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Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women. -
Section 18.1, Han
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by Yves Goudineau
Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by Yves Goudineau UNESCO PUBLISHING MEMORY OF PEOPLES 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 1 Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 3 Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by YVES GOUDINEAU Memory of Peoples | UNESCO Publishing 34_Laos_GB_INT 7/07/03 11:12 Page 4 The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNESCO wishes to express its gratitude to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs for its support to this publication through the UNESCO/Japan Funds-in-Trust for the Safeguarding and Promotion of Intangible Heritage. Published in 2003 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy F-75352 Paris 07 SP Plate section: Marion Dejean Cartography and drawings: Marina Taurus Composed by La Mise en page Printed by Imprimerie Leclerc, Abbeville, France ISBN 92-3-103891-5 © UNESCO 2003 Printed in France 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 5 5 Foreword YVES GOUDINEAU It is quite clear to every observer that Laos owes part of its cultural wealth to the unique diversity which resides in the bosom of the different populations that have settled on its present territory down the ages, bringing with them a mix of languages, beliefs and aesthetic traditions. -
A Study from the Perspectives of Shared Innovation
SUBGROUPING OF NISOIC (YI) LANGUAGES: A STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SHARED INNOVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ESTIMATION by ZIWO QIU-FUYUAN LAMA Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2012 Copyright © by Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan Lama 2012 All Rights Reserved To my parents: Qiumo Rico and Omu Woniemo Who have always wanted me to stay nearby, but they have also wished me to go my own way! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation could not have happened without the help of many people; I own much gratitude to these people and I would take this moment to express my heartfelt thanks to them. First, I wish to express my deep thanks to my supervisor, Professor Jerold A Edmondson, whose guidance, encouragement, and support from the beginning to the final page of this dissertation. His direction showed me the pathway of the writing of this dissertation, especially, while working on chapter of phylogenetic study of this dissertation, he pointed out the way to me. Secondly, I would like to thank my other committee members: Dr. Laurel Stvan, Dr. Michael Cahill, and Dr. David Silva. I wish to thank you very much for your contribution to finishing this dissertation. Your comments and encouragement were a great help. Third, I would like to thank my language informants and other people who helped me during my field trip to China in summer 2003, particularly ZHANF Jinzhi, SU Wenliang, PU Caihong, LI Weibing, KE Fu, ZHAO Hongying, ZHOU Decai, SHI Zhengdong, ZI Wenqing, and ZUO Jun. -
Languages of Myanmar
Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 1 of 20 Languages of Myanmar [See also SIL publications on the languages of Myanmar.] Union of Myanmar, Pyeidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw. Formerly Burma. 42,720,196. Speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages: 28,877,000 or 78% of the population, Daic languages 2,778,900 or 9.6%, Austro- Asiatic languages 1,934,900 or 6.7%, Hmong-Mien languages 6,000 (1991 J. Matisoff). National or official language: Burmese. Literacy rate: 66% to 78%; 78.5% over 15 years old (1991). Also includes Eastern Tamang, Geman Deng, Iu Mien, Malay (21,000), Sylheti, Chinese (1,015,000), people from Bangladesh and India (500,000). Information mainly from F. Lebar, G. Hickey, J. Musgrave 1964; A. Hale 1982; B. Comrie 1987; R. B. Jones 1988; J. Matisoff et al. 1996; D. Bradley 1997; R. Burling ms. (1998). Blind population: 214,440. Deaf population: 2,684,514. Deaf institutions: 1. The number of languages listed for Myanmar is 109. Of those, 108 are living languages and 1 is extinct. Living languages Achang [acn] 1,700 in Myanmar (1983). West of the Irrawaddy River in Katha District, near Banmauk, scattered among the Lashi. Along the China border. Alternate names: Anchan, Chung, Atsang, Acang, Ngac'ang, Ngachang, Ngochang, Mönghsa, Tai Sa'. Dialects: Maingtha. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Northern More information. Akha [ahk] 200,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population total all countries: 449,261. Eastern part of Kengtung Shan State. Also spoken in China, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam. Alternate names: Kaw, Ekaw, Ko, Aka, Ikaw, Ak'a, Ahka, Khako, Kha Ko, Khao Kha Ko, Ikor, Aini, Yani. -
AYUTTHAYA, THAILAND Ayutthaya, Thailand © Center for the Study of Global Christianity, 2020
