ebooksall.com ebooksall.com ebooksall.com SHUJA NAWAZ THE BATTLE F OR PAKISTAN The Bitter US Friendship and a Tough Neighbourhood PENGUIN BOOKS ebooksall.com Contents Important Milestones 2007–19 Abbreviations and Acronyms Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Footnotes Important Milestones 2007–19 Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Select Bibliography ebooksall.com Acknowledgements Follow Penguin Copyright ebooksall.com Advance Praise for the Book ‘An intriguing, comprehensive and compassionate analysis of the dysfunctional relationship between the United States and Pakistan by the premier expert on the Pakistan Army. Shuja Nawaz exposes the misconceptions and contradictions on both sides of one of the most crucial bilateral relations in the world’ —BRUCE RIEDEL, senior fellow and director of the Brookings Intelligence Project, and author of Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of the Global Jihad ‘A superb, thoroughly researched account of the complex dynamics that have defined the internal and external realities of Pakistan over the past dozen years. The Battle for Pakistan is a compelling read that provides enormous insights on the forces at work within Pakistan as the country’s civilian and military leaders determine Pakistan’s way forward at a critical juncture in time’ —GENERAL DAVID PETRAEUS, former commander of the US Central Command and Coalition Forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, and former director of the CIA ‘With well-researched and meticulously collected information, in-depth analyses and scholarly insights, Shuja Nawaz has produced an impressive and invaluable study of the twists and turns of US–Pakistan relations. Only a person with his understanding of the political dynamics in the two countries could provide such an authoritative and cogent ebooksall.com account of how the dissonant but important respective interests of the two countries brought about periods of consequential cooperation. And yet these interests failed to create a basis for a stable relationship which continues to have critical relevance to the complex circumstances of the region. This book will be essential reading on the subject and for examining the past six decades of developments in the region’ —RIAZ MOHAMMED KHAN, former Foreign Secretary of Pakistan, and author of Afghanistan and Pakistan: Conflict, Extremism, and Resistance to Modernity ‘Shuja Nawaz has followed up his earlier tour de force on the Pakistan Army—Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army and the Wars Within—with a superbly researched study of the US– Pakistan relationship in all its dimensions. The Battle for Pakistan is essential reading for anyone attempting to fathom the fundamentals of the relationship between the two countries now and in the future. Shuja’s view is truly panoramic and he has masterfully pieced together the many facets of a complex and evolving relationship. His insights and deep analyses are invaluable for understanding the forces of change that are shaping the relationship and Pakistan’s future’ —GENERAL JEHANGIR KARAMAT, former Chief of Army Staff and Pakistan ambassador to the United States ‘An engaging and insightful exploration of the realities and dynamics that have shaped present-day Pakistan and the US–Pakistan relationship. Nawaz captures the essence of Pakistan’s seventy-year difficult and rocky journey. A relevant and important book’ ebooksall.com —CHUCK HAGEL, former US Secretary of Defense and US senator ‘Writing about Pakistan is often like travelling through the looking glass, given the vast difference in perception of the nation from the outside and the perception that those within have of the world outside. Just as he did with his last book, in The Battle for Pakistan, Shuja Nawaz deftly manages the journey between what he calls “both homelands”, US and Pakistan: balancing a critical look of Pakistan’s actions on terror and foreign policy in the past decade and a half, with an insider’s account of who said what to whom, unravelling events like the killing of Osama Bin Laden to civil–military tensions, and all that led up to the Imran Khan election. The suggestions Mr Nawaz proffers at the end of the book bear some careful study as well’ —SUHASINI HAIDAR, diplomatic editor, The Hindu ‘In The Battle for Pakistan Shuja Nawaz delivers a forensic and illuminating investigation of the troubled relationship between the United States and Pakistan. His work is informed by valuable original interviews and delivers new details and evidence—including about the hunt for Osama Bin Laden—that will be of great interest to scholars, analysts and the general public in both countries’ —STEVE COLL, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Ghost Wars and most recently