Iran Case File (September 2020)
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Iran's Nuclear Ambitions From
IDENTITY AND LEGITIMACY: IRAN’S NUCLEAR AMBITIONS FROM NON- TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVES Pupak Mohebali Doctor of Philosophy University of York Politics June 2017 Abstract This thesis examines the impact of Iranian elites’ conceptions of national identity on decisions affecting Iran's nuclear programme and the P5+1 nuclear negotiations. “Why has the development of an indigenous nuclear fuel cycle been portrayed as a unifying symbol of national identity in Iran, especially since 2002 following the revelation of clandestine nuclear activities”? This is the key research question that explores the Iranian political elites’ perspectives on nuclear policy actions. My main empirical data is elite interviews. Another valuable source of empirical data is a discourse analysis of Iranian leaders’ statements on various aspects of the nuclear programme. The major focus of the thesis is how the discourses of Iranian national identity have been influential in nuclear decision-making among the national elites. In this thesis, I examine Iranian national identity components, including Persian nationalism, Shia Islamic identity, Islamic Revolutionary ideology, and modernity and technological advancement. Traditional rationalist IR approaches, such as realism fail to explain how effective national identity is in the context of foreign policy decision-making. I thus discuss the connection between national identity, prestige and bargaining leverage using a social constructivist approach. According to constructivism, states’ cultures and identities are not established realities, but the outcomes of historical and social processes. The Iranian nuclear programme has a symbolic nature that mingles with socially constructed values. There is the need to look at Iran’s nuclear intentions not necessarily through the lens of a nuclear weapons programme, but rather through the regime’s overall nuclear aspirations. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 14 August 2017
United Nations A/72/322 General Assembly Distr.: General 14 August 2017 Original: English Seventy-second session Item 73 (c) of the provisional agenda* Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran Note by the Secretary-General** The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the General Assembly the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 34/23. * A/72/150. ** The present report was submitted after the deadline as a result of consultations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. 17-13925 (E) 230817 *1713925* A/72/322 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran Summary During its thirty-third session, the Human Rights Council appointed Asma Jahangir as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present report outlines the activities carried out by the Special Rapporteur since the issuance of her first report to the Council (A/HRC/34/65), examines ongoing issues and presents some of the most recent and pressing developments in the area of human rights in the country. Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................... 3 II. Charter on Citizens’ Rights ....................................................... 4 III. Civil and political rights ......................................................... 4 A. Right to take part in the conduct of public affairs ................................ 4 B. Rights to freedom of expression, opinion, information and the press ................. 6 C. -
13683 Wednesday JUNE 10, 2020 Khordad 21, 1399 Shawwal 18, 1441 Lavrov Calls U.S
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 12 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13683 Wednesday JUNE 10, 2020 Khordad 21, 1399 Shawwal 18, 1441 Lavrov calls U.S. attempts Why COVID-19 claims fewer Payam Niazmand a Bonhams to offer to impose arms embargo lives in Iran compared to dream can come true works by Iranian on Iran ‘ridiculous’ 2 many other countries? 9 for Persepolis 11 artists 12 CIA spy faces death for gathering intel on Qassem Soleimani: Iran TEHRAN — Iranian Judiciary spokesman provided them with intelligence on se- Iranian Gholamhossein Esmaeili announces a CIA curity issues such as the Guards Quds spy who was gathering intelligence about Force and the location of martyr Qassem the IRGC Quds Force and martyr General Soleimani in exchange for U.S. dollars was Qassem Soleimani has been sentenced sentenced to death by the Revolution Court, to death. and the verdict has been confirmed by the “Recently, a person named Seyed Supreme Court and will be implemented economy Mahmoud Mousavi-Mojed, who had soon,” Esmaeili announced during a press connections with Mossad and CIA and conference on Tuesday. 3 to get back Memoirs of Koniko Yamamura, mother of martyr Mohammad Babai, ready for publication TEHRAN – Iranian writer Hamid He- er whose son was martyred during the sam, the Islamic Revolution Artist of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war, and this book on track in Year in 2018, plans to publish memoirs of will cover the memories of the mother Koniko Yamamura, the mother of martyr of the martyr. -
