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CONTENT 1.MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 03 2.ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 05 3.HIGHLIGHTS OF ACHIEVEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 06 Coexistence of Conserve and Research----“The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species ” services biodiversity protection and socio-economic development ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 06 The Structure, Activity and New Drug Pre-Clinical Research of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids ………………………………………… 09 Anti-Cancer Constituents in the Herb Medicine-Shengma (Cimicifuga L) ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 Floristic Study on the Seed Plants of Yaoshan Mountain in Northeast Yunnan …………………………………………………………………… 11 Higher Fungi Resources and Chemical Composition in Alpine and Sub-alpine Regions in Southwest China ……………………… 12 Research Progress on Natural Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Inhibitors…………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Predicting Global Change through Reconstruction Research of Paleoclimate………………………………………………………………………… 14 Chemical Composition of a traditional Chinese medicine-Swertia mileensis……………………………………………………………………………… 15 Mountain Ecosystem Research has Made New Progress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Plant Cyclic Peptide has Made Important Progress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Progresses in Computational Chemistry Research ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 New Progress in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… -
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REFERENCES ,, Allen, W. Sidney l953. Phonetics in ancient India. London: Oxf~rd University Press. Bill Dizhou and Yu Shichang 1954. 'GuanZhiihg fiingyin diaoclia baogao. Yuyan zhuankan ' 6. P~king: zh~ngguo Kexueyuan. .• Bao.Mingwei 1980. Liushinian 1~ ~anjlng fiingyin xiang P..iitiinghu;i k~olong qingkuang pe lcaocha: Zhong'guo Yuwen 4, 241-5. • Barnes Dayle 1974. Language planning in Mainland China: stanCiardization. In Joshua A. 'Fishman (ed.), Advances in languageplanni~g. the Hague: Mouton. · Beijing Daxue 1962. Hanyiifiingyfn zihui. Peking: Wenzi Gaige Chubanshe. ~eijing Daxue 1964. Hanyiifiingyan cihui. Pekin&: 'wenzi Gaige Chubanshe. Benedict, Paul K. 1942. Thai, Kadai and Indonesian: a new alignment in Southeastern Asia. American Anthropologi1t 44, 576-601. Benedict, Paul 1972. Sino-Tibetan: a conspectus. Contributing editor, James A. Matisoff. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Benedict, Paul K. 1975. Austro-Thai language and culture, with a glossary of roots. New Haven: Human ReJations Area Files Press. Benedict, Paul K. 1976. Rhyming dictionary of Written Burmese. Linguistics of the Tibeto Burman area, vol. 3, no. 1. Benveniste, Emile 1971. Problems in genera/linguistics. Coral Gables: University of Miami Press: (Onginal title: Prob/emes de linguistique genera/e. Paris: Gallimard, 1966.) Bhat, D. N. Shankara 1968. Bora vocabulary. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. Bodman, Nicholas 1955. Spoken Amoy Hokkien, vol. 1. Kuala Lumpur: Charles Grenier. Bodman, Nicholas 1958. Spo"ken Amoy Hokkien, vol. 2. Kuala Lumpur; Charles Grenier. Bodman, Nicholas 1980. Proto-Chinese and Sino-Tibetan: data towards establishill.g the nature of the relationship. In Frans Van Coetsem and Linda R. Waugh (eds.) Contri butions to historical linguistics: issues and materials. -
The Western Computer and the Chinese Character: Recent Debates on Chinese Writing Reform
Intercultural Communication Studies XI: 3, 2002 C. Chang & Y. Chen The Western Computer and the Chinese Character: Recent Debates on Chinese Writing Reform Changfu Chang Yihai Chen Millersville University Yancheng Teachers College ABSTRACT The use of the computer and its dependency on an alphabetic language, particularly English, has made this invention not only a technological device but also a strong cultural force that reshapes the global cultural landscape. As a response to the force of alphabetic dominance and to the motivation of the four modernizations, China witnessed a resurgence of the century-long debate on writing reform. For intellectuals who favor a basic reform in the Chinese language—the realization of a Latinized orthography—the computer presents arguments that it is time for the Chinese language to move to a phonetic writing system. This paper, employing a communicative perspective, examines various arguments in two major language reform journals. Introduction The use of the computer and its dependency on an alphabetic language, particularly English, has made this invention not only a technological device, but also a strong cultural force that reshapes the global cultural landscape. The dominance of English over other languages and its ascending role as a new lingua franca has met with strong reactions on a global scale. While countries such as 67 Intercultural Communication Studies XI: 3, 2002 C. Chang & Y. Chen France and Germany with alphabet-based systems of writing are primarily concerned with the invasion of English words into their languages, the computer presents a challenge of more magnitude to those countries whose writing systems are not alphabetic. -
