DOCSLIB.ORG

Tormenting 71 File-04

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The dead bodies of the students of Sergent Zahurul Huq Hall, Dhaka University, Killed during the dark night on March 25, 1971 A visual document of Pakistan army's atrocities in the district of Kushtia An ice berg of brutal women repression by the Pakistani occupied forces which become a regular phenomenon during nine months of Bangladesh liberation war Two repressed women at the Rehabilitation Centre in Dhaka during 1972 The bodies of the intellectuals at Rayer Bazar slaughtering spot. Apprehending ultimate defeat, the Pakistani occupied forces prepared list of the top most intellectuals of the country with the help of their local collaborator Jamaat-e-Islami's killing squad Al Badar and executed the pre-planned elimination A example of crime against humanity: Pakistani soldiers used to humilate people in this manner to identify whether he is a Hindu or Muslim The bodies of innocent Bengalees on the street of Jessore district Dhaka city wore a vies of devastation : aftermath of the March 25 crack down in 1971 Indian Army preparing lists of the sophisticated arms laid down by Pakistani occupied forces on December 16, 1971 The agony of a women in a west Bengal refugee camp in India whose husband and others family members were killed by Pakistani army The human skeletons recovered from the slaughtered sites. More than 5 thousands such sites are calculated in different part of Bangladesh The thousands of localities were destroyed by Pakistani shells leaving hundreds dead or jnjured. A bid for treatment of a burnt boy The wailing parents at a refugee camp in Indian state of West Bengal, who lost their children Appendix List of the war criminals of Pakistani armed forces Bangladesh government prepared a list of five hundred Pakistani war criminals in 1972. Later it was reduced to two hundred. The following enlisted names are of only those defense personnel's who were taken to India as prisoners of war. That's why the names of the top most war criminals like the then President and Chief Marshal Law Administrator Aga Mohammad Yahya Khan, Chief of Staff", Pakistan Army, General Abdul Hamid Khan, then East Pakistan Governor and Marshal Law Administrator Lt. General Tikka Khan, Major General Khadim Hussain Raja, Major General AO Mitha, are not in the list. Major General Rao Farman Ali and Major General Khadim Hussain Raja were in-charge of 'Operation Searchlight' during March 25 crack down in 1971. As they were not in t, Dhaka during the surrender, their names were not mentioned in the lists. The victims or witnesses, who have given us testimony, disclosed names of some high ranking army officials. But most of those names are not mentioned in the list as they were not in Bangladesh during the surrender on December 16,1971. We have found the names of nine officers in the list of 200 war criminals against whom charge sheet were drafted. Charge shuts against the rest are believed to be lost OT were not prepared. 1. Name : Lt. Gen. Niazi 2. No. : PA477 3. Unit : 4. Post held : Corps Commander: Martial Law Administrator Zone B 5. Particulars of allegations inter alia : The accused is alleged to have arrived incognito at least by the 1st of March in Dacca. Thereafter, he participated in a series of high level conferences where the military operations connected with genocide were planned and finalised. His participation was under cover. After he took over as M.L.A. (in Zone B), the accused made a large number of public statements and issued a large number of orders in respect of the plan of I genocide and the military operations connected therewith. He also took upon himself the whole responsibility for all the criminal acts by men under General A M Yahya Khan Gen. Abdul Hamid Khan President of Pakistan Chief of Staff, Pakistan Army Lt.-Gen. Tikka Khan Lt. Gen. Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi Governor and Martial Law Administrator Commander, Eastern Command Maj.-Gen. Rao Farman Ali Maj.-Gen. Khadim Hussain Raja Adviser to Governor of East Pakistan GOC, East Pakistan his command indeed for all acts of his troops during the military occupation of Bangladesh. Admissions are available about mass rape and the criminal violation of women by the men under his command. It is alleged that he was personally present on the scene of the systematic murder of Bangalee intellectuals on or about 12th to 16th December, 1971.He is also alleged to have visited the site for the plan of murder of intellectuals in Brahmanbaria prior to the commission of the acts. He is also alleged to have illegally detained at least 50 women and girls in Dacca "for his personal pleasure." 6. Proposed charges: Conspiracy to wage aggressive war, conspiracy to commit genocide, conspiracy to commit crime against humanity, complicity in the commission of genocide and war crimes and crimes against humanity. Failure to maintain discipline, false arrests, rape, assault and battery and murder and criminal violation of international agreements. 