaki Case C-444/05 [2007] ECR I-3185 Steen v Deutsche Bundespost (Steen II) Case C-132/93 [1994] ECR I-2715 Sturgeon v Condor Flugdienst GmbH (C-402/07) and Bo¨ck and Lepuschitz v Air France SA (C-432/07) Joined Cases C-402/07 and 432/07 [2009] ECR I-10923 Torresi Joined Cases C-58/13 and C-59/13, OJ 2013 C/147/5 Uecker and Jacquet Case C-64/96 [1997] ECR I-3171 306 Table of Cases

Union General de Trabajos de la Rioja Joined Cases C-428/06 to C-434/06 [2008] ECR I-6747 Van Duyn v Home Office Case 41/74 [1974] ECR 1337 Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen Case 26/62 [1963] ECR 1 Vanbraekel Case C-368/98 [2001] ECR I-5363 Vaneetveld Case C-316/93 [1994] ECR I-769 Varec Case C-450/06 [2008] ECR I-581 Viking Line ABP and OU€ Viking Line Eesti Case C-438/05 [2007] ECR I-10779 Vinkov v Nachalnik Administrativno-nakazatelna deynost Case C-27/11 [2012] nyr Volker und Markus Schecke GbR Case C-92/09 [2010] ECR I-11063 von Chamier-Glisczinski Case C-208/07 [2009] ECR I-6095 von Colson and Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen Case 79/83 [1984] ECR 1891 Wachauf v Bundesamt fur€ Ernahrung€ und Forstwirtschaft Case 5/88 [1989] ECR 2609 Watts Case C-372/04 [2006] ECR I-4325 Winner Wetten Case C-409/06 [2010] ECR I-8015 Zambrano v Office national de l’emploi (ONEm) Case C-34/09 [2011] ECR I-01177 Zhu & Chen Case C-200/02 [2004] ECR I-9925 Zwartveld and others Case C-2/88 [1990] ECR I-03365

General Court of the European Union (Former Court of First Instance)

Camo´s Grau v Commission Case T-309/03 [2006] ECR II-1173 Elti d.o.o v Delegation of the European Union to Montenegro Case T-395/11 [2012] nyr Technoprocess v Commission and Delegation of the European Union to Morocco Case T-264/09 [2011] ECR II-00208 von Storch and Others v ECB Case T-492/12, OJ 2013 C 32/18 Yassin Abdullah Kadi v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities (Kadi I) Case T-315/01 [2005] ECR II-3649

European Court of Human Rights

A, B and C v Ireland [GC], No 25579/05, Judgment of 16 December 2010 Amann v Switzerland [GC], No 27798/95, Judgment of 16 February 2000 Costa and Pavan v Italy, No 54270/10, Judgment of 28 August 2012 Gross v Switzerland, No 67810/10, Judgment of 14 May 2013 Koch v Germany, No 497/09, Judgment of 19 July 2012 Table of Cases 307

M.S.S. v Belgium and Greece [GC], No 30696/09, Judgment of 21 January 2011 P. and S. v Poland, No 57375/08, Judgment of 30 October 2012 Pretty v United Kingdom, No 2346/02, Judgment of 29 April 2002 Rotaru v. Romania [GC], No 28341/95, Judgment of 4 May 2000 Tysia˛c v Poland, No 5410/03, Judgment of 20 March 2007 X and Y v the Netherlands, No 8978/80, Judgment of 26 March 1985

National Courts

Belgium

Constitutional Court of Belgium, Case 11/2009, 21 January 2009

Czech Republic

Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Pl. U´ S 5/12, 31 January 2012

France

Conseil constitutionnel, decision No 2004-505 DC, 19 November 2004 Cour de Cassation, FS+P+B+R, decision No 1040, 11 April 2012