Chinese Alphabetization Reform: Intellectuals and Their Public Discourse, 1949-1958 Wansu Luo Iowa State University
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2018 Chinese alphabetization reform: Intellectuals and their public discourse, 1949-1958 Wansu Luo Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Luo, Wansu, "Chinese alphabetization reform: Intellectuals and their public discourse, 1949-1958" (2018). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16844. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16844 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chinese alphabetization reform: Intellectuals and their public discourse, 1949-1958 by Wansu Luo A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: History Program of Study Committee: Tao Wang, Major Professor James T. Andrews Jonathan Hassid The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2018 Copyright ©Wansu Luo, 2018. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ -
Script Crisis and Literary Modernity in China, 1916-1958 Zhong Yurou
Script Crisis and Literary Modernity in China, 1916-1958 Zhong Yurou Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Yurou Zhong All rights reserved ABSTRACT Script Crisis and Literary Modernity in China, 1916-1958 Yurou Zhong This dissertation examines the modern Chinese script crisis in twentieth-century China. It situates the Chinese script crisis within the modern phenomenon of phonocentrism – the systematic privileging of speech over writing. It depicts the Chinese experience as an integral part of a worldwide crisis of non-alphabetic scripts in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It places the crisis of Chinese characters at the center of the making of modern Chinese language, literature, and culture. It investigates how the script crisis and the ensuing script revolution intersect with significant historical processes such as the Chinese engagement in the two World Wars, national and international education movements, the Communist revolution, and national salvation. Since the late nineteenth century, the Chinese writing system began to be targeted as the roadblock to literacy, science and democracy. Chinese and foreign scholars took the abolition of Chinese script to be the condition of modernity. A script revolution was launched as the Chinese response to the script crisis. This dissertation traces the beginning of the crisis to 1916, when Chao Yuen Ren published his English article “The Problem of the Chinese Language,” sweeping away all theoretical oppositions to alphabetizing the Chinese script. This was followed by two major movements dedicated to the task of eradicating Chinese characters: First, the Chinese Romanization Movement spearheaded by a group of Chinese and international scholars which was quickly endorsed by the Guomingdang (GMD) Nationalist government in the 1920s; Second, the dissident Chinese Latinization Movement initiated in the Soviet Union and championed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the 1930s. -
Fusion Process in the Instrumental Works by Chen Yi Xin Guo
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2002 Chinese Musical Language Interpreted by Western Idioms: Fusion Process in the Instrumental Works by Chen Yi Xin Guo Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MUSIC CHINESE MUSICAL LANGUAGE INTERPRETED BY WESTERN IDIOMS: FUSION PROCESS IN THE INSTRUMENTAL WORKS BY CHEN YI By XIN GUO A Dissertation submitted to the School of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2002 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Xin Guo defended on November 6, 2002. James Mathes Professor Directing Dissertation Andrew Killick Outside Committee Member Jane Piper Clendinning Committee Member Peter Spencer Committee Member Approved: Seth Beckman, Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs and Director of Graduate Studies, School of Music ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to many people who have helped me in one way or another during my research and writing of this dissertation. Dr. Chen Yi’s music inspired me to choose the topic of this project; she provided all the scores, the recordings, and her reference materials for me and responded to my questions in a timely manner during my research. Dr. Richard Bass guided me throughout my master’s thesis, an early stage of this project. His keen insight and rigorous thought influenced my thinking tremendously. Dr. Harris Fairbanks spent countless hours proofreading both my thesis and dissertation. His encouragement and unwavering support helped me enormously and for this I am deeply indebted to him. -
Integrated Chinese
