Avail YOUR COPY NOW! December 2020-January 2021 Volume 17 No. 6 `100.00 (-Based Buyer Only) INDIAN SP’s Army DAY Military SPECIAL Yearbook 2019 AN SP GUIDE P UBLICATION SP’s 2021

www.spsmilitaryyearbook.com www.spslandforces.com ROUNDUP The ONLY magazine in Asia-Pacific dedicated to Land Forces

In This Issue >> EXCLUSIVE Chief of the Army Staff

Page 4 “We are transforming and restructuring our- selves to meet the challenges of the future”

General M.M. Naravane PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC Message Chief of the Army Staff

Chief of the Army Staff M.M. Naravane in his opening remarks during am pleased to learn that SP Guide Publications is releasing a special issue of SP’s Land Forces on the occasion of Annual Army Day Press Conference 2021. Army Day 2021. IArmy Day 2021 assumes special significance for the , as the Nation is celebrating Swarnim Vijay Varsh : Page 7 Indian Army in Nation Building 50 years of India- War of 1971, which resulted in the largest military surrender after World War-II. There have been significant changes over the past five decades as new and unique challenges to national security continue to shape the threat paradigm. The Indian Army has always risen to the occasion as a critical element of National Power. Our Army is at the cusp of major transformation. Emerging technologies have the potential to disrupt traditional norms and create new normals which are gradually changing the character of warfare. COVID-19 has been a stark reminder of the impact of non-traditional threats in the overall security paradigm. Above all, the intransigence of our adversaries continues to strengthen our resolve and determination to play a meaningful role in ensuring that our Nation retains its importance and position in global and regional affairs. As we celebrate Army Day 2021, the somber price of these celebrations shall never be forgotten. I am confident that this special issue would inform all readers, not only of the Indian Army’s past achievements but also the initiatives that are underway to create a stronger and more efficient land force. The secure environment provided by the Army, ensuring the path to prosperity and I wish SP Guide Publications, the very best in its endeavours. development for the country as a whole, is ‘Jai Hind’ only a part of the larger and ubiquitous role played by the Indian Army in nation building. (M.M. Naravane) Lt General Pradeep Bali (Retd) General Chief of the Army Staff Page 8 1971 – India’s Greatest Victory “The era of single services operations has faded and a

As India celebrates 50 years of victory in the 1971 war with Pakistan, SP’s Land systems approach, that is, Forces looks at how the Indian Army with the support of the IAF and the , achieved one of its greatest victories. Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) joint integrated operations Page 10 Scholar Warrior Ethos of Indian Army — Morals, Ethics and Values across multiple domains is the The future battlefield scenarios require that we be competent warfighters, but we cannot be competent fighters unless we are as intelligent and mentally tough as we are aggressive and physically rugged. way ahead” Yash Mor (Retd)

Plus 73rd Army Day Celebrated 6 —General M.M. Naravane, Chief of the Army Staff, in an interview with Jayant Grey Zone Threats – Baranwal, Editor-in-Chief, SP’s Land Forces, talks about how the Indian Army Implications on Force Structuring 12 Lt General Dushyant Singh (Retd) continues to face challenges across the spectrum of conflict and is developing its News in Brief 15 capability and operational readiness in light of these threats

6/2020 SP’s Land Forces 1 INDIAN Army DAY >> exclusive Chief of the Army Staff SPECIAL 2021

The highlight of this special issue the Chief of the Army Staff said also the largest contributor to pushing the use of unconven- to mark the Indian Army Day, is that the war also showcased ex- UN missions. tional warfare. Called hybrid, an exclusive interview of Chief cellent inter-services integration The article on Scholar War- proxy or , they of the Army Staff General M.M. and professional civil-military rior Ethos of Indian Army by all fall under the umbrella of Grey Naravane. He stressed that the relations, both of which are re- Major General Yash Mor (Retd) Zone warfare. In an in-depth ar- Indian Army continuously and quired for defeating one’s adver- stresses that the Army as an in- ticle, Lt General Dushyant Singh consistently trains itself for the sary soundly. stitution cannot allow any com- (Retd) talks about the threats in changing character of war. By He also addressed the press promise in its own standards of the grey zone and what needs leveraging modern capabilities before Army Day. His entire ad- ethics and probity. The impec- to be done to meet these latest and new technologies, we will dress is reproduced here in the cable character and transpar- challenges and overcome them. emerge victorious. On ‘Capabil- magazine as he covered the ency that is expected of soldiers This issue wraps up with ity Development’ he shared that entire gamut of issues and chal- should be constantly reinforced. the usual News Digest and Flag a total of 55 schemes valued at lenges facing the Indian Army. The nation celebrates 50 appointments. Wish you all dis- approximately `44,000 crores Also included in this issue are years of the 1971 war with cerning readers a very Happy (about $5.9 billion) have been glimpses from the Army Day pa- Pakistan, leading to the liberation Republic Day! contracted as part of the mod- rade as a part of the Army Day of (now) . In an arti- ernisation. On the situation in celebrations. cle in this issue Lt General P.C.

EDITORIAL Ladakh, he was hopeful that it The role played by Indian Katoch (Retd) takes us through will be resolved through dialogue Army in Nation building cannot how the Indian Army, ably as- and discussion. He assures the be highlighted enough! We have sisted by the Air Force and Navy, Nation that all logistics required an article on this subject where achieved its greatest military vic- for high altitude and extreme Lt General Pradeep Bali (Retd) tory with the surrender of 93,000 cold conditions have been taken gives an overview of the various Pakistani troops – the largest care of and there is no cause for roles played by the Army which number of prisoners taken in any concern. On the Swarnim Vijay directly contribute and assist in war after World War II. Jayant Baranwal Varsh - 50 years of 1971 War, Nation Building. Indian Army is Cost of conventional war is Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

Photograph: Indian Army SP’s Land Forces (SP’s): As we celebrate 50 “The Army has played years of 1971 victory, what are your views on the same? And the way our Army plans an important role during for the future? Chief of the Army Staff (COAS): The 1971 Covid-19. We have victory cemented India’s position in the global as a responsible and moral power in contributed doctors, the comity of nations. By ending the geno- cide of countless Bangladeshis and assisting nurses and medical staff them in their right to self-determination, to a number of civil-run India’s humanitarian intervention has been seen as an exemplar for a future tem- hospitals.” plate. The swift operations against Pakistani forces, both in the East and the West under- score our forces’ professional capabilities and resolve to be morally upright. The 1971 example, the induction of combat UAVs is war also showcased excellent inter-services progressing as per schedule. integration and professional civil-military relations, both of which are required for SP’s: Is the Indian Army going ahead with defeating one’s adversary soundly. the FRCV and FICV programmes? The Indian Army continuously and COAS: Yes, the Indian Army is going ahead consistently trains itself for war. We are all with the programmes. At present, we have aware of the changing character of war and our thinking caps on for the features and are preparing for it. By leveraging modern capabilities that we require and there will be capabilities and emerging technologies, we some changes in the technical requirements, will emerge victorious. General M.M. Naravane, Chief of the Army Staff, is leading the Indian Army from the front as it faces given the requirements of the future. We unprecedented challenges on all fronts and undergoes restructuring and modernisation are looking at fifteen years hence and it will SP’s: Would you like to talk about the have to be radical, looking at the Azerbaijani Army’s role during Covid-19? SP’s: Modernisation process of the Army? stages of procurement. In addition to acqui- example, the level and shape will change, COAS: The Indian Army acknowledges the COAS: Capability Development of the Indian sitions specific to various arms, projects for we just can’t add a few kilos to the Tank, it stellar contributions of all Corona War- Army is based on a well thought out Long Electronic Warfare and communication has to be done in a different way keeping the riors in the country who have fought and Term Integrated Perspective Plan (LTIPP), systems are also being undertaken. Once futuristic warfare situation in view. defeated this virus steadfastly. The Army which concentrates on modernisation of implemented, these schemes would ensure has played an important role during Covid- weapons and equipment. A total of 55 a robust Army capable to take on any chal- SP’s: What all has been done to protect 19. We have contributed doctors, nurses schemes valued at approximately `44,000 lenge in the envisaged battlefield milieu. the men and machines on the border with and medical staff to a number of civil-run Crores have been contracted as part of the China during the winters? hospitals. Our formations and units in dif- modernisation since the commencement of SP’s: Has technology per se taken back COAS: All logistics are taken care of and ferent parts of the country have assisted the 13th Plan in April 2017. Latest equip- seat in the context of modernisation? there is no cause for concern. Special the local administration in setting up quar- ment like: COAS: Not really. By and by we are trying clothes with three layers and heated tents antine centres and distributing medical aid l MRSAM to go for certain programmes in order to have been purchased for the soldiers, which and supplies. Our forces have carried out l ULH keep up with important advancements. For will be comfortable for temperatures below information campaigns and setup medi- l K-9 Vajra zero to minus 40 degrees. I was there ear- cal camps to assist the populace in remote l Spike (LR) ATGM lier this month and we could sit in the tent areas. We remain prepared to assist the l Assault Rifle (Sig Sauer) “The Indian Army with regular clothing in minus 20-degree administration in all respects. l Light Strike Vehicles temperature. Ration, healthcare, and oper- l Excalibur Ammunition continuously and ational preparedness are intact. The new l Negev LMG facilities for troops have Barrel Type shel- “The 1971 war also l Apache AH 64E consistently trains itself ters, modular shelters, and Vehicle sheds. are few weapon systems and equipment showcased excellent which have fructified as part of the mod- for war. We are all aware of SP’s: As the Chief of the land based forces, inter-services integration ernisation drive. Upgradation and overhaul the changing character of what will be your view if asked who will schemes are also being given due impetus dominate future wars? Will it be the Army, and professional civil- for keeping the equipment battle worthy war and are preparing for Navy or Air Force? Who will play conclusive and to maintain currency. During the FY and decisive role? military relations, both 2020-21, a balanced approach to capability it. By leveraging modern COAS: It would be fallacious to assume that building was undertaken, which included a single service will dominate future war- of which are required for significant procurements like BMP-2/2K, capabilities and emerging fare. We have transitioned to an era where Six Pinaka Regiments, Engineer Mine war-waging itself has become complex. The defeating one’s adversary Plough and Mine Plough for Tank T-90. technologies, we will era of single services operations has faded Many important schemes have been con- and a systems approach, that is, joint inte- soundly” tracted and several capability enhancing emerge victorious.” grated operations across multiple domains

www.spslandforces.com schemes are ongoing and are at advanced is the way ahead.