Germany

German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), 1 BvR 400/51, 15 January 1958 German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), 2 BvE 2/08, 30 June 2009 German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), 2 BvR 2661/06, 6 July 2010 German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), 2 BvE 8/11, 28 January 2012 German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), 2 BvE 4/11, 19 June 2012 German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), 2 BvR 1390/12, 2 BvR 1421/12, 2 BvR 1438/12, 2 BvR 1439/12, 2 BvR 1440/12, 2 BvE 6/12, 12 September 2012 German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfGE), 1 BvR 1215/07, 24 April 2013 308 Table of Cases

Italy

Corte costituzionale, 16–30 December 1997, No 443

Latvia

Constitutional Court of Latvia, Case No. 2008-35-01, 7 April 2009

Poland

Polish Constitutional Tribunal, Ref. No K 32/09, 24 November 2010

Portugal

Portuguese Constitutional Court, Aco´rda˜o No 187/2013, 5 April 2013 Portuguese Constitutional Court, Aco´rda˜o No 474/2013, 29 August 2013

United States of America

US Supreme Court, McCulloch v Maryland 17 U.S. 316 (1819) US Supreme Court, Ableman v Booth 62 U.S. 506 (1858) US Supreme Court, Beer Co. v Massachusetts 97 U.S. 25 (1877) US Supreme Court, Hines v Davidowitz 312 U.S. 52 (1941) US Supreme Court, Rice v Santa Fe Elevator Corporation 331 U.S. 218 (1947) US Supreme Court, Nash v Florida Industrial Commission 389 U.S. 235 (1967) US Supreme Court, Jones v Rath Packaging Co. 430 U.S. 519 (1977) US Supreme Court, Hunt v Washington State Apple Advertising Commission 432 U.S. 333 (1977) US Supreme Court, United Transportation Union v Long Island R.R. Co. 455 U.S. 678 (1982) US Supreme Court, South Dakota v Dole 483 U.S. 203 (1987) US Supreme Court, English v General Electric Company 496 U.S. 72 (1990) US Supreme Court, Gade v National Solid Waste Management Association 505 U.S. 88 (1992) US Supreme Court, United States Term Limits v. Thornton 514 U.S. 779 (1994) US Supreme Court, United States v. Lopez 514 U.S. 549 (1995) Table of Cases 309

US Supreme Court, Medtronic Inc. v Lohr 518 U.S. 470 (1996) US Supreme Court, Crosby v National Foreign Trade Council 530 U.S. 363 (2000) US Supreme Court, American Insurance Association v Garamendi 539 U.S. 396 (2003) US Supreme Court, Riegel v Medronic, Inc. 06-179 (2008) US Supreme Court, National Federation of Independent Business et al. v Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services et al. 11-393 (2012) Index

A consumer protection, 121, 155–156 Accession. See also European Neighbourhood difference between rights and principles, Policy; EU treaties 137–138, 154–156 criteria, 183, 274, 279 environmental protection, 121, 153, enlargement rounds, 216, 268, 274 155–156 EU accession to the European Convention explanations to, 138, 141, 148, 153, 155, of Human Rights (see European 157, 172, 190, 297 Convention of Human Rights) to fair and effective trial, 147, 157, 192, 201 partnership, 272 to fair and just working conditions, 121 treaties, 4, 11, 14–15 freedom to conduct a business, 142 Acte clair doctrine, 204 to health (see Healthcare) Arab Spring, 118, 216, 229–230, 280–281, 283, horizontal application of, 137–159 286, 288. See also European intellectual property rights, 142 Neighbourhood Policy interaction with general principles of law, Asylum. See Solidarity 144, 147–148, 151–152 interpretation of horizontal provisions of, 137–159 B to legal aid, 147, 157 Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and the Ne bis in idem, 148 enforcement of judgments in civil prohibition of and commercial matters (1968), 68 age discrimination, 150 child labour, 121 sex discrimination, 150 C torture and inhuman or degrading Charter of fundamental rights. See also Direct treatment or punishment, 126 effect; Equality; European citizenship; protection European Convention of Human of personal data, 142, 157 Rights; European Court of Justice against unjustified dismissal, 121, 155 of access to placement services, 121 of young people at work, 121 Anglo-Polish protocol, 14, 137, 139–140, recognition of rights and EU 153–154, 183 competences, 67 balance among fundamental rights, 142 to reconcile family and professional life, binding force of, 7, 177, 182, 191, 202, 121, 150 294, 296 relation with the European Convention on of the child, 141, 150 Human Rights, 138, 145–146, 151, of collective bargaining and action, 121, 154, 157–159, 202–203 143, 155, 299 respect for cultural diversity, 145

