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Iran's Nuclear Ambitions From
IDENTITY AND LEGITIMACY: IRAN’S NUCLEAR AMBITIONS FROM NON- TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVES Pupak Mohebali Doctor of Philosophy University of York Politics June 2017 Abstract This thesis examines the impact of Iranian elites’ conceptions of national identity on decisions affecting Iran's nuclear programme and the P5+1 nuclear negotiations. “Why has the development of an indigenous nuclear fuel cycle been portrayed as a unifying symbol of national identity in Iran, especially since 2002 following the revelation of clandestine nuclear activities”? This is the key research question that explores the Iranian political elites’ perspectives on nuclear policy actions. My main empirical data is elite interviews. Another valuable source of empirical data is a discourse analysis of Iranian leaders’ statements on various aspects of the nuclear programme. The major focus of the thesis is how the discourses of Iranian national identity have been influential in nuclear decision-making among the national elites. In this thesis, I examine Iranian national identity components, including Persian nationalism, Shia Islamic identity, Islamic Revolutionary ideology, and modernity and technological advancement. Traditional rationalist IR approaches, such as realism fail to explain how effective national identity is in the context of foreign policy decision-making. I thus discuss the connection between national identity, prestige and bargaining leverage using a social constructivist approach. According to constructivism, states’ cultures and identities are not established realities, but the outcomes of historical and social processes. The Iranian nuclear programme has a symbolic nature that mingles with socially constructed values. There is the need to look at Iran’s nuclear intentions not necessarily through the lens of a nuclear weapons programme, but rather through the regime’s overall nuclear aspirations. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 14 August 2017
United Nations A/72/322 General Assembly Distr.: General 14 August 2017 Original: English Seventy-second session Item 73 (c) of the provisional agenda* Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran Note by the Secretary-General** The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the General Assembly the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 34/23. * A/72/150. ** The present report was submitted after the deadline as a result of consultations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. 17-13925 (E) 230817 *1713925* A/72/322 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran Summary During its thirty-third session, the Human Rights Council appointed Asma Jahangir as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present report outlines the activities carried out by the Special Rapporteur since the issuance of her first report to the Council (A/HRC/34/65), examines ongoing issues and presents some of the most recent and pressing developments in the area of human rights in the country. Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................... 3 II. Charter on Citizens’ Rights ....................................................... 4 III. Civil and political rights ......................................................... 4 A. Right to take part in the conduct of public affairs ................................ 4 B. Rights to freedom of expression, opinion, information and the press ................. 6 C. -
La Elección De Hassan Rouhani En 2013 Y El Desarrollo De La Política Interna
El Colegio de México Centro de Estudios de Asia y África FACCIONALISMO POLÍTICO EN IRÁN: LA ELECCIÓN DE HASSAN ROUHANI EN 2013 Y EL DESARROLLO DE LA POLÍTICA INTERNA Tesis presentada por DOLORES PATRICIA MARÍN DÍAZ para optar al grado de MAESTRÍA EN ESTUDIOS DE ASIA Y ÁFRICA ESPECIALIDAD: MEDIO ORIENTE DIRECTOR: DR. LUIS MESA DELMONTE Ciudad de México, 2017 Agradecimientos En primer lugar, quisiera agradecer a mi familia, a mis padres Catalina y Patricio, que me han apoyado en cada una de las decisiones que he tomado en la vida, sin que el hecho de estudiar una maestría en la Ciudad de México fuera una excepción. Gracias por su apoyo incondicional y por las incontables muestras de cariño a lo largo de este proceso y de todos los que tuvieron que ocurrir antes para poder llegar hasta aquí. Gracias también a Guille y Diana, que son elementos primordiales de esta familia y que me han apoyado en todo momento. Al profesor Luis Mesa, no sólo por haber dirigido este trabajo de investigación, sino por el interés y esfuerzo que puso como asesor y como maestro y por la pasión contagiosa con la que impregna cada una de sus clases. A él, toda mi admiración y cariño. A los profesores del CEAA, que contribuyeron a mi formación compartiendo sus conocimientos, especialmente al profesor Khalid Chami, quien nos mostró la diversidad de facetas del (los) mundo(s) árabe(s) a las que uno puede tener acceso a través de la lengua; y cuyas enseñanzas trascienden el salón de clases. A mis lectores, la profesora Marcela Álvarez y el profesor Moisés Garduño, por haberse tomado el tiempo para leer y comentar la investigación, y por haber compartido sus conocimientos a lo largo de este camino. -
