UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 31 Date 30/05/2006 Time 9:39:26 AM
S-0863-0003-05-00001
Expanded Number S-0863-0003-05-00001
items-in-Peace-keeping operations - India/Pakistan - press clippings
Date Created 17/03/1970
Record Type Archival Item
Container s-0863-0003: Peace-Keeping Operations Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: India/Pakistan
Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit Sheikh Blujibur Eahman—new Minster. P""(35 TSETWEEN" the 1st March Assembly from all parts of meetings which had been fix- ••"•* when there was a sudden Pakistan to co-operate with ed several weeks in advarcs announcement of the post- us in this historic task. On would not enable UK to travel ponement sine die of sitting of the 27th February v)e went to Rawalpindi at that time. to the extent of affirming that Furthermore, we had pointed the National Assembly and if any member prevents be- out that constitutional issues Sbeikls Blmjiibur Kahman, i the 6th March, the people of fore the Assemby anything were best: resolved within Uie in Bases. • Bangla Desh have been sub- Just and .reasonable we would National Assembly and its jected to military confronta- accept it. "But even this was Committees rather than by tion. There has been wide- ignored, 'it would appear deli- secret negotiations, and thnt spread firing upon unarmed berately and with motive. r.nce a National Assembly h:id civilians (workers, peasants been brought into beinc, and students) who had stood On the 1st March, by a ra- there was no justification for up to protest against the sud- dio statemet there was sudden any RTC or secret parleys. den and unwarranted post- postponement of the National ponement of the National Ass- Assembly sitting- Sine Die. The I have recounted all these embly. Those who have lost reason given was that there facts in detail to repudiate their lives during ,the* . last • should be more time for "un- the charge that the Awami £»! week are1 martyrs wjiio 'died derstanding," and It was said League has in any way obs- that 'th^re was "political con- tructed the transfer of power. protecting the democratic • frontaiwn -between the leaders The majority party is certain- rights of., the people against of East Pakistan and those of ly not the party which would the arbitrary and ufiwatra'ar-v, the West," Did the people of stand to gain by such obstruc- ted action of postponement, Bangla Desh not have suffi- tion. It is only too clear to sine die of the National Ass- cient reason to feel that their the people of the country anrl embly. It is indeed .a travesty. democratic right had been indeed to the world that it.is of the trujjth tp term '''these • grossly -.interfered With at 'the a minority group of the weft- martyrs as "destructive ele- behest' of an undemocratic mi- em wing, which has obstruct- ments" when, in fact, the real nority? Were there out en- ed and Is continuing f-o destructive,elements are those dugh grounds for them to feel obstruct the transfer of who are responsible for un- Mat a minority group had power. It would appear thnt leashing a veritable reign of aligned itself with certain for- the President has boen r.r.rinj- terror against the people of ces to obstruct the constitu- dering it his "moral obliga- Bangla Desh. It what the tional process and to deprive tion" to submit to the rHH:i- President calls "minimum" the majority of the people of fion of his minority -?rotTo. «ac of fojfCe has resulted in their rights? Indeed these ap- The dfwoc'ratic way of life ;thousands f casualties, are prehensions were further forti- cannot be established nor cm O fied by the steady military power bft transferred to I1!? ,W6 ta- understand that what build up which became evi- .£. he "calls "adequate" force people if a minority •TTOUD .dent.- This showed that poli- conspires with the vept.cd would ajm at extermination? tical confrontation was soon interests to frustrate- fh^ The armed forces have "been to be 'followed by "military democratic . process. Tf th« armed at great'cost, to the confrontation" if the majority d^rnocratic way of life ^« fip nation in order to repel did not submit to the dictation ultimate casualty ar>d 'f the foreign aggressors and not. for ; of. tiie minority group. P^OpO-'Pcl f.TWlsfof Of noi'-c-i- 15 exercise or~TTuthority by li the purpose of mowing down abortpd, this mi'iovitv groin> elected representatives of: tl civilian population. Today in Conspiracy nnd those who .colluded ivi*,h people. Bangla Desh people require it shall not e.^can This brings ws to the que; protection against the excesses . we had warned In litv. tion of the sitting of th being committed by the uni- our statement of the 24th Feb- .'Al'" thn>rr> VPVV National Assembly announce lormed personnel from the ruary, that darji conspiratorial the "handful of ncnple" for the 2;ith March. Wt. I'" •isther " }H*< r&
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a.^rprlec! the urgency in res. "'"liife"^'!!"' arffiy'-'of "bceupatsoii. people -were to take over power afjwFv of f.br1' uertpffi to petit of. an early sitting. But It is .said that the postpone- through the democratic pro- today a grai'C find abnofftial ment of the National Assem- cess. The microscopic mino- icr ? The ines'.io'i ^v-'h situation 'IKS been created- A bly has been' "misunder- rity, which represented the ves- every right 'tliir'rtni? "f^trn virtual feign of terror '-ha1? stood". I would like to.ask ted Interests of the western been created in pui'sunnCS" 'of the President whether or not wing, had by sabotaging de- fJie AtJn^d Forr-ps r"n "ic c—'-7. the policy of mllitaty con- this postponement was effec- mocracy deprived the seventy to, be r?5eoh.srp''*i'*'ffipT" fluff frontation of the civilian ted solely.in response to the five; million people of Bangla rvf . p.nfiurini? *he jnfoerifv, population of Bangla D-ssh.. machinations of ... a single Desh, • as • they did the oppres- a.ncf switritv of Ca.sualties in thousands liave party-constituting a minority sed masses of the Western been reported and the cry of of the total members against Wing:, of their basic rights. In "genocide must ,°top" has been the declared wishes'. . of the -1S53 the Bengali Prime Minis- i^v pn raised on all sides, including ter was dismissed by a conspi- majority .party and,'also those 1 thfv npf in fart, aofi the common people 'of West of jiumarous members, from ; racy of the . Punjabi ruling force of Pakistan and right-thinking the Western, wing.?, We had clique, to 1954, the elected people all over the world. suggested the 15th February Government in East . Bengal The member,?; ' of the was dismissed and the Consti- . Today after the elections National Assembly cannot be as the date for the first sit- tuent Assembly was dismissed the only legitimate source of expected to discharge their ting, while the minority by the same, clique. When authority in the country are duties in an atmosphere of group in question had indica- , general elections were to be ithe elected representatives of terror. So long as this state of ted a preference for the first held in early '1959 the vested the people, ivb individual csn confrontations as also the in- week of March. It was the interests, of the Punjab once claim .'.authority superior to flow of army nersonnel and minority group's view which again struck and Usurped that, of the elected representa- arms from the Western Wing was accepted and the Assem- power. Today; the Punjabi orul- tives. ; • .- ' continues, so long as the ing ' coterie is- attempting to bly was summoned on the ; We, ag the representatives
*^^^*wi^™z~-^^#jj$£g&^^ j,^^^,*^^*—^rr^r-'T?*^'•?.-•.:•* •.-•.. •fflNDUSTHAN: STANDARD WEDNESDAY. MARCH 10, 1S7E TSEVEN!
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is liKo a volcano. The i Bangln l>esh, that is. irujibur prefew to call it that v.'nv. A singSo apark. one move 'ivUlcnt ;s iJ! that is nt'issar-ry J'cn tha flnal blow-up. This is 1ho impression of a Icr.^i;! corr;":s;".-oiide;nt v-'ho saw it all. 9 leader of Bang-la Besh, top picture, walking; through tlse crowd JIujib has not proclaimed in- JLe-ag-ae .volunteers {boHenOJ at the rally on Sunday. depondenca, though, many ex- pected him to do so at Sunday's meeting:. But, he went as fas1 i, i T as ha could g:o, without invit- f* ^/ ing- harsh military • reaction. Mujib piedged . ta fight for The national flag of Bangla the emancipation of his people, Desh. for the realisation of their could be seen. The Army 4.t righta and liberty. A people largely concentrated in front in fevmont responded resnark- of important oScea and build- &*•«•?&§£&?."¥*>!> -•' ably well. ings, guarding strategic instal- [-vg:l£Xitx&fft::tSf< ffi • & *•• • *•• •~
. — j. and Bengali re-aiSirra'etl that every person ._...„... Some people The non-co-operation raove- E. P. E. assisted, wherever • Jiving In Bangla Desli is a estimated that about 300.000 ment has touched every spheia necesssiry, by- A \vanii Leagu^ Bengali and that his person^ people were present- to hear of aortnal life. Hotels ar.i I i.r volunteers; . x~i t property and honour, are our their leader speak. to pledge packed with people wsitin? •v (f) Immediate withdrawal \ sacred trust and .must at any their loyalty to SlSin, their turn to get away. Food •: of Martial Law; ' ' . cost be protected. We are The party officials however, 'has gone scarce. ;•' (g) Immediate transfer -- proud to note that since our hoped foi' R much bigger rally. The ball is now in Yahya's power to the elected repve- volunteers have undertaken Jitjn.y could not come because court. All depends on how , seiitation. If the military the task of vigilance and pat- of transport difficulties. To Islamabad reacts to ths terms confrontation continues and rol there have been no un- many, news of this big evant spelt out by Mujib for trace. our unarmed people continue toward incident, did not reach at all, because I'rte tson-eo-oporatioa move- to be moved down by bullets, Our struggle must continue. Dacca Radio station and other mesit started on March B. But let there, be Op. <*oubt ^that no The objective of the present, radio stations were in the bands it was Muharrain «3ay. . So tltt National Assanbly Can ever phase of the struggle is the of the military - rulers. • impact of the movement could . function. ;'',, immediate termination of The meeting started around not be assessed on the first day, Martial Law and the trans- 3.30 p,m. In a brief 20-minute Tuesday was actually the first fer of power to the elected speech Mujibur spell; out his working day after the announce- representatives-of the people. terms for truce, The people ment. Life stood stall as peo- Our people have already Till this objective1 is attained, roared out in approval. ple stayed away from offices, proclaimed to the world that our non-violent ;&on-co-ope- The meeting: over, crowd dis* courts, factories and farms. they shall no longer allow ration movement must con- parsed Quickly and in.an..order- Ho* long Islamabad will allow themselves to be exploited as tinue. ly manner. A remarkable thing. this to continue? This IB tha ; a colony pf a markefc . They The programme of-'action Soon the.AWami League ttpiuti* question. have expressed their deter- of the week commencing 8th teers set out for the vUtagtes. JPujib has demanded martial mination to be the free citi- March, 1971 is as -follows : To convey the message to: the law must go, troops snust bo zens of a free country. Our , -(1) No tax .campaign to rural-folk. .. • .>;>.•«'! ...... headed ' back to their barrack* economy must be saved from continue, At .the same time he has de- ruination. Our toiling masses (2) The Secretariat, govern- Dialogue clared .workers will refuse to are to be saved from starva- ment and semi-government handle military hardware and tion, disease and unemploy- offices, High Court and,, other Mujibur'S Chief concern • haTP' cargo in ports and railways. ment. The millions in the courts throughout Bangla . been how'to comrmittioate with This could become a point of cyclone-ravaged areas are yet Desh should observe hartaL the people..., %>W;;f;o maintain .•contest--a confrontation. to be rehabilitated. If the a constant dialogue with the Appropriate exemptions shall masses. Apparently 'he has sue- • Already about tw> divisions ruling coteries seeks to frus- be announced from time to oftroops are stationed in East trate these associations, the ceeded in his efforts. time. As I drove from Dacca- to the Pakistan. More are flowing in, people are ready for a long (3) Railway and ports may by ships, by planes. and sustained struggle for function, but railway workers Indian border—a stretch of their emancipation. We pled- and port workers should not about 200 miles, i saw black- The people are inflamed. ge to lead this struggle and co-operate if railways or ports flags hoisted in -every house, Death toll is variously estimat- ultimately to attain, for the are used for mobilisation of . even in remote villages. Side ed between: BOO arid' 1000. West people their cherished goal forces for the purpose of by side, flying high. ;wat* ttJe new Pakistan ^Government haa ad- of emancipation for which so carrying out repression agai- '.flag of,'J3awgJa.peah.' Nowhere mitted KBllng* of only 150 per- Pakistabfj^ag was tfisibiej mujj- sons. many martyrs have shed their nst the people. Vbur haa b|en able to. communi- blood and made the supreme (4) Radio, television and sacrifice of their lives. The newspapers shall give com- '?$?<& Wjjtit-Ihe'' people/.'. For it Is Mujib. appears to tetve won a blood of these martyrs will plete version of our state- .^Kf^i^fcir-'.feijil'if ordered" flying of major yjctory Dy forcing the not go in vain. ments and shall not suppress , military, rule to lift the embar- news about the go on the transmission of his The first phase of our movement, otherwise rs,ce course meeting over the struggle has been launched. lis working in those estab- air. It is also significant that Our heroic masses have dis- lishments . , shall not co- wi two fprmer military bosses have played indomitable courage in -control. come out in support of Mujibui. operate, , ' They are former Air Marshal and determination. .They (5) Only local arid inter- : .iere'''was0 ' little sign, of ^•Will- have braved bullets and vio- y-- °^\stree.ts..Wp and Nur Khan and 'Air Marshal district . trunk' telephones Asgar Khan. Both of them lated curfews in a planned communication shall function.' nanner. i also congratulate are believed to wield consider- rar people and our Awami Turn to Fag/e 8, Col, 3 '; able influence in the Pak army even today. Nur Khan believes that Mujib's six-point programme was flexible enoug-h to have room for adjustments. Asgar Khan feels that it was possible ., . to hand over power to Mujibur inference to the stand taken meeting at Ranuai|i .Blace .and China whih.ter^ly, Ilkefe a and to allow him introduce in* 1 the Awami League on Its Course'.. ground ,0n <&3?uesday:, "aoyeffligp '.EJasf A.paJjistan".? or - terim constitution. irious 'demands. How far is ple^fg'ed full • support • to1 the ; r . . '' This is especially sigmiflcant j empowered, to talk sense movement startea by the headed b> in the- context of the removal ith the Sheikh is the Import- Shejktti ''-,:.i -•• .• •• *.; <\ • r^^ \In the fltst..#as6,,.Eas t Pakis- of Admiral Ahaan from East it factor. . , : •. ,j ' . • • .;'• ' : tan will become a 'buffer bet- Pakistan; As things stand at present, lihie 'should cstuse--\yorry to' ween Indist ".and China and,, tn In Dacca speculations were a Sheikh is unlikely to move the military cilqije which in ita th'a, second,' it Is, ,"goin g to be that President Tahya was not thout consulting the League nervousness' to seek foreign t friendJy tO'--In'dla>' • Chlng. ,do'e3 in a comfortable position. At :ich is likely to give cold re-. support could, only. u,ri.'Me.rest-^ not'Jike th.e ! prospects .and? has one end there are those in the ition to the President. iBut Chitta. An^> that.tptfSncrt ,y.ery ] -.— _^'^.i__ _. a •"i'ii- i^s-i------J._:^r-..
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Continued from Page 7 Col 6 (6> All educational institu- tions shall remain closed. <7 Banks shall not effect remittances to the western wing either through the State Bank or otherwise. (8> Black flags shall be hoisted oh all buildings every day. (9\ -Hartal is withdrawn in all other spheres, but com- plete Or partial hartal may he declared at any moment de- pending' upon the situation. (10) A Sangram Parishad should be organised in each union, mahalla, thana. sub- division and district under the leadership of the local Awami League, ;Uriit. H ,
ms®* NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 30 March 1971
;? ; <"•• wrrEci' "NAiibisfS;'^ " ri; -'V.; March 29—The • representatives of Pakistan and India conferred separately with Secretary Geni eral'Tfaant today but'both said' they had asked for no immedi- HEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 5 April 1971
Thant Authorizes Evacuation UNITED NATIONS, N. Y., April 2 (Reuters) — Secretary General Thant has authorized the evacuation of all United Nations personnel and their dependents from East Pakistan, a spokesman said today.
Red Cross Aid Barred Special to Th« New Yortt Times GENEVA, April 2—The Inter- national Committee of the Red Cross has been refused authori- zation by the Pakistani Gov- ernment to send a relief team with eight tons of medical and other supplies to East Pakistan, a spokesman said today.
Tlw New York Times AprlljJ, 1971 V-Vf iy Mr. Poi-llng^or. i'r Hu.-^;< as well ss with (h? premise of a gary'R Janos Karlar and Bul- solidarity with the garia's Tudor Zhivkov attaalc- Soviet Union. But he argued, ed China toe Us aJitl-Soviet- "this cines not mean identifica- ism. Like the French party tion without choice." leader, Mr. Marchals, the Ita- "Our intemfitir>iialisiri< 's iiaJi leader did not name China haperl on the recognition of but pledged fidelity to the the rompjete Independence of Soviet Union. He claimed that eatfh country and each pai'ty his party had always and find leaves room, as it has would always fight against already happened and can still anti-Soviet manifestations. happen, for points of reason, Dr. Husak was outspoken of dissent and divergence." agrainst China. "We condemn," Apparently the .Italian Ica- he said, "the vicious slander d»r had the Czechoslovak epi- campaign and splitting- activi- sode of 1968 in mind but. In ties of the Chinese party lead- sharp contrast to his position, ership against Czechoslovakia, the Czerli .Pft'rtv leader, Mr. ag-ainst other socialist coun- ' - - - for tries aad above aJl against the Soviet .Union as it undermines the : unity of the socialist States of the international Communist movement. Such taiit invited a. policy is greatly detrimen- tal not only to the common interests of all socialist coun- to visit tfiis but to the vital interests of the Chinese people them- ijelves." Desh Mr. Kadar attacked the "nationalist, revisionist and The Government of the other anti-Marxist views tliat People's Republic of Bangia have emerged in our ranks Desh has invited the United and caused damage" and then Nations Secretary-General, U went on to condemn the Thant, to visit the land to see Chinese leadership. for himself the human misery Mr. Zhivkov launched his and destruction perpetrated attack in the name of party by the Pakistan Army. ideology and kaid "our hearts, the hearts of the, Bulgarian "Communist," the Disclosing this, 'a spokes- 1 man for the Bangia Desh Bulgarian working people will" Government told UNI on the always be with you, dear Soviet brothers and sisters." ':. border that U Thant would Reuter adds : Three ., pt be exposing , himself to the Moscow's allies In the'Corif charge of dereliction of duty munist world's ideological war- if he failed to respond to this"- have chorused disapproval of. . appeal. . China; but " Rumanian^ and ; "All we are asking is that Italian party leaders, have - he should ascertain the chosen instead to reiterate truth," the spokesman said. thir claims to completely in- The invitation to U Thant dependent lines. • ' \ i--/; to visit Bangia Desh came in the wake of more than one appeal to him to intervene Bangia Desh > and stop the genocide by . Pakistani troops. These ap- peals had evoked no responsa Associatio: ; n from the UN's chief execu- ' ' ... •;.. ":v^ ••• ; . vif -v.ij.,.' • live. forme' - d in •.Canad ~ •••'*a? : '• The Bangia Desh spokes- MONTREAL, APRIL , 3.-r- man said that all Bengali A 'group of Canadian sympa-v personnel of Yahya Khan's thizers has formed an orga- ; forces had deserted them and nisation. to support -the'; re- joined hands with the libera- bellion ;ln' Bangia Desh, it ^was '• . tion forces. aniM)unced'"recen'tly, "reports" " He regretted that "friendly . . ' ., ' '.," .jl, countries" like . Iran • and .A 'group "calling11 '-itself' •--the'' •;|.'Saudi Arabia had termed th» Bangia- JOesh Association .ftald, ••"genocide and the Army bru~ that..dne 'of its 'aim'is . was to '! tality on women and children urge- the- Canadian /••.6o'veni-> :,.'ran "internal affair"; of Pakis- ment "to take political initia- •.'Vtani •''•...!•••-> ' • tives rftb^ ^to-'^Se^ *nocide^ : ,,••;" He said it was .mos1 t unfor- by the military, acJn?inistra- -?' turiate ,that . instead" .of Join- ' tion-of 'West PaJdstan.1' • ' '-1. i' ing India in expressing sym-:. ,'The group als.o stated that '"' pathy for the 75 'million joeo- ano'ther. objecBve is "to" expose ; pie of Bangia Desh, .who " tha i attempt by the bureau- "constituted the majority of •cracy and mthless araiy of the now defunct Paldksa," West Pakistan' to destroy tlje * stuns countries had criticised rery foundation* of the d»me- th* resolution adopted by „ graeess" to the aastem- . .<•*;'$ • "*"!"'; weekly meeting .earlier in the day, c".iscusr>ed its position on ixon nLoca rale the reopening of the canal. The evident decision was that the By JUAN dc ONIS subject should be pursued Special to Tln'Ncw Vorlt Tlmr.1 privately, through diplomatic :--;?;\s as to wlui. the SANTIAGO, Chile, April 4— Unity coalition with almost' 50 channels, with the United •\i jiild ultimately de- The left-wing coalition of Presi- per cent of the ballots. States and should not be ad- j, hut he clearly hoporl dent Salvador Allcnde Gossens This total included votes for vanced in public speeches. N.>:6n: would bo more appeared to have' scored a vic- the five parties that back Dr. Guidelines for an Israeli isn the military jury. tory today in Chile's municipal Allende's Government — Com- counterproposal were under- rti^r . suggested that elections, wresting a majority munists, Socialists, Radicals, stood to have been formulated ; .'.'resident had suc- of votes from the anti-Marxist Social Democrats and Popular at the Cabinet level, and mili- 'd imped public tur- Opposition, Socialists. The big winner was tary planners are reportedly 3r the case by an- A tabulation of 2,380,000 Dr. --Allende's • Socialist party. working on the following /-. s personal interest votes by the television station Its percentage of the national specific points: of the Catholic University late vote—21 per cent—was 50 per , The Now York Tlmcs/Rlchard Gardner ?, {former, one' of many black teachers dismissed in By JAMES P. STERBA wake of desegregation, on farm in Oxford, Miss. Special to Tlie New York Times NEW DELHI, April 4—The long battle against West Pakis- Pakistan radio has charged tani soldiers. that nine Indian vehicles loaded Efforts were under way in with arms and ammunition the Indian state of West Ben- crossed the border into East gal, .which borders on East By JON NORDHEIMER Pakistan and were stopped by Pakistan, to organize aid for' Special to Tlie New York Times West Pakistani troops. the East Pakistanis. Several '• JCK, Miss., April 4 — a week by caring for a herd The broadcast, late last night groups of volunteers have re- .-. Boaner's dream got lost of black Angus cattle that and again this morning, said portedly crossed the border •vhcre along the dusty graze on-, acres of rolling pas? the vehicles were stopped on with supplies of food, medicine . roads of Yalobusha • tureland owru-d—by—Johnny their way through Thakurgaon, and some ammunition. y in Northern Missis- Vaught, former head football a town in the northern part of SejLipr_oificials jn Calcutta EI d ha-doesn't know coach at the University of East Pakistan 20 miles from sai.d__privately two .days^ago ;t.c begin looking for it. Mississippi m nearby Oxford. the Indian border. The radio did that discussions _f Disorganizing •o nonths ago Mr. Bon- Mr. Bonner, a. stocky man not say when the vehicles were an underground arms, and sup- es lldge graduate and a with a round face, is 36 years stopped. ply network were Bunder way, .,t :ninister, was-a civics old and the father of six chil- The Indian Government has and they •r it Water Valley High dren. He is one of hundreds denied sending any military •1,' 'me of the first black of black teachers who have equipment to the East Paki- "It is _ineyitabk and o£ '-i i teach integrated been discharged as school de- stanis, who have proclaimed Y£_wljrrie verTadmili "it*1 ' ;s n a rural school sys- segregation has swept across their independence and. are pne_high_Governmejit official in.. tkit was ordered de- the South. . fighting .West Pakistani sol- Calcutta said . in_an interview-r gsi- ed last fall, The National Education. diers. He said it would be politically if.y .Mr. Bonner is a Association reports that a Late tonight, East Pakistani dangerous not to help because i h; md: He was dismissed . minimum of 1,040 teachers "liberation forces" were re- most of the people on hi: teaching job In Jan- ported to have recaptured the si.d now he earns $75 Continued on Page 22, Column 1 town of Dinajpur after a day- Continued on Page 7, Column 1 V -/ .4- / ' •'• \ THE NEW YORK TIME •a' A t I OF SEIZING ARMS Continued From Page 1, Col. 8 sides of thai border are Ben- galis, and support in West Ben- gal for the East Pakistanis has teen virtually unanimous, ;.' Border guards ill West Ben- gal 'have been ordered to turn back what they consider to be "thrill-seeking teen-agers" at- tempting to cross into East Pakistan. But the border is so loosely patrolled that it is un- likely that those determined to cross could be stopped. There have been numerous reports of Indian border guards turn- ing their backs on those cross- ing the border with supplies. - Prime Minister Indira Gandhi 'said today that while India did '•' not interfere in the internal af- , fairs of other countries, it was not proper nor possible to re- gain quiet on events in East {Pakistan. , .'. Speaking in Hindi to national committee members of the rul- ing Congress party, Mrs. Gand- hi said: "We must act in a constructive way to see that we do not do anything that adds to the difficulties of the people there." * Army Unit Surrounded .". Dispatch of Tlic TJmcs, London '..JESSORE, East Pakistan, April 3—An army division is holed up in barracks near here, surrounded by 2,000 East Pak- istani fighters and about 500 members of the East Pakistan Rifles, a paramilitary unit. As another shell is fired from the army barracks about half A mile away and another house crumbles, a Bengali volunteer fires a round from his rifle. The freedom fighters, as those who /*"X have taken up arms against the •f« UNITED NATIONS, N Y, ;pril 9—India protested today against a denial by Pakistan that her Government had failed to take action in the hijacking of an Indian airliner on Feb. 1. A letter from Ambassador Samar Sen of India to the President of the Security Council asserted that despite a Pakistani Government report on Feb. 13, ^akistais had never in fact "deplored" the hijack- ing, had delayed the return of the passengers to Indian terri- tory by 50 hours and had made no effort to disarm and arrest the hijackers before they burned the aircraft. The letter said that India, in subsequently barring flights by Pakistani aircraft over In* dian territory, had "acted'in the interest of maintaining the minimum necessary standar of safety an$ security of national* civil ' CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, Wednesday, lk April 1971 East Pakistan has posed for the big. What a gorgeous daydream for.Mao power world pathy for the East Pakistani state/Nv:G; Sen'Gupta,'that he movement Is strong and where should-evict ithe Bengalis from lion-Reports, considerable private assistance the mission, a big, old two- has been channeled to its story villa at 9 Circus Avenue. Do Not Recognize Bengalis forces. Mr. Sen Gupta reportedly said Mr. Masud first tried to get, the matter was outside his a room last night at the Grand jurisdiction and Suggested that By EMC PACE Hotel, considered Calcutta's the Pakistani diplomat take it Speolil to The New York THrna best. The management refused to court. KARACHI, Pakistan, April Pakistan's main charge against his request on the ground that .22 — India has given assur- India—that the Indian Govern- his presence might incite a riot, Cholera and Smallpox Reported ,'ances that she does not ment is sending armed infiltra- and cause damage to the hotel, CALCUTTA, April 22 (AP)— recognize the so-called Bangla tors into East Pakistan to fo- which is being renovated. The West Bengal state govern- Desh regime proclaimed by ment trouble there. These The Hindustan International ment reported tonight that separatists in East Pakistan, the charges have been denied by Hotel gave Mr. Masud a room, cholera and smallpox had ^Pakistani radio said tonight. India. but the staff refused to serve broken out among nearly half The radio reported that the Meanwhile, the Government him and, according to one re- a million refugees who had fled assurances were conveyed to news agency quoted martial- port, some staff members told to India from East Pakistan. tha Foreign Ministry in Islam- law authorities in Dacca as hav- him that if he did not leave on The state commissioner for abad, the Pakistani capital, by ing said that "reports of sur- his own, they -would throw him refugees, Benoy Mandal, ap- B. K. Acharya, India's High render" by soldiers who had out. pealed for foreign aid to meet Commissioner, or Ambassador, been "misled by antistate ele- He did manage to stay the the emergency. there. ments" were now pouring in night, but this morning, a crowd Mr. Mandal told newsmen from all parts of East Pakistan. of hostile demonstrators gath- that 451,000 refugees had According to the broadcast, The agency also said that ered and began to throw bricks reached West Bengal. He said Mr. Acharya also said that East Pakistanis in the port city and firecrackers. The police that 107,000 were being ac- India would not "grant any of Chittagong were turning in used a few tear-gas bombs to commodated in emergency diplomatic privileges" to M. "miscreants" to the authorities. disperse the crowd. One win- camps and that 344,000 were Hossain AH, the former These reports illustrated the dow was broken in a scuffle. staying with relatives and Government's contention that Mr. Masud spent the after- friends. Pakistani Deputy High Commis- public opinion in East Pakistan noon trying to convince the In addition, 5,800 liave sioner, or consul, in Calcutta, was now against the antigovv chief secretary of West,Bengal crossed from1 into the Indian who last Sunday proclaimed ernment elements there. himself the Calcutta representa- The Government news agjerivi states of Assam and Meghalays, tive of. Bangla Desh — Ben- cy has said that the East Paki- and 27,000 Into Tripura, ac- gali/ for Bengal Nation, the stani populace has been antago- cording to Government figures. name ,ithe>-separatists; have nized by the behavior of the e "The situation is approaching "miscreants." It has distributed given fe"'East Pakistan. reports of wanton shelling, tor- the magnitude of a national Information Awaited ture and other actions ascribed disaster," Mr, Mandal said. "It The Pakistani radio said the to the "antistate elements." will cause a serious strain on Indian High Commissioner had Somewhat similar accounts India's national resources. But declared that his Government of suffering at the hands of you may he .assured, that;,;so hostile elements have reported- long as we eat, so the refugees jjrould fulfill ' its obligation ly been brought back by West '' ''with regard to the vacating of Pakistanis who have been re- fiie premises of the mission in turning here by ship in recent Calcutta. :;"""' ••' '• - •'. days...... £; ."The;Pakistani Government/' The passenger ship Shams.ar- '.the broadcast said,* "is await- rived yesterday from "Chitta- ;jirig' further mformation from gong. Hfer passengers were .jfe High -Commission, in New largely. West Pakistanis—Pa Spelhi so that it can ascertain thans and others—who had pre- 3jbw sincere the Indian Govern^ ferred to leave East ;Pakistan. ijjnent "is"..in -its'- assurances. ^ The points made -by the Inr Pakistani Diplomat Rebuffed representatrvje :in Islama- bad appeared; to '.remove-, two By SYDNEY H, SCHANBERG v-Siajor a'"'~ ~ ~*' ~-*--i!-' *—'-' l|fo^e^.^|||^ Commissioner, tried unsuccess fully today jtb take control of the'Calcutta'•••.mission.: ' The chief secretary of India's WestBengal-'state^government gave him no.satisfaction on .his requestfar, eviction of the East Pakistanis who r took over the mjssipri,;:last/rSunday in "the name' of'Jifliefr Independence :imovement.. • -.^^ ,.'..\ —^ }^^ ij-,,a Ik^i«^'!aa^i.;££^Haaj«iSa ! NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 25 April 1971 and the Soviet Union, "working it might .be 'enough fo make in conjunction with the Indian Washington" think longer about Pakistan: reactionaries, crudely interfered coming down hard against Pak- in the internal affairs Of Pak- istan and risking a diplomatic istan." blow-up with the Chinese. The United States at first took Another explanation offered is Big Powers a cautious stance, saying that, if that the American stance simply the Pakistani Government sought reflects its two decades of sup- In a humanitarian assistance for those port of Pakistan's military gov- suffering in East Pakistan, Wash- ernments with billions of dollars ington would respond. This was in military and economic aid. Diplomatic essentially an echo of the posi- Many of those in the State De- tion taken earlier by U Thant, partment who endorsed this the United Nations Secretary policy find it diffcult now to ad- Minuet General. But Pakistan rejected mit, as some critics charge,, that, the idea of humanitarian assis- on balance, it was a failure, that CALCUTTA — The independ- tance from others, and: turned it fostered development only in ence struggle in East Pakistan back a R6d- Cross relief plane • West Pakistan and left East Paki- is drawing the United States, the that .had-come fo Karachi with stan a badly treated poor rela- Soviet Union, Communist China „ the intention of flying on to Dac> tion. It was this situation..-that-- and India into a sort of diplo- • ca, the East Pakistani capital. helped fu01 Bengasi bitterness and matic minuet and maneuver with As press and other reports led to the present crisis. considerable potential conse- • mounted about the: widespread Foreign aid is a Key factor quences. What these countries killings of Bengali civilians by in this crisis. Should the World eventually decide to do could the Pakistani Army, Washington Bank, the United States and the determine not only the outcome expressed concern about the ar- 10 other Western countries in of the war but also the future my's use of previously supplied the aid-Pakistan consortium re- course of South Asia. American arms and about the fuse - to make any future. com- The process promises to be A loss of life. The State Department mitments and reject Pakistan's long-drawn-out one. fhe auton- said it was reviewing its entire requests to delay the payments omy drive of the Bengali popu- aid program to Pakistan. of existing loans, Pakistan would lation of East Pakistan could India, which has fought two probably be compelled very conceivably last for years. It wars over Kashmir with Pakistan quickly to pull its army out of could plunge the entire Indian and a border war. with China, East Pakistan and bring it homft subcontinent into turmoil, par- has denounced the Pakistani ac- —a 1,000-mile trip across Indian ticularly if it turns into a Maoist tion as "medieval butchery" and territory. or similar insurgency. "systematic genocide" of the The Russians and the Chinese, The reaction so far of the ma- Bengalis, and has rejected the both of whom have been pro- jor powers affected by the in- notion that the strife is an in- viding Pakistan with military aid surgency has gone something like ternal Pakistani matter. in recent years, do not seem this: Many observers believe that to have the same fence-strad- Russians Critical India, which is already giving dling problems as the Americans. some assistance, on an unofficial The Russians, in taking the The Russians, the first to basis, to the Bangla Desh (Bengal Bengali side, have apparently speak, sharply criticized the Pak- Nation) rebel force, may have to decided that Pakistan ts an ex- istani Government in West Pak- declare herself soon and pro- tremely sick country, that India istan and called for an immedi- vide direct aid in significant is the important power in this ate end to the "repressive meas- amounts. region and the power to line ures and bloodshed." Pakistan Some Indian Army officials up with. responded curtly by saying that are itching to pin back' the Pak- this was an internal matter and The Chinese have apparently istanis' ears in this crisis, and decided that whatever the Rus- by telling the Russians in effect, the possibility of another Indian- to mind their own business. sians and Indians support, they Pakistan war cannot be entirely must oppose. Some analysts think A week after the Moscow move, ruled out. All it would take would the Chinese may have blundered Communist China, which has be one irrational military act. by turning their back's on the been vfooing Pakistan in an ef- Most diplomats here view the Bengali independence movement fort to counterbalance Russia's Chinese pledge of support to for reasons of power politics. influence in India, publicly took ' Pakistan as a pro forma move sides with the Pakistani Govern- — more bluster than a.real mili- Few Bengalis understand all ment. The Chinese praised Pres- tary threat against Pakistan's this world diplomacy. They know ident Yahya Khan for taking critics. But at this euphoric mo- only that no one has recognized "the relevant .measures,?! [-/and ment of improving relations be- their :new. Government. charged that :%e 'yriiied^States tween Washington and Peking, i—SYDNEY', a. SCHANBERG MEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 20 May 1971 iage, iney Isaid, would jinyolvev we surveys to •U.S. and Britain Said to Agree be made "by 'teams from the World Bank and the Interna- I On Aid Program for Pakistan tional Monetary. Fund next t* I month. Secondly, they went on, Pak: f> • By BENJAMIN WELLES ,:. •. /' ..;. -V - •_. istan would be expected to pre- : pare 'a "realistic" development Special t<> -The NewYork Times "" '''!' plan covisring both West and | WASHINGTON, May Repatriation Sought East Pakistan. ;fhe United States and Britain H'On March'25 Pakistani troops In the third stage, the offi- $re reported to have agreed to Mere ordered to suppress a cials said, the consortium, r|iead an international effort to .inovement for political autono- which furnishes Pakistan with •|jhore up the precarious finan- Sy backed by the-predomiant- approximately $450-million an- g'eial position of Pakistan. |y Begali population of East nually, would review the re- i|| The United States decision feikistan. Since then Sheik Mu- ports by the World Bank, the f|iyas reported to have been •ur Rahman, head of the Awa- International Monetary Fund Jjrtiade last month in discussions i League and leader of the and Pakistan. j'petween Henry A. Kissinger, ... tonomy movement, has re- The consortium comprises sUjyhite House assistant for na- ip^prtedly been arrested, the the United States, Japan, Brit- itional security affairs, Secre- Ifeonomy of: East Pakistan has ain and other industrialized of the Treasury John B. ';:b;een disrupted ..andean; -.esti; countries. The annual share of IfEonnally and Robert S. ;Mc- abated 3 million: refugees Have; the United States is approxi- f&amara, president of the World .mately ,$200-million. JlJank. » •:'•• crossed; into neigTiboring ta '"Finally, State Department of- "' Mr. McNamara is understood The State Department ; ficials-said, the consortium !!to have won a British pledge today that it had impressed ;,;on members would decide how lt»f cooperation during discus- Pakistani officials here the ne6d much each would contribute.;: fjsions in London April 22 and for early voluntary repatriatibn $3 with Prime Minister Heath of these refugees to East Paki- |ind the Foreign Secretary,: Sir stan. It also said that it was ff|lec Douglas-Home. ,: supporting the appeal issued to- As a result, the World Bank day by Secretary General.Thant d the International Monetary for international aid to the md will, send'survey teams-: to refugees. ••.'. • ; . , - . Pakistan next month as the Charles ;W. Bray, 3d, tihe first step in a four-stage prb- State Department spokesman, .Jram aimed at restoring vitally said that the United States had needed international economic transferred $500,000 to the of- Issistanee. fice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, HJ Assurances Sought Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan of j|! The foreign aid, .however, Iran, to help feed the refugees ||ill be contingent, on moves in India. This sum, he said,-had Sfby Pakistan's central Goveirn- been . taken from ,$5-million ||ient to seek a political accom- previously earmarked for refu- pnodation with the Bengalis in gee relief by United States past Pakistan and to permit an voluntary agencies already; ffliternational relief effort to as- working in India. fist destitute civilians there. Pakistan has now indicated I Muzaffar M. '•Ahmad, senior to the United. Nations and to ponomic adviser "to the Paki- United States officials that she Government, is under- intends to admit United.Nati6ns . to have given assurances and other international relief feat Pakistan would comply in experts nejrt month. The United ^Iks here during the last ten state--• - s ha• d• . Pakista_ .. , n &ys with President Nixon, Mr. that its protracted resistance |issinger, Secretary of State to doing so had harmed her l^illiam P, Rogers and Joseph international' reputation and de- I Sisco, Assistant Secretary of layed the resumption of foreign ate for Near Eastern arid aid. outh Asian Affairs.. All aid to Pakistan by the pi Qualified informants in the Aid - to Pakistan .Consortium— yState Department said that including United States loans,, Delegates of the 11-pation Aid food and military?equipment— ;to Pakistan Consortium would has. been suspended since in Paris in. mid-June to March 25. In thevlast 17 years, Mudy a standby loan'to Paki- Pakistan has received more i)$an reported to raiige between than $4-billion.in United. States 5-million and'.'$l25-million.'' aid/., :•' '••"•. ;,;; - ' " ' Mr. AhmadIs.knowft.to have Four-Stage Program tNpiggested during },his: discus- ^ons here. -that. ; Pakistan After the talks with Mr. urgently- needs 'a' s^andby^ loan Ahmad, State Department offi- cials, jftadex it 'clear that the id :ariothey :?bf >$5bO-roilii6iif to; byui>.^;,*-ryM;i flxy^Siiiniainti•i'^v'P^lW.vf.W:1^''-:*1!-:^^;.-;,,!