AYUTTHAYA, THAILAND Ayutthaya, Thailand © Center for the Study of Global Christianity, 2020 Cover Photo: Woman and children at the Festival of Light, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thai- land. Unsplash: Guille Álvarez Unless otherwise noted, data is sourced from the World Christian Database and the fol- lowing citation should be used: Todd M. Johnson and Gina A. Zurlo, eds., World Christian Database (Leiden/Boston: Brill, accessed December 2019). ABOUT THE CSGC The Center for the Study of Global Christianity is an academic research center that mon- itors worldwide demographic trends in Christianity, including outreach and mission. We provide a comprehensive collection of information on the past, present, and future of Christianity in every country of the world. Our data and publications help churches, mission agencies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to be more strategic, thoughtful, and sensitive to local contexts. Please visit our website at www.globalchristianity.org. DATA AND TERMS This dossier includes many technical terms related to the presentation of statistics. A complete methodology document is found here: https://www.gordonconwell.edu/ center-for-global-christianity/research/dossiers. We use a social scientific method for measuring religion around the world; namely, self-identification. If a person calls herself a Christian, then she is a Christian. We measure Christians primarily by denominational affiliation in every country of the world and these data are housed in the World Christian Database. Ethnolinguistic people groups are distinct homogeneous ethnic or racial groups within a single country, speaking its own language (one single mother tongue). These dossiers measure gospel access (also known as “evangelization”) by a number of variables, including but not limited to, evangelistic outreach, church planting, personal witnessing, sharing on social media, etc. -
Two Related Indigenous Writing Systems: Canada's Syllabic and China's A-Hmao Scripts
TWO RELATED INDIGENOUS WRITING SYSTEMS: CANADA'S SYLLABIC AND CHINA'S A-HMAO SCRIPTS R. Alison Lewis University of Lincoln Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom Louis-Jacques Dorais Departement d'anthropologie Universite Laval Quebec, Quebec Canada, G1 K 7P4 Abstract I Resume Around 1840, a team of Ojibwa and Cree speakers working with Rev. James Evans, a British Wesleyan missionary, developed a syllabic writ ing system which disseminated rapidly among the Cree and other north ern Canadian Aboriginal nations. Some 65 years later, in 1904, another Methodist, Rev. Samuel Pollard, who also worked in close collaboration with local people, supervised the elaboration of a script for transcribing the language of the A-hmao, an Aboriginal minority in south-western China. This article tells the story ofthese two writing systems, discusses the evidence of a connection between them, and describes their similar educational role in terms of social empowerment. Vers 1840, une equipe formee de locuteurs de I'ojibway et du cri travaillant en collaboration avec Ie Reverend James Evans, un missionnaire wesleyen d'origine britannique, developpa un systeme d'ecriture syllabique qui se repandit rapidement chez les Cris et d'autres nations autochtones du Nord canadien. Quelque 65 ans plus tard, en 1904, un autre methodiste, Ie Reverend Samuel Pollard, qui travaillait lui aussi en etroite collaboration avec les populations locales,supervisa l'elaboration d'une ecriture pour transcrire la langue des A-hmao, une minorite autochtone du sud-ouest de la Chine. Cet article raconte l'histoire de ces deux systemes d'ecriture, discute d'une relation probable entre eux, et decrit leur role educatif en termes d'outils de pouvoir social. -
Biodiversity/Ecotourism Assessments in Yunnan
Page 1 of 16 ADB RETA 5771 Poverty Reduction & Environmental Management in Remote Greater Mekong Subregion Watersheds Project (Phase I) BIODIVERSITY/ECOTOURISM ASSESSMENTS IN YUNNAN, CHINA Special Report By Johanna Heinonen Katariina Vainio-Mattila Junior Biodiversity/ Ecotourism Experts CONTENTS 1. Facts About Yunnan Province 3 2. Survey Methods 4 3. Human Impact 5 3.1 Cultivation 5 3.2 Wild animals as pests 5 3.3 Non-timber forest products 5 3.4 Hunting 6 3.5 Fishing 7 3.6 Domestic animals 7 4. Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve 9 4.1 Protected area level assessment 9 4.2 Population 9 4.3 Physical geography 9 4.4 Primary forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna 10 4.5 Secondary vegetation of Xishuangbanna 11 Page 2 of 16 4.6 Flora 11 4.7 Fauna 11 4.8 Divisions of the Xishuangbanna Reserve 12 5. Nabanhe Provincial Nature Reserve (261 km2) 18 6. Weiyuanjiang Provincial Nature Reserve (77 km2) 19 7. Banma Snow Mountain Reserve (255 km2) 20 8. Tianchi Provincial Nature Reserve (66 km2) 22 9. Summary 23 10. Acknowledgements 24 11. References 25 APPENDIX 1. Recorded bird species in the reserves APPENDIX 2. Recorded mammal species in the reserves 1. Facts About Yunnan Province Yunnan Province is located in southern China bordering Myanmar (Burma), Lao PDR and Viet Nam. It is the sixth largest province (covering 394,000 km 2) having a human population of about 40 million. About one third belong to ethnically non-Han groups, for example the Yi, Bai, Naxi, Hani and Dai. Compared with other provinces, Yunnan is geographically the most diverse with terrain ranging from tropical rainforest to Tibetan highlands. -
Section 18.1, Han
The Unicode® Standard Version 12.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2019 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 12.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-22-1 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/) 1. -
