Genocide: a Comprehensive Introduction Is the Most Wide-Ranging Textbook on Geno- Cide Yet Published
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Patterns in the Mindset Behind Organized Mass Killing
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 12 Issue 1 Article 8 6-2018 Democidal Thinking: Patterns in the Mindset Behind Organized Mass Killing Gerard Saucier University of Oregon Laura Akers Oregon Research Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Saucier, Gerard and Akers, Laura (2018) "Democidal Thinking: Patterns in the Mindset Behind Organized Mass Killing," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 12: Iss. 1: 80-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.12.1.1546 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Democidal Thinking: Patterns in the Mindset Behind Organized Mass Killing Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Seraphine Shen-Miller, Ashleigh Landau, and Nina Greene for assistance with various aspects of this research. This article is available in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss1/8 Democidal Thinking: Patterns in the Mindset Behind Organized Mass Killing Gerard Saucier University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon, USA Laura Akers Oregon Research Institute Eugene, Oregon, USA In such a world of conflict, a world of victims and executioners, it is the job of thinking people, as Albert Camus suggested, not to be on the side of the executioners. –Howard Zinn1 Introduction and Background Sociopolitical violence is a tremendous social problem, given its capacity to spiral into outcomes of moral evil (i.e., intentional severe harm to others). -
Download Pre-Genocide
Pre- Genocide 180571_Humanity in Action_UK.indd 1 23/08/2018 11.51 © The contributors and Humanity In Action (Denmark) 2018 Editors: Anders Jerichow and Cecilie Felicia Stokholm Banke Printed by Tarm Bogtryk Design: Rie Jerichow Translations from Danish: Anders Michael Nielsen ISBN 978-87-996497-1-6 Contributors to this anthology are unaware of - and of course not liable for – contributions other than their own. Thus, there is no uniform interpretation of genocides, nor a common evaluation of the readiness to protect today. Humanity In Action and the editors do not necessarily share the authors' assessments. Humanity In Action (Denmark) Dronningensgade 14 1420 Copenhagen K Phone +45 3542 0051 180571_Humanity in Action_UK.indd 2 23/08/2018 11.51 Anders Jerichow and Cecilie Felicia Stokholm Banke (ed.) Pre-Genocide Warnings and Readiness to Protect Humanity In Action (Denmark) 180571_Humanity in Action_UK.indd 3 23/08/2018 11.51 Contents Judith Goldstein Preparing ourselves for the future .................................................................. 6 Anders Jerichow: Introduction: Never Again? ............................................................................ 8 I. Genocide Armenian Nation: Inclusion and Exclusion under Ottoman Dominance – Taner Akcam ........... 22 Germany: Omens, hopes, warnings, threats: – Antisemitism 1918-1938 - Ulrich Herbert ............................................................................................. 30 Poland: Living apart – Konstanty Gebert ................................................................... -
Conflict Profile
MODERN CONFLICTS: CONFLICT PROFILE Iraq (Kurds) (1961 - 1996) The Kurds are an ethnic group in northern Iraq and neighboring Turkey and Iran. There are longstanding conflicts between the Kurds and the governments of all three countries (see also Turkey-Kurds conflict profile). Sustained warfare between the Iraqi government and Kurdish fighters dates from 1961. In the first phase of the war, the Iraqi government controlled the cities and major towns, while Kurdish peshmerga fighters controlled the mountains. Iraq used aerial bombardment while the Kurds relied mainly on guerrilla tactics. An agreement that would have granted autonomy to the Kurds in was almost signed in >> MODERN CONFLICTS 1970, but the two parties could not agree to the division of oil rights and the fighting HOME PAGE resumed. With increased support from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the Iranian government, the Kurds escalated the war. In 1975, when the CIA and Iran cut off >> CONFLICTS MAP their support, the Kurdish forces were significantly weakened. This phase of the war was >> CONFLICTS TABLE characterized by mass displacements, summary executions, and other gross human rights >> PERI HOME PAGE violations. In 1979, when Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq, he intensified the repression against the Kurds. Though Kurds resisted, large-scale fighting did not resume until the mid-1980s when Iran, now fighting its own war with Iraq, renewed support for the peshmerga. In 1987, Saddam Hussein appointed his cousin, General Ali Hassan al-Majid, to subdue the Kurds. “Chemical Ali,” as he came to be known because of his use of chemical weapons, launched the Anfal campaign that resulted in the deaths of approximately 100,000 Kurds, the displacement of hundreds of thousands of others, and the destruction of more than 2,000 Kurdish villages. -