2 SP’s Land Forces 6/2020 >> exclusive Chief of the Army Staff

Photograph: Indian Army SP’s: As COAS, what will be your key mes- “Our operational sage to the soldiers on the front? Your fel- low officers in the Army and fellow citizens requirements continue to of the country? COAS: I convey my best wishes to all citi- guide our procurement of zens of the country and assure them that the Indian Army is capable of addressing all emerging technologies, future challenges and that we will spare no efforts to defend our territorial sovereignty. I which act as force have full faith in the capabilities of my offi- multipliers, providing us cers and troops that they will carry out their tasks with the utmost professionalism. They much needed combat edge do not have to worry about equipment and logistics which will be taken care of. over the adversaries”

SP’s: What is your wish list for the Army and likely key challenges? COAS: Indian Army faces, and will continue To alleviate the problems of Next of to face operational challenges in the entire Kin (NoKs), the Army runs various welfare spectrum of conflict, whether it be in the schemes. DIAV has launched an extensive conventional or unconventional domains. outreach and awareness programmes to A thorough analysis of capability voids, in contact the NoKs throughout the Nation light of the threats posed by our adversaries, during the Year of the Next of Kin. The guide our capability development & opera- NoKs are unable to get their due grants and tional preparedness plans. entitlements due of incorrect documenta- Our operational preparedness needs to tion. Towards this end, all the formations primarily focus on India’s desire to ensure have established contact with the NoKs stability & dominance along our contested at grass root level and the documentary & hostile borders and to effectively counter requirements were fulfilled to assist them in Proxy War. To retain operational readiness The Editor-in-Chief presented copies of SP’s Land Forces to COAS, after the interaction with him on availing the grants and benefits provided by & combat edge, we constantly monitor and certain key issues. the Government and Army. SP review the emerging & future threats to our national security. Our operational require- ments continue to guide our procurement of emerging technologies, which act as force multipliers, providing us much needed com- bat edge over the adversaries. Acquisition of unmanned aerial systems, in consonance with our operational requirements, are part of our Capability Development Plans.

SP’s: What are the Army’s initiatives to attract the talent and young blood in its stream? And also towards the welfare of army fraternity? COAS: Efforts are being made to mitigate shortage of officers in Indian Army. How- ever, keeping in view the pyramidal struc- ture of officers cadre of IA, this shortage is to be mitigated by enhanced induction of SSCOs. Accordingly, a proposal to make SSC Entry more attractive is under active con- sideration. It is envisaged that the existing deficiency of officers would reduce once this proposal is approved by the GoI and imple- mented. Following steps have been taken to make Army as an attractive option: l Interactive Website of Recruiting Dte. The website of Recruiting Direc- torate www.joinindianarmy.nic.in gives all the info required by a candidate to become an officer. It enables the candi- date to know his /her eligibility based on the age and educational qualifications and the timelines for applications. l Interaction with Target Audi- ence. Interaction with target audience is undertaken in which officers from Recruiting Directorate and Recruiting Organisations visit various Universities and Colleges. ‘Know your Army’ exhi- bitions are organised periodically to spread awareness and motivate youth to join the Indian Army. “Capability Development of the Indian Army is based on a well thought out Long Term Integrated Perspective Plan (LTIPP), which concentrates on modernisation of weapons and equipment”

6/2020 SP’s Land Forces 3 INDIAN Army DAY >> army day 2021 / COAS Address SPECIAL 2021 “We are transforming and restructuring ourselves to meet the challenges of the future” “Upon the Western Front, Pakistan continues to embrace terror and terrorism as an instrument of state policy”, said the Chief of the Army Staff General M.M. Naravane, in his opening remarks during Annual Army Day Press Conference 2021.

Photograph: ADGPI / Twitter he last year was one full of challenges. We keep saying that “I would like to reassure we are prepared to meet all chal- you once again, that lenges. But last year we had to walk the talk and actually rise up the Indian Army is fully Tto the occasion and show that we are indeed prepared to meet all these challenges and prepared and geared up I’m happy to say that we did so and came out on top and the fact that they were to face whatever threats multifarious. But main among them was, of course, COVID and the situation on the are there, both external or Northern borders. internal” As far as the COVID pandemic is con- cerned, as early as middle of February, based on whatever inputs we were getting, we had been able to make quite a pragmatic assess- forming ourselves from manpower intensive ment of the situation and then instituted nec- to technology enabled force, which is the essary force protection measures under “Op way forward for the future. We had spon- Namaste”. Detailed instructions were passed sored a study through the Army Training from the Army Headquarters, as well as the Command to look into what all niche tech- through medical channel on what all mea- nologies we need to transform ourselves into sures need to the instituted. Along with that, this technology enabled force. The study we also gave a free hand to our local com- has been carried out and broad map has manders to institute all measures that they General M.M. Naravane with the Troops during his recent visit to Ladakh been prepared to include all such technolo- deemed fit in their respective areas and garri- gies such as Artificial Intelligence, Robot- son and I’m very happy to say that as a result special mention of the yeoman service and ics, Quantum Computing, Block Chain, Big of all this, we were able to maintain our oper- the selfless devotion put in by the medical “We are transforming Data Analytics and the like. Through our ational preparedness and as events unfolded fraternity, who are, day in and day out for the ourselves from manpower Army Design Bureau we have sponsored a during the course of the year, we needed our last six months, treating the COVID patients number of projects, viz through Army Tech- units and formations to be deployed at short in the services hospitals or the civilian facili- intensive to technology nology Board worth 36 Crores and through notice. These measures instituted, right from ties, without caring for their own health and Technology Development Fund another 23 February onwards paid handsome dividends. safety and I must put that on record. enabled force, which is crores. We are on our way to transforming There are of course, inconveniences Before giving out situation on the and restructuring ourselves to meet the caused because of the restrictions which Northern Front, I would like to briefly touch the way forward for the challenges of the future and this restructur- had to be put in place. But I think in the upon the Western Front. Pakistan contin- ing also includes restructuring at tri-service larger interest, those were necessary and ues to embrace terror and terrorism as an future” level. We are fully committed to tri-service while we ourselves were coming to terms instrument of state policy. However, we are joint-ness and the evolution of various Inte- with the COVID pandemic and instituting very clear that we have zero tolerance for grated Command and we will work with the all these measures. We also reached out terror and we reserve our right to respond What has clearly emerged in last one year other services to make sure that this happens and helped out all the state governments at a time and place of our own choosing and is the need for us to restructure, and for us to in a very calibrated and smooth manner. and the citizens. To tackle this pandemic, we with precision. This is a clear message that enhance our capabilities. As far as capability If you recollect, last year as part of KRA, had opened number of quarantine camps, we have sent across that we will not tolerate development is concerned, all round devel- the acronym “P” for personnel was the focus facilitated their treatment and their return any such kind of activity. opment has taken place; we have signed area. I am glad to say that in last one year, to their respective homes once their quar- Coming to the Northern Front, it is not a number of contracts last year and these we have been able to achieve a number of antine period was over. I would like to make only the Eastern Ladakh but we have main- range from weapons and protective gear for Schemes, Projects, Government Orders, in tained a high state of alertness all along the the Infantry, Mechanized Forces, firepower which a number of pending cases related Northern borders as of now, keeping the elements, Long Range Vectors, Engineers to pay and allowances were resolved, not “We are ready to meet any threat perception in mind. We have gone stores equipment, Communication equip- only for serving personnel but also for Veter- eventuality. All logistics in for a winter posture and deployment. ment etc. What I mean to say is that there ans, who are very much a part of the Army But as I said, we are alert and ever-ready to has been an all-round development and family. I will not go into the details of each aspects have been very meet any challenges. Eight rounds of talks each Arm and Service has got what they and every of these sanctions which were between the Corps commanders have taken need. Because we are only the sum of our received, which we have been able to make well taken care of, whether place. We are now awaiting the date of 9th individual parts, and it is only when every- a good headway. That does not mean to say round of talks. I am sure that through dia- one is modern, that the entire force will be that all issues have been resolved. But a num- it is clothing, ration or logue and discussion, we will be able to reach modernised. I’m also glad to say that more ber of important ones have been resolved as a an amicable solution based on the principle than 80 per cent to 85 per cent of the con- result of which a lot of benefits have accrued habitat; there is no cause of mutual and equal security and in conso- tracts which are signed are made by Indian to both serving and retired personnel. of concern at all on that nance, with the talks and the understand- companies as part of our efforts to indige- Before I take your questions, I would like ing which resulted as the outcome of the nise and in keeping with the hon’ble Prime to reassure you once again, that the Indian front and as a result of meetings between the respective defence Minister’s call of Atmanirbhar Bharat. Army is fully prepared and geared up to face ministers and foreign ministers and I am We have got the necessary budgetary whatever threats are there, both external or all this, our operational very hopeful of the positive outcome. support to keep pace with our modernisation internal. I would like to thank you all once But, as I said, we are ready to meet any plan. We have also got the necessary budget- again, for having supported us through- preparedness is of a very eventuality. All logistics aspects have been ary support for the contracts that were signed out the year which has just gone by. You’ve very well taken care of, whether it is clothing, as part of the acquisition plan, and for which always been there to bank upon and we will high order and the morale ration or habitat; there is no cause of concern we are thankful to the government and the continue to bank on you to keep our citizens at all on that front and as a result of all this, hon’ble Finance Minister for supporting us. informed about the happenings through of the troops is high.” our operational preparedness is of a very high As I mentioned there is also a need to honest and truthful reporting.

SP www.spslandforces.com order and the morale of the troops is high. restructure and to that end, we are trans- Thank you!

