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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
Introduction to BI-Tagavad-Gita
TEAcI-tER'S GuidE TO INTROduCTioN TO BI-tAGAVAd-GiTA (DAModAR CLASS) INTROduCTioN TO BHAqAVAd-qiTA Compiled by: Tapasvini devi dasi Hare Krishna Sunday School Program is sponsored by: ISKCON Foundation Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. History ofthe Kuru Dynasty 3 2. Birth ofthe Pandavas 10 3. The Pandavas Move to Hastinapura 16 4. Indraprastha 22 5. Life in Exile 29 6. Preparing for Battle 34 7. Quiz 41 Crossword Puzzle Answer Key 45 Worksheets 46 9ntroduction "Introduction to Bhagavad Gita" is a session that deals with the history ofthe Pandavas. It is not meant to be a study ofthe Mahabharat. That could be studied for an entire year or more. This booklet is limited to the important events which led up to the battle ofKurlLkshetra. We speak often in our classes ofKrishna and the Bhagavad Gita and the Battle ofKurukshetra. But for the new student, or student llnfamiliar with the history ofthe Pandavas, these topics don't have much significance ifthey fail to understand the reasons behind the Bhagavad Gita being spoken (on a battlefield, yet!). This session will provide the background needed for children to go on to explore the teachulgs ofBhagavad Gita. You may have a classroonl filled with childrel1 who know these events well. Or you may have a class who has never heard ofthe Pandavas. You will likely have some ofeach. The way you teach your class should be determined from what the children already know. Students familiar with Mahabharat can absorb many more details and adventures. Young children and children new to the subject should learn the basics well. -
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA PARVA translated by Kesari Mohan Ganguli In parentheses Publications Sanskrit Series Cambridge, Ontario 2002 Salya Parva Section I Om! Having bowed down unto Narayana and Nara, the most exalted of male beings, and the goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered. Janamejaya said, “After Karna had thus been slain in battle by Savyasachin, what did the small (unslaughtered) remnant of the Kauravas do, O regenerate one? Beholding the army of the Pandavas swelling with might and energy, what behaviour did the Kuru prince Suyodhana adopt towards the Pandavas, thinking it suitable to the hour? I desire to hear all this. Tell me, O foremost of regenerate ones, I am never satiated with listening to the grand feats of my ancestors.” Vaisampayana said, “After the fall of Karna, O king, Dhritarashtra’s son Suyodhana was plunged deep into an ocean of grief and saw despair on every side. Indulging in incessant lamentations, saying, ‘Alas, oh Karna! Alas, oh Karna!’ he proceeded with great difficulty to his camp, accompanied by the unslaughtered remnant of the kings on his side. Thinking of the slaughter of the Suta’s son, he could not obtain peace of mind, though comforted by those kings with excellent reasons inculcated by the scriptures. Regarding destiny and necessity to be all- powerful, the Kuru king firmly resolved on battle. Having duly made Salya the generalissimo of his forces, that bull among kings, O monarch, proceeded for battle, accompanied by that unslaughtered remnant of his forces. Then, O chief of Bharata’s race, a terrible battle took place between the troops of the Kurus and those of the Pandavas, resembling that between the gods and the Asuras. -
Sri Aurobindo's Aswapati
Sri Aurobindo’s Aswapati : Negotiating the Vedic ‘Horse’ as a Symbol Rudrashis Datta Raiganj B. Ed. College, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal Abstract The horse has occupied a pride of place among the animals in most civilizations since ancient times, more so in the Vedic age where it was not only used as a military asset but also as a powerful symbol that concerned the kings and the subjects alike. However, it is in its symbolic context that the horse or aswa in Sanskrit has generated multiple interpretations. This study focuses on some of the symbolic aspects of the horse as evident in early Vedic Sanskrit texts and highlights the interpretation of Sri Aurobindo which served in significantly bringing down semantic differences in the context of the horse symbol. Aswapati, an important character in Sri Aurobindo’s epic Savitri is an elaborate illustration of Sri Aurobindo’s reading of the aswa as representative of ‘prana’ or life energy. This study illustrates that Sri Aurobindo’s approach essentially harmonized the varied and often conflicting nuances which were generated as different systems of interpretations approached the symbol in accordance with their limited range of belief systems. [Keywords: Sri Aurobindo, Savitri, Aswapati, Horse, Symbol] It is perhaps universally accepted that the horse has occupied a primal place among animals in the context of the classical Sanskrit texts right up to the puranas. Aswa, as it was so termed, was a prized creature since the early Vedic age largely because of the leverage it gave to humans in terms of its mobility, agility and resilience. -