Levels0art 1 Integrated Chinese TEXTBOOK Simplified Characters Third Edition THIRD EDITION BY Yuehua Liu and Tao-chung Yao Nyan-Ping Bi, Liangyan Ge, Yaohua Shi ORIGINAL EDITION BY Tao-chung Yao and Yuehua Liu Liangyan Ge, Yea-fen Chen, Nyan-Ping Bi, Xiaojun Wang, Yaohua Shi CHENG & TSUI COMPANY BOSTON Copyright © 2009, 2005, 1997 Cheng & Tsui Company, Inc. Third Edition / third printing May 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, scanning, or any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. All trademarks mentioned in this book are the property of their respective owners. 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Published by Cheng & Tsui Company, Inc. 25 West Street Boston, MA 02111-1213 USA Fax (617) 426-3669 www.cheng-tsui.com “Bringing Asia to the World”TM ISBN 978-0-88727-644-6 — ISBN 978-0-88727-638-5 (pbk.) Cover Design: studioradia.com Cover Photographs: Man with map © Getty Images; Shanghai skyline © David Pedre/iStockphoto; Building with masks © Wu Jie; Night market © Andrew Buko. Used by permission. Interior Design: Wanda España, Wee Design Illustrations: 洋洋兔动漫 Transportation photograph (p. 271, top): Courtesy of Kristen Wanner Subway photograph (p. 271, bottom): Courtesy of Andrew Buko Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Integrated Chinese = [Zhong wen ting shuo du xie]. Traditional character edition. Level 1, part 1 / Yuehua Liu ... [et. al]. — 3rd. ed. p. cm. Chinese and English. -
FSC National Risk Assessment
FSC National Risk Assessment For China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO PROCEDURE FSC-PRO-60-002 V3-0 Version V1-0 Code FSC-NRA-CN V1-0 National approval National decision body: FSC China Date: 21 March 2018 International approval FSC International Center: Performance and Standards Unit Date: 27 August 2018 International contact Name: Wang Yanyan Email address: [email protected] Period of validity Date of approval: 27 August 2018 Valid until: (date of approval + 5 years) Body responsible for FSC China Office NRA maintenance FSC-NRA-CN V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHINA 2018 – 1 of 160 – Contents Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (hereafter Guangxi), China ............................................................................ 3 Background information ............................................................................................ 5 List of experts involved in the risk assessment and their contact details .................. 11 Complaints and disputes regarding the approved National Risk Assessment .......... 15 List of key stakeholders for consultation .................................................................. 17 Risk assessments ................................................................................................... 21 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood ............................................. 21 Overview ........................................................................................................ -
Historical Linguistics
HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS NICHOLAS CLEAVELAND BODMAN I. INTRODUCTION The literature on Chinese historical linguistics is already very large, and indeed unti very recently at least, the history of the language and its writing system has been the major focus of attention for scholars writing on the Chinese language. These writings are now becoming more and more voluminous, and many of them deserve more than ever before to be characterized as having real linguistic value, in the modern sense of the term, whereas the earlier writings in this field pertain more to a traditional philological or sinological approach.1 The native Chinese tradition of phonological studies had, in particular, reached a high degree of sophistication during the Ch'ing dynasty. This discipline2 has in fact made a generally happy marriage with modern Western linguistics. In surveying the major developments from the time of the Second World War to the present, I shall attempt to cover the most important current trends in the fields of historical phonology, morphology and syntax in writings dealing with the history of the Chinese language only,3 excepting where I touch upon comparative linguistic studies which would relate Chinese to other linguistic groups. The many works of a purely philological or text-critical nature and those having to do with semantic problems are not dealt with here. Important and numerous as they are, historical studies of lexical items are not treated here unless they are significant in a broader way or deal with matters having some phonological, morphological, or syntactic import. Similarly, I have not attempted any coverage of the large and important 1 The most important studies of the past twenty-five years are listed alphabetically by author in the Selected Bibliography at the end of this chapter. -
Generative Studies in Chinese Syntax