L.S. Rossi and F. Casolari (eds.), The EU after Lisbon, 311 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04591-7, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 312 Index

Charter of fundamental rights. (cont.) evolutionary constitutions, 22, 24 respect for private and family life, 142, 144, formal and substantive constitutions, 21–22, 146, 149, 157–158, 202–203 24–26, 32–33, 127 role of the European Court of Justice, French constitution, 24, 89 137–159 Grundgesetz, 8, 24–25, 82 scope of application of, 86, 137–154, Hungarian constitution, 117 172–173, 190–191, 203–204, 206, Italian constitution, 24, 89 208, 297–299 national constitutional identities, 8–9, 53, to social and security assistance, 121, 142 98, 103–118, 173–174, 193–195, solidarity title of, 62, 121, 153–154, 180, 183 200, 207, 293 to strike, 140, 152, 155 Polish constitution, 8, 25, 115, 308 worker’s right to information and revolutionary constitutions, 24 consultation within the undertaking, Slovak constitution, 25 121, 151–152 U.S. constitution, 40–42, 45, 50–52 Climate change, 229 Coordination and Governance in the Economic Commerce clause. See Pre-emption and Monetary Union. See Fiscal Common Foreign and Security Policy. See EU compact external action Council of the European Union. See also EU Community Charter on Fundamental Social external action Rights of Workers (1989), 25 functioning and organization of the Foreign Community method, 5, 7, 16, 104, 127, 244, 252 Affairs Council, 231 shift toward the intergovernmental method rotating presidency of, 225–226, 233 and weakening of, 5–6, 111, 127, 252 Cyber security, 229 Competences. See also Charter of fundamental rights; EU external action; Healthcare; Loyal cooperation; Pre- D emption; Proportionality; Solidarity; Democracy. See also European Parliament; Subsidiarity Eurozone; Proportionality; allocation of competences between EU and Subsidiarity Member States, 4, 6–7, 37–54, democratic control by national parliaments, 163–164, 207, 234, 236 11, 14, 27–31, 34, 75–76, 83–84, EU exclusive competences, 38–40, 87, 109, 182, 186, 295 171, 195, 219, 232 power of the purse, 22, 26–27, 30, 33 EU parallel competences, 4, 179, 181, 183, EU approach to democratization, 281–287 203, 222 European elections, 6, 16–17, 282 EU shared competences, 5, 16, 39, 42, 66, principle of, 29, 61, 75–76, 82–85, 87–88 109, 193, 222, 233, 234 Direct effect. See also EU external action imbalance between EU and Member directives, 10, 142, 152 States, 5 EU international agreements, 10 principle of conferral, 13, 66, 75–76, 87, EU treaties, 10, 184, 222 111, 146, 164, 170–171, 181, 184, fundamental rights, 150–154, 182, 299 191, 225–226, 241–263, 295, 299 general principles, 10, 152 revision of, 7, 13, 15–16 Disaster (natural and man-made), 62, 64, 74, Conditionality. See European Neighbourhood 94, 98, 118–119, 258. See also EU Policy external action; Solidarity Constitution. See also Loyal cooperation; Supremacy Austrian constitution, 115 E Bulgarian constitution, 25 Economic and Monetary Union, 13, 16, 21–22, constitutional pluralism, 23, 111–118, 128, 28, 30–31, 33, 58–60, 64–65, 72–75, 191–195 77–79, 83, 86–90, 126, 127, 235. See economic constitution, 24–25, 33 also Eurozone EU constitution (see EU treaties) solidarity and (see Solidarity) Index 313