13706 Thursday JULY 9, 2020 Tir 19, 1399 Dhi Al Qada 17, 1441 U.S
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 12 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13706 Thursday JULY 9, 2020 Tir 19, 1399 Dhi Al Qada 17, 1441 U.S. bases might Aircraft engine repair NOC president asks UWW Artists making children’s be shut down center to be set up at to accelerate Ghasemi’s day at Mahak by in future 3 Payam Airport 4 medal reallocation 11 storytelling 12 Iran-EAEU trade taskforce holds first meeting online Iran, Syria sign military TEHRAN — The first meeting of Iran-Eur- remove the barriers existing in the way asian Economic Union (EAEU) trade task- of bilateral trade through mutual coop- force, which was set up to expand trade eration.” between the two sides after they inked a Having the annual trade of over $800 preferential agreement in October 2019, billion, the EAEU members play some was held online. significant role in the global trade, and and security agreement The meeting was participated by the expansion of trade with these countries is head of Iran’s Trade Promotion Organ- very important for Iran, he added. ization (TPO), and Iranian ambassador Iran-EAEU trade stands at over $2 See page 2 to Russia, as well as some other Iranian billion for the moment, which could be and EAEU officials, IRIB reported. increased to $5 million in the short-term Addressing the meeting, TPO Head and to $10 billion in the long-term period, Hamid Zadboum said, “We are trying to Zadboum noted. -
Nombramiento Que Expide El Titular Del Ejecutivo Federal a Favor Del C. José Alfonso Zegbe Camarena
DOCUMENTO DE APOYO CON MOTIVO DEL PROCESO DE RATIFICACIÓN DEL H. SENADO DE LA REPÚBLICA, AL NOMBRAMIENTO DEL C. JOSÉ ALFONSO ZEGBE CAMARENA COMO EMBAJADOR EXTRAORDINARIO Y PLENIPOTENCIARIO DE MÉXICO ANTE LA REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DE IRÁN Y CONCURRENTE ANTE LA REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DE AFGANISTÁN, LA REPÚBLICA KIRGUISA, LA REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DE PAKISTÁN, LA REPÚBLICA DE TAYIKISTÁN Y LA REPÚBLICA DE UZBEKISTÁN 2016 Irán (República Islámica del) 23/11/16 Contenido IRÁN (REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DEL) A. Datos básicos ............................................................................................................................................... 5 A. 1 Características generales .......................................................................................................................... 5 A.2 Indicadores sociales .................................................................................................................................. 6 A.3 Estructura del Producto Interno Bruto ..................................................................................................... 6 A.4 Coyuntura económica ............................................................................................................................... 7 A.5 Comercio exterior...................................................................................................................................... 7 A.6 Distribución de comercio por países ........................................................................................................ -
The Path Dependent Nature of Factionalism in Post- Khomeini Iran
HH Sheikh Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Series The Path Dependent Nature of Factionalism in Post-Khomeini Iran Ariabarzan Mohammadi Number 13: December 2014 About the Author Dr Ariabarzan Mohammadi is a Visiting Research Fellow with teaching duties in the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University for 2014-15. Disclaimer The views expressed in the HH Sheikh Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the School or of Durham University. These wide ranging Research Working Papers are products of the scholarship under the auspices of the al-Sabah Programme and are disseminated in this early form to encourage debate on the important academic and policy issues of our time. Copyright belongs to the Author(s). Bibliographical references to the HH Sheikh Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Series should be as follows: Author(s), Paper Title (Durham, UK: al-Sabah Number, date). 2 | P a g e The Path Dependent Nature of Factionalism in Post- Khomeini Iran Dr Ariabarzan Mohammadi Abstract The main claim of this paper is that the anti-party system in Iran, or what is known as factionalism, is subject to a path dependent process. The political system in post- Khomeini Iran is not based on political parties. The authoritarian regime in Iran has not developed into a ruling party system as in Egypt under Mubarak. Instead, through its different stages of institutionalisation, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has gradually degenerated from what looked like a single party system during the ascendancy of the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) in the first and second Majlis (the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran), to an anti-party, factional system that has continued to the present. -