Antonio Baroni
Alphabetic vs. non-alphabetic writing: Linguistic fit and natural tendencies Antonio Baroni This article has two main purposes. The first one is to prove that the alleged superiority of the alphabet to other writing systems (syllabic and logosyllabic ones) is an ethnocentric prejudice and that the optimality of a writing system has to be measured following a series of criteria which cannot be reduced to the faithful mapping of sounds. The second one is to incorporate into the graphemic theory external data and new approaches to develop new methods of investigation and to emancipate graphemics from phonology. The structure of the article is composed of seven parts. First of all, we discuss some definition problems; then, in the introduction, the main points of view about the alphabetic principle are exposed and in chapter 2 the relationships between writing systems and language percep- tion are investigated. In chapter 3 we attempt to define some criteria to judge the degree of optimality of the different writing systems. In chapter 4 we try to find some patterns of predictability of the degree of opacity and transparency of some of the main European writing systems (the opaque English, French and Danish orthographies and the shallow Finnish and Italian orthographies). In chapter 5 we shortly examine the natural evolu- tion of writing in recent times: Internet, SMS and new writing systems. Finally, in chapter 6 we try to draw some temporary conclusions.* Definitions Before starting our investigation about the degrees of optimality of the different writing systems, it would be better to deal with defini- tion problems. -
Prosodic Analysis and Asian Linguistics: to Honour R.K
PACIFIC LINGIDSTICS Series C - No.l04 PROSODIC ANALYSIS AND ASIAN LINGUISTICS: TO HONOUR R.K. SPRIGG David Bradley, Eugenie 1.A. Henderson and Martine Mazaudon eds Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PACIFIC LIN GUISTICS is issued through the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and consists of four series: SERIES A: Occasional Papers SERIES C: Books SERIESB: Monographs SERIES D: Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: S.A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton, M.D. Ross EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender H. P. McKaughan University of Hawaii University of Hawaii David Bradley_ P. Miihlhl1usler LaTrobe University Bond University Michael G. Clyne G.N. O' Grady Monash University University of Victoria, B.C. S.H. Elbert A.K. Pawley University of Hawaii University of Auckland K.J. Franklin KL. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Instituteof Linguistics W.W. Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W. Grace GillianSan koff Universi� of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K. Halliday W.A.L. Stokhof University of Sydney University of Leiden E. Haugen B.K. T'sou HarvardUniversity CityPolytechnic of Hong Kong A. Healey E.M. Uhlenbeck Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Leiden L.A. Hercus J .W.M. Verhaar AustralianNational University Divine Word Institute, Madang John Lynch CL. Voorhoeve Umversity of PapuaNew Guinea University of Leiden K.A. McElhanon Summer Institute of Linguistics All correspondence concerningPACIFIC LIN GUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: PACIFIC LIN GUISTICS Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies The AustralianNational University Canberra, A.C.T. -
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works Title The Journal of World Literature: The Chinese Scriptworld Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xw2v7bt Author Park, Sowon Publication Date 2021-06-28 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of World Literature Volume 1 Number 2, 2016 The Chinese Scriptworld and World Literature Guest-editor: Sowon S. Park Journal of World Literature (1.2), p. 0 The Chinese Scriptworld and World Literature CONTENTS Introduction: Transnational Scriptworlds Sowon S. Park … 1 Scriptworlds Lost and Found David Damrosch … 13 On Roman Letters and Other Stories: An Essay in Heterographics Charles Lock … 28 The Chinese Script in the Chinese Scriptworld: Chinese Characters in Native and Borrowed Traditions Edward McDonald … 42 Script as a Factor in Translation Judy Wakabayashi … 59 The Many Scripts of the Chinese Scriptworld, the Epic of King Gesar, and World Literature Karen L. Thornber … 79 Eating Murasaki Shikibu: Scriptworlds, Reverse-Importation, and the Tale of Genji Matthew Chozick … 93 From the Universal to the National: The Question of Language and Writing in Twentieth Century Korea Lim HyongTaek … 108 Cultural Margins, Hybrid Scripts: Bigraphism and Translation in Taiwanese Indigenous Writing Andrea Bachner … 121 The Twentieth Century Secularization of the Sinograph in Vietnam, and its Demotion from the Cosmological to the Aesthetic John Duong Phan … 140 Journal of World Literature (1.2), p. 1 The Chinese Scriptworld and World Literature Introduction: Transnational Scriptworlds Sowon S. Park Oxford University [email protected] The Chinese Scriptworld and World Literature This special issue brings into focus the “Chinese scriptworld,” the cultural sphere inscribed and afforded by Chinese characters.