Slipknot Apresenta a Turnê "Prepare for Hell" Em São Paulo, Em Setembro
Slipknot apresenta a turnê "Prepare for Hell" em São Paulo, em setembro Famosos por seu som pesado e por seu figurino característico que inclui macacões e máscaras, banda anuncia show no dia 27 de setembro, na Arena Anhembi. Ingressos à venda no site da Livepass. Um dos maiores fenômenos internacionais do heavy metal, o Slipknot traz para o país a turnê “Prepare for Hell", que tem base em seu quinto e mais recente álbum de estúdio, .5: The Gray Chapter, lançado em 2014. A apresentação única em São Paulo acontece no dia 27 de setembro, na Arena Anhembi, dentro da plataforma Samsung Galaxy S6 Live Music Rocks. A banda promete um ambicioso show de rock pesado acompanhado por músicas que mostram o futuro doSlipknot, sem esquecer das raízes da banda, tudo isso em um novo palco, especialmente criado para a turnê de 2015. O grupo se apresenta ainda no Rock in Rio, no dia 25 de setembro. A apresentação de São Paulo contará com a participação especial da banda Mastodon. Apresentados por Samsung Galaxy S6 e com patrocínio da Sky e Budweiser, os shows são uma realização da Move Concerts e fazem parte da nova plataforma de música Samsung Galaxy S6 Live Music Rocks. Mais informações sobre venda de ingressos, abaixo, em “Serviço”. Famosos pelo figurino de seus shows, que inclui macacões e máscaras criados especialmente para a banda, o Slipknot promete apresentar no show de São Paulo um set list que reúne não só seus maioreshits, como “Wait and Bleed”, “Duality” e “Psychosocial”, mas também músicas do novo álbum: “The Devil in I”, “Custer” e “The Negative One”. -
Applying the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: a Case Study of Henry Kissinger
Applying the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Case Study of Henry Kissinger Steven Feldsteint TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................... 1665 I. Background ........... ....... ..................... 1671 A . H enry Kissinger ........................................................................ 1672 B. The Development of International Humanitarian Law ............. 1675 1. Sources of International Law ............................................. 1676 2. Historical Development of International Humanitarian L aw ..................................................................................... 16 7 7 3. Post-World War 11 Efforts to Codify International Hum anitarian Principles ................................................. 1680 a. The 1948 Genocide Convention ......................................... 1680 b. The Geneva Conventions ................................................... 1682 c. United Nations Suite of Human Rights Conventions ......... 1684 C. The Development of International War Crimes Tribunals ....... 1685 1. N urem berg Tribunal ........................................................... 1685 2. IC TY and IC TR .................................................................. 1687 3. The International Criminal Court ....................................... 1688 4. U niversal Jurisdiction ......................................................... 1694 5. A lien Tort Claim s A ct ........................................................ 1695 I1. Individual Accountability -
Human Rights: History and Theory Spring 2015, Tuesday-Thursday, 2:30-3:50 P.M., KIJP 215 Dr
PJS 494, Human Rights: History and Theory Spring 2015, Tuesday-Thursday, 2:30-3:50 p.m., KIJP 215 Dr. Everard Meade, Director, Trans-Border Institute Office Hours: Tuesdays, 4-5:30 p.m., or by appointment, KIJP 126 ixty years after the passage of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, there’s widespread agreement over what human rights should be. And yet, what human rights are – where they come from, how best to achieve their promise, S and what they mean to people living through war, atrocity, and poverty – remains more contentious than ever. This course explores where human rights come from and what they mean by integrating them into a history of attempts to alleviate and prevent human suffering and exploitation, from the Conquest of the Americas and the origins of the Enlightenment, through the First World War and the rise of totalitarianism, a period before the widespread use of the term “human rights,” and one that encompasses the early heyday of humanitarianism. Many attempts to alleviate human suffering and exploitation do not articulate a set of rights-based claims, nor are they framed in ways that empower individual victims and survivors, or which set principled precedents to be applied in future cases. Indeed, lumping human rights together with various humanitarian interventions risks watering down the struggle for justice in the face of power at the core of human rights praxis, rendering the concept an empty signifier, a catch-all for “doing good” in the world. On the other hand, the social movements and activists who invest human rights with meaning are often ideologically eclectic, and pursue a mix of principled and strategic actions. -
