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The Ten Years' War in Cuba, 1868--1878 Ziegler, Vanessa Michelle Proquest Dissertations and Theses; 2007; Proquest Dissertations & Theses Full Text Pg

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The Ten Years' War in Cuba, 1868--1878 Ziegler, Vanessa Michelle Proquest Dissertations and Theses; 2007; Proquest Dissertations & Theses Full Text Pg The revolt of "the Ever-faithful Isle": The Ten Years' War in Cuba, 1868--1878 Ziegler, Vanessa Michelle ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 2007; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text pg. n/a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara The Revolt of "the Ever-faithful Isle": The Ten Years' War in Cuba, 1868-1878 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Vanessa Michelle Ziegler Committee in charge: Professor Francis A. Dutra, Chair Professor Sarah Cline Professor John Foran December 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3296184 Copyright 2007 by Ziegler, Vanessa Michelle All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3296184 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The Revolt of "the Ever-faithful Isle": The Ten Years' War in Cuba, 1868-1878 Copyright © 2007 by Vanessa Michelle Ziegler iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. VITA OF V ANESSA MICHELLE ZIEGLER December 2007 EDUCATION BA in History, University of California, San Diego, Revelle College, June 1998 MA in Latin American and Iberian Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, June 2000 PhD in History, University of California, Santa Barbara, December 2007 (expected) PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT Sept. 1998-Dec. 1999, Apr. 2000-June 2000, Sept. 2000-June 2001, Jan.-June 2002: Teaching Assistant, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of California, Santa Barbara Sept.-Dec. 2001, Sept.-Dec. 2002, Jan.-March 2003, Jan.-March 2005: Teaching Assistant, Department of History, University of California, Santa Barbara Apr.-May 2006: Guest Lecturer in Professor Gabriela Soto Laveaga's undergraduate course entitled "History 151 FQ: Latin American History through Film," Department of History, University of California, Santa Barbara Sept.-Dec. 2006: Teaching Associate, "Twentieth-Century Latin American Revolutions: Peasants, Women, and Workers," Department of History, University of California, Santa Barbara SCHOLARLY WORK "The Rise and Fall of Fulgencio Batista in Cuban Politics," Unpublished thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in Latin American and Iberian Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2000. 119 pp. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. AWARDS Teaching Assistantship, Department of History, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2002-2003 Philip W. Powell Prize, awarded for excellence in Latin American History, UCSB History Associates, University of California, Santa Barbara, May 2003 Humanities/Social Sciences Research Grant, UCSB Graduate Division, University of California, Santa Barbara, May 2003 Three Travel Grants for Archival Research, Department of History, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2003-2005 FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Cuban History Studies in Latin American History with Professors Sarah Cline, Francis A. Dutra, Cecilia Mendez, and David Rock Studies in U.S. Foreign Relations History with Professor Fredrik Logevall Studies in Theories of Revolutions (Sociology) with Professor John Foran v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT The Revolt of "the Ever-faithful Isle": The Ten Years' War in Cuba, 1868-1878 by Vanessa Michelle Ziegler The Ten Years' War (1868-1878) was Cuba's first intensive struggle for independence from Spain. This insurrection, however, has been treated frequently in Cuban historiography as a less significant precursor to the more studied War of Independence (1895-1898). The collapse of the Ten Years' War is intricately linked to the outcome of the War of Independence, which makes the Ten Years' War an important subject for study and research. The disastrous political, social, and racial conflicts of the first independence war offered sobering lessons to the Cuban insurgents, which they failed to fully understand in the final struggle. Thus, a more thorough analysis of the Ten Years' War will better explain the ambiguous results of the 1895 war. In this dissertation, I argue that a multi-class and multi-racial coalition of men and women mobilized against the Spanish regime in response to political repression and economic crisis in Cuba. The Cuban separatist movement succeeded in enacting a republican constitution, establishing a national government with state and local administrations, in holding elections, and in operating an economy based on limited resources. Civil-military disputes, conflicts based on racial fears and annexation to the United States, a divided expatriate community, and U.S. opposition to the Cuban VI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. insurgency contributed to its collapse, however. At the same time, political upheaval in Spain, conflicts between Spanish captain generals and conservatives in Cuba, and dilemmas confronting the Spanish Army on the island prevented a swift conclusion of the colonial armed struggle. This dissertation is based on extensive archival research, and published primary and secondary source analysis. Most of the research for this dissertation was undertaken in various archives and libraries of Madrid, Spain. Additionally, in the United States, I studied microfilm from the U.S. National Archives and the Library of Congress, and conducted research in the Department of Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Vll Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents Page Acknowledgments ........................................................................ IX Abbreviations ........................................................................ '. .. X Map of Cuba. .. Xl Introduction. .... xu Chapter 1 The Advent of the Ten Years' War ............................. ".... .. 1 2 "Patria y Libertad": The Cuban Republic and the Liberation Army.................................................. 38 3 A Failed Experiment in Liberalism: The Spanish Party and the Captaincy General (1868-1869) in Cuba ...................... 91 4 In Defense of the "National Integrity" of Spain: The Captaincy General (1869-1876) and the Spanish Army in Cuba ...................................................................... 123 5 U.S.-Spanish Foreign Relations over Cuba and the Cuban Separatist Junta in New york ......................... 173 6 War's End and a Tentative Peace ....................................... 207 Conclusion. 250 Appendices. 269 Bibliography ............................................................................... 282 Vlll Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge a number of people who have offered me valuable assistance in the researching and writing stages of my dissertation. First, I offer my deep gratitude to my doctoral advisor, Dr. Francis A. Dutra, for making my graduate studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara a rewarding experience. I feel privileged to have taken his courses, which have shaped my understanding of Latin American History. In addition to Dr. Dutra, I thank Dr. Sarah Cline and Dr. John Foran, also members of my dissertation committee, for their incisive critiques on drafts of my dissertation, which helped to improve it. Finally and most importantly, I reserve my deepest gratitude for my family­ my parents Victor and Lida Ziegler, my husband Yuriy Malikov, and my brother Alexander Ziegler. Their support and encouragement afforded the completion of this project. It is to my family that I dedicate my dissertation. IX Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abbreviations AHN Archivo Hist6rico Nacional AMAE Archivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores BNM Biblioteca Nacional (Madrid) IHCM Instituto de Historia y Cultura Militar RAH Real Academia de la Historia Doc. no. Document number Exp. Expediente Leg. Legajo Ms. Manuscrito Sign. Signatura USNA United States National Archives x Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Cuba, 1875 .~ Source: J[uan] M[iracle] de la C[oncepci6n], Elementos de la geografla de l~ isla de Cuba, con un mapa conforme al texto, arreglados para las clases inferiores de 2d ed. (Havana: Alorda y Gonzalez, 1875). primera enseilanza elemental, Reproduced with permission of
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