Directorate S: The CIA and America’s Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan ‘Shuja Nawaz has written with deep knowledge and arresting eloquence about what he calls the “misalliance” between two nations that often misunderstand each other, but must ultimately reach an understanding as two vital ebooksall.com partners in a necessary alliance. And he writes as a citizen and insider of both countries, with matchless personal knowledge of the personalities who have both made history and will make the future. There is no better or more compelling volume to read about this often troubled, but imperative relationship between two nations on other sides of the world that have been brought into the same orbit by geopolitics, and an increasing diaspora of human talent’ —SCOTT SIMON, Peabody Award–winning host of National Public Radio’s Weekend Edition Saturday ‘Shuja Nawaz’s new book, The Battle for Pakistan, makes a critical contribution to our understanding of the turbulence of the last decade in US–Pakistan ties and Pakistan’s fight for its democracy and security. US–Pakistan relations have long suffered because of mutual mistrust, suspicion and misunderstanding. Shuja’s unique access in Washington and Islamabad has allowed him to tell both sides of the story. In doing so, hopefully this book can contribute to improved relations between our two countries in the coming decade and beyond’ —GENERAL JAMES JONES, former Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, and National Security Advisor to President Barack Obama ‘His unique access to centres of power in Washington, Islamabad and Rawalpindi enable Shuja Nawaz to offer rare and fascinating insights into the roller-coaster US–Pakistan relationship. As the Afghanistan–Pakistan drama heads for denouement, The Battle for Pakistan promises to be an invaluable guidebook for politicians, diplomats and soldiers attempting to navigate this South Asian quagmire’ ebooksall.com —ADM. ARUN PRAKASH, former chief of the Indian Navy and chairman, Chiefs of Staff ebooksall.com This book is for the future generations of leaders in Pakistan and the United States. More specifically, our beloved and fearless granddaughters Karam, Lina and Norah . ebooksall.com Important Milestones 2007–19 2007 9 March Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry removed by President Musharraf. 3–11 July Assault on Red Mosque in Islamabad under Operation Silence. 20 July Chief Justice Chaudhry reinstated. 23 August Supreme Court rules exiled former PM Nawaz Sharif can return to Pakistan. 10 Nawaz Sharif returns, only to be deported again from Islamabad airport. September 14 Benazir Bhutto announces she will return from exile on 18 October. September 5 October National Reconciliation Ordinance promulgated to allow indemnified politicians to return from exile. 6 October Pervez Musharraf re-elected as president. Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) boycotts presidential election. 18–19 Benazir Bhutto returns from Dubai to Karachi. Double bomb blasts greet October her caravan from the airport to Bilawal House. Over 160 killed. 3 State of Emergency declared. Chief Justice removed, lawyers and political November workers arrested; private TV channels shut down; Abdul Hameed Dogar installed as new Chief Justice. 12 Pakistan Army sends 12,000 troops to begin Operation Rah-e-Haq against November local Taliban in Swat. 18 Caretaker Prime Minister Mohammad Mian Soomro installed. November 24 Suicide bomber near army headquarters in Rawalpindi kills at least thirty- November five persons. 25 Nawaz Sharif and his brother Shehbaz return to Pakistan. November 4 Twenty-four high court judges retired. Chief Justice Chaudhry and Justices December Rana Bhagwandas and Khalilur Rehman Ramday also dismissed. 14 International Republican Institute of United States poll shows Musharraf December and army popularity dramatically decreased; orders to amend Constitution issued to allow waiver of two-year ban on government officials to run for ebooksall.com president; National Command Authority established under president to control nuclear policy and assets. 27 Benazir Bhutto assassinated after speech at Liaquat Bagh in Rawalpindi. December Additional twenty-one persons killed in associated bomb blast. 30 Bilawal Zardari named chairperson of the PPP. Both PPP and Pakistan December Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) announce that they will participate in elections. 2008 2 January Election Commission announces elections to be held on 18 February; Asif Ali Zardari repeats his demand for UN investigation of his wife Benazir Bhutto’s assassination. 18 January Director CIA Gen. Michael Hayden blames Al-Qaeda and Baitullah Mehsud of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) for Bhutto murder.