Effectiveness, 69, 86, 95–96, 100, 109–110, effectiveness of, 86, 96, 100, 109–110, 124, 124, 126, 147, 174, 190, 193, 195, 126, 193, 215–218, 220, 227, 232, 201, 215–218, 226–227, 232, 236, 236, 246, 248 242, 246, 248, 255–257, 282. See EU membership/representation in also EU external action; Loyal international organizations and fora, cooperation 103–104, 219, 232–234, 236 principle of, 69, 96, 147 European External Action Service (EEAS) Energy. See Solidarity mandate of, 224–225, 227, 229–231, Enhanced cooperation, 14, 16, 30, 65, 76. See 235, 241–243, 247–250, 258, also Flexibility 260–261, 263, 282, 299 Enlargement. See Accession role in crisis’ response, 242–243, Environmental policy. See Charter of 253–254, 256–260, 263 fundamental rights; Pre-emption role in management of development Equality. See also European citizenship cooperation, 241–242, 252–257, equality of the Member States before the 259–261, 299 law, 6, 9, 112, 193 status of, 224–225, 242, 248–249 EU principle of, 61, 66, 69–70, 72, 117, European Security Strategy (ESS), 229–231, 121, 145, 170, 175, 276, 298 243, 269–270 national principle of, 9, 117, 164–165, 174 EU treaty making power procedure, 226, principle of equal treatment and third- 273, 277–278, 300 country nationals, 9 High Representative of the Union for EU Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, legal personality of, 221 224–232, 235–236, 242, 247–250, nature of, 6, 15, 17, 23–24, 41, 59, 95, 293 254–257, 259, 261–263, 268, 281, EU external action. See also Competences; 283, 288, 299–300 Council of the European Union; multi-hatted role of, 244–225, 227, 232, Direct effect; Effectiveness; 248–249, 262–263 European Council; European Court humanitarian aid, 118, 122, 223, of Justice; European Neighbourhood 257–258, 260 Policy; European Parliament; international peace and security Eurozone; Institutional balance; (maintenance of), 223, 269 Loyal cooperation; Solidarity; mixed agreements, 110, 226, 232 Terrorism principles and objectives of, 217, 221, coherence of, 110, 215–220, 223, 225, 223–224, 234, 236, 269, 300 227–228, 230, 233, 235–236, treaty making power of the Member 241–263, 276, 299–300 States, 226 Common Commercial Policy, 223, 226 unity in international representation Common Foreign and Security Policy (principle of), 226, 233–236 direct effect of CFSP acts, 222–223, 236 European Bank for Reconstruction and duality between CFSP and CSDP, Development, 286 217, 224 European Central Bank. See also Economic duality between CFSP and non-CFSP and Monetary Union; Eurozone policies, 217–224, 227, 236, approach to the euro-crisis, 59, 67, 75, 85, 243–250, 256–261, 275, 300 87–89 nature of CFSP competence, 7, 222–223, bond purchases by, 89 227, 236 envisaged role in the banking union, 180, 279 non-affectation clause, 101, 223, 236, European citizenship. See also Charter of 244, 275–276 fundamental rights; Healthcare primacy of CFSP acts, 222–223, 236 citizenship directive, 163–164, 168, 171, scope of, 223, 236 200, 206 continuity of, 215–218, 227, 236 consular protection, 259 development co-operation, 223, 230–231, crisis of, 16 252–255 family reunification, 163–164, 170–173, 175 314 Index