4 SP’s Land Forces 6/2020 L3HARRIS.COM/FALCON COMPLETE SOLUTIONS FOR INDIAN FORCES

L3Harris is dedicated to your mission success. Our family of Software Defined Radio solutions leverage tactical technologies to provide Indian Forces with multi-domain interoperability and battlespace superiority. INDIAN Army DAY >> Indian Army day SPECIAL 2021 73rd Army Day Celebrated

ndian Army celebrated its 73rd General M.M. Naravane, Chief of the Kaker, Chief of Staff, Delhi Area. The lead- international sports awardees and seven Army Day on January 15, 2021. Every Army Staff reviewed the Army Day Parade ing contingent of the parade was formed of marching contingents including mounted year Indian Army celebrates 15th Janu- at the Cariappa Parade Ground, Delhi the recipients of the and horse cavalry. The Indian Army also car- ary as ‘Army Day’ to commemorate the and awarded 15 Sena Med- Ashok Chakra awardees. This was followed ried out a live demonstration of Drone day when General (later Field Marshal) als (including five posthumously) for indi- by army contingents which included T-90 Swarming capability using 75 indigenously IK.M. Carriappa took over the command vidual acts of Gallantry and 23 COAS Unit tank BHISHMA, infantry combat vehicle designed and developed drones which exe- of Army in 1949 and became the first Citations for commendable performance of BMP II, BRAHMOS missile system, PINAKA cuted an array of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Commander-in-Chief of Indian Army post their respective units. The Army Day parade Multiple Launch Rocket System, upgraded enabled simulated offensive missions and Independence. was commanded by Major General Alok SCHILKA Gun System, Bridge Layer Tank, close support tasks. SP Photographs: Indian Army www.spslandforces.com

6 SP’s Land Forces 6/2020 >> Nation Building Indian Army in Nation Building The secure environment provided by the Army, ensuring the path to prosperity and development for the country as a whole, is only a part of the larger and ubiquitous role played by the Indian Army in nation building

Photographs: ADGPI / Twitter  Lt General Pradeep Bali (Retd)

he Indian Army is a much respected and loved organisation. War anniversaries bring it into focus for the citizenry and any perfidy by inimical neighbours on Tthe borders suddenly energises a nation- wide interest in this very fine organisation. Beyond that, its role and understanding remains hazy or unknown. In fact, there are often critical voices raised about the drain of the defence budget on the national exchequer. There is a definite need for an understanding of the larger and ubiquitous role played by the army in nation building.

Ensuring a Secure Environment First and foremost, it is the secure environ- ment provided by the army as a guarantor of national and territorial integrity that ensures the path to prosperity and develop- ment for the country as a whole. Today the dimensions of conflict are manifold and not restricted to the border areas alone. Once again, it is this organisation which is com- bating the scourge of violence and terrorism unleashed by secessionist elements, aided and abetted by adversarial powers. As a vital organ of the state it is the army, the ultimate arbiter of national safety and security which ensures a safe environment for internal progress and prosperity. Post COVID-19 pan- demic, the Indian economy is set for a north- ward trajectory and the stress by the govern- ment is on inclusive development. All this is not feasible without an adequate assurance of a safe and secure nation and the armed forces represent this insurance policy.

Humanitarian Assistance Another area where the army periodically occupies centre stage is humanitarian assis- tance and disaster relief. The Navy has played a stellar role in providing critical help on foreign shores and also evacuation of Indian citizens (Top) Indian Army operated a dedicated COVID Care Centre in Srinagar to fight COVID-19; (Above left) Flood relief and rescue operations by Indian Army; in distant lands during times of natural as well (Above right) Indian Army extricating a critically ill pregnant patient for specialised medical care. as human crisis. The Air Force is vital during such disasters due to its speed and reach with cater for the continental dimensions of India. Boosting Domestic Manufacturing training institutions have a sizeable pres- both rotary and fixed wing air efforts. How- Therefore, behind the bright orange overalls The flavour of the season and the pointer ence of officers from such nations. ever, it is the army with its pan-India presence, the army camouflage uniforms are clearly vis- to future economic prosperity is ‘Make in especially in the far-flung areas of our coun- ible in large numbers during any relief opera- India’. Once again, it’s the Indian army Trained Manpower try, which is omnipresent during any disaster tions. The army’s network of field hospitals, its which is a major stakeholder in the success Within the country the army has provided relief efforts. Ideally, the various organs of transportation assets, engineer plant equip- of the ‘Make in India’ pursuit. Being the key support to the central armed police forces state and central governments should come ment and reconnaissance and communica- largest single service, the matrix of num- in terms of training, equipment and cross- into play before the resources of the army tion resources with its nationwide reach, has bers related to its equipment and where- attachment of personnel for absorbing best are tapped for such eventualities. But invari- saved countless lives and provided succour withal are of a very large dimension. Manu- practices. Outside its own organisation the ably it ends up being not only the most potent to the people of India, during any natural facture of military equipment not only gives army has been a great facilitator in human responder but also the first responder due calamity. The army and organisations like the a boost to the defence industry, it also builds resource development. The training and inter- to its ingrained capabilities, equipment and NSG which are populated by army personnel up a dual use ecosystem of many smaller action imparted by its personnel to the youth disciplined application. In recent years, the on deputation have the core competencies in items and sub-items which in turn encour- of India, through the medium of the National National Disaster Relief Force (NDRF) has areas vital for crisis management and resolu- ages entrepreneurship, generates employ- Cadet Corps, is a stellar example. In fact, the been playing a pivotal role during natural tion. These include aspects such as hostage ment and multiple other benefits. Success of NCC is widely regarded as an arena of disci- calamities but it is still not large enough to rescue, bomb disposal, search and rescue mis- ‘Make in India’ for defence equipment will pline, duty and patriotism and many young sions, heli-borne extraction and even rescue lead to an enhancement of defence exports, spirits vie to don its khaki uniform. The army operations from blind wells. accrue forex earnings and contribute sig- is also a great reservoir of trained, skilled and The Army is a great nificantly to the GDP. It also needs to be disciplined manpower, readily available for lat- Infrastructure Development emphatically emphasised that rather than eral absorption in other government organisa- reservoir of trained, The Indian army is possibly the leading being a drain, the defence budget should be tions as well as the private sector. In that sense skilled and disciplined force for inclusive development. The road seen as an engine for economic growth. development of human resource has always and track infrastructure in the remotest been a hallmark of the Indian army. manpower, readily areas over inhospitable terrain, has ensured Foreign Missions outreach and connectivity with Indian citi- In the international arena military diplo- Confidence in Uniform available. Development zens who inhabit these far-flung parts of the macy in its various forms is a key element The nation expects the army to perform, country. Combined with this the army has in engaging with other nations. The army whether in war, internal strife, disaster of Human Resource has always taken the lead in building and run- has adequately leveraged its capacity of relief or any other contingency beyond ning schools, medical facilities and habitat putting boots on ground by being the larg- other organs of governance and the army always been a hallmark of enhancing infrastructure in distant border est contributor to worldwide UN missions. can proudly claim that it never ever fails on areas. Interestingly, it has also been playing It also provides invaluable support in terms this count. In fact, it goes far beyond this the Indian Army. a key role in ecological sustenance through of capacity building and capability develop- and will always remain a key element in the various territorial army units. ment to various friendly foreign armies. Its nation building. SP

6/2020 SP’s Land Forces 7 1

www.spslandforces.com T Bangladesh) to achieve one of the greatest victories by any modern-day military modern-day any by victories greatest the of one achieve to Bangladesh) Pakistan(later East of liberation the to Navy,Indianway the its and bulldozed IAF the of support the with Army shing andKushtia. LieutenantGeneral , , , Dinajpur, Mymen- tagong, andKhulnabut lost orabandoned , Rangpur-Saidpur, ,Chit- to and had gained control of Divisions (9 and 18)fromWestInfantry totheirdemands. pretending toagree and; continue dialogue withAwami League ised seizingtheirweapons andammunition, allBengalitelegraph; troops tobeneutral- including telephone, television,radio and communicationsinternational tobecut- fire tosecurecantonments;domestic and of ing and‘occupying’ the premises;freedom cent success in Dhaka University –search - must achieveand teachingstaff; 100per cal, student,cultural organisation leaders East Pakistan; maximum politi- arresting included: simultaneous operations across civil areas. The mandate given tothearmy maximum forceforassaultandgenocide in lawmartial authorisedfreehandinusing Impositionof forces personnel. and armed elementsincluding civilians their support nate theAwami and League structure andsupporters. fighters ligentsia, religious minorities, resistance gali andintel- civilians, students,scholars nationalist Ben- systematic elimination of Commanding, EastPakistan. This involved Tikka ,Governor andGeneral Officer East Pakistan under of Operation ‘Searchlight’against the people March25,1971,Pakistan launched of and taken toWest Pakistan. Onthenight Sheikh MujiburRehman was arrested cessful. However, PrimeMinister-designate non-co-operation, which was hugely suc- March 7andlaunchedaprogramme of the heldamassive rally on March 1971was postponed.Inresponse, national assembly meetingscheduledfor Awami League butthiswas nixed andthe power tothe expected of aswifttransfer 313seats. The Bengali population out of won adecisive majoritycapturing 167 7, 1970,inwhich theAwami League had thegeneral electionsheldonDecember of when junta annulled results the military determination self led tothemovement of sincealongtime. This Yahya Khanhadgerminated simmering juntaledbystan-based military President theWest Paki- stan underdirectionsof Continuing oppressive actionsinEastPaki - Setting inEastPakistan were against theIndianaction. a casestudy becauseboththeUSandBritain and theWest never tookupthiscampaignas much about Indianvictory thismagnificent Ironically, western mention mediadidn’t stan since long that accelerated its collapse. had beendigging itsown grave inEastPaki- It would not bewrong to say that Pakistan takenoners inany war afterWorld War II. pris- –thelargest number personnel of itary  A >> 8 s India celebrates 50 years of victory in the 1971 war with Pakistan,with war 1971 the in victory of years 50 celebrates India s L By April 10,Pakistan hadairliftedtwo Operation ‘Searchlight’aimedtoelimi- t 971 – General SP’s LandForces 1971 -50 years surrender of 93,000Pakistani mil- of surrender Indiathat resultedinthe of victory gladesh in1971was thegreatest Ban- of stan leading to thebirth he demolitionofEastPaki- P.C. Ka toch (Retd)