Islamic and Indian Art Including Sikh Treasures and Arts of the Punjab
Islamic and Indian Art Including Sikh Treasures and Arts of the Punjab New Bond Street, London | 23 October, 2018 Registration and Bidding Form (Attendee / Absentee / Online / Telephone Bidding) Please circle your bidding method above. Paddle number (for office use only) This sale will be conducted in accordance with 23 October 2018 Bonhams’ Conditions of Sale and bidding and buying Sale title: Sale date: at the Sale will be regulated by these Conditions. You should read the Conditions in conjunction with Sale no. Sale venue: New Bond Street the Sale Information relating to this Sale which sets out the charges payable by you on the purchases If you are not attending the sale in person, please provide details of the Lots on which you wish to bid at least 24 hours you make and other terms relating to bidding and prior to the sale. Bids will be rounded down to the nearest increment. Please refer to the Notice to Bidders in the catalogue buying at the Sale. You should ask any questions you for further information relating to Bonhams executing telephone, online or absentee bids on your behalf. Bonhams will have about the Conditions before signing this form. endeavour to execute these bids on your behalf but will not be liable for any errors or failing to execute bids. These Conditions also contain certain undertakings by bidders and buyers and limit Bonhams’ liability to General Bid Increments: bidders and buyers. £10 - 200 .....................by 10s £10,000 - 20,000 .........by 1,000s £200 - 500 ...................by 20 / 50 / 80s £20,000 -
The Gita According to GANDHI
The Gita according to GANDHI The Gospel of Selfless Action OR The Gita according to GANDHI By: Mahadev Desai First Published: August 1946 Printed & Published by: Vivek Jitendrabhai Desai Navajivan Mudranalaya Ahmedabad 380 014 (INDIA) www.mkgandhi.org Page 1 The Gita according to GANDHI Forward The following pages by Mahadev Desai are an ambitious project. It represents his unremitting labours during his prison life in 1933-'34. Every page is evidence of his scholarship and exhaustive study of all he could lay hands upon regarding the Bhagavad Gita, poetically called the Song Celestial by Sir Edwin Arnold. The immediate cause of this labour of love was my translation in Gujarati of the divine book as I understood it. In trying to give a translation of my meaning of the Gita, he found himself writing an original commentary on the Gita. The book might have been published during his lifetime, if I could have made time to go through the manuscript. I read some portions with him, but exigencies of my work had to interrupt the reading. Then followed the imprisonments of August 1942, and his sudden death within six days of our imprisonment. All of his immediate friends decided to give his reverent study of the Gita to the public. He had copies typed for his English friends who were impatient to see the commentary in print. And Pyarelal, who was collaborator with Mahadev Desai for many years, went through the whole manuscript and undertook to perform the difficult task of proof reading. Hence this publication. Frankly, I do not pretend to any scholarship. -