European citizenship. (cont.) conditionality as fundamental status of Member States’ negative conditionality, 284, 287 citizens, 146, 162, 172–173, 197 positive conditionality, 284, 286 non-discrimination on the basis of principle of, 277, 286–288 nationality, 146, 167, 175 constitutionalisation of, 275 phenomenon of reverse discrimination, Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade 161–175, 178, 195, 206, 299–300 Areas, 284–285, 288 right to free movement and residence, 115, detachment from the EU external action, 145, 168–171, 173, 177, 198–200, 275–276 202, 207 Euro-Mediterranean Association scope of application of, 161–175 Agreements, 270–272, 287–288 European Commission ownership and differentiation principles, weakening of, 5–6 270, 283 European Convention of Human Rights. See Partnership and Cooperation Agreements, also Charter of fundamental rights 270–272, 278, 281, 288 EU accession to, 139 revision of, 230, 267–288 European Court of Human Rights, 73, 139, role of soft law instruments, 105, 266, 273, 143, 149, 153, 157–159, 194, 203–206 282, 288 margin-of-appreciation doctrine, 194, 207 European Parliament. See also Democracy role of the Committee of Ministers, 139 increasing involvement of, 5 European Council involvement in euro-crisis measures, 27–28, increasing role of, 5, 87, 195 31, 34, 76, 83–84 president of, 11, 16, 77, 83, 87, 225, 227 protocol allowing 18 additional members to strategic guidance in EU external action, 224 join the European Parliament, 4 European Court of Justice. See also Charter of role in the conclusion of international fundamental rights; Pre-emption; agreements, 5, 40, 226, 278 Supremacy, of EU law European Stability Facility, 29, 74, 85 codification of the ECJ’s case law, 8, 97 European Stability Mechanism. See also dialogue with national constitutional/ Community method; Democracy; supreme courts, 8, 13, 72, 113–118, Eurozone; EU treaties; Fiscal 164–166, 173, 191, 195 compact; Loyal cooperation; judicial activism of, 38, 178, 184–186 Solidarity limited role in CFSP domain, 101, 103–104, compatibility with EU primary law, 13, 79, 220, 222, 226, 236 294, 298 recourse to the margin-of-appreciation judgments of national constitutional/ doctrine, 113, 193–194, 207 supreme courts on, 13, 28–29, 58, European Economic Area (EEA), 280–281 80–83, 87, 90 European External Action Service. See EU no-bailout clause and, 13, 75, 78–80, 83, external action 86–90, 120, 126–128, 294, 296 European Financial Stabilization Mechanism, Pringle case, 13, 58, 61, 79–82, 86, 88–90, 74, 77 120, 126–128, 294, 296 European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Eurozone. See also Community method; 280–281 Competences; Democracy; European Investment Bank (EIB), 286 European Stability Mechanism; EU European Monetary Union. See Economic and treaties; Fiscal compact; Loyal Monetary Union cooperation; Solidarity European Neighbourhood Policy. See also crisis of, 4, 16, 31, 33–34, 58–90, 129, 206, Accession; Arab spring; EU external 216, 228, 286, 294–295 action Eurogroup, 16, 88 action plans, 105, 270–272, 276, 278 exit from, 72–73, 88 Article 8 TEU agreements, 267–268, external representation of, 225, 232–233, 236 273–281, 288 governance of, 47, 58, 126–127, 179, association agreements, 272, 276–279, 181, 218 286, 288 reform of, 16, 83, 116, 216, 220 Index 315