C.-T. JAMES HUANG AND Y.-H. AUDREY LI CHAPTER 2 RECENT GENERATIVE STUDIES IN CHINESE SYNTAX 1. INTRODUCTION Unlike some sub-fields of Chinese linguistics, the study of Chinese grammar, in particular of Chinese syntax, is quite young. The first step was taken only about a century ago, in 1898 during the Ching Dynasty, with the publication of Jianzhong Ma’s first comprehensive Chinese grammar. Although it only has a short history, Chinese syntax is nevertheless now regarded as one of the most active and accomplished areas of Chinese linguistics. Since the first step was taken, important progress has been made. Studies by Ma, Jingxi Li and Shuda Yang from 1898 to the 1930s laid important foundation for the productive scholarly activities in China in the 1950s and 1960s. During this period there were very lively discussions of the notions of grammatical categories (parts of speech) and of grammatical functions (e.g., subject, object, etc.). Extensive studies of the structural aspects of Chinese based on immediate-constituent analyses and on the notion of endocentricity produced several monumental works, including the comprehensive grammars written by Li Wang, Shuxiang Lü, Y.-R. Chao and Dexi Zhu, and shorter contributions made by these and other scholars. In America, the fruits of this period of grammatical research were first seen in Chao's Mandarin Primer in 1948. Important progress of this period and of Chao's own work culminated at the publication of his classic, A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, in 1968. This work constituted the foundation for most of the work on Chinese grammar from 1960 to the early 1980s in the West, a period that was marked by very lively and productive research by scholars, many of whom saw the need to describe Chinese grammar in formal and theoretical terms. -
Two Conferences on Chinese Linguistics. 1966
DOC lIMFN T R F S I'M I? ED 024 021 48 AL 001 349 By-Mote, F.W., Ed. Research, 1967 Problems of Iwo Conferences on Chinese Linguistics. 1966Computers and Chinese Linguistic Content and Form in the Teaching of Chinese. Princeton Univ., N.J. Chinese Linguistics Project. Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEW), Washington,D.C. Bureau of Research. Bureau No- BR- 7-0142 Pub Date (671 Contract- OEC- 1- 7- 070142- 2985 Note-121p. EDRS Price MF-$0.50 HC-1,6.15 Descriptors-*Chinese, *Computational Linguistics, *LanguageInstruction, *Language Research, *Linguistics, Teaching Methods The two Chinese LinguisticsConferences held at Princeton inOctober 1966 and 1967 treated respectively (1) therelevance and specificapplication of computer methods to the problems of ChineseLinguistics and (2) a seriesof interre!ated problems in teachingChinesedictionaries, courses inclassical Chinese, and methods of teaching and maintaining modernspoken Chinese. Appended arefurther notes concerning astudents' vocabulary handbook ofChinese by the report editor,F.'Mote, and other participants of theconferences. (AMM) tmoireehh- tC2ytif.t: iNT" 7.° Orr U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE Of EDUCATION , THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING II.POINTS OF VtEW OR OPINION! °ISTATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OfEDUCATION ci,f'OSITIONO. POLICY. 12 I TWO CONFERENCES ON CHINESL LINGUISTICS 1966: Computers and Chinese Linguisti_ Research 19e.7: Iroblems of Contcnt and Form in tbe Teaching of Chinese Amommeam...**410100.01~"mm PRINCE ON UNIVERSITY At 001349 TWO CONFERENCES ON CHINESE LINGUISTICS 4:. 1966: Computers and Chinese Linguistic Research 1967: Problems of Content and Form in theTeaching of Chinese . -
Bibliography of Chinese Linguistics William S.-Y.Wang
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINESE LINGUISTICS WILLIAM S.-Y.WANG INTRODUCTION THIS IS THE FIRST LARGE-SCALE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINESE LINGUISTICS. IT IS INTENDED TO BE OF USE TO STUDENTS OF THE LANGUAGE WHO WISH EITHER TO CHECK THE REFERENCE OF A PARTICULAR ARTICLE OR TO GAIN A PERSPECTIVE INTO SOME SPECIAL TOPIC OF RESEARCH. THE FIELD OF CHINESE LINGUIS- TICS HAS BEEN UNDERGOING RAPID DEVELOPMENT IN RECENT YEARS. IT IS HOPED THAT THE PRESENT WORK WILL NURTURE THIS DEVELOP- MENT BY PROVIDING A SENSE OF THE SIZABLE SCHOLARSHIP IN THE FIELD» BOTH PAST AND PRESENT. IN SPITE OF REPEATED CHECKS AND COUNTERCHECKS, THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE SURE TO CONTAIN NUMEROUS ERRORS OF FACT, SELECTION AND OMISSION. ALSO» DUE TO UNEVENNESS IN THE LONG PROCESS OF SELECTION, THE COVERAGE HERE IS NOT UNIFORM. THE REPRESENTATION OF CERTAIN TOPICS OR AUTHORS IS PERHAPS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE EXTENT OR IMPORTANCE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINESE LINGUISTICS ]g9 OF THE CORRESPONDING LITERATURE. THE COVERAGE CAN BE DIS- CERNED TO BE UNBALANCED IN TWO MAJOR WAYS. FIRST. THE EMPHASIS IS MORE ON-MODERN. SYNCHRONIC STUDIES. RATHER THAN ON THE WRITINGS OF EARLIER CENTURIES. THUS MANY IMPORTANT MONOGRAPHS OF THE QING PHILOLOGISTS. FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE NOT BEEN INCLUDED HERE. THOUGH THESE ARE CERTAINLY TRACE- ABLE FROM THE MODERN ENTRIES. SECOND, THE EMPHASIS IS HEAVILY ON THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE, ALTHOUGH THERE EXISTS AN ABUNDANT LITERATURE ON THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM. IN VIEW OF THESE SHORTCOMINGS, I HAD RESERVATIONS ABOUT PUBLISHING THE BIBLIOGRAPHY IN ITS PRESENT STATE. HOWEVER, IN THE LIGHT OF OUR EXPERIENCE SO FAR, IT IS CLEAR THAT A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF TIME AND EFFORT IS STILL NEEDED TO PRODUCE A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY THAT IS AT ONCE PROPERLY BALANCED AMD COMPLETELY ACCURATE (AND, PERHAPS, WITH ANNOTATIONS ON THE IMPORTANT ENTRIES).