Elections in Iran 2017 Presidential and Municipal Elections
Elections in Iran 2017 Presidential and Municipal Elections Frequently Asked Questions Middle East and North Africa International Foundation for Electoral Systems 2011 Crystal Drive | Floor 10 | Arlington, VA 22202 | www.IFES.org May 15, 2017 Frequently Asked Questions When is Election Day? ................................................................................................................................... 1 Who will Iranians elect on May 19? .............................................................................................................. 1 What is the Guardian Council, and what is its mandate in Iran’s electoral process? ................................... 1 What is the Central Executive Election Board? What is its mandate? ......................................................... 2 What is the legal framework for elections in Iran? ...................................................................................... 2 What does the Law on Presidential Elections entail? ................................................................................... 3 What electoral system is used in Iran? ......................................................................................................... 3 Who is eligible to vote?................................................................................................................................. 3 Who can stand as a presidential candidate? ................................................................................................ 4 How is election -
13683 Wednesday JUNE 10, 2020 Khordad 21, 1399 Shawwal 18, 1441 Lavrov Calls U.S
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 12 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13683 Wednesday JUNE 10, 2020 Khordad 21, 1399 Shawwal 18, 1441 Lavrov calls U.S. attempts Why COVID-19 claims fewer Payam Niazmand a Bonhams to offer to impose arms embargo lives in Iran compared to dream can come true works by Iranian on Iran ‘ridiculous’ 2 many other countries? 9 for Persepolis 11 artists 12 CIA spy faces death for gathering intel on Qassem Soleimani: Iran TEHRAN — Iranian Judiciary spokesman provided them with intelligence on se- Iranian Gholamhossein Esmaeili announces a CIA curity issues such as the Guards Quds spy who was gathering intelligence about Force and the location of martyr Qassem the IRGC Quds Force and martyr General Soleimani in exchange for U.S. dollars was Qassem Soleimani has been sentenced sentenced to death by the Revolution Court, to death. and the verdict has been confirmed by the “Recently, a person named Seyed Supreme Court and will be implemented economy Mahmoud Mousavi-Mojed, who had soon,” Esmaeili announced during a press connections with Mossad and CIA and conference on Tuesday. 3 to get back Memoirs of Koniko Yamamura, mother of martyr Mohammad Babai, ready for publication TEHRAN – Iranian writer Hamid He- er whose son was martyred during the sam, the Islamic Revolution Artist of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war, and this book on track in Year in 2018, plans to publish memoirs of will cover the memories of the mother Koniko Yamamura, the mother of martyr of the martyr. -
13706 Thursday JULY 9, 2020 Tir 19, 1399 Dhi Al Qada 17, 1441 U.S
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 12 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13706 Thursday JULY 9, 2020 Tir 19, 1399 Dhi Al Qada 17, 1441 U.S. bases might Aircraft engine repair NOC president asks UWW Artists making children’s be shut down center to be set up at to accelerate Ghasemi’s day at Mahak by in future 3 Payam Airport 4 medal reallocation 11 storytelling 12 Iran-EAEU trade taskforce holds first meeting online Iran, Syria sign military TEHRAN — The first meeting of Iran-Eur- remove the barriers existing in the way asian Economic Union (EAEU) trade task- of bilateral trade through mutual coop- force, which was set up to expand trade eration.” between the two sides after they inked a Having the annual trade of over $800 preferential agreement in October 2019, billion, the EAEU members play some was held online. significant role in the global trade, and and security agreement The meeting was participated by the expansion of trade with these countries is head of Iran’s Trade Promotion Organ- very important for Iran, he added. ization (TPO), and Iranian ambassador Iran-EAEU trade stands at over $2 See page 2 to Russia, as well as some other Iranian billion for the moment, which could be and EAEU officials, IRIB reported. increased to $5 million in the short-term Addressing the meeting, TPO Head and to $10 billion in the long-term period, Hamid Zadboum said, “We are trying to Zadboum noted. -