Tehran, Moscow Set Roadmap for Strategic Economic Co-Op
Iran’s parliamentary Japan’s TonenGeneral Iran’s 2016 Olympic Iranian theater 21112group to visit 4 buys first oil uniforms revealed troupe pays tribute NATION Damascus ECONOMY from Iran: sources SPORTS ART& CULTURE to Anton Chekhov WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y ‘Iran resolved to open new chapter in cooperation with ASEAN’ 2 12 Pages Price 10,000 Rials 38th year No.12611 Sunday JULY 31, 2016 Mordad 10, 1395 Shawwal 26, 1437 Failed coup Al-Nusra strengthened Turkish Tehran, Moscow set roadmap rebranding unity: ambassador for strategic economic co-op just ‘word EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW By Ali Kushki and Parvin Telli Iran and Russia are to sign a five-year Iranian Communications and Informa- Vaezi and Novak, who co-chaired play’: Iran strategic cooperation plan on more tion Technology Minister Mahmoud the Russian-Iranian intergovernmental TEHRAN — Two weeks after the July 15 coup, the Tehran than 70 industrial projects. Vaezi to Moscow, starting from July 26, commission on trade and economic POLITICAL TEHRAN — Irani- Times sat face-to-face with Turkish ambassador to Tehran The two countries conferred on tak- and his meetings with various Russian cooperation, told reporters about the deskan Foreign Ministry Riza Hakan Tekin to hear his remarks about the pre- and ing bilateral economic partnership into senior officials including Energy Minister outcomes of their meeting in a news spokesman Bahram Qassemi said on post-coup Turkey. a new level during the four-day visit of Alexander Novak. conference on Friday. Thursday that changing the name of Too strong to be defeated by tanks and helicopters, Al-Nusra Front to Jabhat Fatah al-Sh- said the ambassador, hailing the Turkish people’s will. -
Cultural Consulate of Embassy of I.R. Iran – Pretoria
IRAN October 16-21, 2016 FOCUS A LOOK AT REAL IRAN IN WEEKLY NEWS Issue No.3 CULTURAL CONSULATE OF EMBASSY OF I.R. IRAN – PRETORIA 2 Introduction: Iran: A concise History “Certain regions of the world are distinguishable as being associated with a particular human culture pattern, which is at once distinctive in character and also sufficiently strong to have survived as a readily identifiable entity over many centuries… Of these regions, Iran is certainly one”. Cambridge History of Iran Known as Persia until 1935, Iran is a country with a history of over 10000 years and home to one of the oldest known civilizations. Persia, or Iran, as the country is more appropriately called, presents a lexicon of human history matched only by a handful of other countries in the world. The name Persia is derived from the Persis, a province in southern Iran from which a southern Iranian tribe, known as the “Persians” created a world empire in the sixth century B.C. The name Iran, pronounced “Eran”, however, comes from the term “Aryan” meaning “the land of nobles”, a name first used about the first millennium B.C. ‘Iran’ as a territory has multiple meanings. Broadly and devoid of any sort of political or territorial claims, one can see it as three regions. First, there is modern Iran, within its international borders. Then there is ‘Greater Iran or / ‘Iran exterieur comprising the additional areas that once formed part of the Iranian world at various times in history. Lastly, there are the areas, sometimes very remote from the center, including parts of Europe and India that exhibit Iranian influence. -
Monthly Economic & Commercial
Embassy of India Tehran *** No.TEH/COM/201/1/2016 10th February, 2016 ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL REPORT January 2016 Iran: 1.1 Iranian Energy Minister Hamid Chitchian announced that a number of electricity generation projects, worth €28 billion, are planned to be offered to foreign investors. New power plants will add 47,000 to 50,000 megawatts (MV) to Iran’s current electricity generation capacity in the course of ten years. To meet the ten-year target $5 billion of investment per year will be required in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Iranian Deputy Energy Minister Houshang Falahatian announced that contracts to set up solar and wind power plants, generating 1000 megawatts of electricity, will be concluded by March 19, 2016 which marks the end of current Iranian calendar year. The Iranian Energy Ministry offers incentives to companies that will make investment in the generation of electricity from clean energy resources in the country. The incentive, which is the long-term purchase of the generated electricity, is granted to both Iranian and foreign companies. 1.2 Seyed Mohsen Qamsari, the director for international affairs at the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) elaborated on Iran’s plans of selling oil in post-sanctions era. Main strategies of Iran to boost oil exports are finding new customers, resuming negotiations with old customers and buying refineries abroad. Iran has repeatedly announced to raise oil output by 500,000 barrels per day (bpd) post sanctions, and another 500,000 bpd shortly after that. As crude market is oversupplied by 2.5 million to 3 million bpd, prices may be further affected by Iran’s plan to add more oil in the market. -