6/2020 the heinous‘’on violated. The Pakistan launched military killed andmorethan2,00,000 women were Pakistan threemillioninnocentpeoplewere liberation against the 9-month-long war of genocide. In endured anextreme of form liberation, we said, “Inthe1971war of ing theUnitedNations General Assembly - desh PrimeMinisterSheikhHasinaaddress 5,00,000. OnSeptember21,2017,Bangla - putthefigure at betweeners 3,00,000and Pakistani army butindependentresearch- some threemillionpeoplewere killedby the Bangladesh government figuresestimate and over 30 million internally displaced. in some10millionrefugees toIndia fleeing defence. with Niaziusingcitiesforfortress overwhelm thePakistani especially military However, to theresistanceneededsupport tinued toberesistedby theMuktiBahini. Pakistani army operations underNiazicon- were established officially on April 4,1971. gladesh. The Bangladesh Forces Armed Ban- under theProvisional Government of the resistancewas created in April 1971 of leadership military ‘Searchlight’, formal Operation out struggle. Post thelaunchof a calltothepublicprepareforanall- March 7,SheikhMujiburRehman gave desh towipeouttheinsurgent network. launch combingoperations acrossBangla- thecountry; gents away from interior of rail communication network; drive the insur take controlandopenallriver, highway and insurgents andsecureChittagong; cities of planned following strategy: clearallthebig istan forcesinEastPakistan onApril 11,had Pak - A.A.K. Niazi,who assumedcommandof The Pakistani army genocide resulted During theAwami League rally on (Top left)Indian Army takingthesurrender ofPakistan Army; (Top right) Officers ofthe Indian Army meeting Prime Minister ;

India’s Greatest Victory (Above left&right) Indian Army advancing towards Dhaka. - Day’ topay homage tothevictims. ment haddeclaredMarch25as‘Genocide that theBangladeshHasina added Parlia- belief. The intellectualswere killedbrutally.” religion,race andpolitical of on theground individuals included targeted elimination of the 1971genocide. The 1971genocide 25th Marchwhich was thebeginningof wherein hesaid: Lecture inNewDelhiduringOctober1995, K.M.Cariappa Memorial the FieldMarshal ister’s dictumwas covered inhistalk at but Samtoldheritwas nottheright time. SHFJ ‘Sam’Manekshaw toenter Pakistan General (later FieldMarshal) the Army Staff of on April 28,1971andorderedthe Chief pressure toact.Sheheldacabinet meeting Prime MinisterIndira Gandhiwas under and West Bengal. With refugees pouringin, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura like Bihar, Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal training campscameupinmultiple states at will.Bangladeshi liberation fighters-led to crossthe border ing resistancefighters pura. Indiahadallowed therefugees includ- especially inWest Bengal, Assamand Tri- that stressedoutthestate administration ing thislarge number was aherculeantask above. Settingupcampsandadminister refugees from East Pakistan as mentioned India was floodedwithsome10million The SceneinIndia l into India,West Bengal, Assamand pouring refugees started thousands of down in EastPakistan, hundredsand shal. In1971,when Pakistan cracked dismissed andbecomingaField Mar “There isavery thinlinebetween being How SamrespondedtothePrimeMin - SP’s Land Forces - - looks at how the Indian Indian the how at looks l l nose. Iknow what’s happening.’ in trouble, you cometome. Ihave along Pakistanis) to revolt. Now that you are RAW toencourage thePakistanis (East when you allowed the BSF, the CRP and ing todowithme. You consultme didn’t it?’ AndIsaid,‘Nothing, it’s got noth- me andsaid,‘What areyou doingabout and around to Tripura. Shethenturned West Bengal, Assam of Ministers Chief from the Minister read out telegrams moned. Avery angry, Prime grim-faced I net meetinginheroffice. was thensum- Tripura. The PrimeMinisterheldaCabi- She said,‘Everything you toldmeistrue.’ health, mentalorphysical?’ of grounds may I sendyou my resignation on Minister, before you open your mouth, aroundandsaid,‘Prime back?’ Iturned was leaving, she said,‘Chief, willyou stay junior mostwas thelasttogo andasI walking started out.Ibeingthe bers again at fouro’clock.’ The Cabinet mem- clenched said,‘TheCabinet will meet PrimeMinisterwithherteeth The grim She said,‘Iwant you toenterPakistan. me your orders’. fined toroads.‘Now PrimeMinister, give oceans. Allmy movement would becon- are melting, therivers would becomelike whole is flooded. countryside The snows and when itrains andthe there, itpours rains were about inEastPakistan tostart the Prime Minister and said that the attack fromChina.’ aroundto Iturned passes areopeningandtherecanbean April. The Himalayan This istheendof ‘Are you prepared?Iamcertainlynot. itiswar.’said, ‘Idonotmindif Isaid And I responded, That means war!’ She Pho t ograp hs: Indian Army, ADGPI / Twitter Army DA SPECIAL INDIAN 2021 Y

>> 1971 - 50 years

‘Yes! It is my job to tell you the truth,’ I ern Command was given the required tanks, MiGs blasted the Governor’s House in Dhaka, to abandon the strategic city. responded. ‘And it is my job to fight, it is artillery, bridging and river crossing equip- which shook the Pakistanis completely. From Naval aircraft from INS ‘Vikrant’ operated my job to fight to win and I have to tell ment concurrent to building road building to December 14, Niazi had begun making bombing missions in Bangladesh while Indian you the truth.’ She smiled at me and said, bases proximate to the border for launching efforts to obtain a ceasefire. On the evening Navy blockaded East Pakistan ports. Navy and ‘All right Sam, you know what I want?’ I the attacking formations. The three mighty of December 15, was hosting a the established a naval com- said, ‘Yes, I know what you want!’ rivers, namely Ganga (called Padma in Ban- house warming party for his new house in mando force to target Pakistani assets with Sam was not the type who would say gladesh), Brahmaputra and Meghna and Peshawar. Among the few guests was Mrs eight defectors and 15 more Bangladeshi sea- he can walk into East Pakistan, Pakistan their tributaries posed problems together Shamim, Yahya’s latest sleeping partner – men forming its nucleus force. A secret train- Occupied Kashmir or Aksai Chin anytime with limited roads and likely enemy action of better known as ‘Black Pearl’ whom he had ing camp ‘C2P’ was established at Plassey in the government wants – they just have to destroying bridges to impede progress. appointed Pakistan’s ambassador to Austria. West Bengal that trained over 500 personnel give the word. He placed the Constitution The campaign got going with the Indian Later that evening Yahya slurred on Radio including combatants, university students and the troops under him above political Army supported by three of the Pakistan that he will fight India for 100 years. and other civilians. On August 15, nine ships appeasement. At that time three infantry Mukti Bahini and the Bengali guerrilla On the morning of December 16, 1971, in harbour were blown up by frog- divisions without their heavy weapons at army. The Mukti Bahini and its supporters Major General (later Lieutenant General) men using limpet mines under Operation that time were deployed in West Bengal in were invaluable as guides and providing J.F.R. Jacob, Chief of Staff ‘Jackpot’. By November, naval commandos penny packets to ensure peace during elec- information about Pakistani troop move- flew to Dhaka on orders of sank over 1,00,000 tonnes of shipping. The tions and were. Large number of tanks in ments. Overall the Indian Army and Mukti to obtain surrender of the Pakistani forces. fighters were then provided gunboats; two the Army was unserviceable because of Bahini greatly outnumbered the three Paki- Jacob met Niazi in his office, showed him the patrol boats were also loaned by the Indian shortage of spares with bureaucracy not stani army divisions. Major joint engage- surrender document and told him, “I will Navy. This flotilla struck Pakistani and allied releasing funds to buy spares. ments occurred in the battles for Sylhet, give you 30 minutes and if you do not agree, ships in the sub-campaign ‘Operation Hot- India eventually launched operations Garibpur, Boyra, Hilli and Kushita. The I will order the resumption of hostilities and pants’. Ports, rivers and waterways were soon seven months later in November 1971. The strategy of swiftly capturing surrounding the bombing of Dhaka. I have offered you clogged with damaged or sunken vessels. intervening period was gainfully used for areas by selectively engaging or bypassing terms that you will be treated with respect An interesting event was the deploy- detailed tri-service planning, integration, heavily defended strongholds worked beau- and under Geneva conventions. We will pro- ment of India’s Special Frontier Force in training and equipping the Army for an tifully. The cities of , Mymensingh, tect all ethnic minorities and everyone. If Chittagong operating under R&AW. The operation of this magnitude never launched Sylhet, Kushita, Noakhali and Moulvibazar you surrender, we will protect you. If you do Pakistani army thought the Chinese had before. Army also took over the task of train- were quickly taken. Operations of the three not surrender, I wash my hands of anything come to their rescue till reality dawned. ing and guiding the Mukti Bahini as Sam Corps were closely coordinated. Innovations that happens.” The surrender ceremony India had tried all diplomatic efforts to avert wanted; three groups of regular Ban- were done in transporting troops across riv- was signed the same evening by Lieutenant the war by conveying to the world the plight gladesh troops (part of Mukti Bahini) organ- ers in using helicopters big and small. General J.S. Aurora and Lieutenant Gen- of Bangladeshi refugees. The Prime Minis- ised, trained and equipped for functioning In a final attempt to eliminate the Ben- eral A.A.K. Niazi after which Niazi handed ter also visited few foreign countries for the same reason. However, India only received sympathy in response. The US sent an air- craft carrier in the Bay of Bengal to scare India for any action in East Pakistan. The British sent a naval contingent to the Ara- bian Sea but turned tail when Russian sub- marines surfaced up in their route.