Country Report Iran May 2017
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Country Report Iran Generated on November 13th 2017 Economist Intelligence Unit 20 Cabot Square London E14 4QW United Kingdom _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For 60 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The Economist Intelligence Unit delivers its information in four ways: through its digital portfolio, where the latest analysis is updated daily; through printed subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through research reports; and by organising seminars and presentations. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 20 Cabot Square The Economist Group London 750 Third Avenue E14 4QW 5th Floor United Kingdom New York, NY 10017, US Tel: +44 (0) 20 7576 8181 Tel: +1 212 541 0500 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7576 8476 Fax: +1 212 586 0248 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Hong Kong Geneva The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 1301 Cityplaza Four Rue de l’Athénée 32 12 Taikoo Wan Road 1206 Geneva Taikoo Shing Switzerland Hong Kong Tel: +852 2585 3888 Tel: +41 22 566 24 70 Fax: +852 2802 7638 Fax: +41 22 346 93 47 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] This report can be accessed electronically as soon as it is published by visiting store.eiu.com or by contacting a local sales representative. -
Nombramiento Que Expide El Titular Del Ejecutivo Federal a Favor Del C. José Alfonso Zegbe Camarena
DOCUMENTO DE APOYO CON MOTIVO DEL PROCESO DE RATIFICACIÓN DEL H. SENADO DE LA REPÚBLICA, AL NOMBRAMIENTO DEL C. JOSÉ ALFONSO ZEGBE CAMARENA COMO EMBAJADOR EXTRAORDINARIO Y PLENIPOTENCIARIO DE MÉXICO ANTE LA REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DE IRÁN Y CONCURRENTE ANTE LA REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DE AFGANISTÁN, LA REPÚBLICA KIRGUISA, LA REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DE PAKISTÁN, LA REPÚBLICA DE TAYIKISTÁN Y LA REPÚBLICA DE UZBEKISTÁN 2016 Irán (República Islámica del) 23/11/16 Contenido IRÁN (REPÚBLICA ISLÁMICA DEL) A. Datos básicos ............................................................................................................................................... 5 A. 1 Características generales .......................................................................................................................... 5 A.2 Indicadores sociales .................................................................................................................................. 6 A.3 Estructura del Producto Interno Bruto ..................................................................................................... 6 A.4 Coyuntura económica ............................................................................................................................... 7 A.5 Comercio exterior...................................................................................................................................... 7 A.6 Distribución de comercio por países ........................................................................................................ -
The Path Dependent Nature of Factionalism in Post- Khomeini Iran
HH Sheikh Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Series The Path Dependent Nature of Factionalism in Post-Khomeini Iran Ariabarzan Mohammadi Number 13: December 2014 About the Author Dr Ariabarzan Mohammadi is a Visiting Research Fellow with teaching duties in the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University for 2014-15. Disclaimer The views expressed in the HH Sheikh Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the School or of Durham University. These wide ranging Research Working Papers are products of the scholarship under the auspices of the al-Sabah Programme and are disseminated in this early form to encourage debate on the important academic and policy issues of our time. Copyright belongs to the Author(s). Bibliographical references to the HH Sheikh Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Series should be as follows: Author(s), Paper Title (Durham, UK: al-Sabah Number, date). 2 | P a g e The Path Dependent Nature of Factionalism in Post- Khomeini Iran Dr Ariabarzan Mohammadi Abstract The main claim of this paper is that the anti-party system in Iran, or what is known as factionalism, is subject to a path dependent process. The political system in post- Khomeini Iran is not based on political parties. The authoritarian regime in Iran has not developed into a ruling party system as in Egypt under Mubarak. Instead, through its different stages of institutionalisation, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has gradually degenerated from what looked like a single party system during the ascendancy of the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) in the first and second Majlis (the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran), to an anti-party, factional system that has continued to the present. -
