Aðgerðir Til Að Styrkja Samkeppnisaðstæður Á Póstmarkaði

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Aðgerðir Til Að Styrkja Samkeppnisaðstæður Á Póstmarkaði 17. febrúar 2017 Ákvörðun nr. 8/2017 Aðgerðir til að styrkja samkeppnisaðstæður á póstmarkaði EFNISYFIRLIT bls. I. SAMANTEKT .......................................................................................................4 1. Um Íslandspóst ......................................................................................... 4 2. Samkeppnishindranir á póstmarkaði ............................................................ 4 3. Sátt Íslandspósts og Samkeppniseftirlitsins .................................................. 6 4. Grundvöllur sáttar ..................................................................................... 8 5. Um mögulegt afnám einkaréttar og áhrif þess .............................................. 10 6. Um verkaskiptingu Samkeppniseftirlitsins og Póst- og fjarskiptastofnunar ....... 11 II. MÁLSMEÐFERÐ ................................................................................................ 13 1. Upphaf sáttarviðræðna .............................................................................. 13 1.1 Athugasemdir kvartenda við upphaf sáttarviðræðna .................................. 13 2. Sáttarviðræður og drög að sátt .................................................................. 16 2.1 Frekari gagnaöflun ................................................................................ 18 III. UM ÁKVÆÐI SAMKEPPNISLAGA ........................................................................ 21 IV. UM ÍSLANDSPÓST ........................................................................................... 24 1. Almennt um fyrirtækið .............................................................................. 24 2. Einkaréttur og alþjónusta .......................................................................... 25 V. MARKAÐIR OG STAÐA FYRIRTÆKJA Á ÞEIM ......................................................... 28 1. Vöru- og þjónustumarkaður ....................................................................... 28 1.1 Markaðsaðgreining póstþjónustu ............................................................. 28 1.1.1 Póstsöfnun/Póstmiðlun ........................................................................ 30 1.1.2 Markaður fyrir dreifingu áritaðs pósts.................................................... 30 1.1.3 Markaðir fyrir dreifingu óáritaðs pósts og dagblaðadreifingu .................... 31 1.1.4 Vöruflutningar og sendibílaakstur ......................................................... 33 1.1.5 Hraðpóstþjónusta ............................................................................... 36 2. Landfræðilegur markaður .......................................................................... 37 3. Staða Íslandspósts á mörkuðum málsins ..................................................... 37 3.1 Staða Íslandspósts á sviði almennrar póstþjónustu .................................... 38 3.2 Staða Íslandspósts á markaði fyrir vöruflutninga ....................................... 39 3.3 Staða Íslandspósts á öðrum mörkuðum og niðurstaða ............................... 39 VI. VÍXLNIÐURGREIÐSLA OG ÚRLAUSN SAMKEPPNISMÁLA Á PÓSTMARKAÐI ............ 41 1. Um víxlniðurgreiðslu ................................................................................. 43 2. Fyrirmæli póstþjónustulaga varðandi verð, gæði, bókhald og eftirlit PFS .......... 45 3. Deutsche Post I – Ákvörðun framkvæmdastjórnar ESB frá árinu 2001 ............. 47 4. Mál Post Danmark vegna kvörtunar Forbruger-Kontakt ................................. 52 5. LRAIC nálgunin ........................................................................................ 54 VII. AÐGERÐIR TIL AÐ STYRKJA SAMKEPPNISAÐSTÆÐUR Á PÓSTMARKAÐI .............. 58 1. Um I. kafla sáttarinnar - Markmið aðgerðanna og bakgrunnur ........................ 58 2. Um II. kafla – Innra starfsskipulag Íslandspósts og viðskipti við keppinauta ..... 58 3. Um III. kafla –Samkeppnisþættir innan Íslandspósts .................................... 59 3.1 Skilgreining á samkeppnisstarfsemi (6. gr.) .............................................. 60 3.2 Sérstök rekstraruppgjör vegna starfsemi móðurfélags (7. gr.) .................... 63 3.3 Afkoma einkaréttarvarinnar starfsemi á stakstæðum grunni (gr. 7.1) .......... 64 3.4 Um mat á langtímameðalviðbótarkostnaði samkeppnisþátta (gr. 7.2) .......... 64 3.5 Afkoma samkeppnisþáttar (gr. 7.3) ......................................................... 66 3.6 Víxlniðurgreiðsla (gr. 7.4) ....................................................................... 66 3.7 Aðgerðir vegna taps á samkeppnisstarfsemi innan móðurfélags (8. gr.) ....... 67 3.8 Viðbrögð vegna yfirvofandi taprekstrar (gr. 8.1) ........................................ 