Aftermath Sheikh Mujibur Rehman, who had been released from jail under international pres- sure, went to London. He returned to Ban- gladesh via India after the Pakistan surren- der in East Pakistan and took oath as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. returned to India along with 93,000 Pakistani POWs. On July 2, 1972, the Shimla Agreement was signed between Pakistan President and PM Indira Gandhi. Bhutto promised to resolve the Kashmir issue but did not want it to be put on paper on grounds his government would fall. He later reneged on the promise. India returned 93,000 POWs to Paki- stan without obtaining the release of 54 Indian POWs languishing in Pakistani jails. Officers passing out from Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul continue to take an oath they will avenge the loss of East Pakistan. accelerated generation of terrorism but anticipating that chickens will eventually come home to roost sold their soul and territo- (Top left) Senior Indian Army officers at Hardinge bridge; (Top right) Troops with captured weapons at Jamalpur; rial sovereignty of Pakistan to China. (Above left) Indian Army launch multi pronged offensive; (Above right) Indian Army continues its advance. In August 2020, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina-led Government of Bangladesh independently, in addition to training and gali intelligentsia, the Pakistan army began over his revolver to Aurora with a trembling selected 3.5 acres of land in Ashuganj in equipping over 70,000 plus guerilla fighters. mass murder of Bengali intellectuals and hand. East Pakistan had ceased to exist with District bordering Tripura professionals in Dhaka. The campaign saw total surrender of Pakistani forces. to construct a standalone War Memorial Declaration of War the first ever parachute drop of an Indian The IAF did a wonderful job supporting for Indian soldiers who had laid down their On the evening of December 3, Pakistan Air airborne battle group in operations cen- ground operations and knocking out Paki- lives fighting for the liberation of Bangla- Force (PAF) launched surprise pre-emptive tered on 2 PARA from the Parachute Regi- stani Air Force (PAF) assets in East Pakistan desh in 1971. strikes on eleven airfields in north-western ment. This was the brainchild of both on ground and in dogfights. IAF helped Sam Manekshaw later said, “I got every- India, including at Agra - 480 kilometres (later Lieutenant General) I.S. Gill, himself a Mukti Bahini organise a formation of light thing I wanted. I got the money. I went to from India’s Western border. Addressing the dare-devil , who was the Direc- aircraft (named Kilo Flight) manned and the and got Soviet tanks; went nation same evening on radio, Prime Min- tor of Military Operations at Army Head- serviced by Bengali pilots and technicians elsewhere, got the equipment I wanted ister Indira Gandhi said that the air strikes quarters. Well known as ‘Inder’ Gill was who had defected from the Pakistani Air much against the wishes of the bureau- were a declaration of war by Pakistan against awarded the Military Cross on February 3, Force. Kilo Flight attacked targets in East cracy; they don’t like such things coming India. India responded with air strikes in 1944 for bravery while serving in the Corps Pakistan on December 3, 1971 prior to IAF into the hands of the Service Chief, espe- the same night. In the east, of Royal Engineers as a young officer. He involvement from December 4. By Decem- cially a Service Chief who took no notice of the Indian Army and the Mukti Bahini had resigned from the British Army just before ber 7, Tejgaon airfield was put out of opera- them. It was all done against their opposi- already entered East Pakistan in November. Independence and joined the Indian Army. tion, grounding PAF in East Pakistan. The tion but I had the Prime Minister’s support. Sam wanted a quick decisive campaign He had an excellent rapport with Sam. The IAF flew interdiction missions during the She knew what the aim was and she under- before any foreign intervention could come; airborne drop at with Mukti Bahini war blowing up ammunition dumps and stood that this man would carry it out”. multi-pronged thrusts from the East, North in the area was hugely successful and a other fixed installations. Gnats and Sukhoi Sadly after Sam, the bureaucracy has con- and West with Navy blockading ports and psychological blow to the Pakistani army. Su-7s flew many missions in support of tinued to rule the roost over Service Chiefs. Air Force destroying PAF assets on ground Elements of 2 PARA were the first Indian army units as they moved swiftly towards The practice that Prime Minister Narendra or in the air. Detailed planning and prepara- troops to enter Dhaka. Dhaka including a heliborne assault by two Modi started in meeting Service Chiefs peri- tion for the operations plus preparing Mukti On December 14, within 15 minutes of infantry companies across Meghna River odically in 2014, ceased quickly thereafter. Bahini fell on Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh intercepting a message about a high-level near Sylhet on December 7. Canberras The Chief of Defence Staff is not even an Aurora, GOC-in-C Eastern Command. East- meeting in Dhaka, four (IAF) repeatedly struck Jessore, forcing the enemy advisor to the Prime Minister. SP

6/2020 SP’s Land Forces 9 INDIAN Army DAY >> ARMY CHARACTER SPECIAL 2021

The future battlefield scenarios require that we be competent warfighters, but we cannot be competent fighters unless we are as intelligent and mentally tough as we are aggressive and physically rugged Scholar Warrior Ethos of Indian Army — Morals, Ethics and Values

Photographs: IAF, ADGPI / Twitter  mAjor General Yash Mor (Retd) The Army as an “The man who enjoys marching in line and institution cannot allow file by the strains of music falls below my con- tempt; he received the great brain by mistake; any compromise in the spinal cord would be amply sufficient.” —Norman Dixon, (Psychology of Military its own standards of Incompetence) ethics and probity. The

hile various transfor- impeccable character mational initiatives are intended to transit the and transparency that Indian Army into a modern is expected of soldiers force that is prepared to fight Wand win wars of the future, the great- should be constantly est challenge will be to transform existing mindsets to adapt to this transition. The reinforced. change must reflect a professional mindset that is in tune and evolving with the times. The Indian Army has a long and illustrious record; it has excelled both in war and peace; scenarios require that we be competent combating and ensuring security against warfighters, but we cannot be compe- internal and external threats. While we have tent fighters unless we are as intelligent an enviable record; the future will demand and mentally tough as we are aggressive increasingly higher levels of professionalism. and physically rugged. In essence, a professional Army should either l Technically and Tactically Profi- be at war, or preparing for one. This focus cient. The future will belong to leaders must not be diluted and diffusion avoided. Our who are innovative and who can exploit functioning should be professional, ethical the available technology to accomplish and transparent. Organisational goals should the objectives set out for them. The offi- take precedence over personal ambitions. cer will have to have an ability to ‘out While there is much that is good, there think’ and ‘out fight’ any adversary. is a need to curb the increasing tendency to l Operationally Adaptive. As per the take refuge behind age-old traditions and service, officers should be able to think customs, to resist change. The inertia of sta- and understand ‘Operational Art’. The tus quo attitude needs to be overcome, so as best time for research and education in to adopt modern best practices for a trans- this field is the middle years, when offi- formed Indian Army. cers undergo courses at Staff College and Army War College. Such experiences are Morals, Ethics and Values critical to the development of the middle The defining character of Armed Forces; and senior level leadership. We need entrusted with the security of our nation, is to encourage publishing of thought- built upon an intrinsic value-based system. provoking, sometimes critical articles in This value system forms the bedrock of the (Top and Above): There is a need to inculcate a Warrior Ethos in the Army as they are our military journals. We also need our soldiers first and foremost basic ethos of the Army. Essential qualities officers to develop and refine their com- of professional commitment, sacrifice, loy- driven by the functional ethos that prevails. Soldier’s Code munication skills. As officers progress, alty, mutual trust and ethical conduct are Over the years, certain amount of diffusion It is often said that, “The most powerful tool their ability to communicate effectively— has set in and needs correction, especially to any soldier carries is not his weapon but his orally and in writing—takes on increased reinforce the Warrior Ethos, stringent ethi- mind.’’ Morale, training and ethos have long importance. Professional Military Educa- The complex operational cal standards and probity, while improving been known to result in disproportionate tion at each stage of the career of the offi- the working environment. effects on the battlefield. The complex opera- cers is of utmost importance. environment of the future Warrior Ethos. There is a need to incul- tional environment of the future is unlikely l Be A ‘Pentathlete’. The Indian Army cate a Warrior Ethos in the Army. We are to offer any relief or respite from contact with needs to nurture individuals who, met- is unlikely to offer any soldiers first and foremost, and should reflect the enemy, across the spectrum of conflict. aphorically speaking ‘can do it all’. We the ethos of a warrior, which is so aptly Given this reality, all officers should be pre- need junior leaders who are comfortable relief or respite from enunciated in the Bhagwat Gita, as under: pared for close combat - all officers must be not just with major combat roles but across the spectrum of warriors first. The Scholar Warrior Ethos is with operations conducted throughout “I am a warrior; fighting is my about being a Soldier first. The Indian Army the spectrum of conflict, as well. It is conflict. Given this reality, Dharma. needs to train and motivate each officer to important to get our future command- I will train my mind, body and spirit be a Scholar Warrior. Some of the attributes ers and leaders out of their intellectual all officers should be to fight, that we need to infuse in the officers and sol- comfort zones. Excel in all devices and weapons of war, diers to turn out scholar warriors are: - l Bold and Audacious. Risk Taking prepared for close combat Always protect the weak, l Physically Fit and Mentally Tough. Capacity. The training and routine in Be humane, cultured and caring, The importance of being physically fit the Indian Army should be adapted to - all officers must be Be truthful to the point of bluntness, needs no emphasis. What is needed is generate ‘thinking’ and ‘dynamic’ lead- Fight and embrace the consequences. a method to ensure officers do not end ers who will inculcate a flexible, innova- warriors first. God give me strength that I ask nothing up being unfit during staff and instruc-

www.spslandforces.com of you”. tional tenures. The future battlefield Continued on page 14...

10 SP’s Land Forces 6/2020

INDIAN Army DAY >> UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE SPECIAL 2021 Grey Zone Threats – Implications on Force Structuring

Grey Zone conflict strategy has also gained traction due to the pre-eminence of the virtual world in governance, social media, domestic life, commerce and trade. Countries poorly governed are more susceptible to such threats. COVID-19 crisis has further complicated the issue.