six-pack, 27–28, 30–31, 74, 294 EU constitutional change and, 22–23, stability of, 13, 16, 77, 126 30–34, 127, 294–295 two-pack, 27–28, 75 implementation of, 8–9, 32–33 EU treaties. See also Direct effect; Enhanced judgments of national constitutional/ cooperation; EU external action; supreme courts on, 28–30, 32, 58, European Neighbourhood Policy; 87, 114 European Stability Mechanism; Flexibility. See also Brussels Convention on Fiscal compact; Flexibility jurisdiction and the enforcement of Anglo-Polish protocol on the Charter of judgments in civil and commercial fundamental rights (see Charter of matters (1968); Enhanced fundamental rights) cooperation; Pru¨m convention; constitutional nature of, 7, 115, 205 Schengen agreements protocol allowing 18 additional members to flexibility clause (see EU treaties) join the European Parliament notion of, 64–65 (see European Parliament) relation with solidarity, 58–59, 65, 87–88 protocol on economic, social and territorial Fundamental rights agency, 117 cohesion, 65, 122 protocol on permanent structured cooperation in the framework of H common security and defence, 65 Harmonization, 181–182, 193, 198. See also protocol on privileges and immunities, 109 Healthcare; Internal market; protocol on services of general interest Pre-emption (see Services of general interest) implied harmonization, 39 protocol on the application of the principles minimum harmonization, 39, 53 of subsidiarity and proportionality, total harmonization, 39 28, 182, 187 Heads of State, 11, 82 protocol on the Irish concerns on the Lisbon free movement of, 107–108 Treaty, 4, 12, 14, 79 Healthcare. See also Charter of fundamental quasi constitutional nature of, 6–11, 15, 21 rights; Competences; Constitution; repeal of the pillar structure, 97–98, 219, 221 European Citizenship; revision of Harmonization; Internal market; accession treaties and, 4, 11, 14–15 Loyal cooperation; Solidarity; convention method, 7, 11–12, 15, Third-country nationals 111–113, 219–220, 273–274 EU constitutional foundations of, 181 differential integration and, 12, 16 EU healthcare policy, 177–208, 298 flexibility clause, 11, 14, 67, 87, 254 gravitational force of human rights, 188–191 intergovernmental conference, 7, 11–12, interaction with internal market rules, 156, 140, 220 178, 181–182, 184–186, 189, 192, ordinary revision procedure, 11–12, 15 195, 198–199, 205 passerelles and, 11, 14 link between EU citizenship and, 177, simplified revision procedure, 4, 12–14, 179–180, 186, 196–208, 279, 298 293–295 material scope of application of directive on cross-border healthcare, 187–188 patient mobility, 177–208, 298 F personal scope of application of directive Federalism. See also Pre-emption on cross-border healthcare, 187 American federalism, 38, 42–45 public-health considerations as mandatory cooperative federalism, 45, 53, 116 requirements, 185 dual federalism, 44–45, 53 right to, 121, 155, 179, 181, 183, 189–192, Fiscal compact. See also Community method; 199–204, 206, 298 Democracy; European Stability High Representative of the Union for Foreign Mechanism; Eurozone; EU treaties; Affairs and Security Policy. See EU Flexibility external action 316 Index

I flexibility of, 73, 79, 85 Identity Clause. See Constitution; Loyal intertwining loyalty and solidarity, 63, 94, cooperation; Supremacy 98, 118–129, 295–296 Inadimplenti non est adimplendum Clause, Pacta sunt servanda principle and, 95 106–107, 110, 287 primacy of EU law and, 10, 95–96, 100, Institutional balance, 87–88, 108, 128, 242, 112, 204 244, 246–248, 250–252, 254–255, principle of 257, 260–261. See also EU external conferral and, 98, 111, 225–226 action; Loyal cooperation institutional balance and, 108, 128 Intergovernmental Conference. See EU treaties reciprocation of loyalty duties, 94, 97–98, Intergovernmental method. See Community 106–111, 113, 226, 250–251 method respect for national constitutional identities Internal market, 15, 26, 39, 53, 142, 162, and, 94, 98, 111–118, 193–195 178–179, 181–182, 184–186, 189, 198, 205–206, 269, 276, 284. See also Competences; Harmonization; N Healthcare National parliaments. See Democracy; e-commerce, 142 Proportionality; Subsidiarity freedom of establishment, 139, 152, 156 Ne bis in idem. See Charter of fundamental free movement of rights capitals, 165, 284 goods, 165, 284 services, 165, 167, 195, 199, 284 O workers, 165 Open-coordination method, 5, 7, 16, 105 harmonising legislation under Article 114 Organization for Security and Co-operation in TFEU, 181–182 Europe (OSCE), 233 International Financial Institutions and Conferences (IFICs), 235 International law. See also Direct effect; P Terrorism Piracy, 118 autonomy of EU law from, 10–11, 293 Pre-emption fragmentation of, 245 EU doctrine of, 37–40, 42, 45 position in the EU hierarchy, 7, 10, 101, 118 U.S. doctrine of, 50–54 UN law and EU law, 10, 102–104 commerce clause and, 42, 44–46 International Law Commission, 245 conflict pre-emption, 46, 48–49 International Maritime Organization (IMO), express pre-emption, 46–47 109–110 field pre-emption, 46–48 International Monetary Fund, 235 implied pre-emption, 47–49 Iraq, 216, 219 spending power pre-emption, 49–50 invasion of, 216 Supremacy Clause and, 37, 40, 45–46 Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, 118 L Proportionality. See also Democracy Legal certainty/uncertainty, 32, 79, 87–88, 138, principle of, 9, 69, 182 163, 173–175, 195, 197 scrutiny by national parliaments, 69, Loyal cooperation. See also Solidarity 186–187 CFSP and, 99–104, 226 Pru¨m Convention, 68 codification of the loyalty principle, 97, 99, 296 direct effect of EU law and, 95–96, 100 R effectiveness of EU law and, 95–96, 100 Rule of law, 61, 79, 90, 95, 117, 181, 230, 252, federal loyalty and, 95 276, 282, 287 Index 317