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi Chapter XXVI Drona takes charge as Commander-in-chief On the eleventh day Drona was made the Commander in chief. Karna also joined him. Duryodhana asked Drona to arrest Yudhishtira. Drona initiated a bitter fighting and tried to arrest Yudhishtira. However, Arjuna made a counter attack and failed the effort of Drona arresting Yudhishtira. Bhima also gave a tough fight. On that night Duryodhana expressed his displeasure to Drona for not arresting Yudhishtira. Drona suggested, “If Arjuna was diverted from the main field of the battle Yudhishtira could be arrested”. On the twelfth day Susharma and Samsatakas were asked to take away Arjuna to some other area of the battlefield. Satyaratha, Satyavarma, Satyavrata, Satyeshu and Satyakarma were called Samsaptakas as these had taken an oath to kill Arjuna in the presence of a ritual fire. They took Arjuna in the presence of a ritual fire. They took Arjuna aside and started fighting. In the meanwhile, Duryodhana asked Bhagadatta to confront Bhima. Bhima hit the elephant Supratika of Bhagadatta. Sri Krishna saw this confrontation between Bhima and Bhagadatta. He thought Bhagadatta might employ vaisnavastra which he alone could pacify. Therefore, he started to come to this area with Arjuna. He Samsaptakas tried to prevent Arjuna. He employed Sammohana astra and moved towards Bhagadatta. Arjuna and Bhagadatta started fighting. Bhagadatta employed vaisnavastra. Sri Krishna received it and it became Vaijayanthi mala. Arjuna hit Bhagadatta and his elephant Supratika. Both died, Arjuna killed Achala and Vrishika the two younger brothers of Shakuni. Shakuni employed certain magical weapons. -
Chapter X Samudra Mathana the Delineation of the Vedavyasavatara
Chapter X Samudra mathana The delineation of the Vedavyasavatara is the theme of the tenth chapter. However, as a preliminary to it, the samudramathana episode is narrated. The purpose of Vyasavatara was to remove ignorance and confusion caused by the curse of Gautama in respect of the knowledge enshrined in the Vedas, Pancharatra, Itihasapurana, and other sacred pieces of literature. For such an ignorance and confusion Kali was considerably responsible. He arose at the time of the samudramathana along with poison. Not only the personality of Kali was Kali but the ignorance and the confusion caused by him were also Kali. Destroying these was meant to destroy Kali. This was the purpose of Vyasavatara. Therefore, in order to point out that such a Kali had arisen at the time of samudramathana, that episode is narrated in the tenth chapter before the narration of Vyasavatara. The details of samudramathana are well-known. Therefore, only such items that are especially mentioned in Tatparyanirnaya and that have a deep religious significance will be stated here. At the close of the 28th Dvapara Yuga, Chaturmukha Brahma, Shiva, Indra, and other deities approached Lord Vishnu present at Shvetadvipa at the center of Kshirasamudra. They offered prayers to Him and informed Him that due to Durvasa's curse, Indra lost his power and glory and was defeated by the demons. Therefore, they had come to Him seeking protection. As per the instructions of Lord Vishnu, the deities entered into an agreement with the demons through Bali Chakravarthi and attempted to bring the Mandara mountain for samudramathana. -
“Be It Earth and Its Vast Expanse Or the Endless Space Or the Water in The
“Be it earth and its vast expanse or the endless space or the water in the river, lake or ocean, the medicinal herbs and the vegetation, the god of universe and the Brahma (the creator of universe), let there be peace everywhere………… Rigveda KEY THEME The bountiful nature Indian art in many senses is the reflection of Indian philosophy. This exhibition, designed for gallery no. 3 is woven around one such thought which echo the concern of our ancestors for the conservation of nature. The theme is reflected very frequently in Indian literature and Art. Nature in Indian context is always viewed as a part of divinity and revered. The thought is very well reflected in one of the prayers in Rigveda which consists of oldest layers of Sanskrit literature in ancient India. The sage pray thus: “Be it earth and its vast expanse or the endless space or the water in the river, lake or ocean, the medicinal herbs and the vegetation, the god of universe and the Brahma (the creator of universe) let there be peace everywhere…………” Today when the whole world is concern about the disastrous environmental situation mainly caused by the human negligence its right time to peep into the past and reevaluate the values that our ancient thinkers have enforced to make this world a better place to live. Selection of the objects The object selected for the exhibition represents the three vital elements – space, earth and water. Surya, the Sun god, 11th century, Eastern India Ht:1295 csm The river goddess Ganga Sand stone, North India, 10th century A.D. -
Are These Statements About Hindu Mythology Fact Or Fiction?