Photograph: defense.gov  Lt General Dushyant Singh (Retd) grey zone activities against India emanate only from China and Pakistan. However, piraling Cost of conven- this is not entirely true. There have been a tional war calls for non-tra- number of instances of information opera- ditional strategies which are tions falling in grey zone launched by defined as irregular, hybrid, proxy, friendly nations to promote their national non-contact etc., falling under an interests. A case in point is the engineering Sumbrella term of Grey Zone warfare. A of Dalit agitation of April 2018. The way look at rising US war bills drives home this BBC and Al Zazeera covered these events point compelling other nations to resort to one tends to conclude that these were grey zone warfare. For example, as per a US orchestrated by the US and the UK. The study, it has spent $6.4 trillion since 2001 adverse media cover to happenings in India on all wars fought by it. On the other hand, support for NGOs also can be clubbed under waging a proxy war with non-state actors this rubric. in the grey zone can cause unacceptable damage at minimum costs. For example, Meeting the Challenges of Grey Zone between 1989 to 2002, government of The grey zone threat from China and Paki- Jammu and Kashmir (now a Union Ter- stan is an existential and futuristic threat, ritory) spent `3,630 crores (approximate which is unlikely to be resolved amicably. $500 million) on anti-terror operations Strategic wisdom lies in anticipation of, and of which `2,357 crores was reimbursed preparation for future wars. Gerismov has by the central government (approximate predicted that wars in the future will be 75 $330 million). Against this Pakistan has per cent non-contact and 25 per cent con- spent miniscule both in terms of military tact. Even in the 25 per cent contact sphere and finances to wage a proxy war against the chances of outright conventional wars India. Disproportionate outcomes, of below Cyber Operations Center are unlikely. Arzan Tarapore writing in the threshold of warfare has encouraged Carnegie India backs his conclusion with nations to adopt non-military means to Where does India stand in all this? Sadly, , and other tools and techniques irrefutable logic that, lack of adequate focus achieve their political goals. This form of India lags far behind its adversaries even in to avoid the impression of a military to deal with grey zone capabilities by the warfare has led to the phrase “grey zone defensive mechanisms to counter threats aggression. To respond adequately, Indian Armed Forces has left political lead- conflict” which is an overarching term to emanating from the grey zone. As a result, defenders must develop matching tools ership to respond to such threat with all-or- include cyber, information, hybrid, proxy contemplating any proactive strategy is a of statecraft to neutralize the threats. nothing choice in the use of military force and threshold warfare, brinkmanship strat- distant dream. What are the reasons for l Finally, grey zone campaigns target — either start a major conventional war or egies, acts of sabotage and disruption of such a state? Is it idealism in foreign policy, specific vulnerabilities in the targeted abstain from any military action. Country essential services. lack of domain capability and will to adopt countries. needs to develop capabilities in the irregu- l This unchartered territory which such a form of warfare by our national lar and nontraditional domains. This will nations have to wade through will lead leadership or combination of all these? Grey Zone threat to India not only curb rising military expenditure to realignments and reorganisation These questions beg honest answers which India is facing an unending threat from but also lead to better conflict resolution. of global / institutions such as WHO, would help evolve a strategy to deal with its two inimical neighbours China and In generic terms, we can broadly group WTO, UNICEF and so on. For example this emerging and dangerous form of war- Pakistan. Realising its conventional weak- desired grey zone capabilities in each com- as per Rema Nagarajan, the global par- fare of the future. In fact, given the shady ness, Pakistan has perfected the strategy of ponent of Comprehensive National Power ticipation and contribution to WHO has nature of grey zone warfare there is a need “Bleeding India through a Thousand Cuts.” which will have a direct bearing on our taken a severe beating with US with- of more covert activity strategists than “just China-Pakistan collusion in the grey zone ability to withstand any challenge in the drawal following allegations that the approach” advocates. is now a reality more as evident from some grey zone. There is a need for a “whole of DG tried to shield China for its complic- recent actions by Pakistan such as attempt nation approach” utilising all the elements ity in mismanaging the spread of virus. Elements of Grey Zone Conflict to change the status of Gilgit-Baltistan of national power i.e., Diplomacy, Informa- This space is a fertile ground for psy- Grey Zone conflicts are characterised by (GB), conduct reportedly rigged elections, tion, Military and Economic (DIME). While chological warfare, cyber warfare and l staying below the threshold to preempt publishing farce of a map showing Ladakh meeting grey zone challenges needs a mul- terror war which are essentials of grey a military response. and Junagadh as parts of Pakistan. Such tipronged approach in all four domains of zone warfare. l They unfold gradually over time rather actions by Pakistan in collusion with China DIME, this piece will focus on information It has also been seen that each country than in bold, all- encompassing actions are being taken with utter disregard to past and military security domain only with a has coined its own terminology for grey drawn out over years or even decades treaties and international laws. Similarly, view to evolve an outline strategy and force zone warfare such as “Unrestricted War- to preclude decisive response from the China, is now resorting to pressure point structure to deal with such threats. fare” and the “Three Warfare Strategy, com- adversary. tactic, through face-offs and salami slicing prising legal, psychological and information l They lack attribution. at the northern borders besides leveraging Information Security – National Level warfare by China.” Similarly, Russia prac- l In cases, where attribution is overt, use its economic strength to adversely influence Initiatives tices Gerasimov doctrine a mix of hybrid of extensive legal and political justifica- our economic growth. The recent example Information Technology has already and threshold warfare, which some experts tions often grounded in historical claims of China trying to swamp Indian economy stepped into new realities of big data, quan- like David Carment and Dani Belo term as supported with documentation forms through ASEAN sponsored Regional Com- tum computing, machine learning, arti- “hybrid balancing.” Iran, Pakistan and USA part of the conflict obfuscation. prehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) ficial intelligence and robotics. The use of have almost perfected the art of proxy war- l To avoid decisive responses, grey zone is a case in point. Actions along the North- space based technologies has further made fare which can be grouped under the rubric campaigns typically stop short of ern borders in Galwan, precluding the these systems robust, agile, responsive and of grey zone warfare. threatening the defender’s vital or exis- use of firearms to prevent any escalation, dynamic in real time. This has impacted tential interests. inciting or prompting Nepal to raise the the entire spectrum of national power both l Sixth, even as it seeks to remain below Limpiyadhura-Kalapani-Lipulekh dispute hard and soft. To exploit this domain for China-Pakistan collusion key thresholds, it employs the risk of and Doklam are a few incidents that can be grey warfare, the strong software base in escalation to coercive advantage. clubbed under grey zone. Also skillful use of India needs to be supported by developing in the grey zone is now l Grey zone campaigns are typically built maps and old fabricated revenue documents an indigenous hardware design and pro- around non-military tools, as part of used by China to buttress their claims over duction capability. Given the growth lag a reality more as evident the tactics of remaining below key territories along the LAC and Borders will in hardware sector, India should collabo- thresholds for response. They employ fall under grey zone. rate with countries like Singapore, South from some recent actions diplomatic, informational, cyber, his- Other Sources of Grey Threat. There Korea, Taiwan and other world leaders as

www.spslandforces.com torical half-truths quasi-military forces, is also common perception that most of the an offset to trade negotiations. India needs