IRAN out of the Shadows
The Islamic Republic of IRAN Out of the shadows Australian Institute of International Affairs Victoria Iran Study Tour Report 8th – 25th April 2017 Iran Study Tour 2017 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 2 Iran Study Tour: Executive Summary................................................................................................ 3 AIIA Study Tour Members ................................................................................................................ 4 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 6 Organisations ................................................................................................................................... 7 ECONOMY ...................................................................................................................................... 11 DOMESTIC POLITICS ....................................................................................................................... 14 IRAN’S ROLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND WEST ASIA ....................................................................... 17 IRAN’S RELATIONS WITH THE WEST ............................................................................................... 20 AUSTRALIA-IRAN BILATERAL RELATIONS ........................................................................................ 23 IMMIGRATION .............................................................................................................................. -
Tehran, Moscow Set Roadmap for Strategic Economic Co-Op
Iran’s parliamentary Japan’s TonenGeneral Iran’s 2016 Olympic Iranian theater 21112group to visit 4 buys first oil uniforms revealed troupe pays tribute NATION Damascus ECONOMY from Iran: sources SPORTS ART& CULTURE to Anton Chekhov WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y ‘Iran resolved to open new chapter in cooperation with ASEAN’ 2 12 Pages Price 10,000 Rials 38th year No.12611 Sunday JULY 31, 2016 Mordad 10, 1395 Shawwal 26, 1437 Failed coup Al-Nusra strengthened Turkish Tehran, Moscow set roadmap rebranding unity: ambassador for strategic economic co-op just ‘word EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW By Ali Kushki and Parvin Telli Iran and Russia are to sign a five-year Iranian Communications and Informa- Vaezi and Novak, who co-chaired play’: Iran strategic cooperation plan on more tion Technology Minister Mahmoud the Russian-Iranian intergovernmental TEHRAN — Two weeks after the July 15 coup, the Tehran than 70 industrial projects. Vaezi to Moscow, starting from July 26, commission on trade and economic POLITICAL TEHRAN — Irani- Times sat face-to-face with Turkish ambassador to Tehran The two countries conferred on tak- and his meetings with various Russian cooperation, told reporters about the deskan Foreign Ministry Riza Hakan Tekin to hear his remarks about the pre- and ing bilateral economic partnership into senior officials including Energy Minister outcomes of their meeting in a news spokesman Bahram Qassemi said on post-coup Turkey. a new level during the four-day visit of Alexander Novak. conference on Friday. Thursday that changing the name of Too strong to be defeated by tanks and helicopters, Al-Nusra Front to Jabhat Fatah al-Sh- said the ambassador, hailing the Turkish people’s will. -
Cultural Consulate of Embassy of I.R. Iran – Pretoria
IRAN October 16-21, 2016 FOCUS A LOOK AT REAL IRAN IN WEEKLY NEWS Issue No.3 CULTURAL CONSULATE OF EMBASSY OF I.R. IRAN – PRETORIA 2 Introduction: Iran: A concise History “Certain regions of the world are distinguishable as being associated with a particular human culture pattern, which is at once distinctive in character and also sufficiently strong to have survived as a readily identifiable entity over many centuries… Of these regions, Iran is certainly one”. Cambridge History of Iran Known as Persia until 1935, Iran is a country with a history of over 10000 years and home to one of the oldest known civilizations. Persia, or Iran, as the country is more appropriately called, presents a lexicon of human history matched only by a handful of other countries in the world. The name Persia is derived from the Persis, a province in southern Iran from which a southern Iranian tribe, known as the “Persians” created a world empire in the sixth century B.C. The name Iran, pronounced “Eran”, however, comes from the term “Aryan” meaning “the land of nobles”, a name first used about the first millennium B.C. ‘Iran’ as a territory has multiple meanings. Broadly and devoid of any sort of political or territorial claims, one can see it as three regions. First, there is modern Iran, within its international borders. Then there is ‘Greater Iran or / ‘Iran exterieur comprising the additional areas that once formed part of the Iranian world at various times in history. Lastly, there are the areas, sometimes very remote from the center, including parts of Europe and India that exhibit Iranian influence.