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Towards Context-Sensitive Domain of Islamic Knowledge Ontology Extraction

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Towards Context-Sensitive Domain of Islamic Knowledge Ontology Extraction International Journal for Infonomics (IJI), Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2010 Towards Context-Sensitive Domain of Islamic Knowledge Ontology Extraction Saidah Saad Naomie Salim Hakim Zainal Faculty of Info.Sc. and Faculty of Comp. Science Faculty of Islamic Study Tech and Info. Systems University Kebangsaan Universiti Kebangsaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia, Skudai, Johor UKM Bangi, Selangor Abstract On one hand, the categorisation of documents is (comparatively) cheap, but the quality of its Ontology is one of the essential topics in the document categorisation for larger sets of target scope of an important area of current computer categories as well as the understandability of its science and Semantic Web. Ontologies present well results is often quite low. On the other hand, the defined, straightforward and standardized form of quality of manual metadata may be very good, but the repositories (vast and reliable knowledge) where the cost of building an ontology and adding manual it can be interoperable and machine understandable. metadata typically are one or several orders of There are many possible utilization of ontologies magnitude higher than for automatic approaches. To from automatic annotation of web resources to gain both advantages, while diminishing both their domain representation and reasoning task. Ontology drawbacks at once, the authors of this paper propose is an effective conceptualism used for the semantic an approach of integrated ontology learning, web. However there is none of the research try to ontology population and text mining framework in construct an ontology from Islamic knowledge which order to build the ABox component and used the consist of Holy Quran, Hadiths and etc. Therefore as available Quranic indexing as a TBox (metadata). a first stage, in this paper we try to propose a simple Therefore, a methodology will be presented to methodology in order to extract a concept based on extract information from the Islamic Knowledge Al-Quran. Finally, we discuss about the experiment sources to build an ontology for a given domain. that have been conducted. Moreover the most of the representative documents for the ontology concept were determined by the domain experts. Throughout this research, 1. Introduction translations on the meaning of the AL-Quran at DEED collection by [5] have been referred to by Most information resources nowadays on Islamic focusing on prayer or ‘salat’ as a sample. Knowledge such as translations of Al-Quran and The aim of the paper is to describe on the Islamic Hadiths articles, that are available on the internet are concept and a methodology which is composed of considered as natural language text documents. rules and techniques of extracting concept and to However, the classical human readable data build the ontology of Islamic Knowledge. Following resources (like electronic books or web sites) present that, discussions will be made on the experiments serious problems for achieving machine that have been conducted based on the interoperability. This is why a structured way for aforementioned rules. representing information is required and ontologies (machine-processable representations that contain 2. Islamic Concept the semantic information of a domain), can be very useful. "This Concordance of the Quran satisfies a Every researchers working in the areas of paramount need of those - and there are millions of information retrieval, intelligent integration them - who have no command of the Arabic information, education, e-commerce and semantic language and yet desire to understand the Quran." [4] web seek to find categories of textual resources using Conceived as a reference work based on fourteen various fully automatic methods and, others working centuries of Islamic scholarship, The Islamic mainly in the areas of thesauri [2] and ontologies [7] Knowledge Ontology will bring to the English- predefine conceptual structures and assign metadata speaking world a unique semantic meaning in order to the documents that confirm to these conceptual to understand the Islamic Messages as described in structures. the Quran and Hadith . Its potential readers include academic scholars, whether specialising in the field of Quranic studies or working more generally in Copyright © 2010, Infonomics Society 197 International Journal for Infonomics (IJI), Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2010 other disciplines, as well as Muslims and non- definitions through genuine knowledge and Muslims looking for an authentic source of in-depth religious practices. and scholarly knowledge on the Quran and its iv. If there is no such explanation in the al-Quran, message. Hadith and the Prophets’s Acquaintances, then For both Muslims and non-Muslims, the need for words from the Tabi’ins are referred to. There a comprehensive meaning of the Quran has been in were also several Tabi’ins who gathered the existence since