-;1l* ,completiov •'- ... n M! NEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 23 May 1971 3 jCv | 1: .GEIjJEVl;;,, May": 27—Pledges iOf"I$2.5-anillipn by the United | States and "of $2.4-miUion by 'Britain are the first, by.Govern- ments for a fund for East Pak- YORK TIMES, Tuesday, & June 1971 Refugees 'CALCUTTA* India, June 7|were reported today at a big who are receiving a free daily {Reuters)-r-The number of East refugee camp near the Calcutta food ration from the Govern- airport, bringing to about 100 ment, are seeking jobs and driv- Pakistani refugees flooding into the reported number of victims ing down the price of labor India reportedly reared -five of-ihe disease m the camp. which, in many cases, only million today,. Cholera in epi-f 23: Deaths at Canrj ~ [keeps'Indians at subsistence demic proportions' threatened!" Twenty-thre- deaths' have level at '^e best of times-. this squalid capital of West been reported at the camp— The refugee flow began after Bengal state. mos_tly infants and old persons the Pakistani Army's crackdown In New Delhi, Health Minister —since the first of 40,000 refu- March 25 and its drive against Uma Shankar Dixit told Par- gees started to gather there 12 East Pakistani secessionists. liament today that, as of Fri- days ago. The deaths were vari- In New Delhi, Mr. Dixit, who day, the number of refugees was ously attributed to disease, ex- was speaking during a special 4,738,054. But some observers haustion and malnutrition, and session of parliament on the felt that the total now could, it was not known precisely how cholera outbreak, said that as have passed five million. ! many were caused by cholera. of Friday 2,722,561 refugees Mr. Dixit said the central No new cholera victims were were being housed in camps Government's information indi- reported at a second camp with- in the states of West Bengal, cated that 1,250 -refugees had in the Calcultta city limits since Assam and Bihar and the ter- died in the cholera epidemic six-persons were taken to a ritories of Meghalaya and Tri- up to Friday and that 9,5,0,0 hospital late last week. pura. In addition, 2,015,493 others were in hospitals. •••••. But trie disease, which attacks were ' outside c'a'mps, mainly However, informed sources in the gastrointestinal-system, was sleeping in the open, he said. Calcutta said on Saturdaythat still reported raging in epidemic tlie'death toll was abodt 8,000. proportions in other camps U.N. Aide in Pakistan Government health officials'said throughout West Bengal. Special to The New York Times they had no.precise figures^ but ;.Roy Chowdhury, administra- GENEVA, June 7 — Prince Sadruddin Khan, the United Na- tions' High Commissioner for : a (Refugees, arrived in Pakistan }?;'Gamp about'two miles east yesterday to discuss possible :s' installation. "It was ex-arrangements for the return of pected to house 15,000 to 20,-1 the East Pakistani refugees 30.00: refugees who now seek who fled to India, his office sijelter from the steaming mon- announced today. ' soon 'conditions under- trees Repatriation is the "most de- arijd bushes along the roads to sirable solution to the problem Ca%:utta. ,,,. "\ from the humanitarian point of ;g£he new cairfp is 'being set view," the announcement said. ujpat a Boy Stout center-:de- spite the wish of the West Bengal Government to move''all F.A.O. Appeals for Aid refugees at least, 20 miles from! Special to Tha New Yori Times the city, for. both political and;j ROME, June 7—The Director health.reasons. General of the Food'and Agri- culture Organization appealed Refugees Pose Threat today for additional assistance ! The population of Calcutta to relieve "the very serious has swbllerT'to. more than! 12 humanitarian problem." raised million with the influx of re- by the recent civil strife in East fugees. ' '''.:•." Pakistan. The redugees pose a grave Speaking at the opening ses- political threat to the Govern- sion of the F.A.O. council here, ment; which is spending mil- Dr. Addeke H. Boerma, the di- lions of dollars to aid the flee- rector general, declared that the ing East Pakistanis—money 'de- requests for emergency food sperately .-needed by .millions aid-by Pakistan and India werei of poverty-stncken Indians. "beyond the resources" of hisj There. - .haye ^ toady organization and the World' raTI'A NEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 9 June 1971 er •BjrRfeuterit 4 * NEW DELHI, June 8 — The World Health Organization an- nounced here today ithat cholera had spread along the whole of the 1,350-mile Wesjt Bengal-East Pakistan border. The regional office ef W.H.O. ,-said that the epidemic, which has killed thousands of East Pakistani refugees, had pene trated into-West Bengal as far as Calcutta, 40 miles from the boundary. Officials of the agency said in Geneva yesterday that at v least 3,000 had died of cholera and gastroenteritis in West .Bengal. Other estimates haye put the figure as high* as 8,l0ljp. The total number of, hospit- al cases reported by the In*. pxfam, Christian Aid, War on Sir'1 '.Alee Douglas- Wanf, the Red Cross and the Home' estimated numbers of dian government up to, Sunday Save the Children Fund — be-.'refugees at "upwards of 4,000,- was itijOOO, , - gan a nationwide campaign for 000." He said that the size of "Theirjfe'pbrt today wad issued funds. the problem required coordina- The Red Cross in Geneva tion and direction by a central! as; governments and charities body. The Indian Government,! throughout the world moved said that the Red Cross So- cieties of .Belgium, Finland, and he said, has responded with! to provide food, medicine and Norway had responded to its "generosity and resources but clothing for the millions of urgent appeal with pledges of clearly the burden is such that refugees. aid. • ' L, '"• it must not rest solely on Britain has given $2.4-million The West German - them." ,: t . to the United Nations for aid, is sending tents, baby footf-ahd Sir.: Alec warned that there and the British Foreign Secre- medical supplies; CaftadaVis ' ^: a- "possibility of "wide- tary, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, pledged unlimited assistance. sending enough 'cholera/vac- cine for 20,000..'injections ,r— pear inj'East Pakistan'by red-1 i The first of five Royal Air the entire supplyij: available to (Force flights, with 75,000 v son of the disruption of com- eastern Canada. ' : pounds of spplies, was on its Danish aid organizations are munications and of a shortfall; way to Calcutta. Sir Alec said sending about $220,000 in med- !n the rice harvest." that cholera vaccine and syr- ical supplies. Thirty-five tons "Plans must be made by the inges for administering it and of emergency supplies were Pakistan Government in coop-j saline, solutions would be pro- flown from. Copenhagen to Cal- station with the United Nations; vided. - cutta yesterday. coordinator urgently to antici-j Cholera, which is caused by Japan today pledged $2.5- ate this need," he declared.! bacteria in water or food con- Sir Alec's statement appeared taminated by human waste, million in relief and Japanese ;o. reflect a desire by the brings rapid dehydration from officials heard a plea •'•for;, fur- diarrhea. A victim may lose ther assistance. •:.. -v^'S.-:^'' water at a rate of more than a quart an hour. Muscle cramps, U.N. Responsibility ;Si .. be hoarseness, shrunken skin, Special to The New:r<«ric;Tlnrai/v-j V a - 'moderating- influence on weakness, kidney failure, -col- LONDON, June . Pakistani army -operations.^ lapse and death, may follow. eign Secretary said [-today that Saline solutions reverse the de- the responsibility for the ref- .' Dispute Over Total ^ hyration;- ugees flooding into India from. Special to Tin W«w YoWt Tlmajn Britishf ; charities; have joined East Pakistan "must . be as- •GENEVA, June 8 — Hi K. '-r,± 'j-'_L •:',- j>~ •"•;•_- •-•--•j ' the,.1.11 .;•. ^deliver-'ji_.ii ____y_ sumed by the. United. Khadilakr, Indian Ministet of — .Speaking in; tiie Employment and Reha- ' ' _,- bilitation, told the International ;:<£ap;pr Organization conference rfo'dSv that four;million' refugees; :mm^ak.i«tanhad;i 27,.'!970V 'sHort^aft^r ;-theJj ^East --1 Pakistani cyclone; • The'1 • Times' published a letter: of \ mine advocating the creation :.of, a Disaster Relief •. Organization, together with the- sign-. ing of an international agreement ;to enable it .to operate in foreign or civil war situations. Since that time progress has been made. A task force headed by an Assistant Secretary {JJeneral of the United Nations has worked ori detailed 3>lans for*a Disaster'Rejjef Orgamza-| tioii, supported irt part Jjy a^grantr from a private foundation ac&yated by1" the November letter. A preliminary report is in the process of distribution; The. Disaster Relief. Association, the League of. .Red ^Crosses, churches ami other bodies have; similarly been in- volved in international planning;. The. Society , for -International Law., has started exploring-; Carious routes per- mitting the extension of the work of such an organization to man-made disaster situations., The Swedish Gov- ernment has initiated action: with the General Assembly to follow up on such planning. ' V ".. :, AH this is encouraging. But mean- while the Bengali disaster is increasing , in scope, with local authorities lackuig the resources Jo cope with a catas- trophe of such magnitude, and foreign' help as usual top little, too late, and often of the wrong .kind. To wait for the conclusion of lengthy .negotiations with over 100 countries in every detail of such points as the role of the U.N. resident representative, the coordinai- tipn of. .lionTgPvernmental bodies, the articulation with national and inter- national bodies, seems unnecessary as long as broad lines: are agreed upon. Why not start the operation of a temporary, tentative U^N. Disaster Re- lief Organization right now, in: both/ .East and West Bengal, with one. opera-' tion,. if possible, two coordmated but distinct operations, if necessary,. and modify the structure of :the D.R.O. as experience is acquired in this urgent;, large-scale situation whieh presents .two very different sets..,61 political* parameters. .JEAN .MAYER . Boston, /June 16, 1971 The writer, professor of nutrition at Harvard, -was -.chairman of 'the 1969 White House Conference on Food, Nutrition j and Health. NEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 30 June 1971 Aid Pakistan? " 'Administration officials say they opposed the consor- tium decision because it amounts to using aid as a polit- After months of equivocation and evasion, the State ical instrument. But at the same time they argue that Department has finally made it clear that the Admin- the United States must continue aid in order to gajinV istration intends to keep on furnishing military and leverage to persuade President Yahya Khan to seek a economic assistance to the Government of Pakistan political solution in the East They can't have it both ways. despite continuing acts of repression in East Pakistan that have shocked the world. This incredible policy Perpetuation of American aid to Pakistan is not, in decision defies understanding. fact, likely to help persuade the military regime there to move toward restoration of genuine democratic gov- The admission that aid is continuing as before under- ernment any more than continuing American support mines the credibility of the United States Government for the Athens junta has helped restore democratic rights at home and abroad. The public, members of Congress to the Greek people. It will, however, put the United and at least one vitally interested foreign government States in the untenable position of underwriting policies (India) had been led to believe—although always in of repression, which have led to the ruthless and con- evasive language—that all military assistance and any tinuing slaughter of hundreds of thousands of Bengalis new development assistance for Pakistan would be held in East Pakistan. These policies have already driven in abeyance until there was progress toward a political more than six million East Pakistanis into exile in resolution of the crisis in East Pakistan. The exposure India where their presence creates grave political, social of this deception is likely to be particularly damaging and economic tensions and a rising threat of domestic to United States relations with India, whose foreign and even international conflict. minister left Washington a few days ago with what he President Yahya's recent proposals for restoration of believed were firm assurances concerning American pol- civilian rule offer little hope for significant change since icy toward Pakistan that have now been thoroughly discredited. they continue to exclude the outlawed Awami League, the party which won an overwhelming majority of the The decision to continue economic aid puts the United votes in East Pakistan and an absolute majority of the States in defiance of the World Bank and the eleven- seats in the unconvened National Assembly in last nation Aid to Pakistan Consortium, which has decided December's elections. Under these circumstances, can., informally to refrain from making new aid commit- anyone in Washington explain how additional military;,. ments to Islamabad at this time. The Nixon Administra- ; or developmental aid to Pakistan can be justified morally::! • .tion repeatedly in the past has indicated its. policy would or in terms of this country's pragmatic self-interest in i (be to channel more and more United States aid through peaceful, democratic development on the Indian sub- . Ssuch international means in order to avoid the kind-of cpnt!nejnt?£ -' ] : unilateral decision it is now making in respect to Pakistan. -•y. • -- •—' -:' •" "• NEW YORK POST, Thursday, 1 July 1971 ^aKKtIni:; "ihW fctf _ parOn all * activities .and; to • en- "joy the benefit of scientific Pakistan progress . . . No case of in- fringement of this right has come ~to the notice of the Tells UN government.. ." on East Pakistan Special to The New York Times to exceed that in the cities easily enter the villages as The Khulna thermal power bewildered. It is doubtful WASHINGTON, July 12 — or if there should be a gen- they run the risk of being station was supposed to have whether any Government can Following are excerpts from eral failure to solve the food shot by the "miscreants." A been completed by mid-1971. effectively deal with these a report by a mission of problem, resulting in wide number of these incidents However, there is now a six people in the .near future. It the International Bank lor spread starvation, worXers took place in the week before months' delay in commis- is at the thana level where Reconstruction and Develop- and people generally might I arrived, and the army is sioning the plant; the Czech the shock waves of the army ment that visited East Paki- be forced back into the cities reacting to these incidents by consultants have left, as have action hit the hardest. It was stan last month and from a and towns in large numbers. burning down the villages the Czech erection supervi- at this level where the hope report on a survey of the But neither of these solutions from which these shots are sory staff. Forty-five per cent for agricultural development western area of the province is in any way desirable. being fired. Generally, the of the staff has not yet re- was. It has been set back by army terrorizes the popula- turned to the job. at least five years. by Hendrik van der Heijden, [2] an economist and member of tion, particularly aiming at MUNGLA KUSHTIA the mission. The reports The complete dislocation of the Hindus and suspected It was only April (some 20 were obtained today by The the communications system. members of the Awami The city of Mungla, the days after the army moved Its major manifestation is League. town where the labor for into Dacca), that the army New York Times. almost complete absence of KHULNA Chalna Anchorage lived, have moved north from Jenidah Mission's Report movement of people (except been virtually obliterated by and into Kushtia. There must The situation is very far within towns) and of the ex- Khulna City has been sub- naval shelling. The popula- have been very strong resist- indeed from normal; nor are change of goods between re- stantially . damaged. Very tion, therefore, is down from ance. When the insurgents there any signs that normal- gions and sectors anywhere heavy destruction was ob- 22,000 to 1,000. Damage was withdrew the army punitive ity is being approached or within the province. So long served in the areas alongside extreme: Houses, the market action started. It lasted 12 that matters are even mov- as it continues, this situation The New York Times July 13, 1971 the road and along the river place, the telephone ex- days and left Kushtia virtu- ing in that direction. For this will exert a strong negative Underlines mark cities leading up to the newsprint change, power distribution ally deserted and destroyed. picture to be changed it ap- effect upon all efforts to re- visited by bank official. factory and the Platinum lines, etc. are all totally de- The population was down pears that, as a minimum, vive the economy and to Jubilee jute mill. As a result stroyed. from 40,000 to 5,000. Ninety two formidable constraints meet the basic needs of the of the disturbances, the de- per cent of the houses, shops, population — including, in development programs should struction of houses and the PHULTALA must be removed or over- be resumed at their previous— banks and other buildings come. particular, their food require- continuing uncertainty re- Perhaps the most impres- were totally destroyed. ments. or even higher—levels at the garding life and property. sive visit I made was to. People were sitting around [1] earliest opportunity. A list of The population of greater Phultala. Fifty per cent of the dazed. When we moved The general sense of fear Minimum Conditions such areas would include as- Khulna is down from 400,000 population of this thana has a minimum: rice research, around, everyone fled. It was and lack of confidence on the for Normalization to 150,000. fled (some 20,000 out of a like the morning after a part of most of the popu- In the present political jute research (market) and The administration of total ,of 42,000), mostly nuclear attack. The people lation. circumstance, it is impossible promotion, seed production Khulna district was back to Hindus, leaving behind un- were terrified and still The immediate manifesta- to predict what might con- and improvement (rice and 80 per cent of its original attended plots of land shocked and dazed. I asked tions of this fear and absence stitute a sufficient set of con- jute), food storage and distri- strength. There are serious houses, etc. Everything had them to show me a shop of confidence are the per- ditions for a normalization bution and rural infrastruc- police shortages, but the been disrupted there: The where food was being sold: sistent failure or refusal to process to begin. There are, ture — including the rural situation is improving. Some livestock officer had been It was in the next ninety report for duty, which is however, a number of neces- works, irrigation and inte- senior police officers have killed, the whole administra- minutes impossible to find particularly prevalent among sary conditions. grated rural development pro- been recruited from West tion was in chaos, the people one. the lower grades of civil serv- First, it is most unlikely grams. Pakistan. The road to Jessore ants and workers but is far that any significant move- Economist's Report and Kushtia is generally un- from absent at the higher ment in the direction of nor- J safe, particularly at night. levels, and the general hesi- mality will occur until there : ilESSbRE V Schools are open, but attend- tation of those who have re- is a drastic reduction in the Approaching Jessore, it 'be- ance is very poor. The Poly- turned to expose themselves visibility — and, preferably, came soon clear that this was technic institute, as well as either physically or in the even the presence —- of the the area where the army pur -colleges, however, have not realm of policies and ideas. military and, a re-establish- nitive action had 'been very yet started. Few. are functioning proper- ment of normal civilian ad- severe: From the air, totally The main problem affect- ly. The effects are evident ministration in East Pakistan. destroyed villages were clear- ing Khulna is. communica- throughout the administration Secondly, the food problem ly visible, a building was still tions: The telephone system aM the private sector, as •must be solved. For the pres- on '•fire, and to the eastern works but mail service is well as in the [lack of] inter- ent, this means .programing side of 'the runway a good very irregular. There is only action between the two; arid the massive imports which many houses had been de- marginal truck traffic on the trie result is recorded in the will be required over the stroyed. The airport was roads: Less than 5 per cent nonresumption of normal ac- next 12—months, and rees- heavily guarded by armed .of normal. The army has re- tivity throughout the econ- tablishing—by some combina- forces, who also controlled quested many vehicles and omy. V tion of permanent and tempo- access to' the airport. launches, including Govern^ ! Furthermore, there are no rary measures—an adequate The... authorities estimate ment vehicles, and many sighs thatrthe situation will transport and distribution that the population ..of Jesr have been taken to India. improve significantly or rapr system. Thirdly, any remain- sore itself is down from 80,- Rail service Is off by 50 per idly, Two-dates — April 21 ing available resources must 000 to 15,000-20,000. Some cent. There are very few and June 15—were set by the be -directed first" to rehabili- 20,000 people were killed in buses on the road. Spare Government for all workers tation and reconstruction arid Jessore. The city's center has parts are a problem. Short- to return to their jobs with- to breaking the most irnpor^ been; destroyed; commerce ages of kerosene, edible oil .out prejudice. The second ,tant and -most persistent .has -come','to,-a standstill. and diesel oil exist in the date has how passed, and still- -.physical •.• and- organizational More .than. 50 per cent of the villages.. the calls and professions of bottlenecks impeding efforts 'shops • have.' been destroyed./. ^ The area surrounding the "normalcy fast returning to to get the- economy going : .Damage to;housing in Jes- Platinum Jubliee jute mill has complete normalcy" are go- again./.v ; : . • ,: •.' '•'.• :•/• *.'•;'."•• sore district is/so severe that undergone very substantial ing out. But people remain .Onei implication of this .set the authorities' estimate that darnage. In fact, the destruc- afraid and untrusting) and/it of priorities is that the devel- some 450,000 people have tion of houses and buildings is most unlikely-.that ecoriom-. opment effort will have to re- been affected out of: a total reminds of Arnhem in,1944. ic ..pressures pan or Will be" main in a state of suspension district population of 2.5 Also; many workers' houses generated which are., suffici- for at least the next year or million.. Half a, million people destroyed. The area is de- ently strong to overcome this so. On the:whole, this is cer-. have fled to:-India.- ' serted now. Less than 7 per •reserve. .however/ ••f- The Jessore area is ,by no cent of the mill's- permanent areas of ex- 'means* Secure. Governrh&r ^ • iabj - |g| •priority where officers;. cannot ' any . NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 13 July 1971 S Authoritative, ^{janlj r jofjfjeials| '• "There is also no question said that this represented, in ef-| ' "Generally, the army terror- that punitive measures by the izes the population, particularly feet, a recommendation by the^ military are continuing, as con- aiming at the Hindus and mission that additional interna- sidered necessary by the mar- suspected members of the tional economic assistance to tial-law administration; and Awami League," Mr. van der Pakistan be withheld pending a whether directed at the general Heijden said. The Awami "political accommodation" be- populace or at particular ele- League, which was East ments, these have the effect of Pakistan's dominant political tween President Agha Moham- fostering fear among the popu- mad Yahya Khan and the East lation at large." •party, was banned whehSlhe Pakistani insurgents. "Insurgent activity is con- military action began. They said the mission took1 tinuing" the mission found, In the farm community of the view, endorsed by Robert S. and "this Is not only disrup- Holds War Has So Ravaged , Khulna, the World Bank official McNamara, the World Bank tive. in itself..,, buuuit . alsocuau ofteuiuenn leads to massive army retalia- wrote, "agriculture was in a East That Development president, that until a normal tion." i shambles, the people de- Work Must Be Delayed situation is restored in East "In short, the general atmos- moralized." Pakistan through civilian rule phere remains very ten.se and there will be no conditions un- anything but conducive to the i Mr. van der Heijden noted resumption of normal activi- that on the level of the farm der which economic aid can be 1 ties in the province as 'communities, known as Thana, VAST FOOD FLOW URGED usefully absorbed. a whole," the report said. "the shock waves of the army Diversion Feared Since the army crackdown began March 25, at least 200,- action hit the hardest; it was Restoration of Civilian Rule The view taken by high 000 people, many of them at this level where the hope World Bank officials .is reported Hindus, are reported to have for agricultural development Is Viewed as Only Path to to be that the Pakistani Govern- been killed 'and in excess of was." The hope has been Set ment would divert funds orig-| back by at least five years, Return to Normalcy j'2.5 million-people have become:] he added. inally earmarked for the eastern 'refugees in, India. province to bolster the western "It is doubtful whether any • Because 'of the controversial government can effectively deal economy, which has also suf- with these people in the near fered seriously. That view has and politically delicate charac- Excerpts from the report ter of the report—the United future," he said of the com- are printed on Page 8. also been taken by Britain and munities' residents. Canada, but the United States, States, for example, holds that The over-all report, drawn international assistance to the despite its public urgings of a from accounts by mission mem- By TAD SZULC Pakistani Government should political accommodation, refuses bers who toured East Pakistan, Special to The New York Times be maintained—its contents described the disruption of eco- to deny economic assistance. WASHINGTON, July 12 —A have been kept secret. nomic and social activity and On the basis of the 10,000- said: special World Bank mission ha: I Action by McNamara concluded that East Pakista] word report the World Bank has been so ravaged by recommended June 21 against On Saturday Robert S. Mc- ' "The. situation is very':far West Pakistani military crac new assistance to the Govern- Namara the bank's president, indeed from normal; nor are down that new internal authorized its distribution on a there any signs that normality ment of President Yahya by anj confidential basis to the insti- is being approached or that development efforts "will have| 11 - nation- consortium , aiding to remain in a state of suspen- tution's 21 executive directors matters are even moving in Pakistan. . | and alternates, which made it that direction." sion for at least the next year No Improvement Seen or so." available to the United States United States officials were, The mission, which was unable to say whether the vis- The mission's report, which Government through the United headed by a Briton, I. P. M. Jits to India and Pakistan last has been obtained by The New, States executive director, Rob Cargill, director of the World ert E. Wieczorowski. week by Henry A. Kissinger, York Times, is based on visits' the White House special assist-, Bank's South Asia department, An eyewitness account of the ant for national security af-: to East Pakistan between May! situation in the western section 30 and June 11 to assess the ef-l emphasized that there were no fairs, would result in a change signs that "normality is being of East Pakistan, written by in policy. That includes the fects of the central Govern- Hendrik van der Heijden, an approached or that matters are I honoring of export licenses for ment's suppression of the Ben- economist and mission member, military equipment issued be- gali separatist movement. even moving in that direction"; described the town of Kushtia fore March 25. or that "the situation will im- as looking "like a World War II The report also recommended { As far as can be ascertained, prove significantly or rapidly." German town having undergone the Nixon Administration be- massive food shipments to strategic bombing attacks" as prevent starvation as a result It said that the two most lieves that East Pakistan's in- formidable constraints that a result of 12 days of "punitive ability to resume normal eco- of the disruption of transpor- action" undertaken by the West must be removed are "the gen- nomic development should not tation and agricultural produc- Pakistani Army. eral sense of fear and lack ofi deter the international com- tion in the rice-growing prov- Mr. van der Heijden reported munity from maintaining high confidence on the part of most that "90 per cent of the houses, ince. levels of aid to the central of the population" and "the shops, banks and other build- Government. The Administra- Return to Civilian Rule Urged ings were totally destroyed' jtion has asked Congress to au- complete dislocation of the and that the population "was According to the mission of communications system." Ithorize $118.3-million in eco- down from 40.000 to 5,000." nomic aid Tor the current fis- the International Bank for Re- "Perhaps most important of "Kushtia, as someone told cal, year. construction and Development,, all," the report added, "people me, is the Mylai of the West as the World Bank is formally^ fe.a,r to venture forth and as a Pakistani Army," he wrote. known, East Pakistan is-\mostj "There was only one reaction: cljasuilt; jcqmmerce has virtual- to confirm that impression." unlikely to return to normadj |'ly^e'a|ed~and>eccliiofnic'. activity He reported that in Jessore, "until there is a drastic reduc- another East Pakistani town, ition in the visibility—and, pref • ys(3me5'Q,O.OQ,peopl1 e were killed erably, even the presence" of stfmiiije^fe-'^A^; --, '•-••- the West Pakistani, military • '.•-. '•-a-'-''.'. NEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 23 July 1971 2 Beatles' Benefits for Pakistanis A re $ Thousands of patrons—most- tles. Originally, only one eve- name of the Beatle-owned re- ning performance was to have cording, film, retail and elec- ly youths in informal attire— been given, but the faithful £ waited overnight Wednesday at .were so numerous that a mat- tronic ventures. •vMadison Square Garden and at inee was arranged. Proceeds from the shows will "more than 100 Ticketron out- The Garden's box offices had go'for the relief of the home- lets for tickets to two benefit been scheduled to open at 10 less children and the millions shows featuring two of the f°ur|A.M. yesterday, but after the of refugees who have fled East Beatles, George Harrison and throng' had swelled to more 'Pakistan to India. The relief 2f*ingo Starr, and the Indian than 5,000 Garden officials de- will be administered through "sitar player Ravi Shankar. .cided to put the tickets on sale the Umted_Natipns ^Children's The crowds came early anojwednesday midnight.. By 8:44 FundTTicket prices' range from . -in abundance, demonstratmgU'.M, yesterday all available|$OFto $10. "that the Beatles—or whatever ireservations had been pur- Also donating their services is left of them—can still draw chased. for the benefit concerts are Eric the fans. Klapton, lead guitarist, Leon In about 10 hours, 36,000 Will Aid Pakistanis Russell, pianist; Klaus Voor- Rickety were sold yesterday for The benefit performances are man, base player; Billy Preston, "frerfonnances scheduled to be being presented by Apple|keyboard; Jim Keltner, drum- held at the Garden on Aug. 1Corps, Ltd., and Mr. Klein's mer; Jim Horn, bass; Badfinger, at 2:30 P.M. and 8 P.M., ac- company, Abkco Industries, rhythm guitarist and percus- "' -cording-, to Allen Klein, the Inc., which manages the affairs 'sipnist, and Claudia :Lennear, .American- manager-)of the Bea- of the Beatles. Apple is the linger. _•'; '-"^ WEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 2k July 1971 ctinfiririedithat' the; present worth, of material "in the pipeline"" was about $15-' million. Charles W. Bray 3d, ./the State Department 'spokesman, announced that • Agha' Hilaly,- the Pakistani Ambassador,'had1 Symington Says U.S. Plans met, with Secretary" of State. William P. Rogers today. The to Allow Shipping, Despite principal subject of the meet- ing was President Nixon's re- an Implied Embargo cent disclosure that he; intend- ed to visit China before' next May, Mr. Bray said. • By BENJAMIN WELLES In his statement Mr. Syming- Special lo The Ne.v York Times ton, .who. is^chairman of the WASHINGTON, July 23 — Foreign T Relations subcommit- Senator Stuart Symington dis- tee ron Near E.astern and South, closed today that the Admin- Asian affairs,, .charged .the Ad-] ministration with mowing con-! istration still intended to per- fusion through statenients in- mit approximately $15-million terpreted as meaning "that .we, in arms to be shipped to Pakis- [had.; not shipped arms, to., Pak- tan despite repeated official istan since.March 25; .also that statements implying that a to*;' embargo had been imposed on we':'-riaa .-, •.*,«...•., -.,....-.„,—M; contrasted "This: idid'nff repeated .statements-"'implying ;ever," he continued, "that other arms since civil war broke out lirie: t<£ be shipped to Pakistan.''- "That impression was wrong," that the' United _States had nilitary. equipment had not in East Pakistan March 25. Mr. Symington declared, "and leased all arms deliveries with jone to Pakistan. By early April Senior officials privately con- we have continued these ship- jubsequent evidence that, in the Government of Pakistan or firmed that about $15-million ments, not because we were Jact, arms deliveries were be- powerless to stop them but be- ing continued under a variety its agents had obtained legal worth of arms now in cause we decided not to stop of bureaucratic subterfuges. ;itle to 'and were in possession the hands of Pakistani Govern- them." On April 15, he said, a State of some military items still in ment officials in this country I On March 25 President Agha Department spokesman as- the U.S. In a\legal sense, how- serted that "no arms have been ;ver, the 'delivery' of these may be transported to Pakis- Mohammad Yayha Khan of items to Pakistan had appar- tan as soon as shipping and Pakistan ordered the army to provided to the Government of suppress a movement for po- Pakistan since the beginning ently taken place." other administrative arrange- litical autonomy in East Pakis- of this crisis and the question Mr. Symington further dis- ments could be arranaged. itan. Since then widespread loss of deliveries will be kept under closed that Defense Department review in the light of develop- contractors and other commer- Mr. Symington, Democrat of of life and destruction of-'prop- cial suppliers had continued to Missouri, -accused the Adminis- erty have brought East Pakis- ments." tan's economy virtually to a Mr. Symington cited a letter utilize valid licenses issued be- tration in a long floor state- standstill and have caused of April 25 from David M. fore early April. He said that ment of "semantics, ambiguous about seven million East Pak- Abshire, an Assistant Secretary some 'of the items had been statements on the public rec- istanis to flee to India. of State, to Senator J. W. Ful- shipped "and additional sup- To help stem the; growing bright, chairman of the Foreign plies under these licenses will ords without clarification and Relations Committee, which re- be shipped in the future." no effort to present the actual threat of famine and disease, the United States has allocated ported: "I would say that in thei In a separate development,! facts until pressed to do so." approximataely $70-million for present circumstances we are|the State Department sharply i As of mid-July, he declared, aid to refugees in India, plus not giving any arms at all." criticized Senator Edward M.j [some $35-million to help .refu- In. early April, Senator Sy- Kennedy, Democrat of Massa- the value of unshipped material r-.jligton said, the Administra chusetts, for divulging confi- for Pakistan in the United gees and others jn East ~ ' ' dential State Department cables tan. , tipnvput a "hold" on the deliv States was well over $IO-mil- eryl'of foreign military sales at a hearing of the Judiciary lion. Mr. Symington said that items to Pakistan. It suspended subcommittee on refugees yes- he had learned from "press the issuance of new licenses ti jterday. The messages discussed items on the munitions list fo: the "spector of famine" in sources/' which he did notj either the foreign military sale i East Pakistan. program or for sales through Mr. Kennedy retorted that commercial channels, and held "high officials of the Govern- in abeyance actions, on a one- ment refuse to be candid and jtime exception that had been apparently deliberately mislead I delivered to the Government o" and suppress information." He Pakistan or, its agents. Nothdnj -accused the Administration of relating toj that .one-time '.excep .trying to "whitewash one of.the. [greatest inightmates/bfi^odern^ tiQn^was,-sch^#ed:;fpSde;liyery : he^said^v-if.'^f^Vi iy-1'"' *:"' • .•tinjes'."i;-ry./,:.:•--?.'"' "" ' " ""' ''"'""' 'j iUwJB^fe-PaklstJnlt 'upheaval —v^hlcl^'In^^Srj^n'liiren mil- THE NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 2? July 1971 lion^Ben^alfcref.ugets^nto India knd'raised the" possibility of > I another Indian-Pakistani waiv- I has revived for Indians all the searing images of the bloody] religious rioting that accom-! panied the partition of the sub- &.S.'indla Relations: A New Low continent in 1947 into Pakistan! as a Moslem homeland and In- dia as a secular but predomi- By SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG New Delhi Regards Premier Chou En-lai, Indian nantly Hindu nation. Special to The New York 13mei public opinion believes this may For the Indians, it has be- NEW DELHI, July 26— 1 Aid to Pakistan explain the continuance of come a moral question of good "There's no place to go but up,' United States, military aid to versus evil—a Bengali people. said one pro-American Indian as a Betrayal Pakistan and the refusal of the ; seeking freedom and a military the other day, referring to the Nixon Administration to issue regime suppressing them with bullets. The Americans, in the; depths into which relations be- Further, Indian officials have public denunciation of "the Indian mind, have lined up with tween India and the United drawn a pointed contrast be- military repression in East 'evil. States have recently plunged. tween the United States' policy Pakistan. '•'"'It's Armageddon to the In- TJie newspaper disclosure last Peking Arms Aid Reported dians," said one American. "It month that American arms and that of the Soviet Union. -Wouldn't matter if the amis shipments to Pakistan were Moscow has stated that no So- Indian officials are also consisted of only one nut or continuing despite viet arms have gone to Pakis- drawing attention to the similar;- 'one bolt or one armature for a a previously an- tan since April of last year. ity of American and Chinese 'weapon." New* nounced embargo Henry A. Kissinger's secret policy regarding the East Pakis- In this atmosphere, Washing- Analysis stung Indians as flight from Pakistan to Peking tani crisis. Peking has support- ton's argument that the amount a personal betray- after a two-day visit in India ed the Islamabad regime and •of; the current arms aid is in- al. The disclosure tes only exacerbated Indian- is reportedly supplying sizable significant and that its contin- came just as the Indian Foreign American relations: Indian of- arms aid. uation is necessary if the Minister, Swaran Singh, re- ficials and private citizens feel Washington's current tattered United States is to be able to turned home from a Washing- that Mr. Kissinger's short stop- relations with New Delhi are a exert any private leverage on ton visit during which, he said, over in New Delhi—described very tender subject at the Pakistan for a peaceful settle- he had been assured by the as a fact-finding visit—was United States Embassy here, ment in East Pakistan has made State Department that no new merely a "cover" and a "stage- ~Embassy officials are obviously no impression on New Delhi, j arms would be sent to the Pak- prop" for his visit to Peking. unhappy, but they are not With emotionalism high in istani military regime. This view was buttressed by alking. Other Americans and India, a national debate is Since then, scarcely a day the White House acknowledg- Jnited Nations officials, who raging, largely in private circles,) has passed when the United ment that the timing of the ilearly reflect the embassy over whether to go to war' States has not been vilified in Peking visit influenced the mood, are not similarly against .Pakistan., ; Parliament and the press. The scheduling of the rest of the inhibited. ^ Whilei many in the Indian in- Government of Prime Minister Kissinger trip—which included "Our credibility will be ziloh •telllgentsia talk constantly Indira Gandhi—though reject- stops in South Vietnam, Thai- for some time," said one such teaching the Pakistanis a lesso ing Opposition party demands land, India, Pakistan and France. American. "This has set us back for refusal of United States aid, Mdreover, since Pakistan just as things were beginning; —and some even use the argu confiscation of American assets maintained secrecy on Mr. to look up." ment that a war would be les in India and recall of the Indian Kissinger's movements, facil- "It doesn't mean our relations costly than supporting the mi Ambassador in Washington— itated his flight to Peking and are damaged for all time," said lions of Bengali refugees—n has repeatedly denounced the might have been instrumental another, "but the longer the one at the top in the India Nixon Administration in Parlia- in arranging his meeting with Bangla Desh thing drags on, the ment. Government is recommending The Government charged war, and no war preparation again Monday that the supply are visible. of military assistance to the Still, with the prevailin; Pakistanis after March 25—the tinder-box tension, officials ac day Pakistan began her military offensive against the Bengali knowledge that war remains a secession movement in East peal possibility. Pakistan—"amounts to condo- j Mrs. Gandhi is reported to nation of genocide in Bangla view war as a last resort am Desh and encouragement to the has said her Government would continuation of atrocities by not "embark on any adventuris the military rulers of Pakistan." policies." But both she and th< "Bangla Desh," meaning Pakistani President, Gen. Agha "Bengal Nation," is the name Mohammad Yahya Khan, hav adopted by the East Pakistani declared that if a war were autonomy movement. 'forced on them, they were fullj The continuance of ship- prepared to fight. ments of military goods "also One highly placed official amounts/',! ,v foreign Minister close to Mrs. Gandhi said the Singh said, ""to intervention on Black Star United Press International other day that if war came, it thijb sid;e of the/military_..rulers." Mrs. Indira Gandhi Swaran Singh would be because of "a failure by us or our friends"—that is the great powers—to find a peaceful way out. With 'India providing border to comdsanctuar'es> arrns aid, training nger It wiU taR *~ and sometimes covering fire for out from under" the Bengali resistance fighters, •DJ& ovei there is a persistent danger untense that a minor border clash could "explode into a general -war. India's apparent (hope is that her military assistance will be enough to bring about an in- dependent Bangla DeslC short of war with Pakistan. "We are everything^ ^ p^p.ssib.Ie,'' port the freedom fighters " THE SCIENCE MONITOR, Saturday, 31 •vV-v^W"^ •-. vftK;,^:;,; -,-.. clinging 'as long ns pos- The treatment of Bengal was a logical T ' , no effective pressure on the that s6n^|iow.j,hf gov- progression from history. The West Paki- .official _; ,<-ernment of Pakistan at Islama- of Pakistan-would stanis of today descend from the" Persian, bad to abate the terror in Bengal because grope their way back to a tolerable rela- Afghan, and Pathan hill tribes who came China and the United States have chosen tionship between the two separate parts down from the mountains of the north- not to risk intervention whereas Russia of their bleeding and burning country, but west some 800 years ago and imposed is becoming the main outside friend of with the greatest regret we must face the their rule and their Muslim religion on India. Washington refuses to do anything prospect that it is now too late for recon- the physically smaller and less warlike which might alienate Gen. Agha Moham- ciliation. peoples of the valley and delta of the mad Yahya Khan who was involved in The official government of Pakistan four Ganges. the breakthrough in Sino-U.S. relations. months ago unleashed a military fury But the two peoples never became one The Chinese, naturally, cling to their ad- upon the people of what was then known people in anything but religion. The Pun- vantage in Pakistan. And everyone is as East Pakistan. The results make up one jabis have always been the conquerors, aware of how dangerous an apple of dis- of the horrors of history. the Bengalis the..conquered-. cord an independent Bengal would be. It Some seven million people from East could trigger a war between Russia and ..! V4"r^KivY' x'" !" China. Pakistan have taken refuge in India from Last*March-that:sta'tus,oi'conqueror and"'? > > > the ruthlessness of the West Pakistan conquered was put to the test. The Ben- Army. At least a quarter of a million peo- galis won at the polls the right to take The theoretical solution is easy. All it ple have died. Estimates range up to a over the government of Pakistan. They requires would be an agreement between million. Cholera has been rampant. Fam- h'atd the majority of the votes. But when Russia, China, the United States, and ine is now taking its toll both among "itrcame to working out the constitutional"' India that Bengal should be free and un- refugees in India and among those still ^consequences the Punjabis turned loose troubled by either China or Russia. clinging to the wreckage of their homes their Army in the middle of the night and That's "all" it would take, but getting and lives. The refugee problem in India began one of the great slaughters of his- it appears to be presently impossible. ris beyond the capacity of India. tory. It was an effort to reassert the con- .Chjna must be greatly tempted at the pos- &M|. f. f. f. quest of 800 years ago. {Ki -3W, . .sibility of acquiring control of the Ganges iij One measure of the meaning of what ""Today, four months later, the Pakistan™ basin with an outlet on the Indian Ocean. 