1. Name : Major General Farman Ali 2. No. : PA1364 3. Unit : 4. Post held : Deputy ML. R. Zone B (as Brigadier in March 1960 to July 1971); from July 1970 Major General Civil Affairs. 5. Fuctions : To use the civil administration for the purpose of Martial Law, screening of civil servants before posting in districts, political appreciation through daily or weekly meetings either with civil officers or intelligence officers and feeding information to military junta in Islambad. 6. Particulars of allegations inter alia: Participation in all the secret meetings held by General Yahya Khan from 15th March onwards in Dacca Cantt. Participation in all military exercises in Bangladesh. His recommendations and formulation of the master plan to eliminate all Bangalee intellectuals and A wami Leaguers and selection of time and date of army crack-down in Bangladesh in executing the master plan. 7. Proposed charges: Conspiracy to wage a war of aggression, conspiracy to commit genocide and crime against humanity, complicity in the commission of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Execution of plan of genocide and crimes against humanity. 1. Name : Major General Ansari 2. No. : PA4404 3. Unit : 4. Post held : Station Commander, Dacca (prior to 25th March, 1971). Station Commander, Chittagong vice Brig. Majumdar. G.O.C. 9th Division, Sub-Martial Law Administrator, Sector III. 5. Particulars of allegations inter alia : Evidence indicates that the accused was associated with and participated in planning of the military operations that were launched from 25th March, 1971. He appears to have attended a number of high level staff and operational planning sessions in which the details of the plan of genocide were finalised. In Chittagong, he was associated with and directed the operations designed to eliminate the Bangalee military personnel serving in Chittagong Garrison. When he assumed Command as GOC, 9th Division and Sub-Martial Law Administrator, Section III, he became responsible for a large area comprising Jessore, Jinadah, Barisal, Khulna, Khulna Port, Satkhira, Magura, Kushtia, Faridpur, Chaudanga, Gopalganj, Madaripur, Patuakhali, Bhola and Bagerhat. There is wide evidence of widespread mass atrocities including murder, torture, rape and arson in the area under his control or by members of the formation under his command as from July 1971 till surrender. 6. Proposed charges: Conspiracy to commit genocide and crimes against humanity. Execution and direction of operations in pursuance of the conspiracy to commit genocide, mass murder, torture, rape, arson, false arrest and detention etc. 1. Name: Brig. Manzoor Hussain Atif 2. No. : PA3547 3. Unit : 4. Post held: Commander 117th Brigade, Comilla, Deputy Sub- Martial Law Administrator of Comilla, Chandpur and Feni (Earlier he served as Lt. Col. in Barisal) 5. Particulars of allegations inter alia: The accused is alleged to have been involved or actively participated in a series of murders committed on persons detained in concentration camps in Barisal. Evidence exists of wide-spread atrocities carried out in the area under his control or by troops under his command. 6. Proposed charges: Execution of plan of genocide, murder, incitement to genocide, torture, rape and arson, false arrest and detention; criminal violation of international agreements and international law, failure to maintain discipline. 1. Name: Capt. Abdul Wahid 2. No. : PSS 8464 . 3. Unit : 30FF 4. Particulars of allegations inter alia: The accused was posted in Dacca City at about the time of military crack down which commenced on the 25th March, 1971. Evidence exists of his participation in the acts of murder, loot and arson that were perpetrated on that day in Dacca. 4. Proposed charges: ; Murder, loot, arson, failure to maintain discipline. 1. Name: Major Mohammad Abdullah Khan 2. No. : PTC 5911 3. Unit : 4. Post held: Deputy Sub-Martial Law Administrator, Sub-sector 12, Brahmanbaria. 5. Particulars of allegations inter alia: On 21st November 1971, the accused is alleged to have taken some 50 persons from Brahmanbaria sub-jail and killed them at a place near Pairtala Bridge where subsequently 42 dead bodies were disinterred. Eye witness accounts are available. This area was visited by Lt. General Niazi and Major General Majid Khan prior to the murder of intellectuals in Brahmanbaria. Evidence discloses a design to commit genocide in that area. 6. Proposed charges: Execution of plan of genocide, murder, false arrest, etc. 1. Name: Major Khurshid Omar 2. No. : PA4553 3. Unit: To be located (he was attached with 614 Intelligence Unit, Jessore Cantt.) 4. Post held: 5 Particulars of allegations inter alia: The accused was incharge of field intelligence unit at Jessore Cantt. at least from March 1971 till the surrender. He appears to have had responsibility for the collection of political intelligence and submission of intelligence reports of the political situation in that area.
Recommended publications
  • Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad (BDS)

    Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad (BDS)

    Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad (BDS) S# Candidate ID Name CNIC/NICOP/Passport Father Name Aggregate Category of Candidate 1 400119 Unaiza Ijaz 154023-376796-6 Ijaz Akhtar 92.66761364 Foreign Applicant 2 400218 Amal Fatima 362016-247810-6 Mohammad Saleem 92.29545455 Foreign Applicant 3 400266 Ayesha Khadim Hussain 323038-212415-6 Khadim Hussain 92.1875 Foreign Applicant 4 400114 Umar Fakhar 611012-326296-9 Nawaid Fakhar 90.6875 Foreign Applicant 5 302200 Parisa Saif Khan 61101-6413852-0 Saif Ullah Khan 90.47727273 Local Applicant 6 400148 Ayesha Bashir 373022-885861-0 Mirza Bashir Ahmed 89.78125 Foreign Applicant 7 303109 Sidra Batool 32203-4465194-8 Aman Ullah Khan 89.65909091 Local Applicant 8 300959 Linta Masroor 61101-6613020-4 Masroor Ahmad 89.56818182 Local Applicant 9 307998 Ujala Zaib 32102-7800856-0 Khalil Ur Rehman Buzdar 89.5 Local Applicant 10 301894 Alizay Ali 37301-8963956-8 Fawad Ali 89.38636364 Local Applicant 11 306454 Bakhtawar Mohsin Jami 42501-9843019-0 Mohsin Jami 89.20454545 Local Applicant 12 400237 Saad Sajjad Mughal AS9990403 Muhammad Sajjad Mughal 89.05113636 Foreign Applicant 13 400216 Hana Bilal 121016-527023-6 Muhammad Bilal Ahmad 88.94602273 Foreign Applicant 14 305067 Laiba Khalid 42201-1432628-6 Muhammad Khalid 88.93181818 Local Applicant 15 302632 Muhammad Akhtar 36203-8203731-9 Kareem Bukhsh 88.90909091 Local Applicant 16 301728 Ali Abbas Khan 33100-8906264-1 Shah Nawaz 88.90909091 Local Applicant 17 400059 Muhammad Sohaib Khan MJ4112853 Abdul Saeed Khan 88.86647727 Foreign Applicant
  • 1 Government College of Technology For

    1 Government College of Technology For

    Page # : 1 PUNJAB BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, LAHORE. ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY (THIRD YEAR), FIRST ANNUAL EXAMINATION, 2011 ROLL# NAME OF CANDIDATE MARKS FAILING SUBJECT(S) STATUS ROLL# NAME OF CANDIDATE MARKS FAILING SUBJECT(S) STATUS GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, SECTOR H8-1, 123464 SHAHZAD LIAQAT AR353(TH) FAIL ISLAMABAD 123465 MUHAMMAD UMAR RL SECOND YEAR 123434 MAHA MAZHAR BOKHARI 2363 PASS SARWAR NAJEEB UL HASSAN 2106 PASS 123435 ASMA AMJAD 2331 PASS 123466 HAFIZ FURRUKH MAQSOOD 2342 PASS 123436 SAMINA BIBI 2440 PASS 123467 HAFIZ MUHAMMAD BILAL 2413 PASS 123437 MARIAM BIBI RL SECOND YEAR 123468 MOHSIN ALI RL SECOND YEAR 123438 IFRA NAZAR 1953 PASS 123469 SHANILA HASHIM 2356 PASS 123439 GULNAZ BANO 2108 PASS 123470 RABIA MUZAFFAR 2433 PASS 123440 SAJIDA BATOOL RL SECOND YEAR 123471 ZEESHAN ASHIQ RL SECOND YEAR 123441 ASIYA SULTANA 2343 PASS 123472 MUHAMMAD AFNAN 2159 PASS 123442 SYEDA MAHAK ABBAS RL SECOND YEAR 123473 IBRAR SARDAR RL SECOND YEAR 123443 FARI SHANI RL SECOND YEAR 123474 HAFIZ FARHAN FAYYAZ 2244 PASS 123444 SIDRA MAJEED 2186 PASS 123475 SYED QASIM ABBAS RL SECOND YEAR 123445 MUNAZZAH ALMAS 2004 PASS 123476 TAHIR PERVAIZ 2234 PASS 123446 ZEENAT KANWAL AR373(SE) FAIL 123477 MUHAMMAD NADEEM 2144 PASS 123447 SANA NAZAR AWAN RL SECOND YEAR 123478 123479 AHSAN RAZA 2268 PASS AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, DEV SAMAJ ROAD, LAHORE 123480 SYED ALI SHAH AR353(TH) AR373(TH) FAIL 123448 MUNASIB ALI 2275 PASS 123481 SYED ALI RAZA RL SECOND YEAR 123449 MUHAMMAD ARSLAN RL FIRST YEAR 123482 NAYYER YOUSAF ISL/PAK
  • Group Identity and Civil-Military Relations in India and Pakistan By