EVENT GUIDE To prepare for your Pandava event, use the following tips to get your event prepped and ready. DECORATING varies based on the region of the country from where No Pandava party is complete without the right it developed, get partygoers up and moving with decor! The covers of the Pandava series can be your some step-by-step instructions on basic elements to inspiration; use its palette of the artwork to adorn Indian dance. your space. Embellish the art by creating images of mythological animals (such as the tiger, crocodile, ram, BOO’S NEWS three-headed elephant, peacock, swan, and seven-headed In Aru Shah and the End of Time, Boo serves as a horse that pledge themselves to serve Aru and Mini for messenger, teacher, and guide to Aru and Mini. Have their battle with the Sleeper). event attendees sit in a straight row and play a few rounds of Boo’s News (a variation of the game telephone) where Alternatively, for a simpler plan, decorate your the person at the end of the row quickly and quietly space with bright, vibrant colors (especially reds and shares a favorite fact about a chosen mythology or why golds) using bright fabric or butcher paper and adorn they are excited to read Aru Shah and the End of Time your space with an abundance of white twinkle lights. into the ear of the person sitting next to him or her. From there, each person repeats this process and passes the FOOD information down the line. Once it gets to the end, have The foods of India are as diverse as the people and the final person share what was said to them to see how culture; in that spirit, set up a feast for attendees that close to the original news the “fact” was. -
Discernment: the Message of the Bhagavad-Gita
Acta Theologica 2013 Suppl 17: 271-290 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/actat.v32i2S.14 ISSN 1015-8758 © UV/UFS <http://www.ufs.ac.za/ActaTheologica> K. Perumpallikunnel DISCERNMENT: THE MESSAGE OF THE BHAGAVAD-GITA ABSTRACT The Bhagavad-Gita is an intelligent response to a perennial human predicament which other religions and philosophies also tried to resolve in their own way. Human beings often stood perplexed and mystified as they confronted paradoxical situations in life that demanded action. Discerning right from wrong often became an existential predicament. The Pandava prince Arjuna found himself standing on the shaky ground of Kurukshetra not knowing the way forward. Lord Krishna outlines for him the path towards gaining flawless self-knowledge and self-mastery from his sorrowful state of confusion and opened his eyes to perceive the truths beyond appearances. Krishna instructs him that, when a person is capable of watching everything that happens within and around him dispassionately and acting with an attitude of detachment, he attains sthithaprajna (equanimity) and samadhai (liberation). 1. INTRODUCTION The subject matter of the Bhagavad-Gita (The song of God) is nothing other than discernment (Ramacharaka 2010:3). According to the Gita, discernment is all about nityanithya vastu viveka (discernment of the eternal and temporal realities) (Kaji 2001:27). Lord Krishna, the supreme Guru, tutors his confused disciple, Arjuna, to lead him from the state of maya (illusion) to the perfect understanding of satyasya satyam (really real). Krishna outlines for Arjuna the path towards gaining flawless self- knowledge and self-mastery from his sorrowful state of confusion (1:47). -
Hierarchical Classification of Warriors (Human Resources) in Mahabharat War
September 2017, Volume 4, Issue 09 JETIR (ISSN-2349-5162) HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF WARRIORS (HUMAN RESOURCES) IN MAHABHARAT WAR 1PROF. DR. S.K.SHARMA, 2SOURABH KRISHNA JOSHI 1Dean, Management Faculty, 2Asst. Prof. Commerce Faculty, 1 2 Jodhpur National University Jodhpur (RAJ), Mahila PG MahaVidyalay, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Jodhpur. Abstract: The war of the Mahabharata was as destructive, the mysterious for today's generation is also a matter of research even after years, and how that battle was fought without the latest technical resources? But it was Yogiraj Lord Yuyutsu, who can be called the father of modern SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, fought a war on behalf of Pandavas and judiciously utilized available resources. Krishna's diplomacy that even a relatively small group of less warriors in this crusade demonstrated vitality in front of the more powerful warriors. Today in the war, armies want to avoid fighting face to face, because Massacre is fixed. Nowadays, there are battalions, regiments, squadrons in every country's army, in the same way, in the Mahabharata period; "Akshauhini" was assessed by the army. Akshauhini was called a complete unit of the army. It had four integral components, i.e. foot soldiers, the cavalry i.e. on Elephant, the warrior rider and the charioteer, the warrior rider that was called a smart army. Akshauhini used to be the measure of army in ancient India. This is the Sanskrit word. There are some differences in its number from different sources. According to the Mahabharata, there were 21,870 chariots, 21,870 elephants, 65,610 horsemen and 1,09,350 infantry soldiers.