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Atlantic Council US-Iran Reconciliation Under President Rouhani? Welcome and Moderator: Barbara Slavin Senior Fellow, South Asia Center Atlantic Council Speakers: Haleh Esfandiari, Director, Middle East Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Robert Einhorn, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution Kenneth Katzman, Specialist, Middle East Affairs, Congressional Research Service Location: 1030 15th Street, NW, 12th Floor, Washington, D.C. Time: 9:30 a.m. EDT Date: Thursday, September 12, 2013 Transcript by Federal News Service Washington, D.C. HALEH ESFANDIARI: A friend who likes Rouhani asked me the other day: "Did you see how stylish our new president is?" Stylish? I hadn't heard this adjective used for Iran's new President, Hassan Rouhani, before. "How come?" I asked "Oh!" my friend said, "he wears a long, dark purple shirt under his cloak." I checked on the web and indeed she was right. Mr. Rouhani is most elegantly dressed. This exchange reminded me another one I had – on that occasion with a talkative taxi driver, in a cab I was riding in Tehran, very soon after Ahmadinejad was elected President eight years ago. The cab driver told me: "Our new president needs a good tailor. His clothes are hanging on his frame. His jacket is too wide, the sleeves are too long, the cuffs of his trousers drag on the floor." He went on and on about the president’s poor taste in clothes. "He doesn't look presidential," he said. "He is an embarrassment to Iran." Little did my interlocutor know that the former President's ill-fitting suits would be the least of the calamities he would visit on Iran. -
Souhrnná Terirotální Informace Írán
SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Írán Souhrnná teritoriální informace Írán Zastupitelský úřad 14. 5. 2020 10:28 Seznam kapitol souhrnné teritoriální informace: 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled (s.2) 2. Zahraniční obchod a investice (s.9) 3. Vztahy země s EU (s.13) 4. Obchodní a ekonomická spolupráce s ČR (s.17) 5. Mapa oborových příležitostí - perspektivní položky českého exportu (s.21) 6. Základní podmínky pro uplatnění českého zboží na trhu (s.23) 7. Kontakty (s.40) 1/42 http://www.businessinfo.cz/iran SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Írán 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled Podkapitoly: 1.1. Oficiální název státu, složení vlády 1.2. Demografické tendence: Počet obyvatel, průměrný roční přírůstek, demografické složení (vč. národnosti, náboženských skupin) 1.3. Základní makroekonomické ukazatele za posledních 5 let (nominální HDP/obyv., vývoj objemu HDP, míra inflace, míra nezaměstnanosti). Očekávaný vývoj v teritoriu s akcentem na ekonomickou sféru. 1.4. Veřejné finance, státní rozpočet - příjmy, výdaje, saldo za posledních 5 let 1.5. Platební bilance (běžný, kapitálový, finanční účet), devizové rezervy (za posledních 5 let), veřejný dluh vůči HDP, zahraniční zadluženost, dluhová služba 1.6. Bankovní systém (hlavní banky a pojišťovny) 1.7. Daňový systém 1.1 Oficiální název státu, složení vlády Islámská republika Írán • persky: Džomhúrí-je eslámí-je Írán • anglicky: The Islamic Republic of Iran Níže je uvedeno složení vlády a jména klíčových představitelů v administrativě íránského prezidenta -
September 2017 Tightening the Net Report
Tightening the Net A New Cabinet and New Attempts at Control September 2017 Introduction Despite being elected on a mandate of greater freedoms ARTICLE 19 has been following government eforts to and moderation, President Hassan Rouhani’s appointment centralise data to Iran throughout the “Tightening the Net” of hardliners to cabinet positions in the months since reports and briefngs, starting with the plans for the National his re-election is a worrying confrmation that promised Information Network1, built to bring and maintain the majority improvements for freedoms online will remain unfulflled. of online content, servers, data, and networks inside the country. This goal has become a particular concern during Developments in the period covered by this brief (from mid- recent months, after the Supreme Council of Cyberspace June to the end of August 2017) exemplify the concerning released a regulatory document, writing into law the eforts situation for Internet freedoms in Iran. to put all data in the hands of the Iranian government (See Appendix). First, raising many concerns is the appointment of the new Minister of Information Communications and Technology, ARTICLE 19 continues to demand that Iran repeal vague laws Mohammad-Javad Azari Jahromi. His appointment has already and policies which erode the rights to freedom of expression stirred controversy, after a career spent in the Ministry of and privacy which are guaranteed within Iran’s constitution. Intelligence, where he was personally involved in building surveillance infrastructure, and directly took part in interrogations In this briefng, we also highlight the responsibility of and abuse of individuals involved in the 2009 Green Movement technology companies and platforms, such as Telegram and protests.