'fes"; happened is that people talking about Army controls the main cities of Bengal, Rus'sia certainly would go to great lengths -the place where all this happened again . but not the countryside. Resistance is in- " to'prevent any such thing. '•cair it Bengal, which is what it has been ." creasing. The guerrillas have been able .Meanwhile war could break out again ,'called down through the ages except for twice to knock out the power stations between India and Pakistan at any mo- ^the.'few years from 1947 until now. ,, .serving Dacca, the capital. They fre- ment. It is almost more than India can feThere was a theory, back in 1947, that quently cut the rail lines from Daccar to bear to have so many of its Hindu kinfolk because a majority of the people in the -.--.the other cities. The occupying Punjabi Vibeing killed by Punjabi Muslims just over Punjab and in Bengal were Muslim these . rii (West Pakistan) Army faces precisely the tfhe/'border. two segments of the subcontinent could be -same prospect in Bengal that the Thieu India's Prime Minister. Mrs. Indira linked into a single nation although sepa- ''regime in South Vietnam faced back be- IJ Gandhi, deserves highest marks for her rated by 1,100 miles of territory under the °fore massive American intervention — own restraint and the restraint she has Government of India. the prospect of a pacification program imposed upon her generals. ssstretching endlessly into the future. It might have worked had the people of But the fragile peace which still pre- the two parts of the proposed new state of This tragic and dreadful condition vails among the surrounding powers is be- Pakistan been of the same language, race, leaves everyone concerned with two prob- ing bought at the price of the misery of and culture as they were of religion. It lems. There is the immediate problem of the Bengal people. might have worked in practice had the how to put an end to the horror and mis- fewer Punjabis been willing to let the ery in Bengal. The Punjabis must give up The only faint hope we can see for a more numerous Bengalis share fairly in a military repression policy which is ata- long-term settlement would be from a the combined government and in the en- vistic, self-defeating, and is bringing into meeting of those countries with vital in- joyment of the resources of the two prov- being the very thing it was designed to terests in the result. Prime Minister Chou inces. prevent; the existence of a separate En-lai of China has proposed to President Nixon a conference to consider the Viet- But in practice the Punjabis have domi- Bengal. nam problem. A conference which in- nated the government and have taken the But it very much seems that this can lion's share of the wealth of Bengal to the cluded China, Russia, India, and the happen only if some progress might be United States could also do some quiet Punjab. The attempted union of the two- made toward the solution of the larger in-one state called Pakistan turned out in work on the side about Bengal and Paki- ^problem,; Jth'e problem.-' Qf -,thg relations-"of 'Stih. practice to mean the domination and the the great powers to Pakistan.."•.•• ;., ,••• '<•'•; '-f' exploitation of .the 75 million people of :-JEhe tragedy and the danger underline Bengal by\th.ei56,million peopl: e of the the need for a new "concert of the great b;Sfe^V^Aii:Ti7A^i>ra«l^!);*^OV"':VX'' X^ y":' ' powers." Nothing else has ever yet been invented which could manage a problem i!3£f(ijGfi:-^^ kv^''&.'^4>-?-^'V;^ : : c: ^^^ ^:;'f:'?:'y^:^)^f ]^^il^- -:i 'Jig^WiCSSsSJi^- THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, Saturday, 31 July n971 opposes UN role in crisis Speeiol to The. Christian Science Monitor Islamabad, Pakistan I ' The Pakistan Government has rejected a ^proposal made by United Nations Secretary- "General U Thant that the East Bengal prob- lem be referred to the Security Council/for a solution. U Thant had proposed to Pakistan Presi- dent General Yahya Khan that the Security Council should consider the crisis in the east wing of Pakistan, as the escalation of ten- sions there between Pakistan and India is threatening the security of the subcontinent, and could lead to^ a great-power confronta- tion. U Thant asserts the question of East Bengal refugees in India, the'border clashes, and the whole range of problems in that region merit the consideration of the Secu- rity Council. t It is believed here that Pakistan had Amer- ; acan backing in turning down U Thant's I suggestion. 9Observers seen adequate ; In saying "no" to U Thant, Pakistan has -3 rj pointed out that the Secretary-General's z r t J «i pi ^ 1 ~— WASHINGTON POST, Saturday 31 July 1971 "»^ :i HP C!JL O • J? 'WT 1 lo stops. ReiiigeO e Work • From News Dispatches < The Indian government has eign relief workers, unless started ordering foreign vol- 1 specifically requested, because ' unteers to quit their work it reported the number of ';In^ ^anipng East Pakistani refugees dian volunteers was suffideiitS ;(within 48 hours, official . so;urces in New Delhi said yes- It said foreign workers also, ;;terday. added to administrative 1 .,'The least possible number dens, such as the need t Jpfr foreign volunteers should range translators for theni :t>'£ permitted, for a variety of to find housing. '•'. ,.< reasons," said one high-rank- In New York, U.N. Se^c|i Indian official familiar tary (General U Thant'. ap? the relief program. "If pealed to India and Pakistani; i fibne at all are there, that to permit U.N. agencies to f aV ; wciuld be the best possible al- cilitate the return of an esti- ternative." mated seven million East Pak- The first foreign volunteers istani refugees who fled to affected-six' from Britain'and India after the outbreak of one from Canada—were those civil strife in East Pakistan working.for "War on-.Want," a last March. British social service organiza- Thant" also -urged the U.N. tion operating a hospital that Security • Council to take up treats 300 refugees a day near the India-Pakistan dispute, Calcutta's airport warning that the UN can no Thfe Indjan goVsrjmjent said IgUge.r ignore ''^le^POtenti last "week ;t 3oes noi want for threat to peace and security " THE NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 1 August 1971 Under a Plan Sponsored by dp* rir".v. •-,',• s? ..-.• :.;• -• off '• passiops f- and: ::darrip aown Thant 'Out on a Linib' ' military reprisals," one infor- " "The U.N. has no formal ma-, :bx the Office'of frank L: Ke!-'' mant said. "It's not the U.N.j chinery and no budget for in- logg. Special Assistant to the function to do this—but it will ternational disaster relief op- Secretary of State for Migration be an important side effect." erations," one source said. "U and Refugee Affairs, indicate On March 25, President Agha Thant has gone out on a limb. that a total of $144-million has Mohammad Yahya Khan or- That's why the U.S. has agreed to contribute an initial $l-mil-! now been subscribed by the dered the Pakistani Army— United States, by 45 other predominantly composed of lion to get this thing moving." troops from West Pakistan—to Other sources said that the' countries and by private inter- U.S. Wins Acceptance by j intervene in predominantly Ben- expenses for the group might; national organizations to assist gali East Pakistan and suppress reach 33-miIlion to $4-miIlion' in caring for the seven million Thant and Yahya on Plan widespread demands for politi- jin its first si* months of., opr Pakistani refugees scattered in for 153-Man Relief Unit |cal autonomy. Since then, the 'erationii;vT.n&..Hnited'i. Slates."is 1,500 camps in India. The army's actions have led to United States has contributed widespread loss of life, prop- S70.5-million and private Amer- erty damage and economic dis- ican organizations $1.8-million. By BENJAMIN WELLES location and the flight of some , Defense Department officials Special to The New York Times ! seven million refugees into said that the Pakistani Govern- WASHINGTON, July 31—The adjoining India. jment holds valid licenses and United States, working behind One official today described ihas authority to ship from the .the scenes, has won the agree- the agreement of Mr. Thant and 'United States SI4.9-rnillion in "military supplies." "nient of both Pakistan and the of President Yahya to the pro- 5 posals for a United Nations United Nations to station an group, in East Pakistan as "the UNICEF Centers in .India'.--, international group of 153 civil- only ray of sunshine in an . CALCUTTA, India :(A?j,'; July ian relief and rehabilitation otherwise gloomy situation." 31— Tojstaye. off ''the threat of experts in East Pakistan under 'Pakistan's agreement to the| widespread1'deaths from mal- United Nations sponsorship, United Nations force is said to' have been inspired largely by officials said today. unremitting but unpublicized nutrition amonff "efu?ee chil- Moreover, they said, the United States pressure. In re- dren fr :n East Pakistan, the United States has notified U cent years the United States has United Nations Children's Fund Thant, Secretary General of the- contributed about $200-million; ,V Tte New York Timos Aug. 1, ".971 is opening 1,000 centers in put of the $450-million a ye'ar ;i"U.N. offices will be set,;:., United Nations, that it will eastern India on Aug. 15 to dis- in economic aid to Pakistan by ^ up in underlined cities. ;| contribute $1-million at once as art international consortium pense high-protein foods. an initial payment to help the] headed by the World Bank. • :: "The situation is very seri- cgroup organize and fly neces-" '-, Request from Pakistan 'that other nations'w'ili| ous," said J. Gullmar Anders-; sary equipment to Dacca. f : : ; On.May 24, President Yahya Cbntribate. & i'i son, the Swedish director of a Among the United Nations asked the United Nations for *:~ The Agency for InternationjSdjj new emergency section set up staff will be 73 monitors, who i recommendations. His formal Development was said to have) by UNICEF. will be stationed at four area [ approved to the plan is expected radios and other equipment on'' Mr. Andersson, who is 35 offices in Dacca, Chittagong, 'momentarily. hand for dispatch by air once years old, said two million j Rajshahi and Khulna and at 69 World Bank and other sources the Pakistani Government's for- refugees—children below 9 and other locations. Each monitor said today that recruiting for mal approval is received. The expectant mothers—would be the new group has been under l will be linked by radio with a agency has six staff members given about 3 /2 ounces .of high- way for several weeks. Accord- ..protefn, '• food a day,^including United Nations headquarters in ing to these sources, the first based in Dacca and is also re- | food made .from milk powder, Dacca, qualified informants contingent will comprise 38 ported ready to contribute tech- said. members of a headquarters nical assistance to the United "The .presence of ,73 U.N. staff to.be sent to Dacca. Nations force. monitors, each reporting on I A second contingent will Informants stressed that the comprise 45 members of spe- United Nations force would^ ^-""Vfcia - cialized agencies. UNICEF, the United Nations children's concern itself primarily with 'agency, for example, will send helping the Pakistani authori- 18;tiie Food and Agriculture'Or- ties alleviate the threat of star-1 jganization,''2"; the World Food vation and disease and with (Program -will send 13'and the rehabilitating . homes and shel- World Health Organization 12. ters for milliohs who have either I The th'ird 'contingent — the fled into the countryside to es- • .radiOrequipped' monitors — will cape the i. array's reprisals or ] be made up of what are being whose homes have been; called the United Nations "fiela wrecked.. personnel." "The U.N. Itself won't operate Ismet Kittari'I, an Iraqi na- anything, but it will provide! tional who is Assistant Secre- coaching and technical assist-1 tary General for Inter-Agency ance and help restore confi-! Affairs, is Mr. Thames deputy dence in the^East Pakistani: in charge of recruiting and dis- administration," one informant! patching the new force from United Nations headquarters in jijajasticsj-eieasedf New York. Baghat el-Tawil, an • Egyptian who is Mr. Thant's Dac- THE BOSTON GLOBE, Monday, August 9, 1971 By ifavad Taylor Globe Staff . . :•*-o. • •; Sen. Edward M. Kennedy left Hindus and members of ,., ;. ,„-, ..•„,.,. ~.r .,: Implicit in that warning . • to staff meitibers, headed Logan International Airport late last East' Pakistan's ' Awami was the threat to forcibly night for a personal week-long tour League, who were strug- evict the refugees, a move by Dale daHaan, director gling for autonomy and a that could involve India of the refugees committee, of the refugee situation in civil-war certain measure of inde- Kennedy will travel with torn East Pakistan and neighboring and Pakistan in another pendence for their country, armed conflict. Nevin Scrimshaw, chair- parts of India. man of the Department of has created severe prob- After several plane lems for India. Nutrition and Food Science Kennedy, chairman of the Sen-* changes, Kennedy will land at MIT, and John P. ate's Subcommittee on Refugees, In June, the Indian gov- in Calcutta on Tuesday Lewis, dean of the Wood- morning. Calcutta, already hopes to obtain a first-hand account ernment warned the Unit- row Wilson School at ed States that it will not plagued by overpopulation Princeton. of the plight of the estimated seven tolerate an indefinite stay and lack of housing, has Recently, the Admin- million refugees who have fled across on her soil by the millions been receiving a large istration criticized Ken- the border into India since fighting of East Pakistan refugees. share of the refugee traffic nedy for disclosing secret broke out last March 25. and resulting problems State Department cables with a cholera epidemic which point up the im- The senator has been highly criti- which has claimed thou- m i n e n c y of starvation cal of the Nixon Administration's ef- sands of lives. among the East Pakistan fort to send adequate aid to the Kennedy will also visit refugees in glaring terms. refugees who have been plagued by Pakistan and then go into The cables urged the Ad- cholera, malnutrition and hunger. the civil war regions of ministration not to take the East Pakistan. In'addition- Last month, he charged that the field reports lightly. Administration is "sweeping under !he rug vast human, •suffering and i threat of famine" in^East Pakis- Worlds Bank mission"" for re'eqnstruction and devel- opment. which said the Pakistan ' - government's crackdown on the Bengali separatist movement in Ea'st Pakistan had taken •more than 200,600 lives and forced millions to flee to India... r.t recommended,. e-" orfas* ' ' sistance to --the central Pakistan government. . Kennedy has also been highly critical of .the Nixon Administration'^ continued s h i p m e n t . :pf. "military hardware and equipment: to support, the i Pakistan army in its pursuitsdn 'East . Pakistan;" ' ', " ., • ' '; : ; ..The flight... of .-'-the refu- THE NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, August 10, 1971 ! 'a* Scheduleit >i* i i s a' Secreo° ' ' "•»»»"t Tria" • Il Of Separatist Chief Tomorrou ,...'.- ': , • ' , , ..."_-. :. Special to The New. Yori Times. • • KARACHI^ Pakistai, Aug. 9 The . Government announce •The .Martial Law'Adminis-ment did not say where the tria itor's office in Rawalpindi an- be held, nor did it iden ounced today that ' Sheik tify-the members of the cour ,Mujibur Rahman, leader.of the In a nationwide radio speec outlawed Awami League, would on March 26, the Pakistan be tried by a special military President accused Seik Muji court for "waging war against of-'being, a "traitor" wh Pakistan" and other offenses. sought the secession of Eas Tha announcement said the Pakistan. Th'e Awami League has 16 trial would begin Wednesday out of 313 seats in the nationa and' would be conducted in se- assembly, which makes it th cret. Gen. Agha Mohammad assembly's strongest party. A Yahya Khan, the President of white paper released last week! Pakistan, is also the Chief said that 88 Awami League Martial Law Administrator. mehibers:who are in the nation- .Sheik Mujib will, be given al assembly had kept their a. chance to prepare his defense seats even after their party was and''Will be provided with all banned. The other 79, the white facilities permitted by law, in- paper- said, would face specific cluding engaging a: lawyer of charges of criminal conduct; hisv.own choice, provided that The" assembly has not been the^awyer is a citizen of Paki- convened. < ; ."p stan,",, the announcement- said. '; Sheik Mujib, 52 years old, •was reported arrested in the Concern in Washington early'hours of March 26 at. his Special to. The New Yort Times home in Dacca after the Paki- WASHINGTON, Aug. 9—The stani Army had moved into Ignited: States, has expressed to East Pakistan. • Pakistan concern over the posr This followed a breakdown sible effects that any "summary of talks between the Pakistani action" against Sheik Mujib Government, headed by Gen- might nave on the prospects eral Yahya and leaders of the for. peaceful East Pakistan, the Awami League, He 'was later State Department said today. reported to have been brought Johnf- Ft -King, the depart- to West Pakistan and placed ment's press officer, said the under: detention. United States' concern was ex- [The Associated Press said pressed • to the Pakistani Gov- that Sheik Mujib "had been re- ernment in,recent weeks when ported imprisoned at Mian- reports first circulated that wali, 100 miles southwest of Sheik Mujib. would be tried. Rawalpindi. The news agency ' United States officials em- quoted informed sources as phasized today that the Nixon saying Sheik Mujib had-1 re- Administration regards the fused an offer of a lawyer matter-gravely and would take and that hp contended" that every ::opportunity to dissuate "the military tribunal before Pakistan from drastic action 'Which he is to appear was against the leader of the "not competent" to judge him ] Awstrin league. ' THE HEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, August ifc, 1971 -^fff ^-^ ;jMii$?': -V- v':.".^r^p-- ? ---—"-"'"•'* " By MALCOLM W. BROWNE Special to The New ITork T]m« i KARACHI, Pakistan, Aug. 13 —Pakistan's armed forces and WMH ATTACKS I police prepared tonight for a threatened wave of attacks by Bengali guerrillas on the 24th anniversary of the independ- ;ence of Pakistan and India from Britain, which is on Sun- :, day. • f While the danger appeared most acute in East Pakistan, where guerrillas bombing has reached/, major dimensions, trouble 'and violence in, West Pakistan are also; feared. Elaborate security precau- tions hape. been adopted at the Intercontinental Hotels in the West Pakistani cities of Raw- alpindi, -Lahore and Karachi. Wednesday night a powerful bomb exploded in a dining (room .. at the Intercontinental Hotel in Daccst, capital of East Pakistan, heavily damaging the building. 'According to .some reports five persons may have ibeen killed and a score in- ured. Intercontinental, Hotels in akistaiip the only • first-class hotels in the country, are cen- tral meeting places for high Government officials, foreign dignitaries and other important persons. • They are believed to have been selected as targets partly to; impress influential . foreigri- irs with the. military potential cif the Bengali separatist guer- iSlIas, known as Mukti Bahini. • 'Ijv'Bpmb.ing an Intercontinental HpteU'-.has- more-- propaganda ya!lue in Pakistan than blowing up! a., dozen factories," one-of- ftciaLsaid. :Reljg'ious. meetings,—-- Boy Scout • processions, flag-raising ceremonies and other traditions are being observed for National Day. But in a speech prepared for delivery to the nation, President Agha Mo- hammad Yayha Khan said that Pakistan's National Day was observed under "the shadow of grave events." The clandestine rebel trans- mitter, Bangla Desh Radio, has frequently warned that a cam- paign of, terror would be di- rected' at the Pakistani Army during August. Bangla .Desh, or Bengali Nation, is the name i given by the rebels to East Pak- istan, where the army moved against the provincial autono- horny movement last March. The •two wJngs'qf .the. country are of! ^idS'--ce:Fi!a'fn^'f:Eurdpeahsv: are also terrorist: targets. ^English tea planners and factory man- agers in the East are threatened, and two have been kidnapped and are believed dead, Mapy^Englisih., businessmen in|, the East c.pose the Bengali rebels whos haye, led strjkes " lJ afiitat!on*» aeainstl^'thsi NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, August 16, 1971 V-I^The"Government has'charged ;:-tha: t 'the Awamrilague plannec : ail :: armed ^uprising: against it which was quelled by Sheik Mujib's arrest and the suppres- sion of the party. Pakistan's President,' Gen. Agha Moham- mad Yahya . Khan, has told Bengali Leader's Case .Was newsmen that Sheik Mujib in- to HaVe Opened Aug. 11 tended to have him arrested and shot. Any or all of these charges By MALCOLM W. BROWNE involve, capital offens_es and ' ;Speol!iI to Th« New York Times under Pakistani martial law DACCA, Pakistan, Aiig; 15— Regulations Sheik" Mujib could Sheik Mujibur Rahman, the be either hanged or shot political leader of East Pakis- On Aug. 9 the Government tan was scheduled to have -announced that a special mili- gone on trial for his life five tary court would begin a secret days, ago, but. there has been trial of Sheik Mujib two days no information on his fate. .later on charges of "waging;, Not newsmen or outside ob- war against Pakistan." '"'r.f*:'?; ; Servers have been permitted, ac-i • f -;i Role for Mrs. Garidhl!%;"j! cess to Sheik Mujib since^his > Political circles in East:TPak-? arrest nearly, five monthslagci; istan have speculated that During the last decade,:SheiJ!; 'Pjime Minister Indira'Gandhi Mujib has been the leading.; e? of,India might have a:rqle'to ponent of Bengali autonom play;:in the trial. .According ;to wi$un*a federated PakistajQ^a '•''this/iine of conjecture, if Mrs. .••th^tf&k many of his follower Giahdlii were' to' announce In- h'ayeipalled for outright setes-- dian;, diplomatic recognition of ! sioniotEast Pakistan. :;"^vr the-secessionist state of Bangla :-Lis|j:i>ec. 7 Sheik MiijibJ Aw^miilLeague scored a sweep- D'esh, Sheik Mujib could expect, : ihg^victory in Pakistan's first the worst at his trial.. This, in 1 turn, would probably lead to an fresi election. As a result, -"the all-out -terror campaign on the leaguis" .would have dominated part of, Bangla De'sh guerrillas '-the'/:.'national' legislature and .Were ageiinst. high Government Sheik Mujib presumably would officials;':.'".. have been named prime min- In iiei* independence. day ister. ' ••'• •-..; •' speech I'tpday, Mrs. Gandhi did Awami League Suppressed :; not mention Bangla Desh, how- But. following the . political ever, i turmoil in East Pakistan; fearlier Meanwhile, Pakistan has this year, the, •national:•army formally complained to Secre- moved into the- province on tary General .Thant of .the March 25 to suppress ;: the United Nations about his com-1 Awami League and the- separa- ments on Sheik Mujib's .trial. tist movement.- ' On Tuesday, Mr. Thant Most leaders, of the Awami warned Pakistan that the trial League 'had" sufficient warning would "inevitably have reper-, ieither to: .-go underground ior. to cussions outside the borders of move to India when the,-army Pakistan" and that the trial attacked.:' - . "is also a matter of extraord- Sheik-Mujib, however, oreporf- inary interest and concern in ledly chose" to remain/in his many quarters, from/a human- home here and surrendered, itarian as well as from a politi v : when troops arrived. He was ';. cal:point:of vievy'." f '"^V ,y- said to have been taken .to West Pakistan and -held: in mili^ lary fortresses in remote parts of the "North-West Frontier prea. Government spokesmen said Sheik"Mujib had been accused t of^high 'treason, 'ampng 'Other; ' NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, August 17'71 ,Sheik Mfijib's Illegal Trial immediately taken up by the Interna-1 tional Court of Justice at The Hague, i i To the Editor DILIP K. BASU In his-statement on'the trial of Mich;v Aug,, 10,1 8 Sheik Mujibur Rahman, the U.N. Sec- !i^.i**'.i3ii."A'S>.-,3< retary General, U Thant, notes that it is "within the competence of the judicial system: of a member state" (news story Aug. 10). While this seems, to be true technically, the trial clearly violates the Geneva Conventions qf 1949,,to which 'Pakistan-.-is a .party. "The trial is purported; to be held in camera, in 'complete secrecy, at; the Pakistani military court in Rawalpindi, and Sheik Mujib's fundamental right to choose his, own defense, lawyer has been denied. The plea, made by two British international lawyers to repre-. sent him during his trial has alsolseen rejected by the .Pakistani Government. This contravenes Article13 .of the Ge- < neva Conventions, which categorically prohibits ''the -passing of- sentences and the carrying out. of execution without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, af-; fording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized people." A juridical inter- ; pretation of this provision :wbuld put the trial of a civilian leader bjra'ihili- tary court beyond :the court's power. As late as last Dec. 9, Pakistan voted in support of the \U:N. General •Assem- bly Resolution NoV 2675 (XXV),- Much provided that- "fundamental human rights as accepted in international law and laid down 'in international instru- ments continue -to apply ;fully. in situ- ations of .arnied coriflict.'" The,' i clear violation of these two important provisions of, international law vindicates jthe position that the trial, of Sheik. Mujib is no, longer,. NEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, August 19, a Week Ago By MALCOLM W. BROWNE Two weeks ago Pakistan's and consequently a solid ^na- SpeciaJrto The New York Times President, Gen'. Agha Moham- tional majority. DACCA, Pakistan, Aug. 18—; mad Yahya Khan, announced But the Assembly was never that 79 Awami League mem- convened and, following the A Government spokesman said bers-elect of the Assembly had military occupation of East today that Sheik Mujibur Rah- been disqualified because of Pakistan beginning March 25, man, imprisoned leader of the "antistate activity" and that the Awami League was sup- Bengali separatist movement of their seats would be filled in a pressed. Pakistan, is already on trial. by-election. In a white paper published In a national election held two weeks ago, the Pakistani The spokesman, confirming last Dec. 7, the first in Paki- Government charged Awami widespread reports, said that the stan's ,- history, , the ,.. AwamiLeaguev members with killing trial of Sheik Mujib, leader of League won.; iiearly ^allfthg.-As: lOO.Opp nonVBengalis before the. the outlawed Awami League, sembly seats hv East Pakistan, military 6ccupatit>n began. - began on schedule a week ago ... -"' • " " "'• '••'• - today, recessed over the week- end and resumed this week. He did not disclose where the trial was being held. The proceedings are in secret and the Government has not said when a verdict can be ex- pected. Sheik Mujib was arrested by troops, here March 26 arid accused of treason. The main! charge on which he is being tried is "waging war against Pakistan," a capital crime. In another development, Lieut. Gen. Tikka Khan, the .military governor of East Paki- stan, has formally charged 30 rhembers-elect of the National Assembly belonging to the Awami League .with crimes tanging.from sedition ih'g .;tjj- rape-arid NEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, August 19, 1977. feast Pakistan: We Can Help — But Without By JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH of India is so cruel as to be unthink- able. ^ CAMBRIDGE, Mass.—I have been • The refugees will return only to A Total Solution, reluctant in these last months to speak a peaceful and secure country. Both to the political problems of East the overwhelming vote for autonomy However, Is Not Bengal. All of us who have served in earlier this year and the events since India are thought to be'partisans of make it certain that East Pakistan cum Within Our Grasp that country as doubtless on occasions East Bengal will only be peaceful if we, have been,, full autonomy and self-government are any pacifying army, not excluding our Like others, I have wondered if accorded to it. Continued administra- own in Vietnam, invariably acquires. .political discussion might divert at- tion from Islamabad win toe under • A military solution by India tention from the terribly urgent prob- conditions of open or suppressed revolt would further embitter relations be- lem of helping to provide sustenance and the refugees will not return. tween the two nations of the sub- for the refugees. But such is the com- • Autonomy and self-government continent. And it would be greatly ponent of disaster in our present policy are also wanted as the vote showed by disenchanting to all who, as friends that I feel.. compelled to stress a few the people who have not fled and, a of India, cherish the Gandhian dislike "of the fundamentals in this ghastly most important point, autonomy and of such measures. •..'/,.situation. . -.' - • :;. self-government of East Pakistan are -,-: In, any considerations of the Bengal essential for !West Pakistan as well. The conclusion for American policy tragedy, four, factors are controlling. By itself West Pakistan is a highly follows: I list them: : viable^ community with a higher po- It is to hope that the two great .-,«The immediate aspects of the tential for economic growth than India. Islamic communities of. the sub-con- refugee problem are urgent and grave As military rulers of the more numer- tinent can still find some relationship and every effort at alleviation must ous Bengalis 'and with the associated such as that between two parts of a be.made. But there can be no toler- expenditure it will b"e ruined. What commonwealth which will allow them able sqlution which does not allow is worse the armed forces of West to live in independent companionship. ,the,se people, to return.,to their home Pakistan and the Punjabis, Pathans But there must be full autonomy and villages andJand. That this vast num- and the other communities that com- self-government for East Bengal. Ac- ber of people—approaching in total prise them will continue to be featured cordingly no action of ours should en- the number .displaced by World War in the world press as: cruel and op- courage or seem to encourage military II—should remain indefinitely in camps pressive men. They are anything but domination of the East by the West. or in thev crowded adjacent provinces that but this is the reputation, that This means no military assistance > •..,:...• '•' . ' '''"••••' * i - i.' ''" ' -'.-.. of any kind to West, Pakistan. .And it means that even •small or symbolic assistance which, seems to suggest sup- port can :b,e as, damaging as substantial help.. The fQregping;factors also forbid 'any economic assistance so long as it .Could?serve either directly or indirect- jy -tb^pay; ,for suppression of Bengali :a|jt6n6my> or .independence. And;;::iib ':areane strategy involving the .Chinese-''.can be a justification for a different policy^ These considera- ti6ns;of;,cdur'se mean a continuation of:; art'; embargo on arms for India and ' a.clearly expressed disapproval of any possible Indian military initiative. V Withlili else, we" rhust •bVebmplete- ly generous in helping alleyiate the suffering' of '-the,; refugee?,,\ A ;j- ,;'•;_ V'{ One of the clear lessons of these last years is: that?'oui^ powder fin the ••; third'World Is limited./ It is. riot .with- in our competence -to "solye";.the(prob- lem of -.East, Bengal. :But ,it is withjn our competence to be compassionate, to urge (as evidently have the Soviets) against the use of force and above' all to stop doing the wrong thing. ^ ___^_- r' John Kenneth Galbroitfi is a former -U, THE NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, August ?1, 1971 Designates a Dowser v As Defender of Bengali Leader T3y MALCOLM W. BROWNE Special to The New Yrak Times KARACHI, Pakistan, Aug. 20 has not, been seen since by any —A leading constitutional law- foreigner or politician. It is yer was named by th& Pakistani generally believed that he will be .given the death sentence.|* Goverriment today to defend Iti Pakistan's first genera^ Sheik Mujibur Rahman, 'the election, 'Dec. 7, Sheik Mi """' imprisoned Bengali leader cur- party, the Awami League, rently on trial for treason. 167 seats in the new The Pakistani- radio an- seat National Assembly, whic^- nounced tonight that the. Gov- was to draft a constitution tOj' ernment had prevailed upon A. return the -country .to ,civilil|ijf K. Brphi to act'.as lawyer for rule, and -he presumably- wpulcCsJ SheifcviMujib, -who; is charged have been- named Prime Minis** with-"waging war-against Pak- ten Pakistan'has never had %£ ist-anjKiand that Mr. Brohi .left popularly elected governmen^i Karacilii! tonifeht fpr'.J Rawalpin- since she: became independent^ di: for- his first meeting with of Britain, along with India,, irti* hi'S;'-client. The broadcast did 1947. . ' : ^ liot.sajrj'.iyheth.er'the trial was The National Assembly was^l .being 'conducted in' Rawalpindi. never convened by Pakistanis^ ^!Tpnigh't's- announcement was President, Gen. Agha Mohaim-* the first -one since the marti-al- mad Yahya Khan, and against law-- administrator .announced a background of mounting urt-.. two weeks ago that Sheik Mu- rest in East Pakistan the army1" jib would go on trial Aug. 11, began occupying' the provincev although earlier this week a on March 25 and undertook W? Government spokesman con- crush the provincial separatist.," firmed that the trial had be- movement, with heavy loss ,§£, gun. The trial is being held in lives. •.'•"'..' . .,, ,-^u secret and its place has not The occupation followed ^2 been disclosed. breakdown of talks between^ The Pakistani radio said that General. Yahya and Sheika- thet Government had asked Mujib, who had sought a large-. Sheik Mujib to name any de- measure of autonomy for East* fense lawyer -he wanted and Pakistan, which is separated that he had presented a list of from the West by 1,000 miles three names, the.first of which of Indian territory. . _ was Mr. Brohi's. Mr. Brohi :at In another development, East. first said he was unwilling > to Pakistan's Governor, Lieu. Gen. serve because of, the pressure Tikka Khan, announced crim- of a heavy legal, practice, the inal charges against 13 more- .radio said, but finally agreed members of the now-outlawed to undertake, the defense. Awami League members elec- . Sheik Mujib--was arrested by ted to the National Assembly. East. Pakistani, .soldiers ait his This brought to 72:.the' number ihome in p.acca, the capital of now charged.'; with sfedition, jEast Pakistan,. March -26; ;ajitt murder, jape: fond WASHINGTON POST, Saturday, 28 August 19?1 1/.S. Plan to Aid '*•• By Stephen Klaidman 'strongly against aiding the crackdown of March 25 totaled that the United States has Washington Post Staff Writer Pakistani government, how- $3.6 million and that $2.6 mil- given India a $20 million de- An administration effort to ever, that unless a clear politi- lion in military equipment was still in the pipeline. velopment loan to ease the begin new economic aid pro- cal accommodation were to be burden India has had to carry grams for Pakistan appeared reached between the central He said the State Depart- to be nearer implementation government and the Bengalis, ment "was aware of a report" in caring for the nearly eight yesterday with a State Depart- the administration might not that a vessel was en route to million refugees. ment announcement that Pak- be able to fund such pro- Boston to pick up certain McCloskey also said that the istan has "been trying to de- grams. items and "it may be that first of 38 U.N. observers have! velop new criteria for devel- The United States and other some (military) things are in arrived in Dacca, the capital] opment programs." members of the World Bank train" for Pakistan. of East Pakistan, to begin ad- State Department spokes- consortium that supplies eco- He also said that as far as ministering U.N. aid. man Robert J. McCloskey nomic aid to Pakistan have could be ascertained no sur- added, "I myself and perhaps said they would not begin any plus arms from Vietnam had others have said that when new aid programs until Paki- been purchased by Pakistan, they do that the United States stan provides • a new develop- but he emphasized that non- stands ready to continue eco- ment program. lethal U.S. Army surplus nomic assistance within what- "For the future," McCloskey equipment from Vietnam was ever limits are appropriate for said, "we look forward to re- also for sale. This could in- us. The President said rough- suming our support for what clude bulldozers and other ly, that, in his last press con- was a promising development heavy construction equipment ference." effort prior to events in that could be used for either Pakistani diplomatic sources March, but that we could only leveling or rebuilding in East indicate that such a plan is ei- do so in the context of a re- Pakistan. ther near completion -or has vised national development McCloskey read a statement been completed. Maurice Wil- plan covering both East and on Pakistan addressed to sev- liams, the second-ranking offi- West Pakistan." eral points made in a speech cial in the U.S. Agency for In- McGloskey also said the con- on Thursday by Sen. Edward ternational Development, has troversy over shipments of M. Kennedy (D-Mass.). just returned from Pakistan U.S. military equipment to McCloskey emphasized the and these sources say that he Pakistan has been . exagger- U.S. contribution to relief ef- has brought an outline of the ated. He said that actual ship- forts for 'Bengali refugees in plan with him.. ments of military equipment India arid displaced persons The mood in Congress is so to Pakistan since the army in East Pakistani -.He also said . iNirt.»i^iiifeate*ma4^^ :j§*f^^"f^' ' THE \7ASHEVGTOIV POST '' "; ± ^••%~~-ss':!i?:' s rrr1r, '.Anthony Astrachan ; - It is extremely rare for the; Thant had been criticised by gaiis—have died in the rcili- based her case on an article in ment today said Miss Thor- Washington Post ForeJsn Service j Secretary General to show dis- both -sides in the Indo-Pr.ki-j tsry repression, more than The Times Aug. 1, written ner's letter was "based on £ : "UNITED NATIONS. Sept/ pleasure with a pemanent j stani quarrel that has arisen seven million have fled to from Washington and quoting • news story containing many '•'I—Secretary General U Thant miSSlCn publicly. A spokes-a^uitca-'ii-uu1 fromi Pakistax-cuuauuni Arm.-um,yy effortirix'-i i.ss tLU;o I'T ,. . -_:jt: -- — ~ ~ -— •was ."shocked" by a press re-: man's "note to correspond-''sanprescorrespond-;suppress denzsndderr.sndss off politpolitical'i Indl?" and milllons more are- only Washington informants, i inaccuracies and mistakes." Jease-from the Indian Perma-;ents" answered! the press re-;'autonom- y in Esst Pakistan, i homeless and undernourished.I It quoted one source as say- He repeated that the U.N. nentiVIission to the United Na-'tioned the U.N. staff about it.. This was his first public criti- The Indian press release re- 'ir ? that the U.N. mission to: mission to East Pakistan is "s tions- that attacked the U.N.;lease after newsmen --&r ues-' cism of either side. produced a letter signed Alice East Pakistan would "help re-'purely humanitarian'anaertat relief effort in East Pakistan,' Thant did not communicate dir a U.N. spokesman said today. rect!y with the Indian mission, m Jin The New York Tirr.es of. 1 Aug. 23. jOther informants said the mis- forestall s situation in which a | It said, "The main job for'sion would help "the Pakistani' very large number cf humar : v;hich the United Nations authorities alleviate the threat beings may perish from £sm • 2roup is being sent to East! : of starvation and disease" and ine and other causes asso ' Bengal is not to succor the vie- rehouse the homeless. dated with the dislocation o;; 1 timized Bengalis but rather to i Miss Thorner emphasized a • their country." ',' 1 bolster UD the shsky regime cuote from one official who f ! of the Pakistani generals . . . |said that the U.N. force would I Hoffman Leaving ! "If it proves able to accom- help the authorities restore j ; plish anjihing at all, the U.N. communications in East Paki-j U.N. fob in January , . mission may strengthen tern-! stati and reircbilize the prov-,' WasWneton Post Foreiirc Service • jporarily the logistical position, ince's "private fleet of 40.000 j UNITED NATIONS, Sept.! i of the Pakistan Army. In tn:s' :riverboats and 10,000 trucks.",' —Secretary General U Than' ; case, the chances for restoring She said this proved the U.N. •announced today that Paul G I peace in East Bengal will be, effort was directed against the !Hoffman would retire in .Jam | set back. No genuine relief;Bangla Desh (Bengal Nation) ary as administrator- of' tfc ' end rehabilitatian measures I guerrillas—because, she said, jU.N. Development Program. I can be undertaken until the I they have scored "notable sue-:' Rudolph A. Petsrsca," fo: I West Pakistan army with-,1 cesses" in cutting transport mer president of the Bank.-c j draws from East Bengal." lines. America, is expected to sue Miss Thorner in the letter, The U.N. spokesman's corn- :ceed Hoffman! THE NEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday 15 September 1971. , India that those who:: i^ld be rehabilitate"* and1 no. action would be taken against .. Special, to tBe New. York Tlme« • •.