    Group Identity and Civil-Military Relations in India and Pakistan By

    Group identity and civil-military relations in India and Pakistan by Brent Scott Williams B.S., United States Military Academy, 2003 M.A., Kansas State University, 2010 M.M.A., Command and General Staff College, 2015 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Security Studies College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2019 Abstract This dissertation asks why a military gives up power or never takes power when conditions favor a coup d’état in the cases of Pakistan and India. In most cases, civil-military relations literature focuses on civilian control in a democracy or the breakdown of that control. The focus of this research is the opposite: either the returning of civilian control or maintaining civilian control. Moreover, the approach taken in this dissertation is different because it assumes group identity, and the military’s inherent connection to society, determines the civil-military relationship. This dissertation provides a qualitative examination of two states, Pakistan and India, which have significant similarities, and attempts to discern if a group theory of civil-military relations helps to explain the actions of the militaries in both states. Both Pakistan and India inherited their military from the former British Raj. The British divided the British-Indian military into two militaries when Pakistan and India gained Independence. These events provide a solid foundation for a comparative study because both Pakistan’s and India’s militaries came from the same source. Second, the domestic events faced by both states are similar and range from famines to significant defeats in wars, ongoing insurgencies, and various other events.
  • Old Habits, New Consequences Old Habits, New Khalid Homayun Consequences Nadiri Pakistan’S Posture Toward Afghanistan Since 2001

    Old Habits, New Consequences Old Habits, New Khalid Homayun Consequences Nadiri Pakistan’S Posture Toward Afghanistan Since 2001

    Old Habits, New Consequences Old Habits, New Khalid Homayun Consequences Nadiri Pakistan’s Posture toward Afghanistan since 2001 Since the terrorist at- tacks of September 11, 2001, Pakistan has pursued a seemingly incongruous course of action in Afghanistan. It has participated in the U.S. and interna- tional intervention in Afghanistan both by allying itself with the military cam- paign against the Afghan Taliban and al-Qaida and by serving as the primary transit route for international military forces and matériel into Afghanistan.1 At the same time, the Pakistani security establishment has permitted much of the Afghan Taliban’s political leadership and many of its military command- ers to visit or reside in Pakistani urban centers. Why has Pakistan adopted this posture of Afghan Taliban accommodation despite its nominal participa- tion in the Afghanistan intervention and its public commitment to peace and stability in Afghanistan?2 This incongruence is all the more puzzling in light of the expansion of insurgent violence directed against Islamabad by the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), a coalition of militant organizations that are independent of the Afghan Taliban but that nonetheless possess social and po- litical links with Afghan cadres of the Taliban movement. With violence against Pakistan growing increasingly indiscriminate and costly, it remains un- clear why Islamabad has opted to accommodate the Afghan Taliban through- out the post-2001 period. Despite a considerable body of academic and journalistic literature on Pakistan’s relationship with Afghanistan since 2001, the subject of Pakistani accommodation of the Afghan Taliban remains largely unaddressed. Much of the existing literature identiªes Pakistan’s security competition with India as the exclusive or predominant driver of Pakistani policy vis-à-vis the Afghan Khalid Homayun Nadiri is a Ph.D.
  • Complete List of the Recipients of the Pakistan Civil Awards – 2021