Tourism, Repression and Ethnocide in Honduras And
Rights Action January 6, 2017 ******* Tourism, Repression and Ethnocide in Honduras and Guatemala: From back-packers to 5-star hotels and cruise ships (http://us9.campaign-archive2.com/?u=ea011209a243050dfb66dff59&id=1bd9c3a32a) ~Connecting The Dots: This is how global inequality and injustice work~ Honduras’ Caribbean coast, populated for over 220 years by indigenous Garifuna people, now being violently and corruptly forced from their lands by tourism, African palm, “model city” and narco-trafficking economic interests. Below: • “Honduras: Government-supported tourism pushes Garifuna maroons off their land of 200 years”, by Diana Bohn • “Top Guatemalan beauty spot mired in indigenous rights conflict”, by David Hill From mining and dams, to African palm and bananas, from garment “sweat-shop” factories, to tourism, most grassroots organizations Rights Action supports and works with are involved in community and environmental defense struggles against harms, human rights violations and repression caused by mainly international companies and investors supported by governments, the World Bank and IMF. • What to do/ How to support: See below ******* Honduras: Government-supported tourism pushes Garifuna maroons off their land of 200 years December 30, 2016, by Diana Bohn http://sfbayview.com/2016/12/honduras-government-supported-tourism-pushes-garifuna- maroons-off-their-land-of-200-years/ In the Honduran Garifuna community of Barra Vieja, an eloquent spokesperson educates the “Root Causes of Migration” group as one member of the delegation records and another takes notes. – Photo: Root Causes Delegation In the early 1800s, the government of Honduras awarded 2,500 acres of ancestral land to the Garifuna, descendants of shipwrecked and/or escaped African slaves. -
The Obama Administration and the Struggles to Prevent Atrocities in the Central African Republic
POLICY PAPER November 2016 THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AUTHOR: AND THE STRUGGLE TO Charles J. Brown Leonard and Sophie Davis PREVENT ATROCITIES IN THE Genocide Prevention Fellow, January – June 2015. Brown is CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC currently Managing Director of Strategy for Humanity, LLC. DECEMBER 2012 – SEPTEMBER 2014 1 METHODOLOGY AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report is the product of research conducted while I was the Leonard and Sophie Davis Genocide Prevention Fellow at the Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM). It is based on a review of more than 3,500 publicly available documents, including material produced by the US and French governments, the United Nations, the African Union, and the Economic Community of Central African States; press stories; NGO reports; and the Twitter and Facebook accounts of key individuals. I also interviewed a number of current and former US government officials and NGO representatives involved in the US response to the crisis. Almost all interviewees spoke on background in order to encourage a frank discussion of the relevant issues. Their views do not necessarily represent those of the agencies or NGOs for whom they work or worked – or of the United States Government. Although I attempted to meet with as many of the key players as possible, several officials turned down or did not respond to interview requests. I would like to thank USHMM staff, including Cameron Hudson, Naomi Kikoler, Elizabeth White, Lawrence Woocher, and Daniel Solomon, for their encouragement, advice, and comments. Special thanks to Becky Spencer and Mary Mennel, who were kind enough to make a lakeside cabin available for a writing retreat. -
MURDEROUS GOVERNMENTS Murderous Governments the CRIME of GENOCIDE
DURING THE LAST 100 YEARS FAR MORE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED BY THEIR OWN GOVERNMENTS THAN BY FOREIGN ARMIES Copyright © 2009 80:20 and individual copyright holders | www.developmenteducation.ie BACKGROUND INFO: MURDEROUS GOVERNMENTS MURDEROUS GOVERNMENTS THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE Cambodia Nigeria 1,700,000 2,000,000 1975 - 1979 1967 - 1970 More people have been killed in the 20th century by their own Eq. Guinea 50,000 Japan T u r k e y 1969 - 1979 10,000,000 1,500,000 (1937 - 1945) USSR 1915 - 1923 20,000,000 governments than by all wars combined. About 25 million Rwanda (1950 - 1975) DURING THE LAST 100 YEARS FAR 1,000,000 1963 & 1994 Iraq 240,000 Pakistan 1962 - 1991 MORE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED 3,010,000 soldiers died in World Wars I and II and another 12 million were 1972 - 1976 Uganda Somalia Sudan 900,000 BY THEIR OWN GOVERNMENTS 1975 - 1985 50,000 2,850,000 (1957 - 1988 - 1991 present) killed in this century’s other wars and revolutions totalling 37 Indonesia S. Vietnam THAN BY FOREIGN ARMIES 1,200,000 China 500,000 1965 - 1975 1965 - 1991 30,000,000 (1950 - 1975) Angola Germany Afghanistan 600,000 11,400,000 1,800,000 1975 - 2001 million lives lost. (1938 - 1945) 1978 - 1992 India 1,000,00 Bosnia 1947 225,000 1992 - 1995 Others:755,000 Namibia, Algeria, Chile, Zaire, Philippines, Burundi, Argentina, Ethiopia, Burma, Guatemala, El Salvador, Syria, Iran, Sri Lanka, • Under Lenin and Stalin, the Soviet government became Lanka, Yugoslavia one of the world’s greatest killers. -
Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ―Sabiha Gökçen‘s 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation Formation and the Ottoman Armenians A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Fatma Ulgen Committee in charge: Professor Robert Horwitz, Chair Professor Ivan Evans Professor Gary Fields Professor Daniel Hallin Professor Hasan Kayalı Copyright Fatma Ulgen, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Fatma Ulgen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION For my mother and father, without whom there would be no life, no love, no light, and for Hrant Dink (15 September 1954 - 19 January 2007 iv EPIGRAPH ―In the summertime, we would go on the roof…Sit there and look at the stars…You could reach the stars there…Over here, you can‘t.‖ Haydanus Peterson, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, reminiscing about the old country [Moush, Turkey] in Fresno, California 72 years later. Courtesy of the Zoryan Institute Oral History Archive v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page…………………………………………………………….... -
Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: a Bibliography
Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: A Bibliography Robert K. Hitchcock Department of Anthropology and Geography University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0368 [email protected] Adalian, Rouben (1991) The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy. Social Education 55(2):99-104. Adalian, Rouben (1997) The Armenian Genocide. In Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views, Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny eds. Pp. 41-77. New York and London: Garland Publishing Inc. Adams, David Wallace (1995) Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875-1928. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. Africa Watch (1989) Zimbabwe, A Break with the Past? Human Rights and Political Unity. New York and Washington, D.C.: Africa Watch Committee. Africa Watch (1990) Somalia: A Government at War With Its Own People. Testimonies about the Killings and the Conflict in the North. New York, New York: Human Rights Watch. African Rights (1995a) Facing Genocide: The Nuba of Sudan. London: African Rights. African Rights (1995b) Rwanda: Death, Despair, and Defiance. London: African Rights. African Rights (1996) Rwanda: Killing the Evidence: Murders, Attacks, Arrests, and Intimidation of Survivors and Witnesses. London: African Rights. Albert, Bruce (1994) Gold Miners and Yanomami Indians in the Brazilian Amazon: The Hashimu Massacre. In Who Pays the Price? The Sociocultural Context of Environmental Crisis, Barbara Rose Johnston, ed. pp. 47-55. Washington D.C. and Covelo, California: Island Press. Allen, B. (1996) Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzogovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. American Anthropological Association (1991) Report of the Special Commission to Investigate the Situation of the Brazilian Yanomami, June, 1991. -
Slipknot – Iowa (2001)
Slipknot – Iowa (2001) Album named after the band's home state of Iowa Bio of the band: Slipknot is a heavy-metal band consisting of nine members, all of whom are male, who became popular because of its extreme music and dramatic stage performances. This group was first formed in the late 1995 in the unlikely locale of Des Moines, IA. It had 3 percussionists, 2 guitarists, 1 bassist, a DJ, a sampler and a lead singer. Aside from their real names, members of the band are also referred to by numbers 0 through 8 and each of them also wears a mask, which they said is part of their personality, like an extension of their body. To explain that, all the group members believe that wearing the masks shows more of what they are like inside and what the music does to them inside. Members include: #1 Joey Jordon- drums (1995-2013) # 2 Paul Gray- bass (1995-2010) #3 Chris Fehn- percussion (1998– present) #4 Jim Root – guitar (1999 – present) #5 Craig Jones - samples (1996 – present) #6 Shawn Crahan -percussion (1995 – present) #7 Mick Thompson -guitar (1996 – present) #8 Corey Taylor - vocals (1997 – present) #9 Sid Wilson - DJ (1998 – present) Iowa Biography: The state of Iowa is probably best known as "the middle of nowhere." Most non-residents consider it the corn-and-pig-state, a geographical black hole. After a couple years of relentless touring in support of their self-titled breakthrough album, Slipknot regrouped to record Iowa, an ode to their home state that consolidates and punctuates everything that had garnered the band its cultish following.