68 3.9 Mat á broti (gr. 8.2)............................................................................... 68 3.10 Aðgerðir (gr. 8.3) .................................................................................. 68 4. Um IV. kafla - Starfsemi dótturfélaga og viðskipti innan samstæðu ................. 68 4.1 Starfsemi sem reka skal í dótturfélagi (9. gr.) ........................................... 69 4.2 Rekstrar- og stjórnunarlegt sjálfstæði dótturfélaga (gr. 9.1) ....................... 69 4.3 Félagaform og fjármögnun dótturfélaga (gr. 9.2)....................................... 70 4.4 Viðskipti og samningar milli félaga innan samstæðunnar (gr. 9.3) ............... 70 4.5 Grunnviðskiptareglur (gr. 9.3.1) .............................................................. 70 4.6 Veiting stoðþjónustu til dótturfélags o.fl. (9.3.2 gr.) .................................. 71 4.7 Markaðssetning og samningagerð (gr. 9.3.3) ............................................ 71 4.8 Arðsemisstefna dótturfélaga (gr. 9.4) ...................................................... 71 4.9 Taprekstur dótturfélaga (gr. 9.5) ............................................................. 72 5. Um V. kafla – Samkeppnisréttaráætlun og eftirlit með fyrirmælum ................. 72 VIII. UM LOK RANNSÓKNA OG SJÓNARMIÐ KVARTENDA ...................................... 74 1. Rannsókn byggð á ábendingu Pósthússins ehf. varðandi dreifingu fjölpósts ...... 74 2. Rannsóknir tengdar innkomu Póstmarkaðarins á póstsöfnunarmarkað ............. 75 3. Erindi Póstmarkaðarins vegna tafar á dreifingu og gjaldskrár 51-2000 gr. ....... 78 4. Erindi Samskipa um meint brot Íslandspósts á flutningamarkaði ..................... 79 5. Erindi Póstmarkaðarins vegna Möppunnar ................................................... 79 6. Erindi Póstdreifingar um meint brot Íslandspósts á sviði fjölpóstdreifingar ....... 80 7. Ýmsar ábendingar .................................................................................... 80 8. Athugasemdir við drög að sátt ................................................................... 81 8.1 Póst- og fjarskiptastofnun....................................................................... 81 8.2 Póstdreifing .......................................................................................... 82 8.3 Póstmarkaðurinn ................................................................................... 83 8.4 Samskip ............................................................................................... 84 8. Mat Samkeppniseftirlitsins ......................................................................... 85 8.1 Eiga kvartendur rétt á því að tekin sé afstaða til ætlaðra brota? .................. 85 2 8.2 Sáttin byggir á málefnalegum sjónarmiðum .............................................. 91 8.3 Um gagnrýni á efnisatriði sáttarinnar ....................................................... 95 8.4 Um efnisatriði kvartana .......................................................................... 98 IX. ÁKVÖRÐUNARORÐ ........................................................................................ 106 3 I. SAMANTEKT Í ákvörðun þessari er gerð grein fyrir skuldbindingum sem Íslandspóstur hefur fallist á að hlíta, með það að markmiði að vinna gegn samkeppnishömlum sem að mati Samkeppniseftirlitsins hafa stafað af stöðu Íslandspósts á póstmarkaði, einkum á grundvelli einkaréttar félagsins á dreifingu áritaðra bréfa. Með því eru samkeppnisaðstæður á markaðnum bættar til muna. Skuldbindingarnar grundvallast á sátt milli Íslandspósts ohf. og Samkeppniseftirlitsins, en Íslandspóstur óskaði eftir viðræðum um sátt. 1. Um Íslandspóst Starfsemi Íslandspósts er reist á aldagömlum grunni. Þannig var póstmálum á Íslandi komið undir sérstaka stjórn undir lok 19. aldar, fyrstu íslensku frímerkin gefin út og fyrstu pósthúsin sett á stofn. Árið 1935 var póstreksturinn sameinaður símarekstri ríkisins, undir merkjum Póst- og símamálastofnunar. Árið 1996 samþykkti Alþingi lög um stofnun hlutafélags um rekstur Pósts- og símamálastofnunar og í upphafi árs 1998 varð hlutafélagið Íslandspóstur hf. til þegar Pósti og síma var skipt upp. Ríkissjóður er áfram eigandi að öllu hlutafé í Íslandspósti. Samkvæmt 7. gr. laga nr. 19/2002 um póstþjónustu, hefur íslenska ríkið enn einkarétt á póstþjónustu vegna áritaðra bréfa allt að 50 gr. Annast Íslandspóstur einkarétt ríkisins á grundvelli rekstrarleyfis frá Póst- og fjarskiptastofnun. Jafnframt hefur Íslandspósti verið falið að sinna alþjónustu í samræmi við IV. kafla fyrrgreindra laga. Framangreind áralöng uppbygging og viðhald póstþjónustu á vegum ríkisins, sem nú er rekin á vettvangi Íslandspósts, hefur tryggt fyrirtækinu afar sterka stöðu á póstmörkuðum. Vegna einkaréttarins hefur fyrirtækið 100% markaðshlutdeild í dreifingu áritaðs pósts 0- 50 gr. og á grunni
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