    Complete List of the Recipients of the Pakistan Civil Awards – 2021

    Complete List of the Recipients of the Pakistan Civil Awards – 2021 President confers civil awards to 184 Pakistanis, foreigners for excellence, services President Dr Arif Alvi on August 14, 2020 conferred Pakistan’s civil awards to 184 Pakistanis and foreigners in recognition of their services to Pakistan and showing excellence in their respective fields. Among the civil awards conferred by the president on Independence day included Nishan- e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Sitarah-e-Pakistan, Sitarah-e- Shujaat and Sitarah-e-Imtiaz. The other categories included Pride of Performance, Sitarah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Sitarah-e-Khidmat, Tamgha-e-Pakistan, Tamgha-e- Shujaat, Tamgha-e-Imtiaz and Tamgha-e-Quaid-e-Azam. The investitures ceremony for the said awards would be held on March 23, 2021, according to a Cabinet Division press release. Following is the list of the awards and the would-be recipients along with the fields they served in. NISHAN-I-IMTIAZ Sadeqain Naqvi Arts (Painting/Sculpture) Prof. Shakir Ali Arts (Painting) Zahoor ul Haq (Late) Arts (Painting/ Sculpture) Ms. Abida Parveen Arts (Singing) Dr. Jameel Jalibi Muhammad Jameel Khan (Late) (Sindh) Literature (Critic/Historian) Ahmad Faraz (Late) (KP) Literature (Poetry) HILAL-I-IMTIAZ Prof. Dr. Anwar ul Hassan Gillani (Sindh) Science (Pharmaceutical Sciences) Dr. Asif Mahmood Jah (Punjab) Public Service HILAL-I-QUAID-I-AZAM Jack Ma (China) Services to Pakistan Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 1 Complete List of the Recipients of the Pakistan Civil Awards – 2021 SITARA-I-PAKISTAN
  • Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) Monazamet El Seha El Alamia Street Extension of Abdel Razak El Sanhouri Street P.O

    Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) Monazamet El Seha El Alamia Street Extension of Abdel Razak El Sanhouri Street P.O

    ISSN: 2071-2510 Vol. 11 No.2 For further information contact: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Knowledge Sharing and Production (KSP) Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) Monazamet El Seha El Alamia Street Extension of Abdel Razak El Sanhouri Street P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City Cairo 11371, Egypt Tel: +20 2 22765047 IMEMR Current Contents Fax: +20 2 22765424 September 2017 e-mail: [email protected] Vol. 16 No. 3 Providing Access to Health Knowledge to Build a Healthy Future http://www.emro.who.int/information-resources/imemr/imemr.html Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region with Abstracts IMEMR Current Contents September 2017 Vol. 16 No. 3 © World Health Organization 2017 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication.
  • The Professionalisation of the Indonesian Military

    The Professionalisation of the Indonesian Military

    The Professionalisation of the Indonesian Military Robertus Anugerah Purwoko Putro A thesis submitted to the University of New South Wales In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences July 2012 STATEMENTS Originality Statement I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. Copyright Statement I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Authenticity Statement I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis.
  • CANTONMENT BOARD ABBOTTABAD PROCEEDING of BOARD MEETING HELD on 27Th AUGUST, 2019