12 SP’s Land Forces 6/2020 >> UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE

to acquire manufacturing skills in semicon- the country both in the military and non- should constitute Conflict prevention, ductors to enhance indigenous production military domain. The table below shows the management and termination strategy Agile, lean and and guard its intellectual property rights current setup which presents a very adhoc across the entire spectrum of warfare technologically with a viable legal framework. Investment scenario. Some suggestions to improve the including grey zone. However, as discussed both private and public in semiconductor Strategic Information Security of the coun- above India will be facing threats mostly in empowered Special industry is a must if we are to become truly try are discussed below. the grey zone and hence it would be more ATMANIRBHAR. l Apex leadership a single point agency prudent to build military capabilities in Forces would provide a India needs to identify vulnerabilities to to oversee and coordinate all National the grey zone to respond to salami slicing its info infrastructure and critical data to level efforts in the information domain and proxy war threats of Galwan, Doklam, better response option create backup and redundancy in commu- is needed urgently. This is a special- Chumar, Depsang type by China and nications, power transmission, aviation & ised function and requires a dedicated Pathankot, Uri, Pulwama type by Pakistan. to counter grey zone railways. Cyber-attacks are a reality which organisation with accountability to the Currently we are laying undue emphasis threats need refined, comprehensible and easy to PMO / NSA. Delegating it as a sub func- on creating large formations focussed on execute crisis and disaster management tion to one of the Dy NSAs may not be conventional punitive operations which plans along with indigenous capability to adequate. This must reside as a distinct not only have the inherent danger of esca- escalate cyber deterrence. There is also an identity either directly in the PMO or lation but also inhibit military response in such threats. The Special Frontier Forces inescapable requirement to create redun- Under the NSA as Dy NSA (Information grey zone. The answer lies in firmly moving must also get grouped under this com- dancies for space based assets and their ser- Operations). The military component to small agile land formation like the Inte- mand. Future engagements are likely to vices. Further there is a need to develop an must also directly key in to the pro- grated battle groups duly backed by effect occur unanticipated and the response offensive capability as well in this domain posed apex leadership. The apex Infor- based joint operations under integrated thereof has to be rapid and lethal. Spe- because any information operations archi- mation Operation leadership must also theatre commands. At the same time build cial Forces should also have the capabil- tecture will get breached against sustained have the staff drawn from all relevant capability to deal with grey zone threats by ity to operate beyond Indian Territory. attack by determined virtual world preda- agencies / civilian / military experts focussing on , cyber opera- This is imperative considering India’s tors. Chinese have breached the Pentagon such as media, intelligence, psychologi- tions, information operations and using strategic interests, stakes in the Indian Virtual Space on a number of occasions. cal warfare, electronic, cyber and space niche technology based operations such Ocean Region and the widespread Therefore, unless the adversary is also made warfare. as swarm drones and high precision long Indian diaspora. conscious of the fact that his infrastructure l The role and task of the proposed Infor- range systems. l Jointness, integrated and synergised and national systems can also be targeted in mation Operations Organisation must Agile, lean and technologically empow- efforts are required to operate in a equal measure it will be well neigh impos- be to undertake a threat assessment of ered Special Forces would provide a bet- highly mobile, sophisticated and lethal sible to achieve credible deterrence in grey all possible vulnerabilities to national ter response option to counter grey zone environment. Most of the Armies in the zone. However, to achieve this we must security by our adversaries. Conse- threats. These Special Forces should also world have adopted integration over exploit our software skills by raising an quently, the necessary response must have the capability to operate beyond jointness. Cyber war, information war, army of hackers who can at critical junc- be formulated and directions passed to boundaries. Therefore, for a robust mili- out of area contingencies and hybrid ture incapacitate adversaries’ systems and various agencies involved in managing tary response we need to build a Joint and threats are some of the areas wherein render them in effective. threats related to information domain. Combined Arms Capabilities in our defence the integration of resources is impera- Information-Cognitive dimension of The role of this agency must also extend forces. Use of irregular forces such as ter- tive and must be handled by joint forces the Indian Public including Armed Forces beyond the military to public informa- rorists, insurgent organisations to wage commander. Accordingly, creation of Personnel is highly susceptible which tion and market related information proxy / hybrid wars and employment of the following joint organisations at the can lead to both tangible and intangible management. Anti National Elements would also form an CDS and Theatre Commander level are gains for adversaries. There is an urgent l Range of Information Security at the integral part of grey zone warfare by our essential: need for a strong internal communica- national level, as per a Rand Study, is adversaries. To deal with such threats the – Transforming and expanding the role tion mechanism to dispel rumours and very broad and covers a wide spectrum future structures must be broadly organised of the Defence Intelligence Agency misinformation. At the national and even such as foreign to domestic issues, as under: (DIA) into National Military Infor- at the Armed Forces level it does not seem national to local, wars to crimes, main- l Strengthen the CDS system by man- mation Operations Agency (NMIOA) to exist. Even if it does it has been left to tenance of public goods and services, dating him to gradually transform the for strategic guidance on operations private media houses to run counter fake smooth functioning of the economic operational structure of Armed Forces related to dealing with threat of infor- news and counter propaganda campaigns. and social activities. A schematic rep- towards Integrated theatre commands mation war, cyber war, and Intel- International media such as the BBC, Al resentation of the spectrum of infor- with agile and lean forces based on joint ligence Operations in the Military Zaaeera, New York Times, CNN, Global mation security is shown in the dia- force structuring to deal with threats Domain across the borders. Times, Military Security Services (MSS) gram above. across the conflict spectrum including – Enlarging the scope of Defence Cyber China, DGISPR, ISI are churning out anti– grey zone. Agency to include both defensive and India fabricated news at will with Indian Changes in Military Security Strategy l SF of all the three services need to be offensive measures and placed under media machinery paying only lip service and Structures grouped under a combined joint SPE- the proposed NMIOA. to counter them. The potential flash points The national military security strategy CIAL FORCES command to respond to – Creation of the above capabilities and having propensity to turn into major pub- suitable structure at the Integrated lic law and order situations get inflamed theatre command levels and opera- and turn into mass movements. CAA and Important Structures Involved in Information Operations tional formations placed under The- NRC agitations are some recent examples. atre Commander. Non-Military Military This needs to be kept under constant vigil l Creation of a strong military media with TECHINT and HUMINT under an Intelligence Bureau (IB) Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) agency at the CDS and the theatre level integrated National Intelligence Surveil- R&AW (Research and Analysis Wing) DMI (Directorate of Military Intelligence) managed by professional with supervi- lance and Reconnaissance (ISR) infra- NIA (National Intelligence Agency) DNI (Directorate of Naval Intelligence) sion by military professionals. ADGPI structure to ensure common operating pic- falls well short of expectation in this ture by all stake holders. Linguistic skills to CBI (Criminal Bureau of Investigation) DAI (Directorate of Air Intelligence) arena. include most spoken dialects of languages NTRO (National Technical Research SI (Signal Intelligence) in regional countries especially Mandarin Organisation) Conclusion should be enhanced and harnessed. The National Cyber Security Advisor Contrary to the view of many Western crux of the argument is that there is a need Information & Broadcasting Ministry ADGPI & Defence PRO academics and journalists, Gerasimov to evolve a robust national Information emphasises that there is no model or for- CISD (Cyber and Information Security Defence Cyber Agency Operations Infrastructure. ), MHA mula for warfare, but rather each sce- nario is markedly unique and requires a Existing Information Operations • Other agencies at the national level are ED, EIC, NCB, CID, REIC, RRC, IPIO etc tailored approach. In his view, however, Structure are still evolving “war in the 21st century is conducted at a A number of agencies are looking after roughly four-to-one ratio of non-military various facets of Information Security in Apex Leadership: Director National Information Agency and traditional military tools and tactics”. Therefore, we need to evolve our own solutions both for offence and defence in The national military the grey zone. While we prepare for future wars based on alternate scenarios, there security strategy should will be a requirement of greater syn- constitute Conflict Military Non-Military ergy between all components of security architecture, which needs to be directed Information Information prevention, management towards achieving our National Security Management Management Objectives in real time including counter- and termination strategy Strict rules and External Policy Internal Policy Few Rules ing the threat in the grey zone through regulations Govt Private Distributed an institutionalised whole of nation across the entire Dedicated Multipurpose approach. SP National Local Single Purpose Complex spectrum of warfare The author is Ex Corps Commander Simplex Wideband 11 Corps, Ex Chief of Staff Eastern including grey zone Narrow band No additional cost Command, Ex Commandant Army War College and Ex IG (Ops) NSG.

6/2020 SP’s Land Forces 13 INDIAN Army DAY >> Missile technology SPECIAL 2021 Accuracy, Range of LORA Missiles Demonstrated in Firing Trials

srael Aerospace Industries (IAI) commitment to our clients across the globe. has recently completed a dual opera- The impressive results of the trial prove tional firing trial with LORA, the Long- the system’s maturity and state-of-the-art Range Artillery Weapon System, a pre- capabilities.” Levy added. cise ballistic surface-surface strike mis- Developed by IAI’s Missiles & Space Isile (SSM). The trial was performed as part Group MALAM division, LORA is a long- of IAI’s work plan, testing and proving the range surface-to-surface missile (SSM) that production series of the said missile. The can be launched at targets at various ranges test demonstrated the state of the art capa- with a precision level of 10 meters CEP. The bilities of the advanced system to custom- ballistic missile can be launched from land- ers. The test also verified certain improve- mobile launchers or naval vessels, at targets ments in electronics, and components that designated by their location. The missile contribute to the system’s accuracy. uses GPS-based navigation system aided Held in the open sea, the complex trial by an inertial navigation system, delivering included two scenarios to test and dem- hit accuracy of 10 meters. The missile can onstrate LORA’s advanced capabilities. carry either a multi-purpose a blast-frag- The first scenario involved a short-range (Left and Right): LORA ballistic missile launchings during firing trial mentation or a penetration warhead of 240 launch to 90 km and the second to an kg of weight. extended range of 400 km. Under both sce- The missile system being tested was an narios, the missile was launched to its tra- operational ground version of the system, jectory, navigated its course to the target, comprised of a four-canister launcher unit and was concluded by a successful hit with and command control shelter. Only two utmost precision. Both the weapon system missiles were used on this test, both suc- and the missile successfully met all of the cessfully fired the missiles from a position in trial’s objectives. the open sea to comply with the safety and According to Boaz Levy, IAI’s EVP and qualitative requirements of trials of this General Manager of the Systems, Missiles, type. The trial was executed with a portable and Space Group, the trial was executed trial field and a capsule team that managed according to a fully functional design, the trial remotely. which tested the system’s maneuvering, Boaz Levy, IAI’s EVP and General Man- strike, and precision, as well as technologi- ager of the Systems, Missiles and Space cal developments and enhancements intro- Group, said: “The complex trial, performed duced by the engineers. “Performing a trial under COVID-19 limitations, demonstrated with this level of complexity during these the advanced capabilities of both IAI and days is a testament to IAI’s unwavering LORA ballistic missile hitting the target at maximum range LORA, our strategic missile system. SP >> ARMY CHARACTER

Scholar Warrior Ethos of Indian... Continued from page 10

tive mind while simultaneously exploit and bold plans, a prerequisite for success l Parochialism threatens to mar the fair l Encourage innovative approach and a boldness and audacity. The risk-taking in operations. and just image of the Army and needs to non-hierarchal generation of ideas and ability of Junior leader should not be l Encourage Dissent. There is a general be curbed at all levels. It’s manifestation concepts. curbed since they are the backbone of tendency to discourage constructive sug- in the garb of misplaced sense of espirit- l Encourage genuine dissent to bring out our organisation at the cutting edge. gestions and dissent in military matters. de-corps, loyalty and regimentation has rational, unconventional and bold solu- Finally, it is these young officers who This is true both on the formalised courses to be guarded against. tions to military issues. deliver in almost all war like situations. of instruction as well as in the units and l There is no place in a modern Army for l Employment of soldiers on non-profes- l ‘Hope of Success’ or ‘Fear of Fail- formations. Constructive suggestions turfs based on arms and services and sional duties should be avoided. All non- ure’. As military leaders progress in are misconstrued as a zeal to show off, propagation of the ‘lanyard culture’. core activities should be outsourced, their careers, it is seen that they have arrogance, dissent, or even insubordina- l For a healthy professional atmosphere, where ever feasible. The dignity of the low tendency for risk taking. There are tion! In tactical matters this approach is a clear distinction between ‘On Parade’ soldier should always be kept in mind grounds for thinking that incompetent fraught with the peril of ensuring medi- and ‘Off Parade’ is essential. while assigning administrative duties. commanders tend to be those in whom ocrity, predictability and straight-from- l Excessive, organised social activities l We need to adopt network systems and the need to avoid failure exceeds the the pamphlet solutions. Professional should be curbed. Social functions, the concept of paperless offices. The urge to succeed. Risk taking is fraught arrogance based on competence and when held, should uphold the dignity security aspects should be resolved with dangers and may result in ‘bad commitment, rather than a flexible spine of a military function. These need to be so that they do not retard our march report’ if things go wrong. The military - should be credo of the officer corps. brief and austere events. towards technology. leaders should be encouraged to work l Reduce over emphasis on ceremoni- l A renewed effort must be given to play- from ‘hope of success’ as only such com- Promoting Ethics and Probity in als and non-productive spit and pol- ing sports, all units and sub units across manders can come out with innovative Military Life ish. These events sap the energy of any all military stations where ever possible Notwithstanding the erosion of values and organisation and thus must be kept to must be out in the sports fields. ‘Play the standards of ethical behavior in the society, the bare minimum. Game’ should be the motto for young The Indian Army has a the Army as an institution cannot allow any l Exercise due propriety in the use of pub- officers and solders alike. compromise in its own standards of ethics and lic and regimental funds. It is essential that we nurture junior long and illustrious record; probity. The impeccable character and trans- l Adopt a fair and judicious appraisal leaders and soldiers, who are our most it has excelled both in war parency that is expected of soldiers should culture. Encourage honest reporting. important resource. Time spent in train- be constantly reinforced. Therefore, there is a Mistakes should be acceptable; provided ing and in caring, is time invested wisely and peace; combating and requirement to lay down a code of conduct to they are not deliberate or repetitive. in the future of our Army. Preserve them, ensure a culture of ethical standards and pro- l Sustain focus on operations and train- nurture them and encourage them. Each ensuring security against bity. A suggested code is enumerated below, as ing. Tendency to crowd the calendar senior commander must ensure a tension a guide to be followed and reinforced:- is counterproductive and needs to be free environment where each one can serve internal and external l Senior leaders should lead by example curbed by senior commanders. with dignity and honour. On this Army Day and set the standards. let us dedicate ourselves to; Integrity, com- threats. A professional l Perks, at various levels, need to be codi- Rework the Working Environment petence and commitment. SP Army should either be at fied and not be left to individual inter- With infusion of technology and to meet the Jai Hind! pretations. Misuse/abuse of perks and demands of a dynamic environment, there war, or preparing for one. privileges should not be tolerated. These is a definite need to adopt ‘Directive Style of A special article from a veteran who need to be austere and in tune with Command’ at every level. Some of the steps spent his entire life encouraging high

www.spslandforces.com modern times. that may be considered are:- standards of leadership

