Transport Infrastructure 2030
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1 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 2030 Meeting the Challenges of Concentrating Population and Industrial Changes 2 Ministry of Transport and Communications Programmes and Strategies 3/2002 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 2030 Meeting the Challenges of Concentrating Population and Industrial Changes ISBN 951-723-471-6 ISSN 1457-747X Layout: Ari Pirttisalo Printhouse: Nomini, Helsinki Photo on cover: Seppo Sarjamo 3 FOREWORD The three-year TRANSPORT INFRASTRUC- ropolitan Area Council, the Central Associa- TURE 2030 –research programme, which was tion of Earth Moving Contractors in Finland, initiated by the Ministry of Transport and the National Technology Agency as well as Communications in the year 1999, has been the Finnish Civil Aviation Administration, the completed. The objective of the programme Finnish Maritime Administration, the Finnish was to examine the essential factors of change Rail Administration and the Finnish National in operating environment with regard to trans- Road Administration. The names of the mem- port infrastructure management and assess bers of the Steering Committee can be found their impacts on the needs of transport infra- on the Internet pages of the research pro- structure management in the future. The re- gramme: ww.mintc.fi/vaylat. Senior Engineer search programme was started by preparing Juha Parantainen has been the project man- preliminary studies. Based on these studies, ager of the research programme and the sec- two of the most significant factors of change retary of the Steering Committee. having an impact on transport infrastructure were selected for more detailed analysis: the The costs of the research programme have migration of population and the changes in been about 700 000 €. The 12 studies con- the production structure and ways of opera- tributing to this research programme have been tion of economic life. listed in the last page of this summary report. Study results will be used in the preparation The studies have been prepared by the best of action policies of transport infrastructure experts in this field. The research programme management, e.g. in the task of the Working has been supported by a representative and Group on providing the basic level of service competent Steering Committee, which I have in road and railway network to meet the nec- chaired. The Steering Committee had repre- essary needs of citizens and enterprises as sentatives from the Tampere University of well as in the preparation of the investment Technology, the VTT Technical Research Cen- programme of transport infrastructure. tre of Finland, the Centre for Urban and Re- gional Studies, the Confederation of Finnish I wish to thank all the members of the Steer- Industry and Employers, the Association of ing Committee, the researchers and other Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, the parties who have contributed to successful Ministry of the Environment, the Uusimaa Re- research work! gional Environment Centre, the Helsinki Met- Helsinki, March 18, 2002 Juhani Tervala Director of Infrastructure Unit 4 SUMMARY Current shares of transport modes as well the country. A major share of the population as the extent and value of transport growth concentrates on the regions of Helsin- ki, Tampere, Oulu, Jyväskylä and Turku. There infrastructure were 20 sub-regions with growing population A major share of the kilometres travelled in in the year 2000, which had a total popula- passenger and freight traffic occurs on road tion of less than 3 million people. According The share of road network. Road traffic had a share of 92 % of to forecast, the population of these sub-re- the kilometres travelled in passenger traffic gions will be about 3,3 million in the year traffic was about 90 (passenger kilometres) and a share of 68 % 2020. % of the kilometres of the kilometres transported in freight traffic travelled in passen- (tonne kilometres) in the year 2000 (exclud- It has been estimated that population growth ing pedestrian and bicycle traffic). ger traffic and contributes to an annual transport investment and financing need of about 25 million € about 70 % of the Road traffic had a share of 56 % of the trips (150 million FIM) in road and street network, kilometres trans- in international traffic in the year 2000. A in public transport and in pedestrian and ported in freight major share of about 80 % of the export and bicycle network. If similar development of mi- import tonnes of Finland are transported by traffic in the year gration continues, the total additional invest- sea. It is worth noting that, although the share ment need for roads and streets caused by 2000. of air traffic of the exports and imports in the estimated population growth will be about Finland was only 0,1 % measured by tonnes, 250-350 million € (1,5-2,0 billion FIM) dur- this share was 16 % calculated in euro in the ing the years 2000-2020. year 2000. The most important measures for meeting the The total length of the transport networks challenges of regional growth include: (public roads, streets and planned roads, private roads, railways and waterways) of Fin- ● Regional development should have equal land was about 472 000 kilometres in the emphasis with other viewpoints in trans- year 2000. The total capital value of trans- port policy. port networks and terminals (ports and air- ● Municipalities experiencing population ports) was about 30 billion € (180 billion growth should be committed to participate FIM) at the end of the year 2000. The major more in the investment needs caused by shortcomings of the existing transport infra- the land use decisions, also with regard to structure can be found in road and railway public road network. networks. ● The cooperation and coincidence of trans- port system planning and land use plan- Changes in operating environment and their ning should be emphasised in the trans- impacts on transport infrastructure port policy of growing regions. The impacts of different factors of change on ● The implementation of transport system Migration and the transport infrastructure have been examined plans should be made more efficient by preparing letters of intent between the changes in pro- in various studies. The most significant chan- ges occurring in society with regard to trans- Ministry of Transport and Communications duction structure port infrastructure management include na- and other organisations participating in the have the greatest tional migration and the related problems to preparation of plans. the transport infrastructure management of ● In addition to infrastructure investments, impact on trans- measures based on information technology port infrastructure regions with growing and decreasing popula- tion. Other significant issues include the should be used more commonly to solve management. changes in transport needs and infrastructure problems in transport and traffic demand caused by changes in industrial and produc- management. tion structure. ● The focus should be on the development of public transport in large urban areas. Transport infrastructure in growing regions ● In addition to road traffic, the develop- ment of pedestrian and bicycle traffic The direction of migration is from the rural should be regarded as an important invest- areas to cities and built-up areas as well as ment especially in medium-sized cities. to few growing areas from different parts of 5 technology as well as the products of food Transport infrastructure in regions of Providing the decreasing population and textile industry. This development will probably also continue in the future. The sig- basic level of The outlying areas of eastern, northern and nificance of transport costs will still be high. central Finland have experienced the most sig- service is impor- nificant absolute and relative decrease of pop- tant in the man- Cost efficiency is important particularly in ulation in recent years. There were 65 sub- the transports of wood raw material, fuel and agement of low- regions with decreasing population in the year the products of forest industry, construction volume roads and 2000 and the total decrease was about 20 industry, metal industry and chemical indus- 000 people. The most significant population railways to meet try. decrease has occurred in the sub-regions of the necessary Tornionlaakso, northeastern Lapland, Ilomant- The demand for punctuality and speed in needs of citizens si and Kärkikunnat (in southeastern Finland). freight traffic sets the following requirements and enterprises. According to forecast, migration to the growth to transport infrastructure management: centres will continue. The most significant estimated decrease of population will occur in ● providing smoothly flowing transport con- the sub-regions of eastern and northern Fin- nections through new and expansion in- land by the year 2020. It has been estimated vestments on main roads, on the ring roads that the population of these sub-regions will of the largest growth centres as well as on decrease from about 2,2 million people to 2,0 the port and airport connections of the million people or about 10 % during the years Helsinki Metropolitan Area. 2000-2020. The decrease of population will ● increasing the degree of capacity utilisa- mostly affect the management of low-volume tion and development of operations through roads and private roads. e.g. new technology in ports and air cargo points. The most important measures for meeting the Transports must be challenges of decreasing population include: The demand for cost efficiency in freight