    CANTONMENT BOARD ABBOTTABAD PROCEEDING of BOARD MEETING HELD on 27Th AUGUST, 2019

    CANTONMENT BOARD ABBOTTABAD PROCEEDING OF BOARD MEETING HELD ON 27th AUGUST, 2019 CONTENTS 1 MONTHLY STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS .............................................................................. 5 2 MONTHLY ARREARS STATEMENTS ...................................................................................... 5 3 SANITARY DIARY ................................................................................................................... 6 4 ANNUAL ACCOUNTS OF RECEIPTS & EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR 2018-19 ................ 6 5 RE-APPROPRIATION FROM MAJOR TO MAJOR HEAD OF BUDGET ESTIMATES 2019-20 ................................................................................................................................................. 6 6 CONSIDERATION OF PURCHASE OF 4 NOS. CONSERVANCY VEHICLES (ESTIMATED COST RS.20.00 (M)SANCTIONED IN THE BUDGET ESTIMATES 2019-20........................... 7 7 ENLISTMENT AS APPROVED CONTRACTOR CANTONMENT BOARD ABBOTTABAD ... 8 8 APPROVAL OF ESTIMATES OF PUBLIC WORKS ................................................................. 8 9 REPAIR / MAINTENANCE OF STREET LIGHTS FROM MURREE CHOWK TO MISSILE CHOWK MANSEHRA ROAD, ABBOTTABAD BY LAYING 500 METER 4-CORE CABLE ... 9 10 IMPROVEMENT OF NULLAH & INSTALLATION OF IRON GRATING INFRONT OF FRIEND BAKERS SUPPLY, MANSEHRA ROAD ABBOTTABAD CANTT ........................................... 9 11 IMPROVEMENT OF WBM ROAD & INSTALLATION OF BARBED WIRE NEAR GATE AT CB TRENCHING GROUND SALHAD ........................................................................................
  • A Stranger in My Own Country East Pakistan 1969-1974

    A Stranger in My Own Country East Pakistan 1969-1974

    A Stranger in Ny Own Contry East Pakistan, 1969-1971 repreoduced by Sani H. Panhwar A Stra nger inm yow n c ountry Ea stPa kista n, 1969-1971 Ma jor Genera l (Retd) Kha dim Hussa inRa ja Reproducedb y Sa niH. Pa nhw a r C O N TEN TS Introduction By Muhammad Reza Kazimi .. .. .. .. .. 1 Chapter 1 The Brewing Storm .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Chapter 2 Prelude to the 1970 Elections .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 Chapter 3 The Rising Sun of the Awami League .. .. .. .. .. 22 Chapter 4 The Devastating Cyclone of November 1970 .. .. .. .. 26 Chapter 5 A No-Win Situation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 Chapter 6 The Crisis Deepens .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 Chapter 7 Lt. Gen. Tikka Khan in Action .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 Chapter 8 Operation Searchlight .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 Chapter 9 Last Words . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 63 Appendix A .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 70 Appendix B .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71 Appendix C .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 78 Introduction B y M uham m adReza Kazim i History, it is often said, 'is written by victors'. In the case of East Pakistan, it has been written by the losers. One general,1 one lieutenant general,2 four major generals,3 and two brigadiers4 have given their account of the events leading to the secession of East Pakistan. Some of their compatriots, who witnessed or participated in the event, are still reluctant to publish their impressions. The credibility of such accounts depends on whether they were written for self-justification or for introspection. The utility of such accounts depends on whether they are relevant. On both counts, these recollections of the late Major General Khadim Hussain Raja are of definite value. They are candid and revealing; they are also imbued with respect for the opposite point of view.
  • Local Governments Under Military Regimes in Pakistan: a Comparative Analysis

    Local Governments Under Military Regimes in Pakistan: a Comparative Analysis

    Pakistan Perspectives Vol. 21, No.1, January-June 2016 Local Governments under Military Regimes in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis Arshad Syed Karim* Abstract Pakistan is a unique country which has experienced changing patterns of local governments in its political history. One significant change appeared as a common factor found in the three military regimes which were led by General Ayub Khan, General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervaiz Musharraf. All these three military leaders explored possibilities of enhancing their popularity from the grassroot level, making local governments as their base. This research paper analyzes the characteristics of local governments given by the above there military dictators for their vested goal-achievements. However, they failed in their endeavor as their own philosophical democratic political society, leading to political development in Pakistan making them popular democratic leaders, could not be established. ______ Introduction Local government has come in the forefront of Pakistan’s political system, particularly, from the period of the military regime of General Ayub Khan. In its history of around over a decade after independence, Pakistan realized the importance of local government during the three military leaders of the country: General Ayub Khan, General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervaiz Musharraf. Incidentally, all three of them, who ruled the country with centralized authority for little over a decade, gave emphasis upon the development of local government. Although they had come into power from above, they tried to enhance their central authority from below. Generally speaking, in the continent of Asia which remained under the political administrative control and influence of the West during the 18th, 19th and almost half of the 20th century, the value of local politics for analyzing the political system renamed insignificant.
  • Politics of Combined Opposition Parties (Cop) During Ayub Khan Era (1958-1969)