- them for having crossed • the KARACHir Pakistan, Sept. 14 border. >^-Dr. ; A. ,,WL .Malik,; Governor "There is no reason why the of East Pakistan, offered. today to • hjtjld talks with Indian offi? displaced-person problem can- c5als,:..pn • displaced- East\.Paki- not be solved," Dr. Malik said, stanis, in India.; ;•.;: stressing that the rehabilitation ;The: GoverXor made the offer program was "being carried out dn his .first :brO:adcast over the in full view of United Nations Pakistani .raclio -sku^e .he re- representatives." The 'Governor placed •:the^. rniiUtary' adininistra- gave a "solemn assurancejllhat- tor'searlieri.thisNmonth.' He re- no injustice would be- don,e J;o assured; all East Pakistanis in the Hindus. NEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 15 October 1971 Said to Have Received North Korean Arms By BENJAMIN WELLES 2 Gunmen Assassinate was the result of a.commercial students irivolved hi the rioting Special to The Nsw York Times sale or a governmental transac- in Ceylon were found to have WASHINGTON, Oct. 14—The Ex-East Pakistan Chief tion between Pakistan and been in Moscow and later to have gone on to North Korea." Sipsah, an 8,000-ton Pakistani Special to Tli« New York Times Communist North Korea. ship, has recently unloaded Pakistan is a member of the Other well-informed sources KARACHI, Pakistan, Oct Central Treaty Organization discounted, however, the sug- crates of North Korean small • 14-i-Abdul Monem Khan, for- with the United States and has gestion that the Soviet Union arms . and ammunition at Ka- mer Governor of East Paki- received $2-billion in" arms might have inspired the North rachi, well informed sources re- from the United States since Korean arms deal and the con- stan, died today in the Dacca sular agreement with Pakistan. ported here today. Medical College Hospital of 1954, officials said. The vessel arrived at Karachi Some officials here suggested They suggested that China gunshot wounds inflicted by that the Soviet Union, which was a more likely source of the Sept. 18 from the port of Hung- two men who visited his recently signed a treaty of rms. nam in North Korea, the sources home in Dacca, the East Paki- friendship with India, might be "The Communist Chinese said. stani capital, last night. The seeking to maintain friendly have been cozying up to the They also reported that Pak- links with Pakistan as well by North Koreans lately," one assailants, after talking with furnishing arms through North source commented. "This would istan and North Korea had him for some time, suddenly Korea. These officials stressed fit hi with China's standing pol- signed agreements for the fired and escaped. They left that the Soviet Union and icy of supplying arms to Pakis- opening of consulates in each a grenade in his house. North Korea closely co- tan — but without publicity." other's countries. North Korea Mr. Monem Khan, 72 years ordinated their activities. These sources also noted is about to open a consulate in, old, was Governor of East One official said: "Last that the Soviet Premier, Aleksei Dacca, the provincial capital of' Pakistan for more than six March, 19 students arrested by N. Kosygin, achieved a recon- East Pakistan, they said. years in the nineteen-fifties the Mexican authorities for ciliation between India and Build-ups Stir Concern during the regime of Presi- plotting against the Govern- Pakistan in 1968 at Tashkent, dent Mohammad Ayub Khan. ment admitted that they had ending the three-year Indo- Meanwhile, the State Depart- According to a Pakistani attended Patrice Lumumba Uni- Pakistani war. Since then, ment expressed concern today news agency, Mr. Monem versity in Moscow and then had they said, Moscow has virtual- over reports of increasing troop Khan was regarded as the gone on to North Korea for ly ceased direct arms shipments build-ups on both sides of the unofficial adviser of Dr. A. M. training in subversion. In April, to Pakistan. '- . Indian-Pakistani border. It said Malik, civilian Governor of that it .had been urging re- East Pakistan, and "therefore straint on both the Indian and : he might have become a tar- Pakistani Gpvernments. get" of Bengali separatists, or But Robert J. McCloskey, the State, Department spbkesman, "Indian agents" as they are denied reports from Pakistan officially described. ., that .the United States had of- fered , to mediate: -in-' the civil dian territory. East Pakistan has war between 'West and East since; been- torn by civil wai Pakistan. He said that the Unit- and:millions of refugees havt ed S_tates had' urged the Paki- crossed into India, causing seri- stani Government to seek po- ous tension between the twc litical reconciliation. - Governments,' On 'March -25, the Pakistani "The reported arms delivery army, moved' to quell'-a- move- to Pakistan was the first from / T ment for, political autonomy in North Korea that officials here E,ast Pakistan, separated ' from couldi recalLi:i;E^e^SSaJd*it--!vifaff V L the west Jby 1.00Q, pules of In- f 'shlprnerif NEW YORK TIKES, Tuesday, 19 October 1971 that tihe Americans "don't take a very long-range view." And India Restraint "Propping up the Pakistan fc^fe "fiif.! '*fv*ifiTiiv'>rut-wi*;.nj> E-tr lit" military regime in Bangla |r-"We haventieen and continue Desh," she said, "is not neces- fp be in toucji with both Gov- g by Mrs. Gandhi sarily strengthening Pakistan *^y BERNARD GWERTZMAN^ j$rnments with a view to urging NEY H. SCHANBERO iij any way." ! Special to The New York Timei restraint by Both sides in the ' Situation," hi said. "We are Special to The New Yorlt Timaj - WASHINGTON, Oct. IS—The .also in touch! with other Gov- NEW DELHI, Oct. 18 -i-Prline. United Stages expressed con-j ernments on: this matter as Minister Indira Gandhi has de- ;cern to'flay over the heightened f+r •• ' :cla'red;that the military situa- willingness to criticize'the Pak- tensions and .build-up of op- J«*anya's Proposal Underlined tion otl' the borders' between istani Government publicly. '•. posing' forces alpng the Indian- '(', Mr. Bray, indicating that the India and Pakistan' is "We have the greatest friend- Pakistani border. United States had no specific |grave." " • ' ~$eA,ner: Charles W.. Bray 3d, a State peace plan- for the area, said In an hour-long interview, the fhat "we wfculd support any Department spokesman, said! ^Measures that would have the Prime Minister added: "W£ cer- r »dater-idl*«3 that the United States was urg- effect.of reducing tensions." tainly -will do nothing to pro ing relations], so .far 8S, tjjg ing both India and :Pakistan ! The other 'officials drew atvoke an attack or to start any Indian public is concerned, is to show restraint in the situa- ' ention to the report of Presi- hostilities, but we have to bi this idea that the United States tion and was practicing "a form > ent Yahya's withdrawal pro- alive to our interests and safe- has of always balancing India : osal. . ! ; , and Pakistan." of preventive diplomacy" with ; They also hoted a statement guard our 'security;" " On American arms for Paki- other nations as well. ; i ttributed tq the Indian De- "Unfortunately," she added, stan, she said: "I don't know Among the .nations reached : ense Minister, Jagjivan Ram,"Pakistan's record has . been what the quantum is now, but by American diplomats, officials , vho said that if India were at- one of hatred and desperation in the past they have been said, were the Soviet Union, < acked, she would not withdraw supplied to Pakistan in large ; rom any Pakistani territory her The military regime has ; lei quantities. They have been France and Britain. irmy occupied. loose a war on its own people, used only against India, not at The United States Govern- | "If war IS thrust on us anbdy there is no knowing wha' all against Communism or any ment acted a day after it wasi the Pakistani military junta, it will do next." other of the things that had reported that the President ofj ur forces will march forward The Prime Minister, who wai been said to us, and which we tid occupy their cities, and had pointed out then were most Pakistan, Agha Mohammad lis time we will not withdraw interviewed in her office at tin unlikely." Yahya Khan, had proposed that - Government Secretariat, seemec r om the occupied territory "In this matter," she contin- forces be withdrawn from both |ome what, may," Mr... Ramirritated when asked about thi ued, "we certainly have had a sides of the borders between was quoted as saying. military assistance India ha far more understanding ap- ;his country and India. fj Asserting that India would been giving the Bengali insur- proach from the Soviet Union »ot pull back from the border than we have from the United According to the official As- btil the dispute in East Paki- gents in East Pakistan. States." sociated Press of Pakistan, itan had been resolved, he said, But she did not categoricall; Mrs. Gandhi talked at some President Yahya Khan offered flndia will not submit to world deny that India was helpin; length about the differences be- to pull his troops back fromj i fressure irt this regard." them. She said, instead: ''Per tween American and Russian defensive positions along the ! j Millions' bf refugees have haps you know they have man; relations with India. rossed into \ northeastern India "You see," she said, "the Unit- borders if India would with- jnd put strains on her re helpers, mostly their own peo led States seems to have * thing draw her forces and cease what ources. So far the Indian Gov- pie all over the world. Alsi 1 about the .Soviet Union, which he termed infiltration and other jrnment has refraine_d from many avenues are open 1 seems very strange to us. We hostile acts,. Pakistan has ac- jiving formal recognition to them/tShe did not elaborate. don't .support the Soviet Union 'iljKiians of/ assisting the East Pakistan secession- ? Laer in the interview, -Mr; any more than we support ists—but Prime Minister toj! America-~-qr we support both i segaratist guerrjljla? idi & bfelieved-to^be u^_, said: "Whether -thej ually, whichever way you ' i to look at it, negatively or -' " ire frd^Mnd^p4 t do so^' *'' '* Continued From Page It Col. 6 itively. t: - -,,: itJ point is that the Soviet tlnitedl Nations in the dispute. • According to the Pakistani radiOj.v President Yahya Khan proposed that United Nations observers be posted on both side's-'of the border between East Pakistan and India to su- 'Indians, and Indian. Agents pervise a mutual withdrawal of forces to an agreed distance. Termed Casualties in'East He"' had previously proposed —New Delhi Adamant such—a withdrawal to India, which rejected it. H,e s.uggested that troops and armor, be withdrawn by both By MALCOLM W. BROWNE sides to "peacetime positions," Special to Tire N«w York Times implying for the first time that KARACHI, Pakistan, Oct. 2 India and Pakistan are in a —The Government 'reported to state-..pf war. If such a with- The New YorkT.imes/Oct;25, 1°71 drawal is not possible, he night that its forces had Mile 1 Fighting was; reported by added, a withdrawal should be ; the Pakistani Government 501 "enemy troops"—definei made to positions affording se- as "Indians and Indian agents curity to both nations. near Mymensingh (1) and —in heavy fighting in Eas in the Gomilla area (2). Pakistan. 'Indians and Indian Agents' In a communique, Pakistan of. the'.Pakistani cities of La- The Government, here in said that.the latest casualties hore and §yalkot, "proving the Pakistan's western wing, use among "Indians and Indian gravity ,of-the situation." the term "Indian agents" to re agents'" numbered 438 yester- Meanwhile, ,the Government fer to all of its adversaries in day'and 63 today. The com- said ttie,-army, had beaten'back East Pakistan, including th munique did not mention Pak- an attaek by trtdiati troops and istani military casualties but guerrillas on, the Pakistani bor- Pakistanis there who have been said that Indian shelling of der post--of Kamahbur, 'in My- battling for Bengali independ seven1-. .East Pakistani villages mensingh District. ence since March with Indian had cost the lives of 67 persons. The attack was said to have support. , The,Pakistani leader's request involved two battalions, pre- |fo'r'ythe intercession of Secre-1sumably about a thousand men. U.N. Observers Suggested ftary.; General Thant was made In two successive assaults, the Today the Government saic in- a.letter he sent Thursday in Pakistani communique said, 63 some of the bodies bore identi- respb'ftse to one he had re- of the enemy were killed and fication tags of the Indian ceived-'from Mr. Thant. Indian identification cards were President Yahya Khan said found on some bodies, Army. If the casualties are in- that, an immediate visit to the Attacks of similar strength deed Indians and if the toll area of confrontaation by Mr. yestejrday were said to have even approaches the figures Thant would yield 'useful re- been' -repulsed ;by Pakistani given, that would indicate that suits.". forces • in ' the Comilla District the fighting had reached its He reiterated Pakistani of East Pakistan. charges that, border tensions India has repeatedly reject- greatest intensity since the 1 1 had been caused by Indian ag- ed''proposals to station United ; brief Indian-Pakistani conflict gressive designs and said'that Nations' observers or af, peace-; i in 1965. an Indian statement last Tues- keeping" force" along the fron- [In New Delhi, Defense Min- day had threatened the capture tiers on the Indian side.'"' ister Jagjivan Ram reiter'a/feji. that: India would not^pfcit. her troops .back ;frbm heri-bpr- ders "as long :as the Pakistani threat continues."] - / Meanwhile, •• the -Government announced that President A'gha Mohammad Yahyai Khan had isked^for ,the4intercessiori^ofi Secretary General fhatit of rtfif t" • ' «r-rcx -,-U^li^iSi. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, Saturday, 6 November 1971 Where the world can do better The problems the Indian Government take action on it late this month or early is having to face in sheltering and feed- in December. It is to be hoped the agency ing some six to eight million refugees will be set up early next year. Under the from East Pakistan are now compounded plan, stockpiles of relief materials will be by the natural disaster that hit the state located at various points around the of Orissa in recent days. world ready to be drawn upon when Latest official figures put the number needed. The agency also should be able to of dead in the Orissa cyclone and tidal collate meteorological information and wave at around 10,000, with tens of thou- give governments in disaster-prone areas sands homeless and untold damage done adequate warning of impending hurri- to crops and the rich farmland bordering canes or cyclones so that evacuation on the Bay of Bengal. measures could be taken. Unfortunately Mercifully, the Orissa catastrophe, big in the Orissa disaster no attempt was as it is, has not reached the proportions of made to evacuate the population from the the cyclone which struck further along coastal areas although several hours the shores of the bay a year ago, killing warning of the storm was given by the half a million people in East Pakistan. Calcutta weather station. But the relief problem is a huge one, One of the challenges the world faces and will put a heavy additional financial today is how to protect its peoples from burden on the Indian Government. Once natural disasters. Modern communications more it points up the need for an inter- and technological achievements should national disaster relief agency adequately make it possible to forestall the tragic equipped to rush emergency supplies to a losses in human life that so far have too stricken area without having to go often resulted from natural calamities. through slow bureaucratic channels. The UN central relief agency will be a A detailed proposal for such a central much needed step towards a wiser and agency ,is now before the United Nations more enlightened international effort in General Asseftibl.y.-, :which is expected to this field of humanitarian endeavor. ' BOSTON GLOBE, Monday, 8 November 1971 . India, she said, "have no intention" 'b'f any hotile actions against Pakistan. But India will 'defend herself against any threat to'her freedom and securiy ty, she said. : ' .•: There were reports of a new' China won't buildup of Soviet weapons iri India including ground-to-air missiles, biit Indian officials accompanying Mrs. GandMirefused to confirm them. ' be problem - '(Reutef reported that air-raid parts of New'Delhi as: civil'defense is'' : By Darius S, Jhabvala stepped: up all over India as a result : Globe Washington Bureau of the tension -with Pakistan. • (Blackout exercises - are being WASHINGTON — Indian Prime planned, and a number of civil de* 'Minister'Indira Gandhi said yester- fense control rooms will be .set up.in day it is: her "personal feeling" that N,ew -Deilhi, civil defense- officials China "may not want -to be involved said.) i'y .:. : . " . •-;" in any conflict" between India and ; -- Mrsi|. ;Ghandi; said -that -her talks : Pakistan. . . with ::i;;;Rfeiiden:t Nixon, resulted. ;."j§*: a greater., understanding" by..Jh^:: • At the isame time, she said, Indian ' Administratipft,: of;: India's • attitiidfe forces "keep a very vigilant attention, toward the crisis in.East Pakistan, v on all our frentiers" 'tajbe alert to any , -The President,, she-said, "did say anti-Indian move, by ^Chinese forces that he .is • very anxious a conflict on the northwestern and northeast- should-be.avoided'.and" others should ern sectors. ; ' .' not be involved." But, She added, "no (But according to.-.Reuter, China plans of action have been suggested to us" to reduce the threat of war. said yesterday that India; has "crude- ly interfered" in Pakistani's internet' The only solution Mrs. Ghandi affairs and pledged its resolute sujjfc' said is that "some talks should be" port for Pakistan in the event of for* held with the acknowledged leader of eign. aggression. . . ,•;.; East Pakistan, Mujibur Rahman." Mrs. Gandhi admitted that India1 (The warning came in a speech^EjC Chinese Foreign Minister Chi Peng'; supports the guerrilla movement Fed .at a state' luncheon,' in.- Pekih'gC which has been operating in East Honoring Pakistani special envoy .Mf- Bengal. Bhutto,'who arrived 'there on a sur--;'; prise visit two days ago at the head of; a civilian and military delegation.)' '•'•> } • Mrs. Gandfad,- appearing ..relaxed despite an arduous trip ':tb' Wsishang^ ';' .ton, forcefully;;. atg^ed .^hfer:,t;gbyernw • • i;im^Bs';%^^h^cy^^9w^fdiSaki^fgn^ l|§teGrTV'si:^Sfee't-tiMe;ire:ssi^'-|g l'""'"" NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 13 November 1971 ton's continued support |or tat^ . . "We are alarmed at ..the :.,-,-„; pei. Mr.; Rogers said that'"-more •up;in incidents arid -.threats'-"that; concrete results" were expect- i-afe coming from the scene and; the possiblity that irrationality ed from Mr. Nixon's trip to will catch hold," one official Moscow. said. ^The United States has Mr. 'Rogers has played an activ.g:', rple in. ...seeking an in- "every reason to be.'^pe'fiuly : 1 that the negotiations ion limi* t|rinT--settlement to the Middle tation of strategic aririsf whjeK> are scheduled to resume in Vi- Secretary.,''nSuItan1'.Mohammad j uation along her frontier'wiM enna on Monday, "will result Khan, said today that there is East Pakistan. Says U.S. Urges Restraint in a successful conclusion." Mr. a "virtual state of war" with It was understood that Pak- Rogers said that this round of India along the borders of istan was reluctant to seek in- on Both Sides and Seeks the talks would concentrate on Pakistan. tervention by the Security to 'Defuse' the Crisis limitation of offensive weapons. He said at a news conference Council out of concern that Mr. Rogers's stress on the sit- at United Nations headquarters any strongly worded resolution uation along the Indian-Paki- that only "extreme patience critical of India's attitudes By BERNARD GWERTZMAN would be vetoed by the Soviet stani border reflected the ap- 'and care" by Pakistan had kept Union. Special to The New York Times prehension throughout the in- 'this "state of war" from being WASHINGTON, Nov. 12 — "expanded." Mr. Khan said that India's telligence and foreign, .-policy Mr. Khan, who is en route to attitudes had already created a Secretary of State .William-P.; "state of war" through "war- Continued on Page 12, Column 3 Washington in a world tour in Rogers expressed the Adminis- which he has already visited like statements" by Indians in tration's growing concern- today Moscow and Peking, indicated high places and by ground mili- *-:••; • - :•• :•• •:., • . • • tary action by Indian forces, that the border clashes between Situation. 'He said thai-it: that Pakistan was not planning India and Pakistan might lead | has. become "cumbersome" to at this time to ask the Security including tanks on two occa- Council to act. sions, in East Pakistani terri- to an all-out war. conduct talks at great distances tory. Mr. Rogers, addressing a and that he thought that prog- May Appeal to Council "It is a state of war," he luncheon of the journalistic so- ress might be made if repre-j sentatives of the two sides But he said that an appeal to said, "and we pray and hope ciety, Sigma Delta Chi, said were physically near each the Council was under consid it will not be expanded in that the United States had other. eration and that "the situation scope." jis developing so rapidly" that Mr. Khan argued that a po- "urgently counseled both sides Administration officials are it was impossible for him to say litical settlement in East Paki-i to follow maximum restraint" known to be concerned over the; what action Pakistan might stan, where West Pakistani! and was "quietly trying to de- recalcitrant positions taken by Egypt and Israel, and the ap- seek. soldiers have been trying since! fuse the situation" between the parent breakdown of efforts to The Foreign Secretary said in last March to crush a separatist: two Southeast Asian neighbors. get the talks moving. response to questions that his movement, was not India's! -•"We are apprehensive that The Secretary said he ex- Government's course would be concern. He criticized India i pected relations with China to tdjete.r.mjned -,by whether India bitterly for supporting'the.-Easbj these clashes might lead to the S"jcontinul?s'.to.,esc;a:l.ate" the sit- Pakistani rebels:-'<"••• '•" .-^'f outbreak of hostilities in the progress gradually and that all that could be expected as a days ahead," he said. In an-! result of the President's visit swer to a question, after his to Peking would . be an -ex- prepared.-remarks, Mr. Rogers! change of journalists, scholars said; that the Unite.d (States, inj and scientists' and, perhaps,- a case of war, "will" do , ever j* modest beginning in trade. He indicated more optimism .thing;we can to stay out." . I about reaching agreement, or > Questioned for an Hour .'I starting talks,, on a range of East-West issues in the com- Mr. Rogers coveredVa wide] ; ing months in advance of the range of subjects in his brief Nixon trip to Moscow; . introductory speech and in ..an Hour';of answers to .questions. Virtual War, Pakistani Says He spoke before 'President .NJXr on's .White House news co~ja By TAD sztnUc : ence, at which plan's fo^ >V 'Special to The New ,Yor k Times D -NATIONS, N.^Y., ther troop cuts in''\||S ; : : ikitaB1 i Foreign! were disclosed. "i'--ii!v5; i .- .ri!iJt--.fi^ _ .- - la." T7 | .On' other issues, Mr. Rogers, Continued From Page 1, Col. 4 made the following points: • flThe United, States believes :the .tirnfe.has xome'for talks on brought oh Jby the attempt of ithe,Middle;East, fo.jbe held: with Pakistani. authorities to crush Egyptian ^hd Israeli representa- the separatist movement in East tives "in close; proximity,";. an Pakistan, may soon erupt into allusion to 'the;sorcalled "New all-out fighting: York hotel" -plan .by which Arab'-.and Israeli sides .would Border Crossings .Reported ,haye .alternate, .floors, '-with '. a ' A key State Department .of- ficial said that there "obviously mediator going back and forth. : : is a deteriorating military situa- But the Secretary.gave no' in- tion" along .the the .border, Ac- dication, of "any break-through. cording to reports, reaching ;^The : Administr.ation .has Washington,. Indian..troops haye : only ; "modest expectations"- I'crossed the East Pakistani btiir- der and have dug in in at least in one:area. . Pakstani forces have also re-i portedly crossed over to block! ~ ' " la, ' NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 21 November 1971 istun is strikingly similar to Vietnam's [ Villagers generally suffer heavy cas- East Pakistan: Mekong River delta and at least as 1 ualties wilcn the army comes, although difficult for a conventional army to they are learning tricks reminiscent cover. Americans in Vietnam offset the <>f Vietnam — hiding underwater in guerrillas' advantage to some extent the ponds while breathing through by their vast fleets of helicopters, straws, digging tunnels under hearths God Is which can land large units suddenly and so- forth. The guerrilla leaders' en fast-moving guerrilla groups. The have a confidence verging on cocki- Pakistan Army has very few helicop- ness. "Most of us are amateurs," a Not With ters and lacks the kind of water college student turned guerrilla said craft that would make up for the "But after all. guerrilla war is not lack of roads. . &o hard. Avoiding large enemy units The Big Making matters still worse, the In- rut and run, ambush and sabotage, dian Army is poised along the 1,350- rapid movements in small groups- mile border, firing several thousand all those things come naturally after shells a day into East Pakistan to a while." Battalions make sure its presence is not forgot- As ihc young fighter spoke, a come- n ten. This keeps Pakistan's forces con- • y sari-clad Bengali girl spread a ta- ' The u-riti?r of (lie following dispatch centrated on the border instead of ! blc for him and brought him a break- • returned la'it week from a (rip be- :.•'" combing the countryside for the guer- hind guerrilla hues in East Pakistan. 1 rilla enemy. jfast of chicken, rice, poached eggs, ' papaya and coffee with fresh cream. KARACHI — One of the homilies of All the while the guerrillas go on' The army, referring to the guerrillas Mao Tse-tung that should have im- cutting roads, bridges and waterways, sabotaging electricity, gas and petro-; as "Indian agents," issues communi- pressed itself on the conventional mili- ques claiming increasingly heavy enfi- leum supplies, sinking Government' tary mind during the Vietnam decade my body emails.'sometimes number- supply ships, assassinating officials,' compares guerrillas with fish swim- ing several hundred a day. These ming in a sea of the people. To the and "collaborators" and forcing thei Pakistani authorities to wall them- ' figures, like all others associated traveler in East Pakistan it is clear ; with the conflict, seem highly suspect. that "the sea" in which he is travel- selves in, both literally and psycho- logically. !' Still, the guerrillas are suffering ing belongs to tiic Mukti Bahini. the casualties. As time passes, casualties Bengali guerrillas fighting for an in- The main Government response so' far has been reprisal. At Shekharna- on both sides grow ever heavier, and dependent Bangh Desh, or Bengal Na- feelings increasingly bitter. Killing tion. gar, a village razed recently in a punitive raid by the army, I sawj by both sides seems motivated more It is also clear that the Pakistani rice and fertilizer stocks destroyed,] aiul more by \cngeance rather than Army in the Eastern province is being fruit trees burned, religious shrines tactics. However matters turn out. led by officers who have learned smashed and even the local school; this is not a war in which the losers nothing from Vietnam. Perhaps politi- 11 gutted. j can expect much mercy. cal warfare is just too difficult and —MALCOLM BROWNE untidy for the world's regular mili- '" tary, v.-lio prefer to believe that poli- f tics is bun!- and God is with the big battalions. In East. Pakistan the big battalions arc fighting a desperate battle of survival. Even in the cities, the for- eigner quickly realizes that the Mukti are- everywhere — in hotels, banks, shops, foreign consulates and business- es, and even in the Government of- fices. There is an overwhelming im- pression in the cities and the ham- lets of East Pakistan that .the Bengali people want independence and are pre- pared to fight the Pakistan Army to the death for it. Statistically, the army is woefully outnumbered. East Pakistan has a pop- ulation b'f some 0:1 million, excluding the 9 million or so refugees report- ed to have fled to India. The Mukti Bahini claim to have roughly 100,- 000 fighters, and they are getting sub- stantial help from India. Facing the guerrillas is a Pakistani force of about 70,000 .regular troops, 30,000 or 40.- .000 badly trained and ill-equipped uilitiamen and a few thousand po- 1,'cemen imported from West Pakistan. The watery countryside of East Pak-1 NEW YORK TIKES, Friday, 26 November 1971 •because of "it 'diplomats seem to rshare.' the* Some Indians Expecting Indian sources' view that Paki-| stair may opt for full-scale war Yahya Will React by as the only face-saving way out of, an apparently desperate Declaring War situation. ;. : '"A lot - of people on both By SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG sides — Pakistan';' and 'India —think something big is -going Special to The Nt-w York Times to happen in the: next five or CALCUTTA, India, Nov. 25— six days," one diplomat; said. There were few clear elements Some observers think that today in the murky situation India may be trying 40 provoke Pakistan into declaring war as surrounding the crisis on the a'way to solve the Indian pre- Indian subcontinent, where a dicament. A successful war — ]major Indian-supported offen- instead of the military Activity sive by Bengali insurgents short of war that India has against the Pakistani Army has been conducting until nqw — been under way in East Pakis- could achieve more. quickly and legitimately the : -In'dian >obje tan since last weekend. tive: a. '"; Foreign newsmen are barred by India from the border areas iwhere fighting has been going i East Pakistan to which most wans [soldiers] and the pilots Mukti Bahini were doing mbs 'on and it is virtually impossible of the refugees would return that Yahya Khan would pro on the front-line combat, wit •'. India's Defense Minister, Jag vide them the opportunity," he the Indians., providing .artillerj •to assess the expectations of jivan Ram, addressing a huge 1 jlndian sources who feel that the said. and other support. public rally in Hariana State Most Indian officials think Indian officials in Calcutt Pakistani troops are being hurt in northern India, said today that if Pakistan does declare today seemed to be playing u so badly that President Agha that the battle on Sunday, in war, the major attack will come a border incident early .thi Mohammad Yahya Khan will which Indian forces crossed from West Pakistan, possibly in morning in which, they say, thi have to react soon with a dec- into East Pakistan to repulse an attempt to seize part oolf Pakistanis shelled the town o laration of war. what they said was a Pakistani Kashmir—over which the two Balurghat in the northern part tank attack, was a "sufficient countries have fought twice be- of West, Bengal State. 'Something Big' Expected warning" to the Pakistanis that fore—in1 retribution for the loss The officials called it "a pre if war comes, "the battles will of East Pakistan. meditated, unprovoked attacl Partly because of President fie fought only on their terri- Although reports on the on a sleeping town where there Yahya's declaration of nation- tory and not on Indian soil— fighting remained sketchy to- s no military target" and saic al emergency two days ago, in their towns, streets and day, information from reliable :t was "a very, very seriou these sources do not now think houses." sources indicated that battles provocation." his reaction will be a meek with- The Defense Minister said were going on in many sectors Some observers thought tha that anybody who attacked In- of East Pakistan and that the :he extreme Indian reactipn to drawal from East Pakistan, | dia "would be taught a lesson Mukti Bahini (Liberation this incident, which was n( where his occupation army of they will remember till dooms- Forces, or the Bengali insur- more serious than dozens lik< West Pakistani troops has been day," and that the Indian armed gents -fighting for; independ- t in recent weeks, might be trying unsuccessfully since last1 'orces were waiting for a ence) were steadily seizing new move to lay the groundwork foi March to crush the Bengaliu.i- I chance to teach that lesson, territory. a heavy retaliatory attack some depcjulence movement. | i "I have always told the Ja- These sources said that the where against the Pakistanis. Millions of East Pakistani refugees have fled to India, engendering political and eco- nomic pressures that have threatened the stability of the country. Despite the lack of solid re- ports from the battlefrents In East Pakistan — or perhaps NEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 26 November 1971 Pakistan Says Fighting New '--Delhi. INDIA \ On Indian Border Eases Area of detail 1 Concilia, where major fighting No Clash of Any Size jwas reported oh.Tuesday.... , Additional sources of ;man- in the Last 24 Hoars, ower would , -have to be .obilized to cope with the General Reports ,„ Srder threat .and , the ; pos- sibility of renewed attacks by By JAMES P. STERBA Indian troops, the genera] said. ...',. .. Spetlal to The r.cw Yoik Tlmej "There will be additional DACCA, Pakistan, Nov. 25— troops," * he added, implying Only scattered shelling and that more Pakistani soldiers harassing attacks were report- ,wp,uld be airlifted in frbrh 'the ed today along the East Pakis- western wing of .the country. There are , now, an estimated tan border, where Indian and 80,000 West Pakistani soldiers Pakistani soldiers fought major in. East, .Pakistan. . clashes in the last several ''General Farman said^ that days, according to a senior the attacks .had been, made by Pakistani military commander. a J'tnixed force" of Indian .sol- diers and ' Mukti Bahini ,(& The commander, Maj. Gen. eration Forces,-or Bengaljfiin- Rao Farman Ali Khan, adviser surgents) trained and allied The New York Times/Mov. 26,1971 to the Governor of East Pakis- on Indian territory. !f Pakistan says that Indian troops have been driven back tan, said in an interview that "They come in and take'the near Jessore'(I), near Comilla (2) and.east of Sylhet (3). territorySand turn it over-, to field reports indicated that the Mukti," he said. "That's conditions were returning to why it's so easy for us to take but the situation created by to produce eventually 4,000 their normal tenseness along it back. The Indians try to 'get Indian, aggression is leading the tons of steel ingots and 45,000 the border with no new clashes out before we counterattack two countries, to the point of tons of iron castings a year. of any size reported in the last and so it is a sheer massacre no return," said -President China has built armament 24 hours. of the Mukti Bahini, I think.' Y.ahya. "I would like to make factories in both East and West "Yesterday reporters were it absolutely clear that we shall Pakistan and the Chinese ver- "The situation now is much flown by helicopter to Comilla. defend Our honor and our sion o'f the Soviet Union's AK-47 calmer," the general said. "On They were shown seven bodies territorial integrity with all the assault rifle as manufactured Sunday, when the attacks came, identified as those of Indian forces at our command." i in Pakistan is a basitr infaritry soldiers. They were told dozens The Taxila plant is scheduled weapon of Pakistan's annjitijiio it looked as if the war had more lay on a battlefield sev- started, but it was not so." eral hundred yards from jEhe border' where, the Pakistani Indians Reported Repulsed Army said, an Indian battalion Since then, the general said, had been Wiped out two • days the Indians have attacked Inn before. : '•• .'• brigade and battalion strength! at three points across the bor- der but had been driven back. No fresh fighting had been re- ported near Jessore where, the —President Agha general said, Indian troops and Yahya Khan inaugural East Pakistani guerrillas con- Chinese-built heavy-machinery trol Pakistani territory—8,000 plant here today with a ; re- yards inside the border. newed warning of the danger of full war, between Pakistan He ssdd that Indian troops and India. had been pushed back across In .response, the head of* a 7: the border east of Sylhet and large: 0Chinese delegation -at- :*|held only a small slice of Pakis- tending the ceremony reiterated China'§, general backing fbf tan on low ground east of PaKi'staij--. 0?$. Says Bid to V.Nohndia And Pakistanis Only Possibility By BENJAMIN WELLES ''-Special to The'NtwYork Times . WASHINGTON; • -Nov. 26—;Yahya, Khan, gf Pakistan to TBe State Dfepartriient iaid'to- Eree_ from imprisonment Sheik i ^ fthat iah ' ap'peal' ' Ho ^ ' Mujibur Rahrnan,' leader of the } Uijltefi Nations-security' 'l IbaShed •'Awami-0 League. The 'ptily-":6iie f- of' : several Awami League spearheaded the methods- that i'might be'a'dopted movement,for autonomy, and by stile- -United^ States in aii-;ef- later "independence, for. East fort:to 'halt hostilities between Pakistan. . Indian^ .and '.. Pakistani forces. Qualified sources reiterated, aGharles; W. Bray 3d, the' State nonetheless, that an appeal to Department spokesman •'• who' President Yahya had been ac- made: sthe statertierit, , appeared tively discussed recently be- tobitecretreating'vslightly from tween 'senior officials of the comments' made^at the Western Nixon Administration and Unit- Whiter "House •:. yesterday - byed Nations personnel.. Ronald L. Ziegler, the White Mr. Bray further denied sug- HoHserrpress -secretary. gestions made • in a letter to Mr. Ziegler told newsmen in The T-!e'.v York Times and pub- response; tg questions that, the ishe1 Nov.'.3 in which Benja- possibility, of taking the. Indian- min' ':. Oehlert Jr., former Unit- Pakistani dispute to the Ser ed States Ambassador to Pak- cunty Gouncil was "under con- istan, . asserted that -the United sideration"'; by 'the Nixon' Ad'^ Str.';ss is bound by a long- ministration:' ' ;-•' " standing bilateral agreement to ';An app'eal 1 to,- the.. . U.N: isav;- 'Pakistan with men and only..pne ofmany alter-natives ar.-iis in case of attack on her open;". . by any other country. . Mr. Biay also "categorical- -There are no secret com- ly"1' "denied a report in .the :: /..merits binding the U. S'. with New York Times Thursday : :pect to Pakistan, as. for- that' ' President'. .'Nixon was :r Ambassador .Oehlert; sug fweighinweignmg a personal appeal tc - ^re~,"edd in hiniss letter to Thmee cse\7 President Agha ^ Mohammad 17ork Times," 1/tr Bray said " ,.f> NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 2? November 1971 > ' T?-T.-W"^P**lwV'7Jr T^g>lfT-'*g.l«J .' ,Bcn?»ii'rm» j. T .L rcjrtf ora-j^o// "*-;S1aU"Tim^ f ' e to Intervene***'5*5., ^TI ; In spite of a. series of sharp border^ clashes* during which' Indian- troops have grossed into the rebellious Pakistani islate of -East1 Bengal1 in "self-defense," India and'Pakistan "so far have held back;-from^all-out war. International diplomacy still has 'a' ch'anCe to intervene for peace on the subcontinenj:. India appears to be following a policy of gradually increasing military'pressure against the Pakistanis, leav- ing the bulk of the fighting inside East Pakistan for the present to the Indian-supported Mukti Bahini, the "Liber- ation Forces" of "Bangla Desh." The Indians may hope that these tactics will enable the East Bengalis to win independence, or at least a satisfactory measure of autonomy that would allow the early return of1 nine-, million refugees from India without precipitating a major Indian-Pakistani conflict. This is an unlikely prospect. Although Palustan is heavily out-manned and out-gunned by the Indians, it is improbable that the military regime in Islamabad will relinquish its grip on the eastern region without forcing at least a token showdown with India. Pakistani counter- . attacks against India, probably in the west, are an immi- nent possibility unless there is swift intervention by the international community; The White House is, reported considering a request to the Security Council to take up the dispute. Such action is urgently needed. It vrould: represent a*welcome shift in i policy that might ;yet help savfe- the sub- iotal war. • '' ^ '••• '• v • •" ' ; inPleato India,Pakistan and Soviet ', By TERENCE SMITH M(>;nff(> The messages to India and process and reflected "our very Her remarks were directed Pakistan, a reliable source re-jdeep concern about the situa-jin particular at the resolution ported, called for a military de- tion in South Asia." by Belgium calling for a meet- escalation and withdrawal, of Speaking privately, United ing of the Security Council on forces from border areas. States officials said that the the "threat to international The note to Moscow report- military situation along the peace" on the subcontinent. edly asked the Soviet Govern- border had deteriorated in the India opposes the move on the ground that the dispute is ment to continue to use its last few days. They said that 1 influence with India, with despite the Presidential mes- not between Pakistan and In- which it recently concluded a sages, the possibility"of an all- dia, but between the 'Pakistan friendship treaty, to prevent out war between the'two' na- Government and the people of the outbreak of full-scale war. tions could not be ruled out. East Pakistan. The Indians say A State Department 'official The officials said they had that the Soviet Union, their said the notes were sent Satur- no way to confirm specific re- closest ally, will block any at- day and delivered today by the ports of casualties, but that tempt at United Nations inter- American ambassadors in the both sides had suffered losses jvention. three capitals. In New Delhi, in a series of sporadic engage- At 'a briefing tonight, the Ambassador Kenneth B. Keat-jments along the" East Pakistani- spokesman said there was ing delivered the President's]Indian border. They said they "some hesitation amongst the message personally to Prime assumed that the casualties ] friends of Pakistan to carry the Minister Indira Gandhi at a 30-i been "in the hundreds, but not matter forward before the Se- ^inute meeting. thousands" of men. curity Council." He declined to Joseph S. Farland, the Am- Mr. Nixon's weekend mes- identify these "friends." China bassador in Islamabad, also con- sage to Pakistan is the latest has been Pakistan's closest sup- veyed Mr. Nixon's message .di- in a series of Administration porter in the dispute, but the rectly to the' Pakistani Presi- efforts to persuade the Gov- Indians consider the United ernment of President Yahya States and Britain to be partial dent, Agha Mohammad Yahya to Pakistan as well. Khan. In Moscow, Ambassador Khan to take deliberate steps Jacob D. Beam handed the note to defuse'the crisis. The note |to the Soviet Foreign Minister, reportedly reiterated the United Jurists Ask Data on Mujib IjAh'drei A. Gromyko. States view that the Pakistani Special to The New York Times Government ultimately will have GENEVA, Nov. 29—The In- Delivery Confirmed to reach some sort of political iternational Commission of Jur- Charles W. Bray 3d, the State accommodation with the Ben- ists denounced today what it Department spokesman, con- gali independence movement. termed the "complete shroud firmed the delivery of the mes- United States officials also of secrecy" surrounding the sages and said that the. United have been in touch with the fate of Sheik Mujibur Rahman, States intended to continue to leaders of the Bengali rebels the East Pakistani leader, since pursue its private efforts to recently in India in an effort to the announcement in August avert an all-out war. He indi- explore their views on a pos- that he was being tried by a cated that the United States sible political settlement. The special military , court. The would not take the issue to the Bengali attitude was said .to Geneva-based private group United Nations Security Coun- have "hardened" as a result of called on the Pakistani Govern- cil at this time. the increased support the rebels ment to publishidetails, abput|j "Our belief, as of this mo- have received from India in re- the trial. ._.,:-.,._...... is,thatx:quiet..diplomacy cent weeks. .Because of this, United States officials said they regarded the chance of an immediate com-1 promise-between the rebels and| the Yah'ya'Khan Government as "slight." "No Reaction So Far" 1 Special;to The New York Time» CALCUTTA, India,. Nov. 29— An Indian spokesman said to- day that there had been "no 'reaction so "far" to President Nixon's message. But he added that Prime: Minister Indira ,Gandhi's statement in a speech in Rajasthan state ' yesterday "should be a good indication to all of us." In that speech Mrs. Gandhi MEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 28 November 1971 Dramatic Indian Move Rumored iK Calcutta Insurgents' Cabinet recognition to the Bangla Desh Clashes Continuing by a gun camera and to show governmentrrj-njav*Tirria«f , sigci an a* i defensHflrori erea i ° a Pakistani F-86 jet shooting Reportedly Called [treaty with it and then provide in Five Sectors down an Indian Gnat jet. it with full military support to In other developments, thej Pakistan Says Government announced food ra- to New Delhi oust the Pakistani army from tioning in West Pakistan's Sind| East Pakistan. Province, including the city ofi A ther mor that Presi BJy SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG L "° ™ « - By MALCOLM W. BROWNE Karachi, and Indians High Com-; i dent Nixon has sent special rep- missioner (ambassador) met speciai to The New Yon, Times ] resentatives to both Islamabad Special to The ffew York Times with Pakistan's Foreign Secre- CALCUTTA, India, Nov. 27—|and New Delhi in a last-minute RAWALPINDI, Pakistan, Nov. tary. While fighting goes on inside,effort to prevent another India- 27— Fighting between Indian Details of the Indian-Pakl East Pakistan between the!pakistan war- and Pakistani forces in East stani discussions in Rawalpindi Pakistan Army and the Indian-! Kissinger Trip Recalled Pakistan is continuing on five were not disclosed, but were fronts a militarv understood to have involved supported Bengali insurgents,! American diplomats here sayl ' spokesman proposed repatriation of some rumors of dramatic things they know nothing of such a said here today. However, he Pakistani and Indian nationals, about to happen fly about this move, but recalling Henry A. said, there have been no sig- among other things. city, where the insurgent gov- Kissinger's secret visit to Peking nificant losses on either side No Progress in New Delhi ernment has its headquarters. for Mr. Nixon, no one is inclined during the last day. The atmosphere of expect- to discount the possibility. His statement contrasted with A spokesman here said that ancy has been enhanced by the It is considered quite pos- that given at a news conference another meeting, in New Delhi shroud of secrecy that has sible that Mrs. Gandhi called today by Pakistan's commander between the Pakistani High descended on official 'circles. the Bangla Desh cabinet to New in East Pakistan, Lieut. Gen. Commissioner and the Indian Key sources have turned tight-" Delhi simply to inform them of A. A. K. Niazi. He said that as Government, had produced no lipped, offering only suggestions her plans, which may not in- far as he was concerned "total progress. to "wait a few days." clude immediate diplomatic rec- war is on." A military spokesman said What has most fueled this ognition Pakistan asserts that during Indian forces still held territory atmosphere is tliat the Cabinet Mrs. Gandhi is coming to the last seven days of • an al- in East Pakistan about three of the insurgent Bangla Desh Calcutta on Dec. 4 to make aleged Indian general offensive, by five miles in area, including (Bengal Nation) government speech, the nature of which is 1,000 Indians and 30 Pakistanis the border town of Chuagacha has dropped out of sight— unknown, on the parade ground have been killed. Asked how in the Jessore District and the "gone underground," as Bangla in the heart of the city. the casualties could be so lop- border outpost of Atgram in Desh sources put it. Some observers expect a dra- sided, the Pakistani spokesman the Sylhet District. Unconfirmed but widely be- matic announcement, but the said, "We are the defenders." He said extensive Indian re- lieved reports mdicate that the others note that Mrs. Gandhi connaissance indicated that a Cabinet flew to New Delhi on does not usually announce ma- Indian Tanks Reported Lost major Indian offensive was im-, Tuesday in a special plane jor decisions in public speeches. He said that four more In- minent. to confer with the Indian dian tanks were destroyed yes- An Indian attack supported Government. Mrs. Gandhi Visits Border terday but that none had been by artillery and two planes on One rumor is that Prime Min- recovered by Pakistani forces. Hilli in the Dinajpur District, ister Indira Gandhi called them NEW DELHI, Nov. 27 (Reu- yesterday was beaten off, the ters)—Prime Minister Gandhi Spokesmen today provided 1 to the capital to -tell them that Hew today to Rajasthan to ad- the first photographs of fight- spokesman said. He said the 1 ing yet shown to newsmen Indian unit involved, the 165th and villagers near 1 Hhe border with West Pakistan. here. The indistinct photographs Mountain;-rBrigadel,., .