long before. The need has become an interpretations from the Acquaintances while essential for the Muslims because only about 20 extracting the decrees and debating the percent of them now understand the language of the evidences based on the correct source intake. Quran. The inability to directly access the multi- v. Knowing the Arabic language and its branch of layered linguistic richness of the original text of the knowledge: al-Quran was delivered by using the Quran and the number of non-Muslims who have Arabic language. Therefore, the understanding actually opened one of the many available of its content relies greatly on the description of translations of the Quran have increased the word’s meaning and insight based on the exponentially in recent years. After reading the first contexts. Meanings can differ due to the changes few pages, however, a vast majority of these readers in the case marks (i’rab). Those knowledge find it impossible to continue, for they encounter a include Nahu (syntax), neurology (morphology), text unlike any they have ever read[11]. In the multi- sentence construction knowledge that affects layered coherence of the Quran, all its themes meaning, knowing the clear and implicit emerge in short passages, creating an inimitable definition, as well as Balaghah knowledge that interplay between its imagery, oaths, parables, is translated through 3 main components; al- chronicles, warnings, and glad tidings. With so many Ma’ani, al-Bayan and al-Badi’ along with I’jaz’s elements of text coalescing, separating, reuniting, queries. and reemphasising each other at numerous levels, the vi. Knowing the basic principles on the various result can be a total incomprehensibility and knowledge related to al-Quran: Such as Qira’at confusion. However, there is no doubt that the knowledge (that assists in reciting of the al- content of the Quran which is of paramount Quran), Tauhid knowledge (to ensure that there importance in the life of Islam and the Muslims, the shall be no interpretation that deviates from the language and the vocabulary of revelation, both truth especially in verses that involves Allah and divinely chosen, are also important. When a Muslim His attibutes), Usul Fiqh knowledge, basic considers the Quran, three elements are of Tafsir knowledge (with emphasis on things that significance to him: what was revealed, the language help in terms of definition clarification, and in which it was revealed, and the vocabulary that was verse comprehension such as asbab al-nuzul, selected to convey the revelation [4] with the nasikh mansukh and so on.) semantic meaning. vii. Having caution in comprehension: This allows In order to develop a complete Islamic Ontology, interpreters to choose (tarjih-ing) one particular Al-Quran will be the main source because it is definition in comparison with other definitions divinely chosen and described as a way of life to or extracting a definition that is accurate in human beings. But in order to understand, organise accordance with the Islamic facts. or work with Al-Quran, there are prerequisites to be considered which are[6]: According to the development of the Islamic i. Prioritising on the interpretation of al-Quran by Knowledge Ontology, the need for a compilation of using its own verses: This is because if there is Ontology in different fields of Islamic Knowledge a simple verse of the al-Quran as found in was certainly obvious. Accordingly, the authors took certain chapters, its elaboration alternatively is the first step in this way and started to compile this found on the other chapter of the al-Quran. great project. So far, the compilation of the Ontology ii. Interpreting verses assisted by the Prophet of the Islamic Knowledge, the dictionary, glossary Muhammad SAW’s hadiths: Hadiths from the and general ontology of Islamic Knowledge are Prophet act as an elaborator and clarifier of the currently taking place. To support the Ontology, al-Quran. some short and useful information have been iii. If there is no such explanation in the Hadith, collected that will prepare the correct methods for then words from the Prophet’s Fellow the compilation of the lexicon. Acquaintances are referred to: The Fellow Acquaintances were more conversant with the 3. Understanding Al-Qur’an definitions of the al-Quran verses since they witnessed for themselves of the various events The Quran certainly contains knowledge of the and scenarios during the period of when the past and the future, and comprehending it from the Quran was revealed to the Prophet. They were Quran. However, this does not contravene with the also able to perfectly understand those fact that the Quran has literal meanings that are Copyright © 2010, Infonomics Society 198 International Journal for Infonomics (IJI), Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2010 understandable by anyone acquainted with the earth. Thus Allâh sets forth parables (for the truth Arabic language and its rules, which one may act and falsehood, i.e. Belief and disbelief).’(13:17). upon once he or she becomes clear after due research Another pattern that occurs in Quran is the words for supporting indications.
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