S consistent interpretation doctrine, Schengen agreements, 68, 178, 281 95–96, 99, 145, 152, 185 Services of general economic interest, 25, national constitutional identities and, 121, 196 9–11, 112–114, 192–194 protocol on, 196 national constitutional/supreme courts Services of general interest, 25 and, 8–9, 112, 114, 204 Sincere cooperation. See Loyal cooperation supremacy of ECJ’s judgments, 8 Soft law. See European Neighbourhood Policy Supremacy Clause (see Pre-emption) Solidarity. See also Charter of fundamental rights; Democracy; Economic and Monetary Union; European Stability T Mechanism; Eurozone; Fiscal Terrorism. See also Solidarity compact; Flexibility; Loyal Counterterrorism-database case, 204, 206 Cooperation fight against, 118, 216, 218 agricultural policy and, 68–70 targeted sanctions, 101, 104, 219 asylum policy and, 6, 62–64, 66, 73–74, terrorist attack, 62, 119, 219 119, 123–126, 129, 196 Third-country nationals. See also Equality Common Foreign Security Policy and, family reunification of, 164, 171, 173, 175 61, 63 healthcare protection of, 187, 200–201 concept of, 59–60, 64, 72, 79, 80, 85, 87, Treaty making power. See EU external action 94, 98, 119–120, 185 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and conferred powers and, 76–82 Governance in the Economic and economic policy and, 62, 64, 72–87, 119, Monetary Union. See Fiscal 122–123, 126–128, 196, 295 Compact energy policy and, 62, 119 European Coal and Steel Community and, 62–63, 68–69 U exercise of EU competences and, 66–68 Union Civil Protection Mechanism, 257–259 interaction between national and EU United Nations Environment Programme solidarity, 71–72, 84, 85 (UNEP), 235 international solidarity, 120–121 UN Security Council, 102–103, 219 non-EU instruments and, 76, 85–87, 127, 129, 295–296 objective of, 63, 120–121, 124 V principle of, 59–74, 77, 78, 80–82, 84–87, Variable geometry. See Brussels Convention 90, 119–121, 126–127, 177–182, on jurisdiction and the enforcement 197, 205, 295–296, 298 of judgments in civil and relation with subsidiarity, 60 commercial matters (1968); Solidarity Clause, 61–62, 119, 123–125 Enhanced cooperation; Flexibility; value of, 60–65, 120–121, 183, 205 Pru¨m Convention; Schengen State aid, 156, 174 Agreements Subsidiarity Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties principle of, 28, 60, 66–67, 145, 180–182, (1969) 184, 187, 194, 204 general rule of interpretation, 105 scrutiny by the European Court of Justice, Pacta sunt servanda (see Loyal 184, 194 cooperation) test of, 28, 181–182, 194 Supremacy of EU law, 9, 11, 42, 86, 153, 191 (see also W Direct effect; EU external action; World Trade Organization (WTO), 23 Loyal cooperation) General Agreement on Trade in Services codification of, 7–8, 204, 222, 293 (GATS), 284