14 SP’s Land Forces 6/2020 >> News in Brief

Major Rejig at Army HQs Appointment of Deputy Chief of the L&T-made 91st K9 Vajra-T Gun flagged off by Publisher and Editor-in-Chief Army Staff (DCOAS) (Strategy). It is Jayant Baranwal understood that the Government has agree Gujarat CM at Armoured Systems Complex Deputy Managing Editor to the creation of a new appointment called Neetu Dhulia ‘Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS) Senior Editorial Contributor (Strategy)’ who will oversee perspective Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) planning, military operations and infor- Senior Technical Group Editor mation warfare. The third DCOAS (strat- Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) egy) will act as a “single-point-advice” to Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) Principal Correspondent on operational issues. Lt General Paramjit Ayushee Chaudhary Singh, who is currently serving as Director Contributors General of Military Operations is expected to India be appointed as DCOAS (Strategy). Creation General V.P. Malik (Retd), Lt General Vijay Oberoi (Retd), Lt General R.S. Nagra (Retd), of another new post of Director General of Lt General S.R.R. Aiyengar (Retd), Information Warfare (DGIW) is also on the Major General Ashok Mehta (Retd), anvil, which has been created due to the Major General G.K. Nischol (Retd), requirements of the future battlefield, hybrid Brigadier S. Mishra (Retd), Rohit Sharma warfare, and social media. Director Generals Chairman & Managing Director of Operations (DGMO), Military Intelligence Jayant Baranwal (DGMI), Perspective Planning (DGPP) and Executive Vice President Operational Logistics (DGOL) along with the (Planning & Business Development) newly created post DG Information Warfare Rohit Goel (DGIW) will come under the DCOAS (Strat- hief Minister of Gujarat, Vijay that under the Atmanirbhar Bharat poli- Manager – HR & Admin egy). Earlier all these appointments reported Rupani flagged-off the 91st K9 cies of the Central Government. Bharti Sharma separately to the VCOAS. CVAJRA-T Gun from L&T’s Armoured The ‘K9 VAJRA-T’ systems are being Assistant Manager – HR & Admin Deputy Chief of Army Staff Capa- System Complex (ASC). Maintaining the delivered with more than 80% indigenous Pooja Tehlani bility Development and Sustenance track record of ahead-of-time deliveries work packages and above 50% indigeni- Deputy Manager – Circulation (DCOAS) (CD&S). The Army HQs has in this Ministry of Defence (MoD) pro- sation (by value) at the Program level. Rimpy Nischal streamlined the procurement process by gramme, the 91st Gun was also dispatched This involves local production of over Group Research Associate combining revenue and capital expenditure ahead of contractual delivery date – a 13,000 types of components per gun Survi Massey under a single appointment named as DCOAS testimony to the capabilities and complex system through a supply chain of about Design (CD&S). The current commander of 4 Corps system integration skills, planning prow- 1000 industrial partners, mostly MSMEs, Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht Lt General Shantanu Dayal is likely to become ess and execution efficiency of L&T. with about 150 of them being from the Group Director – Sales & Marketing the first DCOAS (CD&S) when he takes charge L&T Defence is currently producing the state of Gujarat. Neetu Dhulia in January 2021. The Director General (DG) ‘K9 VAJRA-T’ 155mm/52 calibre Tracked, L&T targeted and took sustained Deputy Director – Sales Weapons and Equipment has been renamed Self-Propelled Howitzer Guns under the efforts and innovated by indigenising Rajeev Chugh DG Capability Development and the Master largest contract awarded to an Indian Pri- ‘K9 VAJRA-T’, right from the first proto- General of Ordnance has been renamed as vate Company by the Ministry of Defence. type developed for user evaluation trials SP’s Website Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish DG Sustenance. Both these along with Army On this occasion, J.D. Patil, Whole- by utilising basic K9 Thunder from the Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma Design Bureau which is in charge of industry time Director & Senior Executive Vice South Korean Partner Hanwha Systems Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal interaction and development of futuristic sys- President (Defence & Smart Technolo- and indigenously developing and produc- on behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt tems, will report to the new deputy chief. gies), L&T, said. ing fourteen critical systems, including Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this “With the delivery of 91st Vajra How- the Fire Control System, Direct Fire Sys- publication may be reproduced, stored in a Defence Minister Rajnath Singh itzer, we have created an Industry bench- tem, Ammunition Handling System and retrieval system, or transmitted in any form hands over DRDO systems to Armed mark by once again delivering the only in- other environment control and safety sys- or by any means, photocopying, recording, electronic, or otherwise without the prior Forces Chiefs service, 155mm/52 calibre Artillery Gun, tems to suit Indian operating conditions written permission of the publishers. ahead of schedule. We hope and believe and requirements. SP Printed in India by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd © SP Guide Publications, 2020 This was the last leg of trials in a series of from the Army also witnessed the launch. Subscription/ Circulation User trials which have been carried out in Defence Minister Rajnath Singh lauded the Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 extreme temperature conditions in summer efforts of DRDO. Email: [email protected] and high altitudes in winter. JVPC is a Gas [email protected] Operated Semi Bull-pup automatic weapon Defence Minister Approves proposal Letters to Editor having more than 700 rpm rate of fire, effec- to procure indigenous equipment [email protected] tive range of more than 100m and weighs The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) held For Advertising Details, Contact: about 3.0 kg. The JVPC has been designed under the Chairmanship of the Defence [email protected] Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on Decem- by Armament Research and Development Minister approved Capital Acquisition pro- [email protected] ber 18, 2020, handed over three indig- Establishment of DRDO. The Weapon is posals of various Weapons/Platforms/ SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD enously developed Defence Research and manufactured at Small Arms Factory, Kan- Equipment/Systems for the Defence Forces Corporate Office Development Organisation (DRDO) sys- pur while the Ammunition is manufactured at an approximate overall cost of `28,000 A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, tems to the Armed Forces Chiefs. Defence at ammunition Factory, Kirkee Pune. Crore (about $3.8 billion) on December 17. New Delhi 110003, India Minister handed over the Indian Maritime This is the first meeting of the DAC under Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 Situational Awareness System (IMSAS) to Successful maiden launch of MRSAM the new regime of Defence Acquisition Pro- Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 the CNS Admiral Karambir Singh: ASTRA cedure 2020 and these are the first set of Email: [email protected] Mk-I Missile to ACM Rakesh Kumar Singh Acceptance of Necessity (AoNs) accorded Representative Offices Bhadauria and Border Surveillance System with majority AoNs being accorded in Bengaluru, INDIA (BOSS) to the COAS General M.M. Naravane. the highest categorization of Buy Indian Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) The Defence Minister complimented the (IDDM). 6 of the 7 proposals, that is, 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, DRDO scientists for their outstanding work `27,000 Crore out of `28,000 crore will be Bengaluru 560043, India. Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 in developing defence systems. BOSS is for sourced from the Indian industry. Modular the Army which is an all-weather electronic Bridges are being acquired for the Army and MOSCOW, RUSSIA LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin surveillance system successfully designed the rest is for the Navy and the Air Force. SP Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., and developed by Instruments Research & 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. Development Establishment, . Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, The system facilitates monitoring and sur- Defence Research and Development Organ- APPOINtMENTs Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 veillance by automatically detecting the isation (DRDO) has achieved a major l Lt General Tarun Kumar Aich took www.spguidepublications.com intrusions in harsh high-altitude sub-zero milestone on December 23, 2020 with www.spslandforces.com over as Director General, National temperature areas with remote operation the maiden launch of Medium Range Sur- Cadet Corps on January 1, 2021. RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25818 capability and is being produced by Bharat face to Air Missile (MRSAM), Army Ver- Electronics Limited (BEL), Machlipatnam. sion from Integrated Test Range, off the l Lt General A.K. Samantara took It has been deployed at Ladakh for day and Coast of Odisha. The missile completely over as Director General of Infantry on night surveillance. destroyed a high speed UAV target which December 21, 2020. MEMBER / PARTNER OF was mimicking an aircraft with a direct l Lt General, H.S. Kahlon took over Successful Trials of 5.56x30mm Joint hit. Army version of MRSAM is a surface to from Lt. General Sanjay Verma as Venture Protective Carbine (JVPC) Air Missile developed jointly by DRDO and Director General Capability Develop- Defence Research and Development Organ- Israeli Aerospace Industries (AI), Israel. ment (CD) on December 4, 2020; isation (DRDO) designed 5.56x30mm MRSAM (Army) weapon system comprises which was earlier called Weapons and JVPC has successfully undergone the final of Command post, Multi-Function Radar Equipment. phase of User trials on December 7, 2020. and Mobile Launcher system. The team

6/2020 SP’s Land Forces 15 IAI’s Heron Family Interoperable Solution for Your Operational Needs

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