«tffered J.50; Tomorrow she will visit bor- were said to have been taken der areas in the Punjab, where Indian troops have been massed on the West Pakistan border for more than a month. Later pact. week, she, is expectedr.to, "sit; Assam ;:arid "-Vother.•; areas NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 29 November 1971 fry -who war in 10 days," said a third. in "Well, we're ready to crush him iU"ji. ihc Ui~unce of the in 10 minutes." intrusions. A spokesman in 50,000: ' "> --a The applause was infrequent New Delhi last week said of the and muted. 'When the Pakistanis started Boyra intrusion: "I can't say Defense Minister Ram, though creating trouble on the borders, the length. It is only a short somewhat less flamboyant than I told my generals to take distance." Colonel Proudfoot the local politicians who spoke, action. When it became worse, said it was three miles. Inde- was nevertheless blunt. pendent sources I told them to cross the borders said it was "Even today, I don't want a much deeper. war," he said, "but if the to silence the guns. Now they've The Indians have announced Pakistanis create trouble, we'll been told thai; if it becomes only three border crossings, but fight a war on Pakistani soil, Permits Troops to Go In as necessary, they can advance as authoritative _spurces_ have re- not On India's. I don't want to many miles into Pakistani terri- ported many more, and there is destroy Pakistan, but I want to evidence that some Indian Far as Distance Covered tory as the range of the Paki- teach them a lesson." He went troops have remained inside on: by Guns Firing at Them stani guns." East Pakistan, although the In- "All three armed forces—the Most of those guns are me- dians deny this. army, navy and air force—are dium artillery pieces, such as Of the three acknowledged impatient to do something. I intrusions, one was at Boyra, KEY TARGETS INVOLVED 105-mm. howitzers, which have have come to assure you, on a range of up to nine miles. But about 60 miles northeast of behalf of our soldiers on the Calcutta, and two at Balurghat, borders, that you have nothing the Pakistanis are believed to 125 miles further north. to fear." Pakistan Radio Says Enemy have some long-range pieces as The latest one, at Balurghat, well, such as 175-mm. guns, was announced by the Govern- Indian Offensive Reported Has Launched 2-Division which can fire shells more than ment today in a statement dis- tributed to the press. It said: RAWALPINDI, Pakistan, Nov. Attack in 3 Districts 15 miles. "Indian troops were com- 28 (Reuters)—The Pakistani ra- Confusion About Crossings pelled to take fresh defensive dio said today that India had launched a large-scale new of- Many important military ob- action in the Balurghat-Hilh area yesterday following re- fensive against East Pakistan, By SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG jectives in East Pakistan fall newed Pakistani shelling. Ac- using two divisions, three ar- Special to The New York Tlmtj within these limits. Comilla is cording to the latest reports, mored regiments and several CALCUTTA, India, Nov. 28— only five miles from the Indian the fighting is still going on. artillery units. Foreign Minister Jagjivan Ram border and the army canton- So far, three Pakistani tanks It said that the Indian air said today that Indian troops ment outside the city is only have been destroyed in this force had supported one of the had been given permission to encounter. Further details are attacks. It said they took place 15 miles away. Jessore and its 'awaited." in the widely separated Syihet, move as deep into Pakistan as cantonment are 15 miles from At the Calcutta rally this Dinajpur and Jessore districts. the range of the Pakistani guns the border, Syihet 19 miles, and afternoon, organized by the Reports of heavy fighting in shelling them. Dinajpur about 9 miles. governing New Congress party the three areas were still com- It was not clear whether this If the Pakistanis fired on the and held at Deshbandhu Park, ing in to Dacca, the East Paki- was a real distance limit or Indian border from these posi- the mood on the speakers plat- stan capital, the radio stated. just a publicly stated policy form was hawkish. It said the offensive in the tions, according to the policy "We will make shoes out of north against Dinajpur was designed to disguise a much stated by Mr. Ram today, In- Yahya's skin," said one speaker, supported by an armored regi- deeper Indian involvement in dian troops could move on in a reference to the Pakistani ment equipped with the latest Pakistan. But under Mr. Ram's them. President, Agha Mohammad Soviet tanks, while in the west, rule Indian forces could attack The Indian Government con- Yahya Khan. near Jessore, a squadron of In- some key Pakistani strongholds. tinues to insist that -itsi . troops "India will break Pakistan to dian tanks was in action. pieces," said another. "Heavy fighting is continu-i [The Pakistan radio said are crossing the /border only "Yahya says he may go ,u ing," the radio said. India had launched a new "in self-defense.." Butithek has offensive against East Pak- been some confusiph-about this. istan, using two divisions, At a briefing for- newsmen three armored regiments, ar- yesterday at Boyrai ' near the tillery units and air sup- scene of an Indian border cross- • port according to a Reuters sing and tank battle, Col. Clar- .dispatch. The broadcast said ence L. Proudfoot of army in- ;the attacks took place in.- telligence said: "I want to say, I 'want to stress, that our troops the widely separated Syihet, 1 Dmajpur and Jessore dis- went in .because the Mukti Ba- tricts ] hini (Liberation Forces) called for help. They said they were He Outlines Sequence in mortal danger, because Pak- i Mr Ram, speaking at a kistams were moving ahead cutta political rally that ra through tlieir territory." with cries for Pakistan's defe fiave:not'been also said that the Indian-si ported Bengal; insurgents "are advancing against Pakistani troops in such, a way that I have no doubt Hint" the freedom Nation] matter NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 30 November 1971 Indians List Casualties (day, bringing to 19 tlio number!;licited statement, said that Pak- The Indian spokesman said ithe Indians say they have de-llistan's recent behavior indicat- that in the continuing battle, jstroyed or captured in thej ed that the efforts "by other being fought about 185 miles [three "self-defense" intrusions countries" to persuade President north of Calcutta, 80 Paki- into East Pakistan that they Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan stani and 15 Indians had been have acknowledged. The first of these border crossings oc- to reach a political settlement (killed or wounded. with the elected leaders of East • The Indians say that in a curred eight days ago atBoyra, about 60 miles northeast of Pakistan "have obviously | briefer battle near Hilli last Calcutta. The other two have failed." week, the casualty toll was been in the Balurghat-Hilli area. "He has only been trying to 80 Pakistanis and 20 Indians. Asked how far inside East make us move our troops back The town of Hilli, whose Pakistan the latest battle was from the borders to allow him New Delhi Reports Pakistan 30,000 inhabitants have re- taking place, the Indian spokes- man first said "a few miles," to carry on his devastation of Mounts Counterattack— portedly fled to safer areas, then quickly amended it to Bangla Desh [Bengal Nation] straddles the border, three- "two or three miles." even more freely than he has Nixon Sends Appeal quarters in India's West Until last week, the Indian so far," the spokesman said. Bengal state and one-quarter Government had denied that its The Pakistani army has been in East Pakistan. The area's troops were crossing into East trying since March to crush,the Bengali autonomy ;mqyemenj in i By SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG strategic importance lies not Pakistan to engage the Paki- Special to The New York Times stanis, although independent in the town but in its railway NEW DELHI, Nov. 29—In- sources had confirmed several depot, which is a few miles such intrusions. dian officials said tonight that inside East Pakistan. This rail- On Wednesday, the Govern- servers say the army has'killed the battle between Indian and head is the main communica- ment acknowledged the Boyra tens of thousands of civilians. Pakistani forces in the strategic tions link between the north- border-crossing and said that Hilli area of East Pakistan is Indian troops had new orders Yahya Seeks U. N. Observers west corner of East Pakistan under which they could cross now in its- third day and "is 'and the -city of Jessore, a key KARACHI, Pakistan, Tuesday, still going oh"—-making it; the Nov. 30 (Agence France-Presse) longest clash; so fair 'in'" the; grow- Eakistamrheld military base 1 — President Yahya Khan vof ing military ;C'risis on the' sj; - about 1501 .miles: to the south. Pakistan has proposed to Sec- continent. The Jessore area has been retary General Thant that the At a briefing here tonight, under attack for several days j United Nations station obselv- an Indian spokesman said by the Bengali insurgents, who ers on the Pakistani side of 'the are fighting, with Indian sup- that Pakistani forces mount- India-Pakistan border to report ed a counterattack yesterday iport, for the independence of (East Pakistan. i on border violations, the against Indian troops who had i Should the Pakistanis lose' Pakistan radio said last night. taken "defensive action" Sat-j the Hilli railhead, their troops i Last month Pakistan suggest- urday and entered East Pakis- |in the region would be unable! ed that United Nations observ- to draw on Jessore for rein- ers be posted on both sides; of tan to try to stop Pakistani the border to supervise A mu- shelling of the Indian border forcements and supplies, and it! is possible that the entire north- tual withdrawal of forces. This town of Balurghat, not far west section, making up the| •proposal was rejected by Tndia. from Hilli. Dinajpur and Rangpur Dis- [Pakistan has proposed to tricts, would fall to the in- surgents. These districts repre- Secretary General Thant that The Hew York Times/Nov. iO, 1971 sent about one-tenth of all United .Nations.observers be East Pakistan, which perhaps stationed .on ,the 'Pakistani explains why the Pakistanis aref the border "in self-defense" .side of • the India-Pakistan fighting so hard to hold the situations. border to report on border railhead. Yesterday, in a speech in The Indian, sppkesrnan at thg Calcutta, Defense Minister Jag- violations. Page 5.] jiyan Rarn said that the troops . [In Washington, the State... Department said that Presi-jj dent Nixon had sent message.^ now hadxjE)erinission:.to move as to:India, Pakistan 'and&sthBri deep'intb;;East:Pakistan as the Soviet Union urging an^emife range'bf the Pakistani guns fir-, ing on them. This could,be as' to the fighting.; Deputy; fFeT" deep as 15 to 20 miles if the [; -rater-.-: Li Hsien-'nien of. China':' guns were long-range artillery, which would bring some' key i'trjned Peking's; support.; for Pakistani strongholds within - Pakistan; in;:a': stajtementmaide;; the reach of Indian attacks. Today the briefing spokes- 'u^v the- phi-;. man elaborated * on conditions that warranted "self-defense" retaliation. Indian troops would been killed:; 'aind/;'60 seriously cross the border, he said, yquhded>by 'the-shelling .of Ba- "whenever the life or property b'iWM.v'^lSlW Ji^;-.'»'J l'M^y* -;'."-- IV-"- of our citizens or troops are in E^-,.^. - —gi.jpoindjan re* danger or the integrity of our yi .sift 'ip tarn borders is threatened." He said the troops would stay in Paki- stani territory until the threat nasrlheea removed. iokesman, in an unsq- NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 30 November 1971 Chitia Condemns the Incursions by India perialism," the phrase the Chi- entry into the United Nations; By TILLMAN DURDIN 1 Specj nese use to designate the Soviet as a sign of the revolutionary ' 29 — Li Government. trend of history and said that Hsien-ni^n, a. Chinese 'Deputy Asserting that "the Chinese his country would never disap- Premiers condemned India today Government and people are point "the hopes placed in us for incursions into East Paki- by Albania, by all friendly stan and reaffirmed support for greatly concerned over the the Pakistanis in their dispute present Indo-Pakistan situa- countries and by the people of •with ilndia over the East Ben- tion," Mr. Li said: ''We main- the world." gali independence movement. tain that disputes between China and Albania, he added,a Mr. Li urged that India give states should be settled by the will "make joint efforts fo| "serious consideration" to the two parties concerned through safeguarding, the national inde^l recent' proposal by Pakistan's peaceful consultation and abso- pendence and state sovereignty President, . Gen. .Agha Moham- lutely not by resorting to of all countries and supporting mad Yahya- Khan^rejected by force." .. . and assisting the revolutionary India —tha t the armed forces of In an obvious allusion to. the; stnigglesvarid pb^atipn "causes, India and Pakistan withdraw Indian incursions, he'added: "It of .the peoplesyof th^w,priav" from the border of East Paki- is all the more impermissible J6r; stan. , ' 'a.- . , '•••• a• .cpuntry, under any^retext,! The Deputy Prfemier made to 'employ large huriil>ei:s ipj Peking's first public statement armed troops to willful^erass ojplj, the situktipn ..since - sharp its" own border arid invkde'yincl fighting between .. Indian arid occupy another country's terri- Pkjkistani troops i began last tory." . ": •; ' ' .- ;•' wteek. He spoke at at reception "The Chinese Government hflii in Peking by the Albanian and people,"'he said, . "rfesb- Afifbasador, Xhorxhi 1 Rpbo, : tolutely support , the Pakistan mp-k the 27th : anniversary 'of Government and people in their Communist rule in Albania. just .struggle against foreign :|&sinhua, ;the Chinese 'press aggression and in defenseTvOf agency, extracted the section of their state sovereignty and/fria- hi^ remarks dealing with India tlpnal independence:" !£ aM Pakistan and dispatched it He ended his statement -by to IBmg Kong, as a separate urging India, without using-' her item "In .the EnglM-ldng'tfage name, to .^accept; the Pakistani service. ? proposal for-mutual trbbp with- drawals. •".. . ; .;. .;' Appeals By XMher Leaders Mr. Li's, statement1 :on; the j>;-Mr. Li's statement came at a Pakistani situation came at the time. when President Nixon and end of a long, speech of praise qjher leaders were appealing to for Albania and expressions of Mdia and Pakistan to restrain thanks for her prominent role the advance toward large-scale in promoting a resolution in the warfare along the borders of United Nations General Assem- East Pakistan. bly that brought the Chinese <=?He charged India with "car- Communists into the world rying out subversive activities body Albania was'lauded for ah'd military provocations Waging "tit-for-tat struggle's afgainst East Pakistan'' and against IT S imperialism and said her actions were supported social-imperialism " encouraged ft MP Li de^cnbed Peking's YORK TIMES, Thursday, 2 December 1971 ^victim-;bf the rapidly expanding war between India and Pakistan may'yet be the United Nations'and the principle of international cooperation for peace which it 'embodies. Although the threat posed by the Pakistani repression in East Bengal and the consequent flood of refugees into India has long been apparent, and has long since become manifest in direct combat between Indian and Pakistani forces, the world organization has made no move to inter- vene. It has been immobilized by refusal of the principal- ly interested parties, including the major powers, to face up to their charter obligations to confront the issues forthrightly in the Security Council. The most disturbing delinquency is that of India, which on the one hand argues that the repression in East Pakis- tan "is a threat to our security," as Prime Minister Indira Gandhi has declared, and oh the other •hand insists that the problems of Pakistan are strictly an internal ' Pakistani' affair, not subject to United Nations interven- ^tiqh/The Indians can't have it both ways. |?|?If; the events inside Pakistan since last March indeed i threat to India's own internal security, the Indians s.an obligation to present their case—which is a pet- ia'sive one—to the world body before taking the peril- ]', : -military actions which they have already initiated brig; the Indian border with East Pakistan. * pt|iPakistan has gone through the motions of inviting U.N. ^|itervention of sorts but on terms clearly prejudicial to |e, interests of the repressed Bengalis and their Indian tllies. The failure of the Pakistanis so far to risk a cafi Security Council consideration of the issues is an , ^Indication of-the weakness of their case and of the oppofc- v- |||]pi,ties open to New Delhi if the Indians themselves/ T '""""" bring their grievances before that forum. * ' ^JlfiA/State Department spokesman said the other day tblt '"^Washington was refraining from any call for Security Council action at this time in order to continue with "quiet diplomacy." But Washington's quiet diplomacy over the last eight months has conspicuously failed to induce Islamabad to move toward the political accom- modation with elected Bengali leaders, that is essential to defuse the current crisis. ' j- Especially after suspending' further arms shipments to India, as was quite properly done yesterday, the United States could now afford to take -a public stand at the United Nations in, behalf of a peaceful solution to this political problem that is shattering the peace of the sub- continent and threatening the peace of the world. A strong Security Council resolution, even if ultimately vetoed by Peking, might yet move President Yahya of Pakistan in a. way that provocative Indian military action will hot Although the major powers have conflicting commit- ments on the subcontinent, they have an overriding com- mon/interest in avoiding a major conflict, as indeed do India and Pakistan themselves. The best remaining oppor- tunity to achieve this common goal is to refer the problem promptly to the Security Council, which was created for just such crises and which cannot long sur- NEW .YORK TIMES, Friday, 3 December 1971 Mrs. Gandhi Rules Out Any 'Orders' by 'Big Nations' ,-SH^r. declared. "India* 5 has "Changed and she is no longer India might be cut off if full-[Keating, suggesting that the! MrsrJkfi4hilrD^aif)t I • a'country of natives." scale war erupted, Mrs. GandhiiNixon Administration was "too ! By SYDNEY HI. SCHANBERG declaredj—_i 1:. JIM..*late- " witr*imh 11its0 v_vjni^cconcerni 11,, thalaiat Referring to Pakistan's ef-!! Special Lo The New York Times forts to have United Nations "India will not compromiseiWashington's efforts "would' observers on East Pakistan; she he.r_ nationa__..;—il interest•-. s fo* r th.. e'carry more conviction" if it NEW DELHI, Dec. 2—Prime said she did not see what useful sake of a little help or aid had spoken out earlier against Minister Indira Gandhi declared purpose they could serve, since from, here or there. India is the Pakistani military repres- today that the "so-called big a large number of foreign digni- a nation of proud people." sion in East Pakistan. nations" could not "give orders taries and reporters had visited Ambassador Kenneth B. to Indians." the border areas and "witnessed Keating conveyed Washington's Rebel Bombings in Dacca the plight of the refugees — decision today to the Indian DACCA, Pakistan, Dec. 2 She specifically mentioned the results of the reign of terror Foreign Secretary, T. N. Kaul. (UPI)—Rebel Bengalis exploded Britain and left no doubt that unleashed by the Pakistani Informed sources said that Mr. four bombs here yesterday, in- ishe was also talking about the Army." Kaul, the second-ranking offi- juring three persons and caus- United States. Washington an- "Has any of tjves.e big? ria- cial in the Ministry, had beenr..in0g —considerabl ----- , -----e . .propert j,,^^y. dam- tipns asked Pakistan to stop "biting""" in his remarks to Mr.lage, the police reported. nounced yesterday the suspen- this Genocide?",.she;;isked. ."No, sion, .of the licensing of arms they will not do ;h1!'?*|.,J, .i! . .shipments, to India, v ...... "Peace can return to the'sub- ' ~ier;; re- continent," she went;on,' "only .-.;r . .if the Pakistani .Army" with- draws from the borders of India '•Con grass iparty/at .her residence •:in:tlie east: as well as the-west." this; morning..:a~hey- wer£ : : sSKIsSffl^^i-^lieference to jectibn of the; growing jcrfe p£'.Indian, military. East;|»a;kistan; .ahd -. buff ;;to ;:the mounting.Mtern;a tional' pressure oh India to reports said that,fhis latest "un- provoked" shelling- of Agartala, iScak: down* her .conflict with : Pakistan". '(•. , '•.:• ''-'•"•' ' ' :'•,• ' which has been-.^shelled many times before, began last, night r; In -conjunction ; with' :Mrs. : at 8 o'clock and wa ; s still: going Gandhi!s< hardening stand; the on late tod^y:.,..: « ^ ; , Defense Riinistr^ -arihouricftd ; a At \ least fiye^civilians; were fourth incursiph into East Pak- killed and 45';w.punded;-in-the ' ' shelling, which, struck' both, the ... . -... , ,..,... -.- .• . • .':'...| :.. • ,1 - - town and '.'are'as. "around"; '-the : : • It reported: that' Pakistani- ar- airfield, the.xeppftssaidw ;:.';..- tilieiyi Viand jet • planes had, JetIS:lR«p,QrtedHit \lx shelled; andJ.strafed! the Agar-, w . Shortly after'noon tbda^:,; the] taia : area^. :pn. -. India's.,; border .reports sa^dV;.three.;-.Pakistarii' with: East 'Pakistan;:.- and that; jets strafed .'"the. area;;:ar.pund" (the: local Indian: jitpmrnander the airfield:,'and: f led when Anti- ihad been v*"'0"'^**"-''""""^ •""i aircraft guns opened; fire: A : 1 ~'" ' -in-? spokesman in. Calcutta, ^saici'tha: t one of'the..Aiiierican-riiade jets had been'hit'and was-Seen losing altitude: as it headed cannot. -withdraw her troops back toward; its base; in D.acca, 'tempting to ,crush;;the .Bengali ; the EastvPakistan capita.!...- ,..' 'until the' Pakistani troops al- The Indian;•.repprts 'said;.;-that 'separatisits are withdrawn from the strafi'ijg had caused: .".dam- East Pakistan and the Bengalis age to; lite ;and property,"':.but are -granted autonomy pr inde- said theV airfield .'itself.,«;which penderi'cey ; ...'. <\. -.-' is only^ZQQ \ yards^ ,from,: the . ; '-"If "-any country thinks that border, had;hpt been ^damaged. 'by Bailing*us aggressors'-itcan All- -;of>India's ackripwledged -pressure us:into forgettirigVdur intrusion^ 'into, East ..Pakistan ^national .interests, then . that have;takeri';iplaee;;;fhe ivfast. two ';countryi.is:i:;living. in- its^pwn weeksw'Cme^. was ''.a? thrust .;;irito paradise: and it is welcome to the. Hilli area in hprthwest:East ;itj" sh'e;:saidJ-. . ' :.'.'''.'••' Pakistan,-"'-.five days ago-. The •,''-. "TPda'y we will do what is Indians..acknowledge that their: best,. in. ,purr. national interests troops ;,are still, --there. In''- that arid; riot -what these so-called thrust;; sources say,' the Indians I big:; riatipns...would like us to are rising at least a reinforced do," she said. "We value their, i irifa'ritry brigade supported by friendship, help and aid, but 45 tanks, which means a force we1 cannot • forsake the coun- of more than 3,000 men. try's territorial integrity and The Pakistan radio, referring sovereignty." ;.:.-o-i^.;.-.,.. •;••.-.• to ;the;;clashes./.as : an ....."unde- Mrs.! Gandhi, sppke jm Hindi cla^l^^^^'^c^.usji^^liili^tlK'; for anvhpur. She.said stieljhad hoped; that Brit^in|"wpuW take; an objective view" bf- the-litir-5 .-ation; :' ; ,' '-v.-\ • j- : '. ;• ;„-;;:: Stresses 'National Interests' • "The. times have passed The broadcast said the fight- ing was continuing but that the attacks had been halted with "heavy .losses to the in- vaders," described as Indian troops supported by artillery, '."tanks and planes. • • •••'• Mrs. Gandhi's speech today HEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 3 December 1971 * Mr. McCaw is- said"'W' hatf. slashed his staff rc&lflC Wh U.K. PAKISTAN AID was building up 'toward 'a'goal' of 165, by 62 members of the United Nations personnel, plus.j FEARMEARHALT four dependents who .- have been flown to Bangkok. ' - New Trucks Are Reported ; Most of the remaining United Nations personnel of 45 repre- Abandoned at Chittagong senting other agencies and a four-man crew for a chartered 'airplane, have been -'pulled By BENJAMIN WELLES back^ to Dacca for safety. Previ- Sprenl t" Thf New York Tlme« ously, the ..relief : agency had WASHINGTON, Dec. 2 — been gradually -moving its per- Diplomatic informants here said sonnel ^ut, of Dacca into 10 today that the $100-million ef- strategic' 'field'1 stations •through- fort of the United Nations re out East Pakistan. These, sta- lief agency in East Pakistan is1 tions, informants say, ''Have "grinding to a halt" and that been turned over to East Pak- fhe agency has abandpned 162 istani relief agencies. ; new trucks, bought with inter- ..Johrf Pakistan gays Indians Attacked at Four Border Points Continued From Page 1, Col. 7, : "During the .present emer- day that India had made only gency I have agreed to tempo- "small tactical dents" in her: *,,uv v»«v,.iM *«#..intend to: territory, but Western military Fighting Reported W rarily accept the second posi- V I, ' r • bomb" •.ri'ohmilitary' targets and: attaches, who admit that their Kashmir Line did not plan attacks on Indian tion in a civilian government information about the situation ; with the understanding that in the eastern wing is severely cities. limited by the lack of observ- Pakistan's President, Gen. wars do not last forever and By MALCOLM W. BROWNE things must be changed after- ers, believe that the incursions Special to The Hew York Tlma Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan, wards. After all, Mr. Nurul Amin have been much more serious. RAWALPINDI, Pakistan, Sat- .scheduled an address to the represents only himself whereas urday, Dec. 4—Pakistan charged nation. I represent the people of West Sharp Clash in Pakistan last night that the Indian Army Various ambassadors called Pakistan." BHARSHALA, Pakistan, Sat-.' had attacked at least four on the President to determine During the last few days urday, Dec. 4 (AP)—Pakistani what was happening. Among there have been increasing prep- troops, led by two Russian- points along West Pakistan's them was the United States arations for war in the west. made tanks, fought a sharp border. The Pakistani Air Force Ambassador, Joseph S. Farland. Civilian vehicles have been battle more than six miles in- and Army have been given or- The United States has re- 'requisitioned, reservists and for- side Pakistan yesterday but ders to penetrate India as deep- peatedly advised Pakistan to mer servicemen have been called were forced back by heavy In- ly as possible, a Government exercise restraint and avoid to duty, persons in essential dian artillery fire. At least two war. positions have been mobilized Pakistanis were wounded. spokesman said. A Foreign Ministry spokes- and a civil defense corps has A platoon of Pakistani infan- The spokesman said that the man declined to say whether been organized. try, moving behind the two first fighting in West Pakistan war would be declared. He also Last week the dependents of tanks, attempted to clear In- began about noon yesterday, declined comment when asked Americans and other foreigners dian infiltrators from villages what • would be done about! were evacuated from border about 1,000 yards from the de- with firing along the border, Indian diplomats posted in! towns in West Pakistan, most serted Bharshala railway sta- especially on the cease-fire line Pakistan. of them to tion. The tanks began firing on in Kashmir, where Indian and! During the 1965 conflict, men folk in Lahore and other Indian positions, but a heavy Pakistani forces fought a brief! war was never declared and! border communities are expect- artillery bombardment forced there was never a formal break-j ed to remain, at least for the the tanks to retreat, and the but bloody war in 1965. in diplomatic relations between time being. infantry scrambled to safety. "It's the 1965 wa,r all over Pakistan and India. The new' Phone calls indicated that La- Two Pakistani F-86 Sabrejets again," a military spokesman fighting in West Pakstan ap- hore, 18 miles from the Indian then strafed Indian positions. said. pears to be in virtually the border, was quiet, with no indi- The Pakistani force was at-, He said incidents occurred same places as in 1965. cation of approaching fighting. tempting to clear a way to the aimost simultaaSptlily in Kash- The military spokesman said During the 1965 war the Indian besieged town of Akhaura, three that Pakistan's offensive would Army nearly reached Lahore be- miles from the border, which jmir, in the .ShaKargarh salient, 1 extend to East Pakistan as well forlles th11JVe - cease-fir*>t.U.OW I Jie ^ toobWJ.k* ^J.*VOI-.,4lt*ieffect hasJ beenLJ\^<_LL reportei V^^WJ. l,V,l_ld undeU.|.1.U^1r con- i'Poonch, • Uri, the Kasur border, Where, according to Pakistan, Pakistan? maintained yester-l tftant attack since Dec. 1. Hussein-i-Wala and at Chamb, 1 Between Jessar and Lahore; in | :the arjny has' 'been.restrained Rajastan, . and at Rahimy'ar-i from -crossing. theri^^Ei/frbh.-, jkhan. • • •'• ' - • ' . •••, •'••; ':'..! i••./, Cease-fire Rules Cited ; • ^ Under -^a 1;fuir !:-m6on|i£rmy ;: According ^Pakistan, :,the |,trucks>. and ;•/.heavy': artillery. j cease-fire rules in Kashmir' re ' | could.; be AjSeeri,' rolling ^toward 1 quire that ,when -,an incident their positions. has occurred- -the commanders ; Thte' Pakistani Government : of opposing Indian and Paki-' declared a blackout last night stani ranger forces immediately throughout West Pakistan and civilian flights were canceled, consult. at least for the night. Radio This time, the spokesman and television alternated mar- said, when the Pakistani com- tial songs with instructions for manders went to talk with air-raid alerts and civil defense their Indian counterparts, ^hey and leading polticians made statements urging "national were met by regular Indian unity in the coming'war with troops, who fired1 on them. The India. Indian attacks were said to , A leading politician told news- have been supported by artil- I men that Pakistan would prob- ably announce .the formation of Ijjry and fighter bombers. a new civilian government in a \ The spokesman said the Pak- day or two. Zulfikar Ali .Bhutto, istani Air Force retaliated dur- leader of the leftist Pakistan _.„ the afternoon and evening, People's party, said there had kraibing at least seven Indian been agreement that' General (Yahya Khan would continue as airfields. He said the bombing President, that the East Bengali was continuing. politician Nurul Amin would be Indian Targets Listed made Prime Minister and that ';He said the Indian -airfields Mr.;.Bhutto would be Deputy Prime. .Minister. ' ' ; •"'"'•"' •' Jhat- were bombed ._. were ^at 1 • "Especially during wartime," i'mritsar, PathankdtJ 'Avanti Mr.u'Bhutto: said, "a political pur, Srinagaf/ AUttarIai'^(in- Rajastan' State) an|i~ Agra and Ambala, both'^aid to be Indian et bomber bases. He said no Indian intercep-j tors had attacked the Pakistani Sj all of which, returned o base. "We will have to wait until morning to 'see whether the ndian bombers were knocked ut," he said. The spokesman added that NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 4 December 1971 Cancels ling1 Export Licenses for Shipment of Military Goods to Indii '•• ff- -• - been over this ve;•. ;]„: :'..;,:-. ...l; •• oy id cSrefully." llii.i l\iKisi:-i l-.jtl SOl:^:;: 'Continuing Incursions' * Eakshmi Kant Jha, the Indi- UiiiU'd Sian-s 'guarantees,' j but, following a whispered dis-i an Ambassador, said the Unite* ! cussion with an aide, he cor,- Into Pakistan Are Cited States had acted with "alacrity reeled himself to say that Paki- in cutting off alt defense sup stan had asked only for un- -plies to Isdia. He said th specified "guarantees" that if By BENJAMIN. WELLES 'Administration took "man; Pakistan withdrew first, India SpECiaVin'Jfie.K'cw 1&c Timer, itripnths" to halt defense sup would follow suit. India refused WASHINGTON, Veo, .SJ^j lfes'to Pakistan. both times, he said. United States announced'tftday action affected only Hce'ris'es—' .Speaking at a news confer U.S. Information Scanty that it had canceled remaining not deliveries—and that there ence in the Indian Embassy, Mi United States officials, who export licenses for military and would be no attempt to turn Jha, who has just returned from asked not to be identified, said other sensitive equipment for around ships' at sea carrying that the United States Govern- equipment to India. New Delhi, said that India ha; ment is receiving .scanty and India because of "continuing Two days ago the United 'nothing to gain" by war wit! sometimes conflicting informa: Indian incursions into Pakis- States announced that it had Pakistan and wants "neithe: tion about the Indian-Pakistan tan." canceled $3-million worth of [Pakistani territory or people." situation. Charles W. Bray 3d, the State licenses for ammunition, car- Opposes U.N. Debate "It's hard to believe Indian Department spokesman, said in tridges and ammunition manu- reports about those Pakistan; facturing equipment. Today's He • said that India has op air attacks" said one official.; response to questions that be-, action additionally bars India [posed taking the issue to th> "The airfields reportedly hit cause of the deteriorating situ- from acquiring any military or United Nations Security Coun are not logical targets. There ation, $11.3-million worth of other defense-related items on just aren't that many Indian the United States munitions cil because India believes th< spare parts for aircraft and representatives of the insurgen planes on them—unless they've electronic and communications list, a comprehensive list of all been moved up very re- several thousand items owr Bengali movement in East Pat cently. As for what's happening equipment could not now be stan must be which the State Department! J. 10 . of; represented a on the ground—we just don't shipped to India. has primary responsibility. *™ aggression." Unit know." Defense Department and The United States announced Nations procedures would Mr. Jha said that domestic Nov. 6 that it had decided to bar the representatives, he other official sources said that said, because Pakistan says pressures are growing in India the actual value of the equip-; cancel all outstanding arms- for early recognition of Bangla export licenses for Pakistan. that the civil strife in Eas ment for which, specific coin- Pakistan is an "internal" mat Desh (Bengal Nation), a term About S3-million in licenses ter. used by those fighting for inde- -were affected although $160,-1 pendence in East Pakistan. OOCTin spare parts, which had[ Nawabzada Agha Mohammad Prime Minister Indira Gandhi bee.n;held up by the dock strike, Raza, the Pakistani Ambassa and other Indian leaders are we^'permitted to go. dor, accused India today of launching "all-out war" on his now publicly using the term ^r,Envoy Criticizes U.S. country. Mr. Raza, who ..also Bangla Desh rather than East Diplomats and other infor- held a news conference1 'here, Pakistan. Mr. Jha stressed, mants suggested today that the said that: his Government however, that India -has: noa United States ban on further informed the United ,.ai;corded any recognition. . ; shipments of electronic " and that it would accept .. „__ .. communications equipment- to dependent^ observers", ori::its!ter* India might /affect the United ritory.. ' States-Indian' monitoring:. '•• and Mr. Raza sajd:.,.1": ^ ••to radar projects in, the Himalayan Our American 'friends tp! stand region on .'. the Nepal-Tibet. by us." ii ".'•';• V' •. • . . .. border. . '••••• v . •; .' ; '.' , !•!; In response to,, questi.pns, he After the 1962- Irtdiah-Chinaibarred any possibility of ne- war, the United* States; began gotiations'! between -President helping India build radar air Agha Mohammad Yahya. Khan defenses — known as -Project and Sheik Mujibur Rahman, Star Sapphirer-to warn of im- the leader of the banned pending Chinese air attacks; Awami League, the East-Paki- The United States has also sup- stani party that pressed first plied India with a small number for Virtual autonomy Land later of technical advisers to help for independence from West India electronically •monitor' de- Pakistan. Mr. Raza said that velopments , in. China,, such as Sheik Mujib had been. plotting Chinese ^.nuclear. tes,ts at Lop with India in ,1-068 but had Nor in'" China's Sinkiang;'prov-| been pardoned.. Now, he said, ince. ..:''••'.-. .'".•• ' .. ••-.. . :.'-' Sheik Mujib is :|aircraft.VNp. seats were being | when they moved to crush thebooked' on domestic flights in or Bengali' autonomy movement. anticipation of the suspension "As far as I'm concerned, it's of all flights. Against Pakistani Force in East a war," said tne Indian mili- Prime Minister Indira Gandhi tary source. "We now have to 'take certain steps, which will before the crisis broke, By SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG 'be apparent in the morning." speaking from 5 P.M. to nearly Special to The New Yorlc Tiraei "We will set the machine 6. The Pakistani air attacks CALCUTTA, India, Saturday, had attacked first with ground in motion," another military were said to have begun Dec. 4—The forces of India's troops all along the western shortly after 5:30 P.M. Mrs. source said "We will Gandhi was not told the news eastern cottimand are poised for border. "That's a bloody lie!" let loose th< of war." an all-out drive into East Paki- said the Indian military source. until after her speech. Many diplomatic observers "Pakistan is talking about stan against the Pakistani "I give you my word there was be]ieve tha( the main war will war," she told a crowd of about troops there. no attack." be fought on the eastern front. 500,000 on the Brigade Parade "We will take necessary ac- However, Indian units here Their view is that with the re- Ground. "We do not want to tion; we will take whatever in the east, supported by tanks ported Pakistani attack in the fight. I hope they will not fol- action an army is supposed to :, the Indians will push di- low up their talk, but if they do' and artillery, have been jabbing y into East Pakistan to we are prepared." take," a military source said and probing at the Pakistani accomplish their objective — The Prime Minister flew back here last night after the Gov- troops in East Pakistan for sev- the creation of a friendly, in- to New Delhi after her speech. ernment had reported that eral weeks. dependent East Pakistan that Shortly after midnight, in a Pakistani planes from West will take back the nearly 10 nationwide radio broadcast, she The Indian operation was de- ^^^ ^^ .....told her people that Pakistan Pakistan had attacked Indian had launched 'a "full-scale war" {airfields in the west and that signed to help the Bengali in- india says have fled to her surgents oust the West Paki- soil during the eight months of on India and -the decisive! a (the Pakistanis were shelling state 'if nation.'I Indian units on the western stani troops who have occupied strife and Twho pose a threat East Pakistan- since' -March, to her stability. border. , . The observers believe.' that [Pakistan,! "By her military ac- f;/Rakis.tan,; j jtions in the west, may be try- ing to bring about international intervention :as a means of freezing the situation and hold- ing on, however tenuously, to 'East Pakistan', ' ' • ' . I "The United Nations may be j able to stop the fighting in the i west," said a* Western diplo- mat, . "but; no one on this side is going to stop to listen to the U.N. bray. They're going' to push right in." Even without the United Na- tions intervention, independent observers think the major 'ac- tion may be in the east. A key objective is the city of Jessore and its cantonment, which are;-only about 20 miles from the border with West Ben- gal State, in India. It was; clear last night that, at least to officers of the east- ern command, the Pakistani move came as a surprise. "We were not expecting war ; so soon," a military source said. Calcutta, the overcrowded capital of West Bengal that sits less than 50-miles from the border, was calm last night. (Diplomats attended their usual parties, the'brightly lit Park .Street nightclubs were hum- ming arid: the movie theaters were full. .The diplomatic mis- sion of the insurgent govern- ment—which calls itself Ban- gla Desh (Bengal Nation) — was quiet, its iron gate'locked. The only sign of crisis was a blackout at the airport, Where i-large.sandbag :fortifica- tidire||i^ye;;been.: erected'm^-the jast week' .to protect military NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 4 December 1971 tatement !