    Politics of Combined Opposition Parties (Cop) During Ayub Khan Era (1958-1969)

    Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society Volume No. 31, Issue No. 1, January - June 2018 Akhtar Hussain * Politics of Combined Opposition Parties (Cop) During Ayub Khan Era (1958-1969) Abstract This Paper is about the Combined Opposition Parties, an electoral alliance which challenged Ayub Khan in the 1965 Presidential election. The alliance not only challenged but it gave a tough time through its effective mass mobilisation both in the urban and rural areas to one of the strongest military ruler in Pakistan. The alliance played a vital role in initiating critical debate and discussion in place of dead conformism, in rekindling and refurbishing the enfeebled and dying flame of democracy in Pakistan and thus setting the nation a new towards a democratic destiny. Furthermore this alliance made a female as its candidate for Presidentship which is a debatable issue among the orthodox Muslim scholars and religio-political parties of the country. The paper focuses on the political background, formation, strategies and politics of COP to get rid of the military ruler. The paper is mainly descriptive in approach yet partial analytical approach is also employed. Both primary and secondary sources of information are used in this article. Key Words: Democracy, Alliance politics, Military rule, Opposition politics, Political parties, Election. Introduction: Ayub Khan came into power after imposition of martial law in the country in October 1958. 1 He assured the nation about lifting of martial law with the fulfilment of its objectives i.e. removal of all the political, social, economic and administrative confusions that prevailed in the country.2 He banned all the Political parties, their offices were sealed and their capital was confiscated as according to him, “…the politicians had ruined the country through their corrupt practices”.3 In the first couple of years, he paid attention towards administration of the country and strengthening his rule.
  • Armed Forces War Course-2013 the Ministers the Hon’Ble Ministers Presented Their Vision

    Armed Forces War Course-2013 the Ministers the Hon’Ble Ministers Presented Their Vision

    National Defence College, Bangladesh PRODEEP 2013 A PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE MIRPUR CANTONMENT, DHAKA, BANGLADESH Editorial Board of Prodeep Governing Body Meeting Lt Gen Akbar Chief Patron 2 3 Col Shahnoor Lt Col Munir Editor in Chief Associate Editor Maj Mukim Lt Cdr Mahbuba CSO-3 Nazrul Assistant Editor Assistant Editor Assistant Editor Family Photo: Faculty Members-NDC Family Photo: Faculty Members-AFWC Lt Gen Mollah Fazle Akbar Brig Gen Muhammad Shams-ul Huda Commandant CI, AFWC Wg Maj Gen A K M Abdur Rahman R Adm Muhammad Anwarul Islam Col (Now Brig Gen) F M Zahid Hussain Col (Now Brig Gen) Abu Sayed Mohammad Ali 4 SDS (Army) - 1 SDS (Navy) DS (Army) - 1 DS (Army) - 2 5 AVM M Sanaul Huq Brig Gen Mesbah Ul Alam Chowdhury Capt Syed Misbah Uddin Ahmed Gp Capt Javed Tanveer Khan SDS (Air) SDS (Army) -2 (Now CI, AFWC Wg) DS (Navy) DS (Air) Jt Secy (Now Addl Secy) A F M Nurus Safa Chowdhury DG Saquib Ali Lt Col (Now Col) Md Faizur Rahman SDS (Civil) SDS (FA) DS (Army) - 3 Family Photo: Course Members - NDC 2013 Brig Gen Md Zafar Ullah Khan Brig Gen Md Ahsanul Huq Miah Brig Gen Md Shahidul Islam Brig Gen Md Shamsur Rahman Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army Brig Gen Md Abdur Razzaque Brig Gen S M Farhad Brig Gen Md Tanveer Iqbal Brig Gen Md Nurul Momen Khan 6 Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army 7 Brig Gen Ataul Hakim Sarwar Hasan Brig Gen Md Faruque-Ul-Haque Brig Gen Shah Sagirul Islam Brig Gen Shameem Ahmed Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Army Bangladesh