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LOGISTICS SYSTEM AND PROCESS IN EXPRESS DELIVERY SERVICE COMPANIES Hanzheng Zhu Bachelor’s Thesis May, 2010 Degree Programme in Logistics Engineering Technology, Communication and Transport DESCRIPTION Author(s) Type of publication Date Bachelor´s Thesis 25/05/2010 Zhu Hanzheng Pages Language 53+7 English Confidential Permission for web ( ) Until publication ( X ) Title LOGISTICS SYSTEM AND PROCESS IN EXPRESS DELIVERY SERVICE COMPANIES Degree Programme Degree Programme in Logistics Engineering Tutor(s) Salmijärvi Olli Assigned by Xi’an Express Mail Service Logistics Company of China Post Abstract Express delivery services (EDS), as a young industry, are currently experiencing a rapid growth to fulfill the increasing demand. With the aims of being fast, safe, controllable and traceable, EDS companies have developed a quite different logistics network and systems in their logistics process. The purpose of this study was to describe EDS network models, like the spoke-hub paradigm, as well as the way of EDS processing. It was also studied how much of advanced and automated technologies and methods, like geographical information system, are used for optimizing the network, accelerating the delivery speed and improving services. The whole logistics chain of EDS was to be presented in this thesis. Express Mail Service (EMS), a large Chinese express delivery corporation, plays an important role in this market. Its significant part, EMS of China Post corporation, is now experiencing hard competition. This thesis went deeper inside the Chinese EMS company and found reasons that have led to competitive advantages and weaknesses through using the SWOT analysis. The research material included a lot of information and data from EMS company and its market and from the author’s internship experience. As a result, it can be stated that the Chinese EMS company should become more independent and keep learning from foreign EDS companies and adopt a differentiated strategy based on its advantage in the domestic network. In the end, development suggestions to improve the company’s network and services and conquer the current challenges are given. The clients expect faster, safer and more reliable EDS services with a good customer service to meet their different requirements and growing demand. Keywords Express delivery services, express mail services, logistics system, spoke-hub paradigm, network. Miscellaneous 1 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 3 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 3 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND GOALS ........................................................................ 4 2. RESEARCH ................................................................................................. 5 2.1 RESEARCH METHODS ................................................................................ 5 2.2 RESEARCH TOOLS ..................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 ABC Analysis ................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 SWOT Analysis ................................................................................ 7 3 LOGISTICS PROCESS IN EXPRESS DELIVERY SERVICES..................... 8 3.1 CHARACTERS & SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEM IN EXPRESS DELIVERY SERVICES COMPANIES ....................................................... 8 3.2 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ...................................................................... 9 3.3 DISTRIBUTION AND DELIVERY.................................................................... 11 3.3.1 Spoke-hub Distribution Paradigm ............................................... 11 3.3.2 Node Set and Route Plan .............................................................. 13 3.4 TRANSPORTATION .................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 Air Transport .................................................................................. 15 3.4.2 Railway Transport ......................................................................... 16 3.4.3 “The last kilometer” Transport ..................................................... 17 3.4.4 Others in Transportation .............................................................. 17 3.5 WAREHOUSING ........................................................................................ 18 3.5.1 Warehousing Characters in Express Delivery Services ............ 20 3.5.2 EDS Companies’ Warehousing Strategy ..................................... 20 3.5.3 EDS Companies’ Warehousing Operation .................................. 22 4 EMS COOPERATIVE .................................................................................. 25 4.1 HISTORY ................................................................................................. 25 4.2 EMS IN CHINA: HISTORY AND THE PRESENT .............................................. 26 5. ANALYSIS OF CHINESE EMS LOGISTICS SYSTEM AND PROCESS ... 28 5.1 PARCEL DELIVERING PROCESS ................................................................. 28 5.1.1 Post Office ..................................................................................... 28 5.1.2 Distribution Center ........................................................................ 30 5.1.3 Warehouse ..................................................................................... 32 5.2 DEPARTMENT COORDINATION AND THE FLOW OF WORK ............................. 33 5.3 NETWORK MONITORING ........................................................................... 35 5.3 EMS STRATEGY ANALYSIS ....................................................................... 37 6 COMPETITIVE ............................................................................................ 38 2 6.1 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR EMS OF CHINA POST ............................................. 38 6.1.1 Strengths ....................................................................................... 39 6.1.2 Weaknesses ................................................................................... 40 6.1.3 Opportunities ................................................................................. 42 6.1.4 Threats ........................................................................................... 43 6.2 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITORS ................................................................. 43 6.3 LOCAL COMPETITORS .............................................................................. 47 7 DEVELOPMENT SUGGESTIONS .............................................................. 49 8 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 51 REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 52 APPENDIXES ................................................................................................ 54 APPENDIX 1. EMS COOPERATIVE MEMBERS .................................................... 54 APPENDIX 2. EMS COOPERATIVE CONTRACTED DELIVERY AGENTS ................... 60 FIGURES FIGURE 1.EMS’s information system and operation process. ....................... 10 FIGURE 2. Airline spoke-hub paradigm (Stannered 2008) ............................. 12 FIGURE 3. Logistics network and distribution centers of China Post (Photo is taken by myself, 2009) ................................................................................... 31 FIGURE 4. Distribution center of China Post (Photo is taken by myself, 2009) ....................................................................................................................... 32 FIGURE 5. EMS warehouse in Xi’an (Photo is taken by myself, 2009) .......... 33 FIGURE 6. EMS online tracking web page..................................................... 36 TABLE 1. Presentation of SWOT analysis ........................................................ 7 TABLE 2. EMS Size and Weight Limits (Source from Japan post website) .... 29 TABLE 3. SWOT Analysis of Chinese EMS .................................................... 39 TABLE 4. General comparison between Chinese EMS and four International EDS groups. (Source from these companies WebPages) .............................. 44 TABLE 5. Average international delivery price of EMS and four international EDS groups. (Source from: report of China Post and these companies WebPages.) .................................................................................................... 46 3 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Express services, which are also called express delivery services (EDS), are known to most of us. But 50 years ago, it was a brand new area for people. It was born in the United States in 1960’s. In its short history, express services have experienced a rapid growth and have expanded all over the world. United States International Trade Commission (USITC) defines this industry that “The express delivery services industry comprises firms that provide expedited movement of document, parcels and other goods. These firms maintain control over the shipments throughout the delivery process and often use technology to monitor the location of each item.”(U.S. International Trade Commission 2004, 6-1.) Nowadays, there are many express service companies playing important roles in the field of express service. The most famous groups, such as UPS, FedEx, DHL and EMS, are known for the rapid and accurate
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