• NEW -DELHI, Dec. 3 (Reuters)—-followirtg is the text of Prime Minister Indira (Jandhi's radio speech to the na- tion tonight: •'. ;"• I speak to you at a moment people~'pf India an awesonle of'grave' peril to our country responsibility. We have no and .our people. Some hours other option but to put our ago,' soon after 5:30. P.M. on country on a war footing. Our B$c, 3, Pakistan launched: a brave officers and jawans are full-scale '^ar1 against us. :.' at their posts, .mobilized for :The Pakistan Air Force sud- the- defense of the country. denly struck at.out.airfields Emergency has been declared in Amritsar, Patharilcot, Sri- for, the whole of India. Every nagar, Avantipur, Utterlai, necessary step is being taken, Jodhpur, Ambala and Agra.- and we are prepared for any Their ground forces .are eventualities. shelling our defense positions I have no. dd.ubt that it is in Sulemankhi, Khe.mkaran, the united .will of ."our people Poonch and other sectors. that this wanton arid unpro- Since last;March we have voked, aggression of Pakistan borne the heaviest of burdens should be. decisively and fi- and withstood the greatest of nally repelled. In this resolve, pressure and a tremendous the Government is assured of effort to urge the) world to the; full and unflinching sup- help in bringing iabout a. port ;df<"all .political .parties peaceful solution, in prevent- and every Indian citizen. ing annihilation of an .entire- i'We must be, prepared for people whose only; crime'1 was a long period of hardship and to vqte democratically.-. -. ,:V - sacrifice.. .We are. a peace- But the world ignored the-: loving people, but! we know basic, causes.' and. concerned, that peace cannot last .if we itself only with certain repeir-. do not guard our freedom, cussiSns. " our, democracy, and our way The situation was-bound to of life. So" today we .fight,, deteriorate, .and the coura* hot merely for" territorial In- geous;band of freedom fight- tegrity, .but.: for the. basic ers have been staking their .-ideals/ which- have •'••,given all in-, defense, of the ..values strength 'ib;. this country, and for •wjiich we also have strug- In this alqrife we can progress gled and which are basic to1 to a better/future. Aggression our way of life. . .-;• ; ': must.be met and the .people •--,. Today;.; the,,.w:ar-..;n.,Bangla. of India will meet -it. with besh lias.become a'.war on fortitude |!arid determination, ilndia,;anjfc.this ii £ igiscjipline and the ut- NEW YORK TIMESr Saturday, 4 December 1971 - jff»*5awwT^ jubconfment The outbreak of extended fighting between India and Pakistan—their third war since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947—is the inevitable consequence of brutal repression by the .Government of'Pakistan of its own people in East Bengal, of the self-righteous intransi- gence of India's response and of the narrowly self-serving; • policies of the great powers which resulted in an inex- cusable paralysis at the United Nations. While'the two giants of the subcontinent have inched step-by-step toward all-out war, the world organization has' frittered::away:precious opportunities to intervene for peace.. It may n6w be too late to avert a calamity that will dwarf the past'' misfortunes of .an area where disaster is almost a way of life. But the effort must be made, not only-for the sake of the miserable one-fifth of mankind who: dwell on the subcontinent but. because the present conflict could have repercussions far beyond the borders of India and Pakistan. The Security Council can no longer ignore the' call to action that was sounded by Secretary General Thant in a prescient warning months ago. In respondhig to this crisis* it is essential that the Council go beyond a simple call for .a cease-fire arid, address itself simul- taneously to the root cause of the conflict—the repres- sion in East Pakistan which has placed intolerable strains on the economic, social and political fabric of neighbor- ing India. • ;. ' India has acted; rashly and irresponsibly with its mitiaL provocative thrusts into East Pakistan.•'. But New Delhi was moved by a deep and. legitimate sense of injury and by a desperate frustration fed by the failure of the world community—especially the United States— to recognize and to attempt to repair that injury. This fundamental failure must be corrected if the world Is toibe^sav^d from confronting still wider and more ter- NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 4 December 1971 iTtV'V> I JrAJ\lA JfTQfTo 1 AAI AMT - ~—jnuo ,7-1-. ' , und,forces ha opensd' fitting on the western; front where"rshe was-at less'of a military disadvantage Citing reports by the Pal in isolated East Pakistan. According to. Indian' spokes- Ghinese press agency, that w,,?dl men, Pakistani F-S6 sabrejet dia had launched an attack PAR.- planes bombed and strafed' for- the western sector, an SiSlfct ward "Indian air bases at Armit- statement. said that such cha sar, Pathankot, Srinagar. Avan- es are totally false and t tipur, Uttarlai.Jodhpur, Ambala and .Agra, and "heavy military P°fition and there has been vehicles" near Sadik in the!offensive <* defensive act ' jalong the western border Some 300 to 400 yards of thelthe Indian troops so far." airstnp at'Amntsar were dam- Later last night, however, 1 aged; but the field is still serv- Indian Defense Minister, Ja'{ iceable, the. Indians said. van Ram, told newsmen that The Pakistanis used Mirage- dian forces would take "all m Ill supersonic planes at Amrit- slow, grave and measured tor locations. .The Indians describee to her radio audience, said tl after 5:30 P.M. fairly small formations,,, such as six1 Sabrejets at Srinagar am scale war against us." RUAfflAH four Mirages at Amritsar. This Jbdhp'ur however, consistent with Desh [Bengal Nation, the inst the way air strikes were con dueted in the 1965 war between has become a war on Indiar" s said. "We have no option Pakistani artillery also began to put the country on shelling seven Indian positions Mrs. Gandhi referred indirec Punjab ly to the almost 10 million re said. ugees from the turmoil in Ea ' : . . Tte New York Times/Dec. .1,1971 The only ground attack Pakistan. The burden of tl Bomb bursts show-stune of the areas reportedly hit.;by Pakistani planes. Clashes were ported so far by New Delhi was refugees was one reason Ind reported at Poonch (1 on inset at left) and elsewhiig'Drt'KashinirJine.^East Pakistani a Pakistani attack across the recently stepped up its pblit o 3f tf^sore,,,(jK of, ii Kashmir cease-fire \\ne-—a leg cal and military support f< . ill i n 1..1 ..••Ji i! ai ' acy of an earlier war—near the East Bengali guerrillas. Poonch. But the coordinated air She said that "since la: attacks on Indian airstrips was March we have borne the heai Mrs. Gandhi Vows regarded as a prelude to major iest of burdens and the grea ground fighting. est of pressures -in a tremei to Repel the Foe The reported air attacks were dous effort to ask the world t said to have started at dusk help in bringing about a peace Has Raided 12 Airfields and continued in various areas ful solution and preventing th By, CHARLES MOHR into the night as a full moon annihilation of an entire peopl Special 1o The Neiv Torlc Tim 1*3 . rose like a spotlight over the whose only crime was to vot NEW DELHI, Saturday,'Dec. subcontinent. democratically." Major Developments in Crisis 4—India declared yesterday; Civil authorities in Agra "But the world ignored basi India's Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, accused Pak- that Pakistan had launched about 120 miles south of New causes and concerned itself onl; with certain repercussions," shi istan of having begun'a "full-scale war" yesterday, "fiill-scale war" against her.". Delhi, said that Pakistani planes leaving her country "ho'other option" but to go on-a- bombed that area three times said, in an allusion to interna Prime Minister Indira GantiihJ, during the night and that one tipnal suggestions that both In war footing. 'Her statement came as both sides reported .making the announcement in a Pakistani plane was shot down dia and Pakistan withdraw thei speech »,;at xmidnightj, ^pledged., Agra is the site of the Ta forces from the borders of Eas '-^•'•Ai.jffi'^'g'S V. ''yr>-L'N.. -gr - * - Mahal, ,..a. beautiful mausoleum Pakistan. buij't ' '~* ~ "The situation was bound tc •t^t: ij>l, H.4 rV-VtJ' 'I'"11 ••;" .•• •*£ ' of ! the''*?wo'rld's' • •ardjfif'e'ctura. deteriorate," she said. "We tig; tMrWesfrFalastahv; isterlJie^^erea-Siid^e' - must be prepared for a lonj border. He said'the Pakistani Air Force and-Anny.had jeriod of hardship and sacri' that "the wanton and., un f; orders to penetrate India as deeply as possible.' voked aggression of Pakistan C6:" but; like" most' cities in North A Pakistan broadcast in the Each side accuse^ the other of attacking in Kash- would be decisively and finally India, was blacked out. Urdu language said that "the mir, and in Calcutta Indian military sources said they repelled." . ... India said1 that the Pakistani enemy has finally aroused us were ready for an all-out drive into East Pakistan. [Mrs. Gandhi, told Pariia- air strikes caused only minor to a jihad." Jihad is the word 1 : damage^,: .Air, v 'M'' pr-.a^Moslem ;holy :~w.atv{Paki? . stari, is .an. Jslamia..state.,,V'~TJ''' C"'• ;r>nnet7itfitT<-\MnIT*r- V li . *r*;n Command! 'Said the' strikes'-had s;, 'constitutionallyf ; ; ^secular] "'nof t -been- able even to: bruisef -f-i.+n ':K,,* ' i^^^ftjj'^i^rii. ifly^HihS ''form'glny/'^eGl^alibil; 'S^ig is." :. India1-1 did- . come;C,Thb:'.A.5;speia'ited^:Pi*i^Sfi loss' -of 'any ,;;A' major -:preoccupatiori for: reported, 'The" Indian -"^^i? . . _!'the Pakistani''attacks; ndlan officials', within,, the. .next- Blent... unanimously *-. The Pakistani radio, charged few. .days will be the question that, India'ii"'ground .'forces had of how China, which 'diplomat-' ' 'M";p'f b'clahfttiott^, _„ Iaunched.'-an .attack..up'bh.:West' cally supports Pakjstan,. will; of emergency.' '"'•'' *•*''' ••'•'•^ ; •eactf -and . .' whether1 . Chinese ' Pakistan; on'i/nine. fronts. '; - j ,; India:: and. Pakistan,--born in fpops on the northern ;border' fflill.fake any action.1. ' the; bloody^ religious rioting 'that : accompanied) ,;the partition': of ;; Indian officials rltonight :'.'said British .-India iu 1947,.have been ,ftat the Chinese; press agency's apnouncemehtjof ,an: attack -by enemies.-ever since.' . •'..:.. T Relations ' h'ave grown . „ ndia?j,yas: made, almost, si'mu I- r creasingly-bad'in the .last' eight aneously .with ,the ' Pakistan ra-' •town's;-, Reuters reported!] .«tjj-| months as' West Pakistani sol- lio report. . . ."• ' • t ''.,•. I'. : JA' sizable part of ', the'' Indian^. , indiaii.. spokesmen' "said- '.flaift: dier^s- .haVe'V'attempted; to. . crush ; : by force".,the ;move' toward 'au- Army. .is tie-d-downjon,' tne .,Chi-:.' Pakistani, jet- fighter-bomb; eiif hese border.,.,' p-:. ,',':';.',, ^'v-'..^!'"' V aillacked : .i'2 ;Indian '.airfieltls,' tonomy or .;.itideperidence by Bengal^spjgkingJrebelsanJEIagt „• In dia-: ; ; aicl ;ji,':Pa:kUtaii;;' , 'have' of 'Agfa; ^ -^^''" tration :pf f fnilitairy ; veji icles1 and- :onflicts,in the past. ..Both, end-: .,tweaks, .-India;, ^dra- ed in stalemate..and cea^e-fire1 qttien .tiSEget^^el' -^ matically., increased herisUpport •^ '-the 1947-48- struggle1 for' thati.fbuf'i-Mklstarii plane of the: insurgents in .East: Pakis- tan-and sent .units of her armed tashmir. and ..the .' 22-day '1965 ;beetti>shot .down;.. forces- across; "tho .Ftjct-:D-,I>"- war;,ih the.Puniab '-' IB: fTO^rnHrjanf uijuijsr; | t^asnmir cease-tire line-—a leg- cal and military support 1 ef !ft l f l acy of an earlier war—near the East Bengali guerrillas. ^^^'^/^^•''• f 'y:^ ' ^^f 'f '^^if Poonch. But the coordinated air She said that "since 'V;;i'j:":!'..,' -ivr^k^^^^'-'-ifV U*'*h*iFj attacks on Indian airstrips was March \ve have borne the ht i^$efcl Mrs. • GafiithifVows regarded as a prelude to major iest of burdens and the gr '.'•"'•',' ground fighting. est of pressures .in a trerr to Repel the Foe The reported air attacks were dous effort to ask the work said to have started at dusk help in bringing about a pes Has Raided 12 Airfields and, continued in various areas ful solution and preventing By, CHARLES MOHR into the night as a full moon annihilation of an entire pec 'apodal to The New YcH-ic Times . rose like a spotlight over .the I whose only crime was to \ Major Developments in Crisis NEW DELHI, Saturday,'Dec. 'subcontinent. democratically." India's Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, accused Pak- 4—India declared .. yesterday; Civil authorities in Agra, "But the world ignored b; istan- of having begun 'a "full-scale war" yesterday, that Pakistan .had launched about 120 miles south of New causes and concerned itself o 1 "fiill-scale war" against her.--. Delhi, said that Pakistani planes with certain repercussions," leaving her country "ho other option" but to go on a bombed that area three times said, in an allusion to inter Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; I during the night and that one tional suggestions that both war footing. 'Her statement came as both sides reported . .making the announcement in a mes hadjibombed Indian^jirfields. ^5 Pakistani plane was shot down. |dia and Pakistan withdraw tr m£m^*\m'&zm*imH.'^j£*-$ Ipe.efh; gat^^id.n|gh>ti, ^pledged Agra is the site of the Taj forces from the borders of E Mahal,. a. beautiful mausoleum Pakistan. 1 i 1 irt -.t-'?' ii;.tW(r j^ . . .'*-*,.,**.." . . SJ?K^«r?!,^?"' .IS i- • i "The- situation was bound ^Westtfakistair;^ 'deteriorate," she said. '" ! • >*TOiB.i.W3S,na.-re- mus••— ."t • b"ce preparemcyaicud fo,ur aa Iicc border. He said>.the Pakistani Air Force and'Army had. . that "the' wanton:.'and;impj'p'" enod of hardsl and sa aW-fe'thfeafr^v'^ fice;P. "P < orders to penetrate India as deeply as possible. ' ''•'" voked aggression . qf Pakistan .y| u^r^TO^5^- - Each side accuse?} the other of attacking in Kash- would be decisively and finally but; UKe'"rriost cities in North ' A Pakistan broadcast in t mir, and in Calcutta Indian military sources said they Indja, was blacked out. Urdu language said that "t jrepelled." . •'. •/',, India said: that the Pakistani enemy has finally-aroused were ready for an all-out drive into East Pakistan. [Mrs. Gandhi told Parlia- air strikes caused only minor . .. if$£ ticohstjtotiofilliyjia- v/secul "hqt".;beehilable even'Ho'C'bruise; .sfafe;; blif: is^e'dSmina'nrlf ffl ; 11 ; ; ; : [etyJa1bnefhurfe us! Wdia^id- dii^ri:is ;^t'^'^*ii A'i '« ". ^C3S ot^ree$t - '•' ' .. will: be the, '!fbrc"esr-had1 Pfv J}ow-:China;- which diploma aI u rts ; 'K !J'''. ? PR9 Pakistan,. ;:w, .. ^5»r-nr-vv - fronts;: ':.i:'^.' react: - rand . , .whether! ,.: Chine; .'JindiS r v and}', PakistanijVh.ofn' in •tiioqps 'onMhe northern,;b:' •"> "^'"""^''j1 religious noting-that' -""••"^'-----•-•«-in^--';-:, ij i] ;the partition f_ of. ^tonight 1;,sa, iS.-.ip.1 1947^ have been ever - attack ,;tpvvhi;-'\fteuters;: reporfejCJ/u<|>§| • Pakistani •- .'in^liW^rtjsiy^^'oTi^ o*,^ :• -fU^f i .,.• J.H.-LJ.H*II'V\ £>)jyn.^.3±LL<^jLi -_i)Giiu^ .viao-U j..haye*'attempte'd ;-t0:,'cr.usB by. f orce:ithe^ 'liove1' t^v^ard ;'au^' Pakistani..; jp>'%ghter-bornbj|s se 'attacked!;' 'li', 'Indian'-'sirfi*m£ tonomy br.>,,indeperiden'cg '-by. JengR0nWi« i i-speakingJrebeLs, ^ii_E.as( Sakjs v^^insk •-•.; si^s/jft-'S*^"- .-.,--0-.- w,,w uitijwi UUL, Jimue .,i,j.,,..i.v.vy«,iii5-vycqna»;iIIUia;. Ora- .'conflicts;in'the pa'st.l.Bpth.em matticallyftincrease.d^n.er'supporti',ec| in stalematef,.a'ni;ceas^;fis r of die,;ins,urgents in East! Pakis' M',,vthe. 194.7.48: ,struggle.;'J fd tan'and.sent--units of'hef;:armed Kashmir; ahd;^.the:22-!day:ri; 19f6i forces acrbsS;L"'the East ''Pakis- HwariJn'the.'.Pviniaili anrl:jtlie;.lahi rnu' ai-ea o i K.ashnii.f,. ..1:;^' •'" ;;V« tan ;border1- in-what 'she.terme1 d : 7 'defensive actions." -'.^ [- -'.. - ' ?Early repqrts, bf,,the";t5res.eri ,,Iri an1 order: of the"'.'day., "-is- conflict were' sketchy arid, con ;Ue:d,,' unrn.ediately after-the re- tradictory.; . The Iridian. ^spokes ior,ted,'; attacks . by Pakistani men", described' shelling"^^-^ bij Jianes,.' :AirV:Marshal : Ehgiheer.not, .a; grdurtd .•' advance :ir— b; :old; his''pilots,.' "We. owe it to Pakistan, along the Punjab bor State/ Pakistani artillerjj';ybet,__ los.terity f, that., we destroy the der, .fi-om - .F:azilka,;ito j Amritsar bombarding^^ ftdiantjpcisitibns^iii vil^ar machine" bf.P'akistari,' •This was a.'major,battlegrp,uh! c :t^the:i965Var^-" '"'/'*;- A "'•'-' 'tfie' Punjab: and ,in' Jkirunu^tn^y • Official .IhdJan'SpOkesrnan in 5;prif. addition,: io-V,th.e> add.edv;1 ':'A ^y^M^W^ff Ie-nJ.;pelhi,.,hb>vever,- were'.'iin- ibletfpj'say''that-Indiah''aircraft r' The:: In'dian'President^vSfjy; ! fiiri-Giri:; ^d'eriared;'d'edared'fe' 'firr!Mte-d'Statfe'-df f ,:!natifihi ;. J!al;:emergencyiT The!:Iridiaft= .fa liament wasVsiunmpned'. tqj special ;'se'ssipn,'t.his 'mo,rhingf|( ;•,. 1 approve^ a- Defense of -India biiK ygfficja|:js.pok^smm:, also to the JVale' of 'Kashmir^ • arid '"is that-- f^ - ; the.-: ''' . :(;. full-scale i.indian« ihiiitajry.: retalf-. v — _—-— —v v.*iu. u.A: HIV iW^aLClilj tiL- ation ^.aimedy.., at" tapk's; ''Iftdia- ha'd^asserted.^that iP^kistanisi.F-'8e j'ets,; Struck1',!! ear 'th'a'tely'';7b;00() ; ffiej; air'f ielii; at'.-ithe'; Indian'1 , town |6f';Agarfalaj":clbse''-^, the!?'east-; ^"'.Sucri aetiqnrhbvi'evei'j •Seeniei^ ferrijborder,-.pf' East1 Pakistanv'1.- •:''"? :ihe vitable) .5iijidiam'leaders":. hiye;3 £|Acc;oV.a.ing-''tp • 6fficialsl--indianl made'. s;el^ar.Mhai^::their?!: goalSis,^. troops^ crossed'''the^boraef'into the,?dism'enSfiS^eni;i|3K P,aklstai[ii* ,-Ea^t. •Pakistan.;.'at''this-Vp'oinf iiJ,a .-.f.«a8¥.S.yff (offS^Klfiaenaiv^^ Thursda^ -,-' folio wing-;: a,* similarj iffia-> air' raid - and 'shellingi-'.'Pakistani denied: -the Indian>syersioffi?vana| said - that. the';.;a.ir.^strike:' Jwasj made ..on..Indian 'troops.5within1: East Pakistan advancing toward" the Pakistani 'railroad- town -ofi Akhura *" t Y1 j I i " — * f ' 'e Jets Hit Srlnagar Airport SRINAGAR Kashmir, Dec. CReuters) — Six Pakistan^ Sabrejets made au low-level ombing raid on Snnagar Air.-, ?9fl^.a:ay^ati^|fe^edga.i}g sthef..^ nearby ^areS;j^hdiin}'p'fi| •ipials' safd..^.- ..-•',,! '.•'^•fes^t'. '**;. • j-Indiari..antiaircraft' batterjes ;ire.4 :at ,thei.,-r,ai,ders..buit failed" ;o...hit' any-.and^ the-planes'!fe<-' iurned ?ito •.'' Pakistani: • territory,.. ;)4e'officials"said^,. ".:;.•'.." '^, ' ,||:They sadd;rtHe?.p;faiieS( .swepl: IB.' .Jc-Wj overVthe .'.Sririagi^-iA^r-'' fjprj: 'dropped-.thear^.bphjbs', 3nen-; leaded 'f6r-Ava'ntipur?-sdnre' 20'.: I'ile's to,,/the 'southw,est;,;;:Sj',;;-••!;•; ...j^fter' striking'; the iAyahtipur,; areafffOffici'als -.said,:,tKey-.'made : 'atiipass'v.qyer-" a -' ^ido, /-transmit-: yngi'statipri outside .Srinagar.j,.';. •i Officials., said!', there:.was .no.' iarta^^o.*Sfmagan:flselSafMS Jamage tt^.thei.airport was jbe-'. ing asBe*s:|^d. '"•* .' , "jb~. '"• g32B •&•§.•? 2 .g 5 .. \j P-J - uf C ^ ri *--•»-> - ° £ rf &£ r-'c-sisggir2 *^ £>.§» B >>•§-pg .«s*= « .^c ^g.-s««|sd* 3 4J CU 1 ?S1 3 -r-pt" 3 i-S'C ^ ° f -S S r' ^ *^ »^*^>.S5 O A ^ -"° 2 c'£ g S£ uo.2^.£ gfc,^ = -c >c5/5-o£ •> ggc S " *> 2 i) ;;i" co M CCO 100.3 *~~5< CWD C^^L 2t1 ^ 2«-c c -s I c-S- rt I^IIIIlliSlilsllslijs i" _"^«-' g-S w>.B^" Jrf:° "• = CU 0 u 1 •ofeB --ys' co E c- S W O 1 c p o c to- PL, C co IB ifplKL-ii^^i^gflt::.?.: a o ja •- o . -IS co o - CU T3 .5? Ol H .S c of *""?« — CU !T) 22 ° T3 ".— ^ OH _ "w CO -e l^iSS-^a^-cSac S "" ,.4S= BJS S-S.'w p-,5 w ^2 <" „;'.§•< • S- 'gfi ' L^•siiij s p ^ • H c = *- ^: S B 2 B S-0 i§'tJ§|g||g rf CO •• " s«y: t C-K^r-.i-^ ' . 'U ': - " - . •• *: C^-A^t^- -jgHT^-. +J — .-,10 ^. -rt' •4-> I flj I •os >>co ~a.. •tj ^' ^>-M- = £•- S -q.cd -^ ce cti^= w 00^ C £' VC-C . v a s oo cu . i.E'S^glJ 3 ^_i r- (U 3 C-a^j a> k> >^ cuMs^-^- -'aXffS "§ ^ •a> 3 • c > C.I O-B'B ~-£j= i! =• - CO >t|:°gg ai c? a ° QJ • 3'SS-C «-•« « ^llgi B- -a :a -S^-12-?! u ^ -."..-nd- *3 •-•? 1 :»%•-a' cjj g Jll' !! « oj j'^- 0 t •rr"-. • • S '>i cu C ^^ I, ouj"*~^ *^ QJ ,r ..',1 o c *^ ' o c ..£ rtH'-o-jS^•A->i J. V.: '*!• .. ^^, —,..QJ,::- .. .. . sC *rn^'^-g -«' . ; 3 ; ^—."-••etJ-rflj-.--^H*"* '-—-?^ •••:! . --. - -m S- i^.S^r5p,);;>^^:; i;g^^o'5l^^:H «;^g ^:s1i?isi^ J4..-S:°'^^ -^.fes.'Us^:^:.^-.^?* '-•:Br&&.:M^&3-&B,_;«:';t*l 'i ,..J IUKK. Tiaas, rriaay, 3 December which no strategic 'goals and only rnit|iscuie territorial gains IUH her section of the divided were .achieved by either side, iiand disputed area of Jammu both nations accepted a cease- •\ -.-,.'-':: ..- •; : r . '- •;l«-^- rl ' i7--V:. • ':l/J-irtt;'|;ilvT;-^. J Lji:(J?-l1j: }"'<.:'• .'^ r"':V;^'v' j'.J •'' '''-;- .-.' . i"..:'V -- ; Re ported Troop"D'eplp.ymehitsin Indiari^Rsikistani'Crisis 7 i 1 J : _ P ^'yj & ..'••''-.. •',; ;.,•- •• ,'- ,i)'-3i'':' j ' " ?"• •* i ' •* •"" ; :-;• t' / •••.•:,.'' ' . •• •• -^"^ ^^*^ f-strA (\Jrrjfvjfffi!lrr/ir'f^fv-iirf-fria-f~/iur<-tnn >'••.. r'.-'•'' :V i ~> •":- '. - .'":'-.. iC ' ; Pakistani troops u\ theSsast W^pu;tnufmBered. In tl«. Wesif%;rough balance Js repotted, j. - f the mountain divisions de- would be the plausible war ^j|c|liiW^ loyed along the Chinese bor- aims of either side and, espe- S fEtritorial gains er. Some1 sources believe that dally 'for Pakistan, how an i~£,«^,JV.vv.d by ei'ljef side, ) [•••the jpresfint-crisis and with other stalemate in the west JMiations -accepted a cease vinter snow'! beginning to close could be avoided. le'Himalayan, passes, this num- Some sources feel that the [f'a new general war breaks er'may have been reduced to only realistic Pakistani aims t it is almost certain to have he equivalent of about five, would be to try to capture the much 'more decisive .result vith the withdrawal of some Vale of Kashmir or to attack ir'.'tb' bring '' fundamental vhole'-units ahd'.bf 'individual nto Jammu and try to cut the inges to the subcontinent. ,.. lattalions from others. road from the Indian Punjab pne'reason is that India has The i Indian build-up on the ;o Kashmir, which would iso- i'de'; it unmistakably clear western border'may thus have ate Indian forces in Kashmir jt,ih-;a new war she would eached nine or more infantry and Ladakh. hch'a serious attack against divisions,' along with the ar- The Pakistanis attempted the it.-JPakistan. Most knowledg- mored division and other armor. second strategy in 1965 when e'''r6bservers believe that the This gives a rough parity to they attacked thinly-held Indi- iyihce is 'simply not defen- .he two sides in the west. If an positions in Jammu (signifi- le against such an attack. iast Pakistan fell quickly, India cantly, the Pakistani unit com- "Few armies have ever been ;ould dramatically reinforce her mander was the present Presi- la more untenable position," brces' -with troops from that dent, Agha Mohammad Yahya d one well-qualified observer irea. . ' Khan). But the advance had (b: declined to be identified;!''•• The Pakistanis, with about to be halted when India coun- Pakistan has the equivalent :,000-.tanks, have fewer than ter-attacked in the Punjab. ! about four divisions bf.'in- ndia,' and many of them are Today India has strong de- itry in East Pakistan;.----- 72,- )ld .Shermans and Chaffees of fenses in the area where the j- men. They are supported imited'utility. Their best tanks Pakistanis advanced in 1965. jy.'- weakly by fairly •: small, are''the American Patton—they Any Indian attack into Paki- its of old and. marginally have about 270—and the Chi- stani Punjab faces such physical Active tanks and oldi'.F-86 nese T-59i which'is a copy of barriers as the Ichhogil Canal brejets; which are outclassed the Russian T-54. in front of Lahore, which is [available Indian.aircraft." :•, 'the Indians als'o have many 90 to 120 feet wide and 15 f'the Pakistanis, were to put old and light tanks, but they feet deep, and across which £e; ,and.:: better, equipment lad about'450 Russian medium India failed to make a perma- 5 the:'.east, it,, is widely tanks and with new deliverie: nent bridgehead in 1965. ;eed,.-'they -would onlj?'risk may now.'h.ave 600. They also However, Indians visited ing' -it':.' :. •;",.'-.. ! laye'about 2.50 Vijayanta tanks many nations in Europe this 1 made, in-. Ind;ia. These are a spring in an attempt to buy I India's forces Stronger • modification of the British Cen- military bridging equipment. The.1 Indians .are b'eiieved to turion, but. they have an ex-! Some Indians, frustrated by feHrseyen' 'divisions —• vplus cellent high-Velocity 105-mm. past stalemates and cease-fires, ne.?'"i independent units^ gun that is gyro-stabilized and are undoubtedly anxious to sea'.;, arou'nd East Pakistan :hat can be fired while in mo- punish Pakistan in any new i^eV-eral; other divisibns are ion. war and to drive deeper into (liable'; i Two that are p'osi- The Pakistanis,.using Ameri- West Pakistan. : niediih 'Cooch Behar for:-de- :an armor, must also use If East Pakistan Fell . jsa/against Chinese forces in American doctrine and stop let'- i have been "turned to. fire. Logistics and other old prob- ; lems may limit the accomplish- tou-.to face the other way" India Strong in Air l:V-large part of a division ' merits of both sides. But the t'.'nas .kept peace in .the 'The Indians also appear to]critical situation in East Paki- - Christian Slmonplefrl—Gamma/Photorenorlers naye an edge in the air. Ac Stan suggests that a new war Ubled Naga Hills area has . Pakistani Gbyerninent'soldiers'yiewing an Indian soldier cording to Indian publications, would be a very different af- in withdrawn. : 1 killed recently, about fiye:.;{ihiies, inside East Pakistan. India has 625 combat aircraft air from the wars of the past. The .Indians also have su* to'270 for Pakistan. The Paki- If, as seems likely, East Pak- •ior.tank and airstrength in l ' V • , ' .,..:•• i, ^ ;, stanis have small numbers of istan, fell, it would be a stag- ieast. Each Indian; infantry TRe Indians .have..-always- general' outlines of'Indian-prep the High-performance Mirage III geringly important development JtgLon has a regiment, o("f beeeeni ; .stronger hUmerically;' but, a.rations are fairly clear. . figh'trer and the American )u't 45 tanks attached .to it; iri'-thg '1965 :war the .Pakistanis •'India' had until recently 1 in itself. It would also allow 1 F-104, but India has at least India to turn the full force bf JKe dilemma facing the Pakr full infantry divisions and I 120 MIG-21 supersonic fighters ler 828,000-man army toward bis, is thus considered stark, In the"' past s: mountain . divisions. There ar 1 and perhaps more. the west.-. A major attempt they do.- nothing, the tiori * has;,,.been s „ reports' that..this year she.be 1 ; In the 1965 war both sides could be made to thrust into ed '. pressure . of guerrillas tered and:'!lndia^Bg| ;an- to raise -one, or' two new I seemed to run out of momen- West Pakistan.' I Striked Indian intervention ..(vision's.-.She also has one ar tum quickly. By the cease-fire But even if the Indians y;Htyejl cause them to, lose more.. of more'd division, an independen itrpi' in. the eastefn'provirice. India claimed to have taken avoided such an attempt and 1 men.", armored .brigade,- other in 670 square miles of Pakistan accepted a Cease-fire in the tjva' , full-scale w.ar, observers . dependent, tank units .and .th and .admitted having lost 200 west, they would from then on ieye; will result in the irapid their' armqfed &,yi|for3stTf. nine tank regiments attached to in square miles of her own terri- have unquestioned military su- ^' of East Pakistan,, .which ' :. fan.try divisions. tory.1 Pakistan asserted that she periority over West Pakistan 1 then assume independent pendent armbred.psgacil'in the .The. mountain-divisions an had occupied 1,600 square and the balance of power in the tus. . v ' west,,. Two. infanft^l Divisions about equal to. regular division miles of India and had lost 450 subcontinent would be changed 'Tile Paks. may well go to ar.e on the. .deasf|fH;&{Jin,e inin; number of.infantry, but fhei : tn e : square miles. forever. r-.vfor,; emotional and bther Kashmir and .theo'r - . artillery is sma!ler''and the> No cities were captured, no The possibility of Chinese in- Jiave less of it. They'also hav. major communications lines tervention is one factor that 'l|ttle' armor. , were cut and no obvious war could alter the optimistic view ji'vln "norrnal" times India i aims were achieved. held by many Indians and en- jbfelieved to-keep seven to eigh However, the capabilities of dorsed by some independent both armies for sustained mo- observers." India hopes that her bile warfare are open to ques- new treaty with the Sovie Ipjoyments iii Iridiarir-pEikliltani'Crisis tion. India now manufactures Union will help forestall such a some of her own military sup- possibility. There is also a hope 'noo/eefuar/s ctbotttonecfivision plies, but some'sources believe that the winter snows would that stocks of fuel and am- prevent serious Chinese action. munition would last less than "The Indians," said one for- 60 days. Pakistan has even eigner, "are certainly going to graver logistic problems and want to get this whole mess probably could not fight all- cleaned |-up before the snow out,for as long. melts in the spring, just in A^-critical question is what Thfe'NEW Yofk.TimK/Dec. 3, 1971 . e outnumbered. In the West a.rough balance is reported. NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 5 December 1971 Hope Mingles With Cynicism as U.N. Council Meets had committed flagrant acts of By ERIC PACE served, "is make words, not about the disputed territory of peace." Jammu and Kashmir. aggression. Special to The New York Times But in 1965 India chose to UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., Dec. On this Saturday morning, On June 30, the two parties make the accusation in a letter 4—As the Security Council met no Secretariat employes corn- agreed on a cease-fire on the to the Council. on the"Indian-Pakistani "crisisJoined of working overtime. Rann of Kutch, but later, after No Direct Word From India diplomats and officials here ex-'One Northern European said, hostilities broke out in Kashmir In the present week of crisis, pressed mingled hope and syni- "We have a saying in my coun- in August—the Security Coun- qualified sources said that as cism as they recalled past try: 'If you work in a pharmacy, cil held 12 meetings about the of yesterday India had sent no United Nations efforts at snuff- you cannot be sure to get your dispute. communication directly to the ing out conflicts. sleep.'" Menon Reaction Recalled United Nations. The United States - delegate, This is apparently because As early as 1947, the world George Bush, looked as though Long-time United Nations this year India has taken the body showed that it could end he had had little sleep indeed, observers still delight in re- position that Pakistan is seek- a shooting war, in Indonesia, counting how the fiery Indian ing to "internationalize" the but the Italian delegate, Piero delegate, V. K. Krishna Menon, and in 1965 it cooled off a Vinci, was urbane in a blue 1 problem to advance her own border war between India and reacted when he noticed Sir blazer. Pierson Dixon of Britain scrib- interests. Pakistan, which, it was feared, Chinese diplomats, including In September, 1965, the Sec- might have drawn in Com- bling on a pad during a Menon Peking's regular' representative, speech. retary General reported to the! munist China. Huang Hua, appeared at the Security Council that the prob- "We accomplished something! The debate had gone on for Security Council offices after hours at that point and Mr. lem of Kashmir had become in 1965," one rumpled Secre- representatives of the other Menon's nerves were on edge. acute and represented a poten- tariat official said today as four permanent members, and "You could at least listen to tial threat to peace. delegates gathered for the their arrival caused sighs of re- my words," he said, "I've lis- That report almost paralleled Security Council session. "May- lief. tened to your boring speeches." Secretary General Thant's re- be we can do it again." Their membership is the main Later Mr. Menon seemed to port about the present Indian- Idealists here, and they are change since the Indian-Pakis- make an indirect apology by Pakistani situation, which was numerous, cited the organiza- tani crisis of 1965, which fol- praising the courtly Sir Dixon made public here this morning. tion's roles in stopping wars lowed 17 years of discord and before the Council. But other In 1965, the Security Coun- three times in the Middle East, frequent appearances of the members were amused to hear cil adopted-a resolution calling its quick response when South question in the Security Coun- Mr. Menon, apparently unre- for a Kashmir cease-fire, which Korea was invaded and its work cil. pentant, say in a stage whisper was effectively implemented. in the Congo and on Cyprus. During the first half of 1965, to an aide, "What else do I Many observers here have But its critics, and they are tension- rose, culminating in have to take back?" concluded that the United Na- numerous, cited its lack of suc- three weeks .of fighting over In a message in April, 1965, tions action was effective be- cess in framing enduring ac- the desolate Rann of Kutch. that was similar to yesterday's cause it provided a face-saving commodations for peace. During the period, both Gov- speech by the present Indian way out for the armies of both ' '"What ,we do best," one ernments sent a series of mes- Prime Minisler, Indira Gandhi, sides which, it is felt here, had young; '"Western' diplomat; .-;ob- sages to the Security Council India charged that Pakistan bogged down' in a stalemate. ,•..., . Tha New York Times/Dec. S, 1971 Black arrows on Inset map indicate areas where Indian troops were saiid to be driving into East Pakistan. Bomb bursts mark some of the targets reportedly attacked by i • Indian planes:, -White arrows point to areas where Pakistani -attacks .were reported. | NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 5 December 1971 '<%'* . .. -J.•-••••. - • •• ; :: : weak, truncated state. How West Pak- (the flow io Pakistan had been sii"s- of India's territorial integrity, was a tion of the Bengalis of East Pakistan desperate expedient was not clear at India vs; Pakistani istan's new supporter, Communist pended a little earlier), "Today we will jolt. They had, after all, regarded by the Punjabi-dominated West Pak- the week's end. In Rawalpindi, a China, might react to such,an'Indian do what is best in our national inter- India as a champion of reasoned in- istani regime; with the election of last Pakistan Government spokesman cainpaigit—and; how the Soviet '.Union, •• ests and not what these so-called big ternational settlement of disputes be- :> December in which the Awami League, charged that the fighting had been India's new ally, might react to a nations would like us to do ... we tween nations. the party of the Bengalis, won a triggered at noon Friday by an In- Chinese reaction—were questions that cannot forsake the country's territorial ., The retort Mrs. Gandhi hinted at national majority on a platform of dian Army attack at four points War! freighted the conflict with ominous integrity and sovereignty." was that in resorting to unilateral mil- autonomy for East Pakistan; with along the border, including the cease- overtones. Despite widespread criticism of the itary action, • the; Indians were only President Yahya's reaction in cancel- fire line in Kashmir. Mrs. Gandhi, In Washington Friday, after Mrs. tough crackdown by the West Paki- taking a-leaf out of the big powers' ing the election results and launching addressing Parliament again yester-' Gandhi's announcement of full-fledged stan Government in East Pakistan, book. The more deep-seated, and more a military action last spring in which day, called the accusation "totally war, State Department officials were there was also criticism of the course bitterly expressed, Indian reasoning tens-of thousands of'Bengali civilians baseless." The Indian version was described by one seasoned American chosen by India.. To some persons, •was that the United States and other are said by independent sources to that the attack was launched by the Neighbors observer as "scurrying around biting the spectacle of Jawaharlal Nehru's .countries- that were turning against have been killed so far and which Pakistani Air Force, which bombed their nails." Washington's aloofness daughter calling the .presence of Paki- .India in the crisis were "picking up has changed an autonomy move into and strafed forward Indian air bases from .the tragedy in East Pakistan in stani troops on Pakistani soil a threat the story from the middle." a popular revolt.', at 12 points. the. months when the brutal repression ; ; Last night, ground forces of each Take Up to her country, of Indian troogsjiriyad- \.:. The §tory.as,the Indians see'it be- Intervention iii East Pakistan has of the independence movement sent side were reported clashing in the nearly 10 million refugees streaming ing a sovereign neighbor in the'name gan with the long economic exploita- thus been justified in Indian eyes by a sense of political righteousness, no other's territory. into India—a policy bred partly out of For the Indian commander on the Washington's Irritation with India's less than by a desire to settle accounts with a dangerous and antagonistic eastern front, the development in the treaty with Russia, partly out of fear west was a signal for an offensive in ; "Our enemy has once again chal- of losing what remained of American neighbor and remove from India the India vs. Pakistan: Strength of the Two Sides heavy burden of caring for the Bengali East Pakistan. The commander, Lieut. lenged us," said, President Agha Mo- influence 'on Pakistan—had left the Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora, told a news ^hanun.a.d'Yahya Khan,.' in' a radio ad- United States with little influence with refugees. As Mrs. Gandhi put it in her Population radio' address: conference in Calucutta that his :! dress to his countrymen yesterday. either party in the conflict. ground and air units were on the ."India's government ;has launched a1 Yesterday the United States and "The courageous band of freedom • fighters [in East Pakistan] have been move, with the aim of forcing the !' nil-scale war on us. ...The time has others called for an urgent meeting surrender of the estimated 80,000 ''come for the heroic rnujdhids [follow- of the Security Council and Secretary staking 'their all in defense of the values for which we also have strug- West Pakistani troops hi the region. .:ers;o£ Islam] of Pakistan to give a of State.William P. Rogers expressed Reports from Dacca, capital of East ?! crushing reply. ..." ' ; hope that the council "could bring Pakistan 125 million gled. ... So today we fight [for] the basic ideals which have given strength Pakistan, told of Pakistani Sabrejets ;; "paJcistan," said Prime Minister In- about a cease-fire, withdrawal of and Indian MIGs tangling in dog- forces and an amelioration of the Air Force Planes to this country. . . ." ;...: meiit and'people firmly ^sup'port Mr Chljirmde^ his', remarks. the 'Pa'ftistahi ; Government 'and 'Age'nce France-Presse reported.] •people in their just struggle to "Recently, because of the defend their state sovereignty daily intensification of .India's and territorial integrity and oppose foreign aggression," Mr. subversion and aggression Chi added. against Pakistan, the tension on the subcontinent.-is becoming even more seriods and causing Awkward Time for China increasing .anxiety,'' Hsinhua, By TILLMAN DURDIN the Chinese firess agency, quot- . Special to The New York Times ed Mr. Chi as; having; sauL, HONG KONG; Dec. ' 4— The ij^flngthe.:,past>.fe\5f;, djays,, the war ..between India ' and ' • Pakis- Iridian,, Government;r supported tan :ih'ak: caught '^ "land iencburagedf-by social-impe- rialism and flagrantly disre- awkward time, in the opinion ship ioyal to Chairman Mao shifted from their posts is part garding Opposition by Pakistan of analysts here. Tse-tung. of a reshuffle that, combined , , , . . i Peking, it is believerd will This has. led to the purging with September's events, seems and condemnation by mterna-| find it dffficuit to give and a_pparently the death of tional opinion, has continued to' ful support to Pakistan at Lin Piao,' who had been Mr. certain to be causing uncertain- expand its armed aggression present despite China's close Mao's deputy and was to have ty and some disaffection among against Pakistan," he said, ac- ties with Islamabad and her been his eventual successor, the armed forces. cording to the agency. open sympathy for the Pakis- and who was in charge of the The Peking leadership, ana- Social-imperialism is the term! tani cause. armed forces as defense minis- lysts believe, is surely not eager j - l **1 * t *1 JmmiAnalystY OL.IsJ poinUU14.4Lt. VL4.Iout* thabiIM.bt therUUV-l et. ter and First Deputy Chairman to take the risk at this time of used by the Chinese to describe has just been confrontation of the party's Military Affairs resorting to military action that, the policies of the Soviet Union. appears to be continuing, Commission. would involve shifting troops Without referring to Prime; at a diminished level, between Military men all over the cies. Minister Indira Gandhi by, top military men in China and namo T\/fi» f^Mi wtfi r>*o-f- «*> Tn_ .-.•*«._, - ...... country who had close ties to name Mr Chi said that an In- |th^, communist party leader- Mr. Lin are reportedly being dian leader ^^-:"F?f''; : ' ' NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 5 December 1971 Quick Full Surrender of East Pakistan ——-—-—. +—... _ — .... Is Set as Objective of India's_toacers 'three areas where he had put ' However, authoritative infor- [troops in—the Hilli area in mation reaching Calcutta, from A Unified Command 'northwest East Pakistan, the diplomatic sources in Dacca Jessore area in the southwest said that the" Indian raids had and the area in the east bor- blown some "big holes" in the With Rebels Is Sought dering India's Tripura Terri- runway at the capital's main tory. airport. The general said that since These sources also reported SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG his moves so far were "pre- that the air raids started in the Special to The tfew York Times liminary," the fighting as yet pre-dawn hours and were still CALCUTTA, India, Dec. 4— over, .tne-TinontHs,, lndia;-fia-'d had not been major or "fierce." going on at 11 A.M. The city's The objective of India s land- steadily increased-, her. military But he described it as "good air-raid siren went off twice during the night, these sources and-air invasion of East Pak- assjtance to the Mukti Bahini istan is th„.._e ful. — ±Ml. UV4Jsurrende. i •— ilVH-rl of\J1 j Liberation Forces—the Ben- 'The Pakistanis have fought said, and the sound of anti- the Pakistani fnrrps tnprp nnrfi o_.*r • • the Pakistani forces there and saali1j » nhe saia Qd> "and u f I'm ver yy aircraft and small-arms fire the establishment of the in S > ? ° ' ? could be heard. The sources s urgent Bangla Desh (Benga to the point said they also heard a "big ex- Nation) Government, Indian plosion." weeks Indian pr vlded He sahe had no figures yet officials made clear today. the ° |on casualties on either ^ Cities Not Prune Objective "My aim is to make the bat __. , „—,.,, ,nuu ^az Pakistan armed forces sur- rl & he was making a major drive General Aurora was also render," Lieut. Gen. Ajit Singh Pakistan in "defensive actions. on Jessore — an extremely, asked if he intended to take Aurora, chief of the Eastern To Unify Commands strategic target because one of' Dacca and the other big cities. Command, said at a briefing the East Pakistani's three larg- "My aim," he said, "is not to for newsmen this morning, and General Aurora, bearded and est military cantonments is lo-j take a particular town but to "to get Bangla Desh to have turbaned in the traditional Sikh cated there. Jessore is less thani get the surrender of the Paki- manner, insisted that the Indian 15 air miles from the border, stani forces." their own type of government." Army had given no assistance General Aurora—relaxed and point. At Boyra, where the In-' Asked if he was "pleased" to the Mukti Bahini in the past, dian troops pushed in, General with the way the operation was confident though not cocky— but said his troops would now oing, the general said, "a sol- said that Indian Air Force jets link up with the insurgents and Aurora said his men had al- had launched attacks on sev- ready moved three miles in- f ier is always pleased to get a form "a unified command." ' chance to exercise his profes- eral Pakistani airfields in East The general conducted his sional skill." Pakistan, including the two in1 Asked about the Pakistani re- briefing in an army office in sistance, he said "it is really Like so many officers in the Dacca, the capital. Later Gov- downtown Calcutta, a city ; Indian Army, General Aurora ernment reports said that In- no more nor no less than it which—though it is only about was in the last two days." knows the enemy extremely dian planes had shot down 50 miles from the fighting— well from the days when they seven of the remaining 20 Paki- Other Eastern-Command of- is almost unnaturally oblivious ficials said that the drive from all served together in the Brit- stani jet fighters in East Paki- and relaxed. Calcutta's only ish Indian Army before the stan—4 near Dacca and 3 near Boyra, which started last night, concession to the war is the involved two brigades and 1947 partition. He said that Jessore. blackout that was imposed both the Pakistani President, The reports also listed 2 that a related push, about 25 beginning tonight. miles north, around Darsana, Agha Mohammad Yahy a Khan, "probables." i General Aurora — American-supplied F-86 Sabre! render of the Pakistan_ .....»„«.».>•i. trooptA I^-J^ksJ Troop Strength Undisclosed Pakistan Army chief of staff, jets. ! in EasFast Pakistan "a"==s• quickl*,,tniri,y, a-s- General Aurora, whose East- were classmates of his at the Air-and-Sea Blockade possible" and that' "the only ern-Command forces have been Indian military academy at limitation" the Government in position around the East Dehra Dun. The Government reports also had placed on the offensive Pakistan border for some time, "What kind of a man was said that an air-and-sea block- "is not to cause unnecessary declined to say how many In- Yahya?" a newsman asked. ade had been set up to prevent damage to the infrastructure of ; "He was a good officer," the the Pakistani troops in East dian troops were involved in Bangla Desh, which I think is the offensive. ?-, •'.-" general replied, "but I won't Pakistan from being resupplied quite right." say he's a .good President." or reinforced from West Paki- : The Indians are believed -to "Otherwise," he said, "how have had at least seven 'divi- stan—which is more than 1,000 far I go, what I consider an miles away across Indian ter- sions—plus some independent ritory. objective, where I fight, ha; units—poised around East Paki- been left up to me." stan. This would amount to The Indians ordered the in- The 54-year-old general, who vasion of East Pakistan in re-, more than 125,000 men. The was born in Jhelum in what general said the'Pakistanis had taliation for the reported sur-j is now West Pakistan, said that about 70,000 tp 80,000 troops prise attacks by Pakistani since the offensive began only inside East Pakistan. planes on Indian airfields last last night, after the Pakistani Asked about the Indian air night. Pakistan contends that air attacks, he had not made attacks, the general said the the Indians attacked first—ori any "major moves" yet on the Indian jets, which he said were the ground along the border ^ground. " H^^e uuit* .Lit waa with West Pakistan. he was British Hunters, had raided the putting large numbers of troops two airfields at Dacca and The Indian invasion is the into East Pakistan—"a brigade 'have .also visited other air- climax of eight months of bor- group here, a brigade there," fields because they are looking der 'tension that began March w—to get ready for some jfor aircraft." 25, when Pakistan's troops big pushes, which he indicated He added that "we are not .tried; tp crush, the Bengali au- would take place over the next .trying, to attack runways, itohp.rny. Movement, • which ha'd. two or three days. which are repaired so quickly jwqfj'-a national majority\in last He gave few details about there is no point in damaging :yea£s elections. , : ,;.'^ his plans except to mention them.". Vv.;-:",i'^;;;;5:-;'- "'•''-. ounuay, BOTH SIBES CM/M GROUND\ GA -IftiS^s r '?*^-'^ "' ers of Eas -™e Xltho Government of Pakistan. "fierce" IOREAIRS with no sdgnificantfmafp in some !the over-all situation. In the last two weeks Indian it was c In the west fighting was re- lupport of the guerrillas in East of the I ported all the way from Poonch "akistan has been expanded to bee Jin Kashmir south to the Indian Forces Are Said to Be include localized but sizable concede Pakistanis Report 11 state of Rajasthan, southeast of jenetration of East Pakistan by Calcutti Karachi. Indian regular forces. had be Enemy Bases Are Life in Rawalpindi seemed Trying to Overrun The war expanded yesterday around nearly normal, the streets filled ;o the West Pakistan border. be rede with civilian] traffic. Eastern Region India charges that Pakistan be- large o Being Bombed' The v United States Embassy gan the new phase with coor- The ) advised American residents of dinated and repeated air strikes ber th West Pakistan not to drive m Indian airfields and with seven < By MALCOLM W. BROWNE around the country or to neigh-i By CHARLES MOHR ground thrusts. East PE boring Afghanistan. Special to The New Yorli TUaci Pakistan charges that India Spefllal to The New York Times began the western fighting with reinfon The targets of • thfe Indian NEW DELHI, Dec. 4— Indian Becai RAWALPINDI, Pakistan, Dec. raids in thejKarachi area were 1 major ground assaults. !4-rWhiIe nearly; continuous air said to have; been the military officials' said today that they Indian spokesmen said to- terlacet airport and $ie harbor.. ^,.. had mounted a major offensive night that in 24 hours of com- rivers, lighting between Pakistan and ly to b India was reported in progress,. There were unconfirmed re- to overrun East Pakistan while bat 19 Pakistani warplanes had o'f'Inafan-air attacks.! Indian forces fought to contain been destroyed in the west and observe Pakistan asserted today -u^i -. • 14 in the East. They said that problen ground forces had selz two major ground attacks from pnly a few Pakistani F-86. Sabre fact th nificant territory" in f West Pakistan. jets were still operating in the able to An army spakesman, The Indian Parliament, in a ast. stan gs special meeting, enthusiastically Also, Pakistani forces had haifeS~a, 11 Indian Planes Lost correct ~ ~^...~m jfe^afliase approved of Prime Minister In- thrust into West Pakistan that) India said she had lost six war- soon utssfti-ii -thel frequent'alert si*! dira Gandhi's military action India was said to have started rens and pub]|e curiosity at the} planes in the west and five in India i yesterday. He said that Pakistani sight of occasional Indian against 'Pakistan and gave her the east. Because she had under- strikes forces 'had advanced jnto India planes over ' Pakistani cities, emergency powers to conduct taken many daylight attacks on aerial • in the Sialkot sector, which is there has bee& no suggestion of the war. "heavily defended" Pakistani destroj panic. ' I ' ' India and Pakistan made con- air bases, a spokesman said, lost f near the Kashmiri border: , these losses "should be consid- Most Pakistani • civilians! flicting and optimistic state- be Hut An air force spokesman saidj quickly adapted themselves to| ered moderate." Defe [Pakistani planes were carrying the ajr raids Jand even civilian- ments about the progress of the "i can tell you thait no holds Ram t( out repeated raids on 11 I cars have been decorated with fighting. However, a pattern are barred," said a senior In- this a ' ijt u| V/iew ,three branches or mud camou- could be discerned 'from the dian official. "Since the early brigadi flage, ; reports: , hours of this morning Indian Pakisti 'QSQtj 'spo s forces have been and are being Most Pakistanis here seemed UPlanes of both nations ported s| to believe thai; the "fighting will [inducted into Bangla Desh [the artillei l }soiu eqi ui ssoajd i be oyer in a; fortnight." struck repeatedly in an attempt Indian and guerrilla name for troops to cripple enemy air strength East Pakistan.]" enbpn » psuBisap SBij •' - . ~T ', ;-•- • wala •uoniAsy rs>toot GUIUSAS p) Yahya Vows to Crush Foe 'and gain air superiority. In;:tfae "He said Indian commander; Punjal L oast, India seemed to be close. ,.i5Bl been "instructed to move!,' He jo] pajj&o s.ieqM AIJOEXS KARAQHI; Pakistan, Nov. 4 ,ifl and to establish contact with.! nnP),^' President Agha. Mo- to that goal. In the viet, toi act in concert' with" the hairftned ' Yahya Khari accused neither, .air force seemed t< '• gjjprillas. : India t&Ia"y icjf having ilaunched hurt.. ' Complete Surrender Sought ' a jull-scale ^irar and- told his fl'pie; ^ndian strategy on Pakistani- countrymen it was ground was to concentrate i P&ieut. Gen. Ajit Singh Au- ^time "to giv^ a crushing repjy rora> commander of India's on the conquest of East ;ern forces, said his aim stan and to sever it politicly1 to force complete sur- and permanently from the V^st. ider of Pakistani forces in i Along > the West Paki#aa ., it Pakistan. In New Delhi the senior offi- ie s . , border,, Indian forces for jfiiQ; said that it was correct to I is with; us in jour mission." time being were eppare^t^?'; Assume that India's plan was ; "Our enemy has once again trying to contain Pakistan^' [to- -stage a major offensive in i challenged us*-India's Govern- : forces. India -admitted losing the east while containing Imefit has launched a full-scale enemy atttacks from West "sOnjie ground" in a Pakistani Pakistan. I war on us," hfe said. ass^ul^ ijoj8i?.$h&'i JBjHijaij border Speaking in Urdu, although Indjan., officials/ .^ he normally addresses the na-. ""' the president and eftaiity-T hnowi? av -•• '-• ation's; 'or ed at cutting ,^ie Kashmir high- individual powers until Paki- way-Mhad been witWsiood, In- stani control of the eastern ' Inrovince had crumbled. L971 takejflicted heavy casualties on the war brought little apparent! 'enemy, but that "we have also change or alarm to life in New iougft brisK had casualties and lost some|Delhi. of Pakistan. fierce" fightin ground." India has not formally dA in some areas O Mr. Ram said that Pakistani clared war on Pakistan, b« In the last two weeks'Indianlit was clear that troops "in great strength sup- Mrs. Gandhi has called tn| support of the guerrillas in East| ported by armor and artillery Pakistan has been expanded to,ot the Indian fighting a/full-scale war." lyet'been felt are engaged in severe fightingj Parliament today quickly include localized but sizable, 30 miles west of Aknoor [an e Said to Be penetration of East Pakistan by conceded to passed the Defense of India 'Calcutta that Ind&fil Indian town in the Jammu re- Bill, giving the Government, Indian regular forces. gion]." o Overrun The war expanded yesterday)had been disp and Mrs. Gandhi sweeping around East Paki "We have already inflicted emergency powers, including to the West Pakistan border. heavy casualties, including six India charges that Pakistan be- be redeployed in c&$centrated, the right to detain suspected n Region large offensive fofmaSoiis. enemy tanks which were seen subversives for up to two years. gan the new phase with cpor- burning," he said. dinated and repeated air strikes The Indians already .^piitnuni' Mrs. GandM was repeatedly on Indian airfields and with ber the Pakistani by about Scene of 1965 Fighting applauded by members of all tLES MOHR ground thrusts. seven divisions to four in the In,the 1965 war, Pakistan 'at-:parties when she recounted .the e New Yort Tlmei Pakistan charges that India East Pakistani area and Indian 'tacked in this same area aild Indian air, and -ground strikes I, Dec. 4—Indian began the western fighting with reinforcements are likely. 'drove, .to - within six miles. the "wanton attack by Because East Pakistan is in- .Pakistan on several Indian today that they major ground assaults. Aknooi;, The aim then—'.and Indian spokesmen said: to- terlaced with hundreds of probably now — was to seize airfields and ground forces." a major offensive night that in 24 hours of Com- rivers, the Indians are not like: the town of Jammu and cut the In normal times, opposition st Pakistan while bat 19 Pakistani warplanes; had ly to'be able to move rapidly,jvital highway from the Punjab' parties 'always fought Govern- fought to contain been destroyed in the west! and observers'. said. However, this to the Vale of Kashmir. ment moves for emergency I mnd attacks from 14 in the East. They said:that problem may be offset by the Lieut. Gen. K. P. Candeth,. the powers, saying that they would \ i. only a lew Pakistani F-86. Sabrejfact that Pakistan may not be commander in the west, said at be used by Dhe ruling party to| jets were still operating in the able to resupply her East Paki- Jullundur that a total of 12 its own advantage. Parliament, in a east. stan garrison. For example, under the rules ig, enthusiastically Pakistani tanks haft been 11 Indian Planes Lost Also, if Indian reports are knocked out alon|"the western'the Government can muffle all 'rime Minister In- correct, Pakistani troops may front. 'criticism by banning a political India said she had lost six war- soon be without air cover/ "We were on the defensive 'party or imposing censorship on ; military action planes in the west and five in tan and gave her India said that in a series of yesterday but gave heavy blows newspapers. It can also round the east. Because she had under- strikes on airfields and in to the enemy," he said. up people without having to jwers to conduct taken many daylight attacks on aerial combat today her planes He said there had also been 'substantiate charges in court. "heavily defended" Pakistani 'destroyed 10 Sabre jets. India "severe" attacks in the Poonch Today, the Opposition de- akistan made con- air bases, a spokesman said, lost five planes believed to area of Kashmir, tie called the manded a time limit for the optimistic state- these losses "should be consid- be Hunters, reports said. attack in> the Punjab hear Hus-rules, made the Government he progress of the ered moderate." Defense Minister "Jagjivan sainiwalai "massive;" promise that it would not re- "i can tell you that no holds Ram told the Indian Parliament New Delhi and other North tain the special powers, "even vever, a pattern are barred," said a senior In- this afternoon that about a 'Indian cities are blacked out,:|'a day longer than needed." icerned 'from the dian official. "Since the early brigade (about 2,900 men) of At 6:50 P.M. sirens wailed ah During the emergency period hours of this morning Indian Pakistani infantrymen, sup- air alert in New : Delhi whenjthe Government uses the spe- >f both natons forces have been and are being ported by planes, tanks and two Pakistani jets were report- 'cial powers to take over private sdly in an atte iipt inducted into Bangla Desh [the artillery, "are attacking pur ed tq have flown toward Palam vehicles for troop movements, Indian and guerrilla name for troops in th0 area of Hussaini- Airport. India said h&...r ___Ai_r arresit suspected spies or food lemy air strei giii E,ast Pakistan.]" ' wala and Ferezpore" in the Farce chased off the enemy|hoarders and prevent activities; superiority. In .the He said Indian commanders Punjab. planes. that it considers antinational or 3emed to be c ose d been "instructed to move' He said that India had ih- Except for the blackout, the threat to security. il. In the west, jfi and to establish contact with! )rce seemed tc fee ijid act hi concert' with" the t. ; fjuftrrillas. , • •.; in strategy on tfta . Surrender Sought ' o concentrate: ifstr Gen. Ajjt Singh.Au- commander of India's iest'of East Piid-' forces, said his aim sever it politic ijljr to force complete sur- ntly from the vJests- of Pakistani forces in le West Pakistatt- st Pakistan. an forces .forl|hi|f RJfti New Delhi the senior offi- were apparefpjil: £pl;said that it was correct to : psstime that India's plan was contain . Pakisttni? to,* stage a major offensive in i -admitted losing the east while containing id" in a.Pakistani enemy atttacks from" West Pakistan. border ,Indi • the"Kashttiir high- individual powers until Paki-| Life in Rawalpindi seemed luuvenun The war expanded yesterday .round E Erterny Bases Are pearly normal, the streets filled (to the West Pakistan border; with civilian traffic. Eastern Region India charges that Pakistan be^ large offe Being Bombed • The-, United States Embassy gan the new phase with coor- The In^ advised American residents of dinated and repeated air strikes ber the Wsst Pakistan not to drive .on Indian airfields and with seven diy By MALCOLM W. BROWNE ;arbund th'e country or to neigh- By CHARLES IrtOHR [ground thrusts. East Pakii boring Afghanistan. ' Sfieolal to The New Yuri T?lmei Pakistan charges that India •einforcen Spuclalto The New York'Tlme* 1 began the western fighting with The targets of the Indian NEW DELHI, Dec. 4—Indian Because RAWALPINDI; Pakistan, Dec. raids irt the Karachi area were major ground assaults. 4-rWhiIe nearly continuous air said to have been the military; officials said today that they Indian spokesmen said to- terlaced had mounted a major offensive night that in 24 hours of com* i rivers, th( fighting between Pakistan and airport and the:harbor. .„•- ly to be India was reported in progress There wgue: utieonfjrmecl to overrun East Pakistan while bat 19 Pakistani warplanes had pbrt^^sfl^i|ig}ii|Ka' "" Indian forces fought to contain been destroyed in the west and observers Pakistan asserted today that.her 14 in the East. They said that problem i ground forces had seize4 "s%- two major ground attacks from only a few Pakistani F-86, Sabre fact that nificant territory" in !ndfft..£ i.,;- West Pakistan. jets were still operating in the able to re An army spokesman Said that The Indian Parliament, in ft east. stan garr. special meeting, enthusiastically Also, i Pakistani forces had halted 11 Indian Planes Lost correct, 3 thrust into West Pakistan approved of Prime Minister In- India said she had lost six war- soon be dira Gandhi's military action India was said to have started Despite the~frec}uenf itlert sif:! lanes in the west and five in India sai ; against -Pakistan and gave her :he east. Because, she had under- : strikes < yesterday. He said that Pakistan rens and public, curiosit_y at th • During the procedural wrang- 4. Calls upon the Goytrn- ling 'over whether r<'pr>'- ments of India and Pakistan lAwa (, sentatives of Bangla Desii and others concerned to ex- should be heard, President Tay- ert their best efforts toward !lor-Kamara, no stickler for pro- the creation of a climate con- jtocol, referred once to Mr. ducive to the voluntary re- f-r ire i Malik as "the distinguished turn of refugees to East Pak- 'representative -of Russia," istan; . rather than of the Soviet 5. Calls upon all states to re- By HENRY TANNER Union. , , frain from any action that Special to The New York TlfflM would endanger the peace in :i : UNITED NATIONS, N, Y., ruled that the issue of ran?; ' 'Mr. Malik, growing redd? in the area; ; [the-face than usual, broki in 6. Invites the-Governments of Dec. 4—The Security Council vitation to the Bangla pe'sh, or "Bengal Nation," be deferred] i and said, "I should like to mke India and Pakistan to respond met in an emergency session 'an amendment—Soviet Unici," affirmatively to the proposal of :until after Pakistan and India tonight and heard India and ;as onlookers laughed. the Secretary General offering Pakistan accuse each other of had spoken. i ; Mr. Taylor-Kamara was sv- good offices to secure and The procedural wrangling eral times prodded in the site maintain peace in the subcon- 'armed aggression. tinent: The meeting, hastily -called lasted' more than an hour and [and forearm by the pccupantof y?as ..ende,d; Qnl,y,, after the dele- the adjoining council seat, Lej- 7. Requests the Secretary during the day, was also marked, :! ; ii 49t nid Kutakov, the sole Sovi:t General to report to the Se- by a clash between the' Soviet Under Secretary General of tie curity Council as soon as possi- Union and China over whether 'gate of Somalia, Abdulrahim I nited Nations. ble on the implementation of to invite representatives of the A. Farah, reminded the dele- | Mr. Kutakov's purpose ap- this resolution. peared to be to get Mr. Taylor- secessionist Bangla Desh move- gates that people were dying' Kamara to give Mr. Malik the ment of East Pakistan to ad- on , the Indian subcontinent floor again. But the President, dress the Council. . while the Council was quarrel- a good-humored man, ignored ing; :•- the prodding on several oc- The conflict between the two' India, and Pakistan, which Conimunist powers was ex- casions, humming imperturb- 'are not members of the Coun- abl'y into the open microphone. pected to, become a dominant cil, were then asked to take China's permanent delegate, feature of .the session. China, their' seats at opposite ends of Huang Hua, spoke sharply in has consistently backed • Paki- the big Council table, which opposition to letting Bangla stan, and the Soviet.Union has forms an incomplete circle. Desh representatives appear. Agha, Shahi of Pakistan, a close treaty ties with-India. 1 -Speaking in Chinese, Mr. small figure in a dark suit Huang said that to let "repre- Issue Deferred wearing horn-rimmed glasses, sentatives of the rebellious ele- George Bush of the United was invited to speak first. Read- ments in East Pakistan partici- ing .from a 38-page text, he States, .who 'was one of the pate in the deliberations would Charged that India had "launched be tantamount to asking the 'first speakers -in the debate, an afraid attack to break up" j Security Council to interfere in submitted a draft resolution Pakistani. the internal affairs of a-state." calling for an immediate cessa- Thi'sifwas a unique situation He argued that this would be in Ition of hostilities and with- in 'ihe 'history of the United violation of provisions of the Nations, Mr. Shahi said. He United. Nations Charter. drawal of Indian and Pakistani added that never before had armed forces to their own a member country tried to dis- TEXT OF U.S. PROPOSAL side of the border. , : member another member coun- • The American :drafl resolution try by - such open "classical UNITED NATIONS, N. Y. | also called for the stationing of ;rrreans'; of aggression." Dec. 4—FoHowing is the text a'United Nation's observer force- I "Pakistan could not abdicate of a draft resolution of the .along the Indian-Pakistan bor-1 its right to make appropriate India-Pakistan conflict sub- cplmtetrnoves," the delegate mitted by the United States der. The draft made it 'clear told 'tHetCouncil members,- and that the force would be dis- in the Security Council heC-aiiaed: "It is now for the tonight: ,patched by Secretary. General Security* Council to find the The Security Council, hav- iThant only if, both India and i-meajis to make India desist." ' .i Smafc'Sen, the. delegate from1 ing heard the statements of Pakistan requested it. v—*-— ' HMnnirmrr /^oml^r a Ironst. the representatives of India The Council's President, 1sI's-- India, .-speaking camly, almost and Pakistan, convinced that mael Tavlor Kamara nf Siprrp. casually, retorted that the root maei laylor-Kamara -of Sierre caugg 6f the,tension on the In_ hostilities along the India- T "ii-"* ' ~'' ' tcLUOC ui i,iJ.t- H^AO-IS-.** „„. Lepne, after a series of some- dian. subcontinent was the Pakistan border constitute pSmes^.rh^m^ous, . sometimes Pakistani Government's cam- an immediate threat to inter- ; national peace and security. |Barbed,^excrianges""wJtK : Yako ; y paign of "genocide" against the 1. Calls upon the Govern- """ " " - • • •'":;- population ,of East Pakistan. FthV So'viet-Union, Mr. Sen,'the meaning of his ments of India and Pakistan wo'Ms Belying/; the moderate to take all steps required for time of iliis .^cp'ee, .dharged that an immediate cessation of ;Pakista|l sojcffers had conduct- hostilities; edv.a'''^yst.^rniatic campaign of 2. Calls for an immediate rape" Ito: humiliate ittie East withdrawal of armed person- Pakistani population. He added: nel present on the .territory "JVe^shiEill island by [the East of the other to their own. Eakistariis] as long as we have sides of the India-Pakistan any -light of civilized behavior borders; '".•'•us'." •' 3. Authorize the' Secretary I .'-Mr^-S'en -said that it was the General, at .the request of the Government of India or Pak- |:Pakis.tani Government that first p exacerbated military : tensions! istan, to place observers 1 pnL'.ithej^borderV-U^-;uitc.^.uyi. wv^i-su betweeni,~*,, India. along' the India-Pakistan bor- •^- -^ --I- i'iL l_:^j.^^ .:.u^T VanXiirncr Palfli«« der to report on the imple- •and\l*a:tistan::byf'Sending PaMs-^ ]feri%;§)lagesijis't(J ">iattacfc,'^ pur /imentation of ._the cease-fire -Oiijes/f^', '£$. "-yC' .;", -,';;.'':•, 7:^: • and-trpp; p -wlthdrawals;:dikw- NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 5 December 1971 deliberations in Washington ... why he. appeared toj Mr. 'Rogers said the;-deeisipn ^'J/icefisuring India and had had been made because th« >niade- no mention1 of Pakistani "deteriorating" situation p'osec bombing raids on Indian tar- a threat to international peace gets, Mr. Ziegler 'replied: "The and security. situation in reports coming out Charles W. Bray 3d, State of the area is confused. We can Department spokesmen, reac refer to the Indian action both the announcement and said that by the events and the state- Start of the Crisis Is Laid to the United States hoped that ments of the Indian Govern- the Security Council could take ment." Pakistan but Widening Is prompt action on steps to.,bring In ascribing to India the about a cease-fire and -.with- Ascribed to New Delhi ; principal blame for the broad- drawal of forces. . ening of the crisis, high State Senator Mike Mansfield 6: Department officials conceded Montana, .the Senate majority that their efforts at private By BENJAMIN WELLES leader, criticized the_ Adminis. diplomacy in recent months had Special to The New York Times tration's "foot-dragging." not been successful. . At the WASHINGTON, Dec. -4 —A "We should have gone to the same time they suggested that senior State Department offi-. \U.N. two weeks ago," he said the Administration, in referring V'lt was the only political action the crisis to the Security Coun- oial said today that "India possible." cil, would try to pursue in bears the major responsibility Mr. Mansfield said President public the same course that it for the broader hostilities" that Nixon's friendship with Presi- had been following in private. have broken, out between Pak- dent Agha Mphammmad Yahya In asserting that the United istan^.and India. Khan of Pakistan was a possi- States had not received "mini- ble explanation for the belated mal" cooperation from India, The official, speaking at a United States recourse to the United States officials said that special news briefing at the .world organization. India had given direct support State Department, said, how- Ronald L. Ziegler, White to Bengali guerrillas in cross- ever, that "the beginning of House spokesman, said this ing the Indian-East Pakistani morning in a briefing at Key border, had provided a sub- the crisis can fairly be said to stantial training program for be the use of force, by Pak- Biscayne, Fla., where President Nixon is spending the weekend, guerrillas and had repeatedly istan. .,.,'„ that Mr. Nixon had been con- blocked United Natons efforts "We believe," -said the offi- sulting extensively by tele- to send observers to the border. cial, who refused "to be identi- phone last night and today on They said that India had re- the Indian-Pakistani situation fused the good offices of Secre- fied, "that since the beginning ; tary General That of the United of the crisis Indian policy, in a with Henry A. Kissinger, his Nations and had also refused national security adviser. Mr. United States requests that systematic way, has led to the Kissinger is at the White perpetuation of the crisis, a : India urge the guerrillas not to House. attack United Nations ships deepening of the crisis, and that Mr. Kissinger has 'been pre- and trucks carrying • relief India bears the major respon- siding over meetings here of supplies. sibility for the broader hostili- the Washington Special Action The United States tried to ties that have ensued." Group, made up of senior Goyr induce both India and Pakistan eminent officials. to accept a withdrawal of their The briefing was called as "The President, of course, is military forces, the officials the United States announced concerned about the deteriorat- said, but India demurred. that it had joined in requesting ing situation .in South Asia," During and since Prime Minis- an emergency session, of the Mr. Ziegler said. "In the phone ter Indira Gandhi's recent visit United Nations Security Coun- conversations yesterday and here, they said, President Nixon cil to discuss the India-Pak- this morning with Dr. kissinger and other officials informed he instructed him that this ac- her that her that the Pakistan istani fighting. tion be taken." Government would withdraw The United States decision, In what appeared to be, a re- its-forces if it could be assured .announced, .by: Secretary of buke to India, Mr. Ziegler that India * also would.,. But State William P. Rogers," fol- said: "The U. S. cannot help India declned, they said.. lowed but look with anything but d|.s.- : may; at •. the movement -'of miii-. tary • forces across borders. India has:'.launched an.' exten- sive•' movement of .forces JritoJ East;-Pakistan." - ,! NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 5 December 1971 The remark of the Indian commartder in East Pakistan yesterday'that there had been "good" fighting1 between Indian'arid; Pakistani forces oft the embattled subcon- tinent is illustrative-of the military mania that has seized both sictes.: . "..: . '.''.'•'•' Thisi.tragic cbnflict can bring' no good'to anybody. This includes the .cruelly /oppressed East Pakistaniswhose struggle, for total independence can only open up a Pandqra'* 3ox of new troubles for :the, people of ^Eoflgia Desh" and for India as well as for the short- sighted military regime.in Islamabad. • War.Tyill,bring fresh misery to the .impoverished one- fifth of inankind'tnat- crowds /the. Indian subcontinent, retarding i'desperate development efforts in both India and "Pakistan.. It will .generate, unpredictable repercus- sions that could seriously affect the sticial and political life of both countries and the peace of the world. Washington's call with others for a Security Council meeting yesterday represented welcome though tragi- cally tardy recognition of these dangers and of the essential role of the United Nations in restoring and maintaining peace. For months the United States resorted to ineffectual secret diplomacy: that bypassed and served to paralyze the world organization. The Nixon Admin- istration adopted arpublic postureof mock even-handed- ness which had the effect of exacerbating the India- Pakistan conflict; It ignored the fundamental threat to India posed by Yahya Khan's harsh repression in East Pakistan. - "; ;;- ••' ^-'- '• '•;' •/ :- '• • - ' '• .Thfe United States Government is still side-stepping this| central issue and is respon f^w^'r ^|S?;^;.. in Asia pose¥*23jjireat toin- ';erjiational peice and secu-r Jstan: asks Security Comwtl rity," the; Secretary ex- pressed the hope that the Council "can take prompt to make India halt 'aggression' . action on steps which could bring about a ceasefire, By Darius S. Jhabvala withdrawal of forces and Globe Washington Bureau will not be capitulation by Pakistan;" an amelioration of the pre- T-l UNITED STATES - The govern Prior to the Pakistani speech, the sent threatj to international ment of Pakistan yesterday L^d e" Council decided not to invite at the peace and security." first session the representatives of Taylor-Kamara called the BengJa Desh movement. the UN Council session S&^isss after Argentina, Belgium, Despite repeated pleadings by Britain, Burundi, Italy, A nbassador S? th ' *akov Malik Japan, Nicaragua, Somalia that the Council "hear all relevant and the United States information" concerning the India- Pakistan situation, the majority de- asked for the meeting. S is FaMstani Ambassador Sd;^ ^ . r^ed, :i ^, .- -afic (aat we wali l not surrende; c r -d against issuance of the AgHa Shahi said he ex- •••—n-, tomorrow,, may bring,;it pected the Council to order a complete cease fire and Chine s'.e Ambassador. troop withdrawal. Huang Hua firmly opposed Shahi said the US had the Soviet suggestion. He initiated . a resolution: <;all said, that an invitation to for a ceasefire and with- hear the Bengla Desh drawal although it might spokesman ''is '"tantamount be put forward by other to gross interference in the members at the Council internal affairs of a mem- meeting. . • ber state." Shahi' and Indian UN Ambassador Samar Sen The leading -spokesman are expected to take part in in the US of the Bengla the debate before any vote Desh, Abu Saeed Chowd- : is taken. -..-'• hury, former chief: justice Shortly before the start of East Pakistan, wrote of the meeting, ailing Sec- Council president Ismael retary-General U Thant, at Taylor Kamara of Sierra home recovering from a Leone, shortly after the "immediate and urgent bleeding ulcer, said' he meeting" requested by the would release the texts of United States 'and eight messages he had received other delegations was an- from Pakistani President nounced. Yahya Khan and Indian prime Minister Indira Gan- Chowdhury claimed that dhi. "the freedom fighters con- . trol a substantial. portion of A UN spokesman said a Bengla Desh" and the real report by U Thant based on information received by issue before the council is 1 not the war between India the UN chief military obf,, and Pakistan but between' server for India and Paki-/ Pakistan and Bengla Desh. stan, would be'presented-ofco The United States is ex-' \ the Council. • • •-.-•-.*; pected to ask the Council to Taylor-Kamara began approve an order calling on , consultations witJh Council the parties to halt hostili- members as soon as he re- ties. ceived the request. The re- : In the Administration's : quest came after extensive view, the war is the most which recessed at midnight immediate : ••.-. problem • and Friday and resumed again the world body has to act- yesterday morning. to defuse, it..' An .initial difficulty in That approach was clear getting ;the UN to take up from the statement issued the dispute was the appar- by Secretary of State Wil- nt.,. reluctance of either liam -P. -Rpgers 'yesterday ' '-'" ^ morning. ^f^gtiitig, /that,.:; .the initiative. . '4teei deterioj^gig. situation •- NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 6 December 1971 ily defendedsand;befesiuse India: iwanted to: minjrriize.i'casualties. tack any neutral ships found in on both . sides.'?; : Presiding in a Crisis Ismael Byne Taylor-Kamara By ERIC PACE Special to Th* New York Times UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., was a minor chief of the Dec. 5—"I had not done this Temne tribe, which is one of sort of job before, and here the two most powerful of I found myself President of Sierra Leone's 13 tribes. the Security Council," Ismael "The Temne are warlike Byne Taylor-Kamara observed and stubborn and famous for today. He grinned at an aide their oratory," Mr. Taylor- and said,' "Well, we do our Kamara said in a conver- best." sation outside his office to- The Council debate on the day—"just like the Romans." Indian - Pakistani The chief's name was Mo- Man crisis has been moh Kamara. He was a con- a time of testing tractor who provided soldiers in the for Mr. Taylor- with clothing as well as News Kamara, a Brit- bread. He took the name ish-trained law- Taylor and the delegate still yer who came here as Sierra uses it coupled with his tri- Leone's chief delegate only bal name. II weeks ago. But in presid- The Kamaras were Moslems, The New York Times ing over hours of wrangling but the chief sent young Is- Good-humored, strong- and rhetoric, Mr. Taylor-Ka- mael to a Methodist second- willed, unflappable. jsgjara has proved good-hu- ary school and then to Fou- (Mr. Taylor-Kamara ~COTL- ijnjbted, strong-willed — and rah Bay College in Freetown, , ducting Security Council.)1^ t||iif'prisingly unflappable. the capital. ^;l|Some ambassadors chafe Fourah Bay College, : Sjiitthis inexperience as a dip- founded in 1827, is the area's Despite his newness, Mr> - PlQ&at, but he has quickly oldest institution of higher Taylor-Kamara said, "I enjoy ^become a favorite of the education. It added luster to the company of my col- ' *:'Cj^-ii - . - the sophisticated Creole so- leagues here—and the issues "' ?' ::Mr. Taylor-Kamara, a burly ciety that grew up in Free- which come up; it's a most f man who is 58 years old, is town as the British landed | serving for one month in the freed slaves there in the 19th unique position." 'y) century. Mr. Taylor-Kamara, a soc'- : !' normal rotation of the Secu- cer player in his student', I rity Council presidency. He Becomes a Civil Servant ; 1 days, played some tennis the seemed to use a jolly voice After graduating, Mr. Tay- other day and said his mus-s yesterday in riposte to a dig lor-Kamara taught school for : cles still felt stiff whent jh|| , from the Soviet Ambassador, six years and then entered sat down at yesterday'^ Yakov A. Malik. the Sierra Leone civil service opening session of trie Indiaii-v . After Mr. Malik, objected to in 1937. He had risen to the Pakistani debate. «;:;>} his calling the Soviet Union resonant rank of African As- Mr. Taylor-Kamara's wiifep "Russia," Mr. Taylor-Kamara sistant Colonial Secretary-in- the former. Lois Bull, Kas-1 referred cheerfully to the Training by the end of World joined him in New York City. "Soviet—heh-heh—Union."" War II. In 1946 he went to She is a member of the But at today's meeting, Britain to study law at.Lin- Mende tribe, the other most Mr. Taylor-Kamara remarked colri's Inn. powerful tribe in Sierra on an earlier report of the Four years later Mr. Tay- Leone. exchange. With ambassado- lor-Kamara returned to Si- rial poise he observed that erra Leone and began a The 11 Taylor-Kamara chil- Mr. Malik was "a very able career as a, lawyer. He be- dren are widely scattered. and experienced diplomat came a member of the Sierra Three are in a boarding whose views I respect con- Leone Parliament in 1957 school in Sussex, England. A siderably." daughter, in Sierra Leone, and took part in negotiations has her B.A. in history. A son Poise comes naturally to that preceded Sierra Leone's has followed his father's Mr. Taylor-Kamara, a former independence in 1961. footsteps to Lincoln's Inn. athlete. He is a provincial He was his country's Min- Despite the British influ- aristocrat who', has prospered ister of Trade and Industry ence, Mr. Taylor-Kamara in a succession of careers. from 1957 to 1962 and later relishes his country's folk Mr. Taylor-Kamara was was an executive of the Sier- sayings and retains his Mos- born in 1913 in the village of ra Leone Electricity Corpora- lem faith. As he discussed Mabanta near the town of tion before returning to law. his job today, he quoted lines Port Loko, which is a center Now, when he talks about in Krio, a form of English of the palm-oil trade in the diplomacy he harks back to with Spanish, French and north of Sierra Leone, a ,his legal training. "Reading Portuguese added that has former , British colony on books is not enough," he grown up over the centuries Africa's west coast. said. "When you begin to in Freetown. 'His exact birth date was practice you find it is a dif- "We say it like ths," said not recorded, but this' does ferent thing." and he declaimed: not bother him, he explains, "It is the same here," he However heavy the food is, because birthdays are less continued. "In my view an Even if it will break your important in Sierra Leone ambassador has to have at ••' head. than they are in the United If • God wills that you can •••:•.• i least six months in this place carry it '.' :v '•..''.:•,;'. '•:' '/y" — States. before he can feel his way •You can bear'. it- without Mr. Taylor-Kamara's father about.• " , strain. -.-H ;.~ •''!, ,:; NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 6 December 1971 , Kosygin in Scandinavia With Premier AlekseiN. Kosy- Soviet and China Accuse- gin continumg his trip to Scan- dinavia and Leonid I. Brezhnev, the Cpmmunist party leader, ar- Each Other on Fighting riving today in Poland for a >arty congress there, Moscow seemed not unduly worried for the time being that the war Incitement Charged Pakistanis Warned would spread beyond India and" PEKING,,' Dec. 5 (Agence By HEDR1CK SMITH France-Presse) — The Soviet Special to The New YorK Times' In keeping with Soviet diplo- .Government was accused by MOSCOW, Dec. 5—The So- matic tactics at the United Na- tions, the Soviet statement ex- Hsinhua, the official Chinese viet Union, asserting that its pressed hope for "the speediest press agency, today of having security interests^ are affected ending of the bloodshed"" but incited India to attack Paki- by • the Indian -sl|akistani war, notably refrained from any. call stan. warned Pakistani leaders today for a cease-fire until the politi- that-they were assuming "grave cal issues in East Pakistan were The long denunciation ap- satisfactorily settled. It took peared to observers here to responsibility" by; pursuing the sharp issue with- the positions place so great a responsibility "dangerous course" 'of conflict of Washington and Peking, for the dispute on the Soviet with India.';,, '•'•'"•; •-••••> Union as to make it seem that which have blamed India. Mos- it was Pakistan's most danger- The Kremlin, which- sjgned a cow held that Pakistani repres- ous enemy. treaty of friendship with India sion of Bengalis in East Paki- . China has:not attacked Soviet last Aug. 9 and'lias; se|t large stan was to blame for the foreign policy in such strong troubles. new arms, shipments.-to 'New "The Soviet Union," the terms since its representative at Delhi within the last.; month, the United Nations, Huang Hua, statement said, "cannot remain accused Moscow on Nov. 26 of also cautioned all 'otfier gov- indifferent to the developments, joining in an anti-Pakistan mili- ernments not to intervene in considering also the circum- tary alliance with India. the War in.', any way;. '• stance that they are taking- The Hsinhua article came In a statement issued through place in direct proximity to the only a few hours after China's border? of the U.S.S.R. and5 Tass, the Soviet press agency, •therefore,' involve its security ; acting Foreign Minister, Chi Moscow asserted its belief that" Peng-fei, had condemned India * : (• • at a reception here. Mr. Chi,"the governments of all coun- however, announced no Chinese tries should re'fVain from step's move that, could aggravate the signifying, in one way or an- situation. '' other their involvement in the v Military Terms Stressed conflict and leading, to a further Hsinhua stressed in partic- ular the military scope of the aggravation of the situation" treaty of "peace and .friend on the Indian subcontinent! ship" concluded last August !Warning to ctona Seen between the Soviet Union and This ' comment, coinciding India' and appeared" to reflect some anxiety regarding the with a sharp new ideological risks involved in a possible attack on Peking today, was widening of the Conflict be- seen as intended primarily to dissuade' Chin'a^ 'from any po- tween/;^djan-'an,d,vPakfe,t;ati. ' the .tential ;involvernent, especially 'a repetition of 'the "Chihese at- tacks on India" iri 1962. It was issued'at"^ P.M., ohly hours wai; then already flrmFy on after a British press-; report (quoted the 'Chinese 'Premier, Pkkistaii's side and ev<8t sent; ; stem';riPtes to^lSciiaf:vrat the Chou' En-Iai, as having said in StoyietiiWIiipn;' ^p'layefe tile role an interview last month that : in' the event of war Pefciing ^a-vrhediator.'-;'- ;•:?: 'would firmly; support Pakistan. ;^The/frentier dispute between 'Oh'iiia; and ,the ;Soyjet*;Union The Soviet' statement was re- hi'ad' inpt becb'me'Ian ipgn* con-garded as a natural conse- ff;ontatipri, ,as dt-'did ilatiJf-, and quence of the Soviet-Indian "'dseow,' had' not eoiicejitrated trea'ty of friendship, interpreted _ , .Mongolia, on China's- north- at the time of its signing as a em ^border, -. the;.'. • •impressivepledge that Moscow would forces- that'it fiasi'there; now. back India in the event of a igDijjlpmaflc quarters in-Peking conflict over East Pakistan. (jbnsidered "almost inconceiv- There, were no indications, able" any direct Chinese inter- howevef; • that the Russians vention in the present conflict were about to intervene in the They"tended to think that China fighting, despite the language was instead adopting 'a long- of the friendship treaty, which tsrnr -policy opposing; the pos- calls for jhe two powers, iri the sible; installation of ; an inder .event of ^attack, to "enter im- pendent., government., in East mediately "into mutual consulta- Pakistan. tions" in order "to remove such The Peking radio also at- a threat and to take appropri- tacked the Soviet Union todajr ate effective measures to in-; .for "suppprtog, encouraging- sure peace arid the security of ailjf apprp^lng India's aggres' the^r countries." • NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 6 December 1971 .'CIKl&iyifsU'U-I^J&ttfffii^ $$&!'•&I ^J**I i; -i__. j Pakistapi'\cit^!S "ipp the United, l^tlons''^observer •Hcr.easing-.and '•the-'•'Indfci' group here. '•"•' ' RAWALPINDI, Pakistan,-Bet};!'rep%ed % Indian lattapk?on threatening Karach^arbori 378 Intruding Indian planes have! 5—Pakistani troops were railroad station in the foreign civilians, mostly Ameri- kept sirens wailing in many ported today to be advancing' eastern region of East Pakistan, cans, were evacuated from Pakistani cities especially at along the cease-fire line in .ijn important road and rail Karachi today. night. junction on the way to the East Kashmir, the Himalayan state A chartered Pan American Pakistani capital of Dacca. World Airways Boeing 747, the Plane Reaches Teheran whose status has been the sub- In the Kashmir fighting, an first civilian airliner to arrive TEHERAN, Iran, Dec. 5 (AP) ject of two previous Indian- official spokesman said, Paki- in Pakistan since general fight- —The Pan American airliner Pakistani wars. stani troops crossed the cease- ing began Friday, was used in carrying foreigners out of The Pakistan radio said that fire line and captured the town the evacuation. Of the passen- Karachi landed at Mehrabad fighting was reported all along of Desa in the Chamb sector of gers, 307 were Americans. Airport here today. the Indian-controlled state. The evacuation was carried Members of the party des- the line. He said Pakistani troops were out with assurances from India cribed the situation in Karachi . An official spokesman said also making a determined as- that Karachi would not be at- as "fearful" and "horrible." that 61 Indian planes had been sault on Indian 'territory in the tacked while it was being con- A 41-year-old businessman, destroyed. He said that the area around Lahore. ducted. William Netlerode Of Houston, ".. In East Pakistan, fighting was Indians were concentrating air Shortly after sunrise, two said that Indian bombers were reported in the Sylhet area. The Indian Air Force fighter-bomb- pounding Karachi day and night attacks on the Karachi area, spokesman said India suffered ers strafed the airport at Ra- and added that the first air at- where most of the Indian heavy casualties there and that walpindi for the second day in :ack came early Saturday morn- planes had been shot down. an armor-supported Indian as- a row. ing and that raids continued The spokesman also said that sault in the Hilli region had Today they destroyed two until 3:30 this morning. been repulsed. Pakistani planes had attacked planes parked at the field—a Another man said that at U-8 light transport plane with east 10 Indian planes bombed Indian air bases at Pathankot, Foreigners Evacuated United States Army markings Karachi Saturday evening, Agra, Amritsar andf Srinagar -SpeclaJ to The New York Times' and belonging to the United setting fire to an oil storage and had given close support to RAWALPINDI,, States, 'Embassy defense attache' , depot and one tanker or oil ground troops, hitting Indian parge. He added that "Karachi tanks, gun positions and troop iarbor was still ablaze." concentrations. A school teacher who identified lerself as Margaret Adler was The. spokesman said that the weeping because she had be- i not lost come separated from her hus- band, who worked in Karachi as a maintenance engineer. She said he was called to a lospital during a raid early destroyed on the'groufid1?:; ;pday and did not return in A Pakistan Air Force .spokes- time to catch the plane. A middle-aged American man said today that seven In- housewife who, like most of the dian'Canberra bombers and six evacuees, left her husband be-; Hunter aircraft". Had been 'de- hind, said that sugar, flour and stroyed in attacks- on Pakistani gasoline were being rationed and inhabitants of Karachi were territory.- -One- pilot -was- cap- being refused kerosene. The tured, he'.s'aid'. shortage of fuel was forcing • "Asked -whether surface-to-air people to cook on wood fires, missiles had been fired on Paki- she added. stajii; ' air.craft - 'from 'Indian Some evacuees were reported bases,'the Spokesman said that heading for Teheran via Af- ghanistan by car, 'truck and bus, pilots 'had reported seeing hiis if they managed to get gasoline. siles;f ired-but that none; of ;.thfem Hundreds of Americans were had hit planes.- still in Pakistan awaiting evacu- !':'.6n.;the. ground,' the Pakistan tion.. i-adip; 'said, .'300 -Indians ' were Apparently permitted by Ka- rachi authorities to leave the killed -or- wounded in Kashmir country on the condition that Sl;ate; aijd Jammu,; iiipst;cif;them they .would jiot ,give out .;.any in the TithwaLand Uri sectors. .militarv news; imogt. ' The radio also said that Paki- stani : troops had: advanced in area and had NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 6 December 1971 ,'^i,-,;--.'.iH-\« Mv,\\-6 Lv War at a Glance OBSERVEDilWlASAYS NEW DELHI—India claimed Special to The New Yori Times to have achieved "complete .—De- freedom of the skies" above fensfe Ministry spokesman said tonight that the,. Indian Army East Pakistan, and to have was Conforming'to the Geneva destroyed all but four of conventions 'in' the treatment of Pakistan*s jet bombers in the Pakistanuprispners'.-. ' •••"•"H •••: east. The Indian Navy re- The spokesman said a Paki- ported sinking two of Paki- stani Army garrison surren- dejfiid.; at Kamalpur in the stan's five destroyers. Myinen'Singh District of East RAWALPINDI — Pakistan Pakistan last night. "He said reported : fighting all along that eGii. S.H.F.J. Manekshaw, chief ,pf ;the Indian^Army staff, the cease-fire line in Kashmir had -instructed the' local com? and- claimed advances, in that mander that Capt. Ahsan Mallik -disputed state. and his rfcen should: be treated : WASHINGTON—Secretary with "courtesy, .and JEhivalry." of State William P. -Rogers The'spokesman said that I the complained to India's Am- garrison, had^been surrounded ; by Indian troops, ;and .'that bassador about two Indian Captain..Mallik ;hadj been given air attacks ori United States six hours to get instructions vessels at sea. from the Pakistani high com-| mand onTvhether to surrerider.j UNITED NATIONS —The 'j The spokesman said that .thei Security Council, meeting instructions had been "to die for the; . second consecutive fighting," but that Captain Mal- .night,, was unable to agree lik .had been persuaded by his nteri^to surrender. ~*; !v Special to The New Yorlt Timej < <3iE?JBYA, Dec. 5—The4nter- natfonal Committee of; the Red Gross1 today e'alJed on Ini^ia and Pakistan toj Gornplyr witi h NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 6 December 1971 Sylhet* . Jamalpur E.IPAK. The New York Times/Dec. *, 197] In, the isjest, Karachi was scene of naval battle and air raids (bomb bursts). Pakistanis (white arrpws) reportedly advanced in Kashmir. In the e' tliey, ca^tureS .Akhaura,(,a?id would attack any neutral •• v»4- ^"x.,^ -.(.'. ;•• NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 6 December 1971 Resolutions Submitted to tLN. Council Special toThrN.ew York Times BY THE SOVIET UNION Urges that efforts be in- UNITED NATIONS, N. Y., The Security Council: tensified. in order to .bring Dec. 5—Following1 are opera- Calls for a 'political Settle- about, speedily and in ac- tive portions of resolutions ment in East Pakistan which cordance with the principles ' would inevitably, result in a of the Charter, conditions on the Indian-Pakistani dis- cessation of hostilities;- necessary for the voluntary pute that -were introduced in Calls upon the Government return of the East Pakistan the Security Council. The of Pakistan to take? measures refugees to their homes; resolutions are those of the ...to cease all acts «f violence Calls for the full coopera- United States; of the Soviet by Pakistani forces in East tion of all states with the Union; of eight countries Pakistan which have led to Secretary General,, for -ren- jointly (Argentina, Belgium, deterioration of the situation. dering assistance to and re- Burundi, Italy, Japan, Nica- 8-NATION, RESOLUTION lieving the distress of those ragua, Sierra Leone and So- The Security Council: refugees; malia); of five countries '. Calls upon the Govern- Requests the Secretary jointly (Belgium, Japan, Ni- ments of India and Pakistan General to keep the Council caragua, Sierra Leone and to take forthwith all measures 'promptly and currently in- Italy), and of China. The for an immediate cease-fire formed on the implementa- United States, Soviet and and withdrawal of their tion of this resolution; eight-nation resolutions were armed forces on the terri- Decides to follow closely defeated, and the Chinese ..tory of the other to their the situation and to meet proposal was withdrawn be- own side of the India-Pakk again as soon as necesary. fore being put to a vote. stan borders;, 5-NATION RESOLUTION BY THE UNITED STATES • The Security Council: The Security Council: , Calls upon the Govern- Calls upon the Govern- ments . concerned [to accept] ments of India and Pakistan "forthwith as a first step an to take all steps required for immediate cease-fire; an immediate cessation of Requests the Secretary hostilities; General to keep the Council Calls for an immediate prqtnptly and currently in- withdrawal of armed person- formed of the implementa- nel present on the territory tion of this, resolution; of the other to their own Decides to continue to dis- sides of the India-Pakistan cuss the further measures to borders; be taken in order to restore Authorizes the Secretary peace in. the area. General, at the request of the CHINESE RESOLUTION Government of India or Pak- The Security Council: istan, to place observers Calls upon the Govern- along the India-Pakistan bor- ment of India to withdraw its der to report on the imple- armed forces and. armed per- mentation of the cease-fire sonnel sent by it from Pak- and troop withdrawals, draw- istan territory ; immediately ing as necessary on U.N.M.- and unconditionally and calls O.G.I.Pi personnel; upon the Government of Calls upon the Govern- Pakistan to withdraw the ments of India and Pakistan armed 'forces which it has and others concerned to ex- sent into Indian territory for ert their best efforts toward counterattack; the creation of a climate con- Califs upon India and Pak- ducive to the voluntary re- istan to tease hostilities and turn of refugees to East Pak- to withdraw respectively istan; from the international border Calls upon all states to re- between India and Pakistan frain from any action that and to disengage from each would endanger the peace in other so as. to create condi- the area; tions for a peaceful settle- Invites the Governments'of ment of disputes between India and Pakistan to respond India and Pakistan; affirmatively to the proposal Calls upon all states to of the Secretary General of- support the Pakistan people fering good offices to secure in their just struggle to re- and maintain peace in the sist Indian aggression; subcontinent; United Press International Requests the Secretary Requests the Secretary General to submit as early as General to report to the Se-, Lieut. Gen. K. P. Candeth, Indian commander in west, possible a report to the Se- curity Council as soon aspps-' curity Council on. the im- sifile on the implementation said, "We are still fight- 9 of this.'resolutioh. ing a defensive action.' tion. NEW YORK TIMES, Monday, 6 December 1971 Agai^* ••• : •-n- Veto• ' i mSteffi ^api;-. /t decision was deferred after | By HENRY f meriiber-pf the ,^ the{ Soviet delegate, the chief i Special to The Ne'i constituted "aIveio. - -•.-*-• sponsor of the invitation, de- The Soviet draft resolution clared that he would not press UNITEp NATIONSr'N, Y., differed from all the other texts for a vote now. Dec..-;5—The Security ^Council, considered in that it did not Mr. Malik made his conces- meeting for the second consecu- call for a cease-fire but merely sion after Carlos Ortiz de tive night on the India-Pakistan asked Pakistan to "take meas- Rpjas of Argentina pointed out1 ures to cease all acts of vio- conflict, was unable to agree lence by Pakistani forces in tonight on any resolution put clearly "the major aggressor?':! East Pakistan." It did not call that the Bangla Desh delega- 1 Before it. for a cease-fire by India or for tion, in a letter to the Council The Chinese delegation took an Indian withdrawal. almost no part in the informal The deadlock developed when president, had asked to be consultations preceding today's a-s.C>;i*TSA*;.TTfcii/\«V |>T—•—W»* „,„ „,., ^ lution if it^were; put; to a vote. f fe out the debate that the Coun- At that point Ambassador Viiici cil-should take unanimous ac- and others moved for adjourn- ment to hold furtheif private tion. consultations. ; • • j Yakov A. Malik, the Soviet When the Security Council) delegate, told the Council be-! met tonight, it found itself emy fore the voting started that he broiled immediately in pr nsrt UN Goiincll action |ia|pfied . . ' • --J, ;..• -.. •' J vetoes cease fire By Darius. S. Jhabvala dian resolution proposed by the Chi- Globe Staff nene delegation was withdrawn since UNITED NATIONS — The Soviet the Russians threatened to veto that Union last night cast its 107th veto in also. • ' the United Nations against a resolu- tion offered by eight members of the, Thus the -United Nations yester- Security Council that would demand day was paralyzecl by deferring min- a ceasefire and ask India and Paki- imal demands of China and the Sovi- stan to withdraw their forces from et Union over what the Council : essential in the aftermath, Life others' territory. should ask""bf thewarrjng parties. of the .experiences, of, ,thf .-•;.;.U.i.... ji'S.-.;-..!!.? £'->''•'-- • ... •- ' ' •' 'I- I...- :,/l .'-a v r A/ir thei.sanie ,tirne_a; jtpugh; •.antirlnr. .>• Middle East, ' • Cleaned 1 The deadlock, unre- heavily ''towards the Chi- solved as of late yesterday, nese. But demands of none opened the possibility of an of the major powers appear emergency special session acceptable to the others. of the General Assembly During the early morning under a rarely used provi- hours yesterday, the So- sion of the 1950 "Uniting viet Union cant its 106th for Peace" Resolution. veto to prevent adoption of Under that resolution, a US-proposed resolution the Assembly is empow- calling for an immediate ered to, meet within 24 cease-fire, withdrawal of hours after the Security forces 'from the other's ter- Council has been dead- ritory and, the stationing of locked. observer's along India-Pak- A United Nations istan frontiers. spokesman yesterday an- Soviet Ambassador Yak- nounced that Secretary ov Malik said he will veto General U Thant has asked any resolution which calls India and Pakistan for a for withdrawal. cessation of all military ac- Privately, Soviet offi- tivities in, around and over cials claim that even a de- Dacca, the capital of East mand for cease-fire- will Pakistan which is now not be acceptable. That under siege, for the pur- posture would give the In- pose of,, evacuating UN and dian and Mukhti Bahini other personnel. (East Pakistan rebel) forc- He proposed to carry out es more time to occupy the operation by aircraft East Pakistan. between 10:30 and 12:30 China, on the other hand, p-.m. (East Pakistan time) asked for condemnation of today. Indian aggression and also No firm responses had for a cease-fire and with- been received from India drawal. by the end of the day. The United States, which The council's meeting desires a prompt end to the was delayed for'more than fighting, is prepared to set- four hours yesterday to and- withdrawal.. The demand , ; jpf .withdrawal is absolutely es over a res.oiutip'n..^tna'1; -t! warring parties. While behind the scenes efforts were being made to work out a compromise, NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 7 December 1971 10 Indian ._..„ during, the nightly .,- ritsar, Pathankot, Jainmu, Srin- agar, Bhuj, Jamnagar, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner and Utarlai. A Pakistani Army spokesman said soldiers in the West were consolidating -.their gains. He said Pakistani ground forces Action Follows New Delhi's had repulsed an Indian division Recognition of Bengalis- attacking the Lahore sector. [ Punjab Gains Reported Air Clashes Continue The spokesman said therej had been several tactical gains in the Punjab plains sector of By Renters West: Pakistan while enemy RAWALPINDI, Pakistan, Dec. lfaes;'pf? communications leading 6—Pakistan broke diplomatic to the.tpwn of Poonch in Kash- mir wefe~undef; attack. relations with India today as In East Pakistan, the spokes- the air war between the twp, man said, the situation was countries continued and the largely unchanged with Paki- Pakistani Army reported suc- stani tropps consolidating their cesses on both the eastern and western fronts. VI. A spokesman said 81 Indian' fs0Jdiers£had 'been captured and were effectively blockading west of Dacca. He said that "no, planes had been shot down. Indian Casualties were mount- Chittagong on the Bay of Pakistani military .planes had The Army reported it was con- ing. Bengal. yet been destroyed on the Officials said five civilians He said at a news conference ground. jsolidating its gains in the west were killed today when Indian that there was no chance of and its positions in the east. jets strafed a village near Ra- lifting the blockade for some Swiss Assistance Asked The Pakistan radio said that walpindi after having attacked time but that supplies had been Special to The New York Times an oil installation. stockpiled. GENEVA, Dec. 6 — Pakistan the Pakistani Army was in full has asked Switzerland to look In Islamabad it was an- 7 Divisions Reported in Action control of East Pakistan ex- nounced that special elections after her interests in India fol- ;cept for "a few salients here scheduled m East Pakistan for The general said that seven lowing the break in diplomatic •and there." Dec. 7 to 20 had been post- Indian divisions and 10 or 11 relations, a spokesman for the Indian Air Force squadrons had Pakistani Embassy in Berne Pakistan broke relations with poned. The election commission said polling for national and been deployed against Pakistani said today. He said that Swits- India after New Delhi recog- provincial assemblies would be forces in the Eastern wing. erland would reply tomorrow. nized the government of Banglal announced later. "We are fighting a defensive Dr. Ernesto A. Thalmann, Desh in East Pakistan and an' A Government spokesman in battle in the East and by the Secretary General of the Swiss official Pakistani announcement Islamabad said Indian diplo- very nature of the operation Foreign Ministry, told corre- said that the Indian recognition mats in Pakistan were being are likely to lose territory," spondents that Switzerland had General Farman said. "was motivated by a deep accommodated in seven houses sounded out other neutral and their security and well-be- "Our aim is to cause attrition _governments on the possibility hatred of Pakistan." Pakistan ing were being looked after by on the enemy to the extent that of a joint peace appeal. Thus did not break relations with the Pakistan Government. his advance comes to a grinding far,, he. said, there had been India during their previous; halt, preferably in a place of no result. wans, in 1948 and 1965. our choosing," he added. Switzerland announced last 30-Mile Penetration The main effort in the west- week her willingness to act as A Pakistani spokesman said DACCA, Pakistan, Dec. 6 ern sector of East Pakistan was mediator if both India and, that during the night the Air (Reuters)—A Pakistani general around the strategic town of Pakistan agreed. Asked today! Force raided 10 Indian airfields said today that Indian troops Jessore, he said, while in the whether Pakistan had asked along the West Pakistan border were now 30 miles inside East eastern sector it was along a Switzerland to play such a role, and also attacked an Indian Pakistan and that Indian war- wide front stretching from Syl- Dr. Thalmann replied that he, ships were blockading the stra- het down to Akhaura, 45 miles had nothing to say for the Navy missile boat hi the Gulf tegic port of Chittagong- from Dacca and Comilla. time being. of Cutch. Maj. Gen. Rao Farman Ali, "Despite the Indian claims, I He, said the main war ac- military adviser to the Gover- can assure you that Jessore has China-Australia Talks Off tivity, today wasun the air, and' nor of East Pakistan, said the not fallen and there is no ques- CANBERRA, Australia, Dec. lti"lV.*t-_ u ( main Indian thrust was coming tion of it falling without a ter- 6 (AP)—Prime Minister William he repdrted $ majot air'battle. from the northwest salient rible fight," he said. McMahon reported today that in progress overr 2afarwaf-Nin i where Indian troops, supported He added that steps had been China had broken off negotia- the Sialkot sector of West Pak- by Russian-built tanks, had taken against the possibility of tions to establish diplomatic re- istan. penetrated 30 miles into Paki- a parachute assault on Dacca. lations with Australia. "We The fight developed, he said, stani territory. Meanwhile, Indian MlG-21's thought quite frankly we were as planes of both air forces ar- The general, recognized as struck Dacca airport again this on the way to some sort of rived to support their troops one of the leading military fig- afternoon. success," he said in a television in ground fighting and two .In- ures in East Pakistan, said that General Farman said Paki- interview, "but the Chinese the Indian;,, aircraft carrier stani Sabre jets today.- shpt suddenly, cut off without rhyme dian Air Force planes were, shot : down in the area by ground Vikrant., and. •four, /destroyers down two Indian Hunte£ The War Proceeds During a long procedural wrangle at a week-end session of the United Nations .Security Council on the India-Pakistan -war; .an African delegate abruptly pierced some consciences.'While the Council debated procedure, he reminded his colleagues, people Were dying on the Indian subcontinent. They are dying in greater numbers now; and. still the Council is blocked, by great-power rivalry, ideological conflict, hypocrisy and indifference, from taking^even a modest first step to end.the bloodshed. Before large-scale fighting had begun it was difficult enough to gr¥sp the dimensions of the tragedy repre- sented Jh Indi\ by nine million hungry refugees from East Pakistan. V the bombing and shelling and conse- quent dislocation continue, the fate of most of the nine million will be speedily-healed—and that of other millions of innocents along,with them. Yet the Security Council finds itself immobilized by Soviet vetoes,.procedural.arguments and vicious invec- tive between .China and Russia, India and Pakistan. Russia's Yakpv Malik announced in advance of Sunday's voting that he would veto any resolution except his own, a one-sided blast at Pakistan supported only by Poland. But China's contribution to the debate was equally sterile and irrelevant. The United States. sponsored one pertinent resolu- tion—it called for an immediate cease-fire and mutual troop withdrawals behind the respective borders—and later backed a similar effort by eight other countries. But the standing of the United States had been damaged by posture almost universally regarded as blatantly pro-Pakistan...... ' Behind all the : verbal cannonading at the United Nations and elsewhere lie two basic facts. The first is that the crisis of the subcontinent was provoked by the Pakistan Government's decision to use force in East Pakistan to abrogate the results of a free election. The second is that India—with a legitimate grievance against Pakistan deriving from the unmanageable flood of refu- gees—has damaged-its case and forfeited much of the goodwill it had enjoyed by deliberately choosing to exploit the crisis by an aggressive war in order to dismember Pakistan. H *he Security Council had given up the name-calling and-aJutile. effort to apportion,-blame -and-started from-. the sure knowledge that both parties are major offenders against the peace in Asia, it might have headed off what could become one of the great human tragedies of a tragic century. Shunting the problem to the floor of the General Assembly is a lamentable and probably useless , resignation of responsibility. x ' <* a NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 7 December 1971 tp-" amuse imperialists *aaggres- Russian-Chinese Clash s6rs;!:!Triiijtarists" -who -are de^ 'l'-c"('"r"'il tween the Soviet Union and Steals Council Limelight China. Let him ^continue his in- vidious activity. May I wish him success. That is entirely in By HENRY accord with the conceptions of Special to Tha NcwToti TtaHl the Chinese traitors to social- UNITED NATIONS, N. Y;;agains, t Pakistan," Mr. Huang ism. • Dec. 6—For three days running said^'.'is being carried out with "What lay behind [this] a venomous private battle be- the K connivance, support and manifestation of pathological tween the delegates of China protection of the Soviet Union., hatred against the Soviet Un- and the Soviet Union has domi- Countless facts have proved ion? To conceal a Chinese con- nated the emergency session of .tiliS;,.';..; cept that the greater, the de- th9 Security Council on the "Last August the Soviet gree of disturbance, terror, vio- Indian-Pakistani war. Union and•.India, concluded a lence and general lack of tran? : At: times this debate' has be.- scrcaHed. treaty ::-iot peace, quillity the better. . . ! come the main event, condemn- friendship: and. cooperation "He mentioned the Czecho- ing the representatives of India slovak events of 1968. This isf : Which-•>"is.: in .'fact a military and Pakistan to long silences. alliance.' With the encourage- shameful for China and for the The relentlessness with which ment ; of that .treaty, :£he- Indian Chinese representatives. If the Huang Hua and Yakov A. Ma- Government has be.Q&me/ even socialist countries including the lik denounced each other con- more embroiled-in carrying out Soviet Union had not given the vinced many diplomats that expansion -and aggression^ hand of "brotherly assistance to China and the Soviet Union V'Not long-ago ;the Indian the Communist party and peo- were determined to fight out Priihe Minister visited, Moscow ple of Czechoslovakia, Czecho- thejr basic political and ideo- and held •: tialks with the';-Sbviet slovakia would have been eaten logical, struggle in the United up by imperialism and by re- leaders. It is" by no '.'means acci- action." Nations forum, regardless of dental that since then the the issue under discussion. "What you did, Mr. Huang Indians. Government has fla- retorted, "was note rendering The two powers came to the grantly sent troops, to invad« Council with diametrically op- Pakistan. assistance to. a socialist country, posed policies. The Soviet Union In the darkness of the night was committed to support for '.'"The' Soviet representative you dispatched your planes, air echoes the open clamor of tha force and paratroopers to con- India and China for Pakistan. Indian leaders that the Indian But almost immediately the ex- trol its capital city. You changes turned .to the basic troops must not withdraw from Brought by force the leaders .aspects of-the ideological and Pakistan, and they demand that of Czechoslovakia tq Moscow Pakistan troops withdraw from and then forced them to sign national conflict between the their own territory. two Communist regimes. your most humiliating condi- "That is a naked revelation tions. This has fully revealed Last night Mr. Huang likened of the role played-by-Soviet your social imperialist 'hand of Moscow's policies in the Indian socialimperialism. friendship.' subcontinent to the 1968 inva- "This is exactly.: the same "The Soviet representative sion of Czechoslovakia and ac- tactic it has used in the Middle may well look over his state- cused the Soviet Union of ag- East. .The Soviet, social ini- ment made today. You have gression in the Middle East. perialist's are carrying out ag- extended your security bound- He consistently called the So- gression^ control, .subversion ary to the Indian subcontinent viet' delegate "Mister"—an in- and} expansion everywhere. now. You are saying that the sult among Communists. Mr. Everyone will recall, the Soviet Indian subcontinent is directly Malik, who' the ago of 65 is military; aggression ,and -armed related to your security inter- proud of having been a Com- occupation of Czechoslovakia ests. This kind of reasoning is munist for some 50 years, in 1968.'' •= exactly the same as the security; had referred to the head of the Mr. Malik answered, mildly boundary and the security in- Chinese delegation as "Comrade enough, that the Chinese dele- terests of Israel." -—yes, why not?—Comrade." gate, was "diverting the Secu- "Yet, Mr. Malik," he con- Mr. Malik said today: "As rity's Council's attention from tinued, "you said with regard for Mr. Huang Hua, I called the maiiuproblem;" '•• • , to the Middle East that in 1967, him a Comrade in my first To .which Mr, Huang replied: within the United Nations, yeq statement. I am quite prepared "You cannot, deny facts. The had put forward the proposal to call him Mister if he prefers present Soviet Government is for a cease-fire and the with- to be a Mister. [He is] assuming out -and .put 'social, imperial- drawal of troops. Why then can the role of the chief slandered ism. No matter how much Mr. you -not apply the same : prin- of the Soviet Union. Malik dislikes it,: the label is ciple tq the situation on the The Soviet delegate talked on and carinot be. taken off. Indian subcontinent? That fully about Chinese traitors to so-By serving.the wild designs of reveals that you harbor ex- cialism and called Mr. Huang the Soviet .Government to. con- pansionist ambitions with a "jester for the imperialists" trol the subcontinent and .the regard to the Indian sub- who had "viciously slandered" Indian Ocean, the Indian Gov- continent." the Soviet Union. Mr. Malik concluded the ernment will; only eat, the-bit- Several diplomats noted that ter fruits of its, own. making. exchange: . ; the Chinese and Soviet, dele- Soviet social imperialism, which "The Chinese representative, gates clashed once before since connives at Indian aggression" with his vicious, pathological Peking's admission to the will come .to ho good en Jessore Sa&J t" Be Ex'pnswK : • : ' IT-.''-. 'iad ' Pakistan has.'two arrnSredf - India said her iroops ;•••'•; 1 ••-.•'.'• l-'J ' ik- divisions''and eleven infantry) : PORTS ATTACKED bypassing the 5,000-man Paki- istani tanks since Friday. Pak-' divisions on th£ western -bor-! stani brigade in the town of istan originally had approxi- :der, or well over 200,000 men. mately 1,000 tanks. "India! Only brigade-size attacks have Jessore. She may try the same called her own armor losses been reported so far. tactic in other sectors and at- light. The Indian spokesman said NewDelhi'sTroopsCut tempt to isolate Pakistani units flndia asserted she had de- that United Nations authorities in pockets, which can be soft- stroyed one more Pakistani had requested permission to Dacca's Road Links ened up by air attack. F-86 Sabre jet fighter plane in land a C-130 plane at Dacca The East Pakistani ports the Eastern province and re- airport this morning to evacu- ported another "probable" kill. ate United Nations personnel With Chittagong were under intermittent Indian A spokesman said this meant iThe Indian military forces air attack and port authorities were instructed to provide : that Pakistan apparently had warned neutral shipping to stay only two jet fighters still oper- "safe conduct" for the plane, By CHARLES MOHR away from them or face attack. ational in East Pakistan. Before but when it was approaching SpeciaJ to The New York TJniM:••'-. • In any case, the Indian Army being shot down, two of the the Dacca airport, Pakistanis planes strafed Indian troops at the control tower asked it NEW DELHI, Dec. 6—The in-, saicl&dayfit Had captured the to turn back and not land, the dian Army reported today that near Comilla. According to town, of Fenny and had thus diplomatic information reaching spokesman said. ' it was trying to draw a tight- India from sources in Dacca, The Indian Air Force later! ening ring around the isolated severed the road and rail link said that the Dacca airport' between Dacca and the main foreigners said they saw some Pakistani Army forces in East Indian MIG-21's shot down and had been made unoperationai Pakistan. port of Chittagong. [ crashing in Dacca last Satur- because a Pakistani Sabre jet An Indian general estimated day. returning there burst into There was jubilation in India Pakistani casualties in the East flames while landing, the after Prime Minister Indira in the last 72 hours at 317, Attack on U.S. Ship Denied spokesman added. Gandhi announced diplomatic killed in action, 199 woundeifl1 India denied a United States The pilot of the United Na- recognition of the government and 423 captured. The mainj charge that she had attacked tions aircraft said he would re- formed by East Pakistani lead- body of Pakistani troops thus! and slightly damaged an Amer- turn to Bangkok, the Indian! seemed intact. I ican merchant ship, the Buck- spokesman said. ! ers in revolt against the central But, depending on the size of eye State, in the Bay of Bengal. ! Pakistani Government. stockpiles, the supply problem "No Indian plane attacked any Antiaircraft Fire in Bombay To Indians, the move was a may begin to limit Pakistani ship iri the Bay of Bengal," an NEW DELHI, Dec. 6 (AP)— symbolic first step toward their resistance efforts. official spokesman said to- Antiaircraft guns opened fire goal of establishment of a The Indians claimed to have night. The United States had tonight in Bombay after radar- taken many small towns as lodged a "strong" protest to men reported sighting a flight "friendly" government in Dacca well as Fenny. The penetrations India over the incident. of Pakistani jet planes sweep-: and the end of a united and described by Indian spokesmen The Indian spokesman ac- ing in from the Arabian Sea. therefore dangerous Pakistan. were on the order of 15 to 25 knowledged, however, that the A United News of India dis- After India's recognition of the miles into East Pakistan in Buckeye State had been caught patch from Bombay said shells1 rebel movement known as most cases, coming from east, in cross-fire at Chittagong port burst by the hundreds over the; Bangla Desh Bengal Nation), north and west. yesterday during an Indian air city of 5.6 million, but officials Advance Slowed by Terrain and rocket attack on military there would not say whether Pakistan announced that she installations there. ,the planes had attacked the city was breaking diplomatic rela- No large, brigade-size Paki- The spokesman said that the or a nearby naval base. tion with India. stani positions are said to have Indian Government was detain- The agency quoted hospital fallen yet. Maj. Gen. F. F. R. No Massive Combat Yet ing at the port of Madras an- sources in Bombay as having Jacob, chief of staff for the other United States ship, the reported that 15 persons were Indian Eastern Command, said In the general war between £xpedijc^,j;but thaj; it CQuld;sail.l wounded by shrapnel from the India and Pakistan that began that considering the marshy;] for Ran'godn'if itsvcaptain gave1] antiaircraft guns. AH the terrain of East Pakistan, wppf wounded were said to be from Friday evening, the statements its many rivers, the -advance: of official spokesmen do not a written - declaration that he! the center of town. "has been rapid." .: • .. was not carrying; war materials Other air raid warnings were indicate that the two armies In most sectors of India's for Pakistan. reportedly, sounded, in towns are yet locked in unrelenting, border with West Pakistan According to the Calcutta; and villages "irtithe area massive combat. But several there seemed to be little fight- agents of the American Eisrp'brt^ Bumha ing. India claimed to have re- stiff clashes were described to- Isbrandsten Line, the E^'editcT pulsed an attack at Chhamb in had 817 tons of cargo; •includ- day. Jammu by two brigades of ing lubricants, a color printing Real significance seemed, to Pakistani infantry, or about plant and spare parts for auto- lie in the general strategic situ- 4,800 men, supported'by a regi- mobiles to be unloaded at Chit- ation rather than in the details ment of 45 Chinese-built T-59 tagong. It also was said to have of the latest ground and air en- tanks. 262 tons of cargo for Madras. India said that 23 of the gagements. tanks had been destroyed and Pakistan Retreat Reported The Pakistani forces in East about 50 bodies of enemy sol- Indian spokesmen contended Pakistan; Believed to consist of diers had been counted on the that about 3,000 Pakistani about 70,000 troops; seemed cut battlefield. troops who had penetrated 14 off from 'effectiv6,: support: or Other' developments were: or 15 miles into the desert ter- f flndia said she had de- rain of western Rajasthan in 'relief from stroyed, last night and today, India were retreating toward five Pakistani jet fighters. In- West Pakistan after losing :dian spokesmen said that most of their tanks. Pakistani plane losses since It had been widely expected Friday now totaled 52, while here that by now Pakistan India's own plane losses, were would have launche*d J!_-;-:__a large_ now 19. -Pakistan cP"2'1""""''"' have destroyed a toi Indian aircraft. India to have had slightly ro 600 combat airgraft MEW YORK HUES, Tuesday, 7 December 1971 IS; REFUGEE AID EXPECTED TOHALT War Impedes Transport to East Pakistanis in India By THOMAS 3. HAMILTON Sper.lU to Tftt N "•«-•"*£ i BENGALI RECOGNITION . ' Special to Thl New Yori Timei 1 MOSCOW, Dec> 6^-Pakistan privately urged"-the Soviet- Union today not to follow In-i dia's recognition of East Pakis- tan as the independent nation 4 Nonmembers tfG&i?3j% ASKS SOLUTIN of Bangla Desh, and well-placed at a Glance Soviet sources said Soviet rec- In U.N. Council Debate ACCEPTABLE TO EAST ognition was not likely in th1e Special to The New Vork Timei near future. Y NEW DELHI—India said Special to The New Yoi-lE Times her forces were pushing for- LONDON, Dec. 6—The For- Diplomatic sources reported UNITED NATIONS, N. Y., eign Secretary, Sir Alec Doug- evidence that although Mos- ward in East Pakistan at Dec. 6—During the three las-Home, called today for an cow had steadfastly backed many points and turning back days of meetings on the In- Indian-Pakistani "solution that India in her confrontation with dia-Pakistan dispute the Se- Pakistan, the Kremlin did not the Pakistanis in the West. takes account of the wishes of RAWALPINDI — Pakistan curity Council has been ad- the people affected." want to risk a rupture in dip- dressed by four nonmembers. By this language, Sir Alec lomatic relations with the Ra- broke relations with India India and Pakistan were , meant a political settlement walpindi Government. after Indian recognition of invited under Article 32 of I acceptable to, among others, Soviet sources said that Mos- the rebel Bangla Desh regime. the Charter, which says that the people of East Pakistan. The cow did not want to further any member of the United antagonize the Pakistani Gov- WASHINGTON—The United British view, thus reaffirmed, ernment, especially since there Nations that is not a member is that the East should have at! States, which continued to of the Council shall be in- least some degree of autonomy. was no actual government of brand India as the "main ag- Bangla Desh operating on its vited' to participate in the Sir Alec's statement, made own territory. gressor," suspended a large discussion, without vote, if in the House of Commons, re- Diplomatic informants indi- part of its economic aid to it is a party to a dispute un- flected the continuing differ- cated that Moscow would prob- the Indians. der consideration by the ence between British and Council. American policy. Since Paki- ably keep some foreign aid UNITED NATIONS — The technicians in Pakistan to Article 31 of the Charter stani troops began their sup- demonstrate its desire to main- Security Council voted, 11-0, says that any United Nations pression of the East last March, tain ties with Pakistan, al- to transfer the debate on the member that is not a mem- the Conservative Government though, like other nations, it Indian-Pakistani fighting to ber of the Council may par- here has taken 'the more criti- may seek to remove depend- ticipate in the discussion, cal line. the veto-free General Assem- without vote, whenever the ents of its officials for safety bly, after repeated.vetoes by Sir Alec made no attempt to reasons. ; Council decides that its in- apportion immediate blame for Normal commercial flights the Soviet Union -of varidus terests are especially affect- the start of hostilities. This to Pakistan by Aeroflot, the ; resoluhonsiln-ttie'IC'ouhcili i j| ed. In practice, the Council was again a distinction from Soviet airline, and by Pakistan has in the past agreed to the stand of the American Gov- International Airlines were re- hear nonmembers of the ernment, which has charged portedly suspended today Council whenever their dele- India with "the major respon- , Afijpflot flights to New Delh gates requested to attend a sibility." i werje reportedly rerouted i;|o meeting. The delegates of Britain decided that it would JtaMbay as a safety precautiOij Tunisia and Saudi Arabia be premature to introduce reso- have addresse dthe Council lutions in the United Nations in the current;:, debate under Security Council, Sir Alec sard this because they were bound to b< vetoed. ;•.*<* ••.*,?•>.*.?:<• .:±*' NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 7 December 1971 2 Vetoes in ouncil viator Church said that _,,r fwo we<~k<; ago th? 'n pvp.^ted India and the East rejected a personal appeal by i'aiu-tani rebels to win the War President Nixon to avoid hos- and that he did not think the tilities, as they did a strong re-1 fighting could last more than •Washington Cuts Loans statement of this by Secretary three months because of the of State William P. Rogers to limited resources of the two the Indian Embassy fast week. nations. By BERNARD QWERTZMAN PctKIStBn, OIIICISIS 53.10 ( W^3.S "If India has intervened in more "forthcoming." the civil war of her neighbor, WASHINGTON, Dec. 6—Con/ let's remember we did the same o».~ .«««.,. Mr. Nixon, who has been in in Vietnam with far less provo- tinuing to brand India a*»<•;»•:->•. ,. , Government in Karachi call ^~s-*-«">o:, vv, v - themselves, are also equipped with light machine guns and captured mortars. •*r-sg The Bengalis know that the »;$v«:s •> .; Pakistani Army, well equipped '*?*!* and well manned, can break out any time. But the army com- manders know that the divi- sion is surrounded by hostile Bengalis and dare not detach small groups, fearing that they <&** will be overwhelmed and \-^ hacked to death, as happened to units last week. ' However, the besiegers 'be- lieve the army will make a •three-pronged attack when re- inforcements are flown into Jessore airport, which is under army control. * ;:• '.•: •> .But even if the'major urban '$&" centers can be pacified, an ex- ¥«»«"»"* . •*»*»*<&>• tensive tour of the western <- ; • regions of the province indi- ' ••&.&a. *, . cates that at best the authority of .the Government will not run far beyond Dacca, the pro- vincial capital. ; Bengali nationalism has united every Bengali — police- .jnan, civil servant and the bor ' der security staff. The police force .has joined the "liberation front," 'the border security froce has opened the frontiers to Indian infiltration and civil servants and district mag 'istrates are organizing guerilla warfare in villages. China Breaks Silence >:*..«, V"* • PEKING, -April. 4 (Agcnce *"~ V e * •> X * France-Pressc) — China broke -V